1
|
Jothi R, Gowrishankar S. Synergistic anti-virulence efficacy of citral and carvacrol against mixed vaginitis causing Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis: An in vitro and in vivo study. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024; 77:436-453. [PMID: 38750249 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-024-00728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Mixed vaginitis due to bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the most prevalent form and presents a significant therapeutic challenge globally. Since, the administration of monotherapy leads to subsequent recurrent infections, synergistic therapy that completely eradicates both pathogens is of dire need to manage mixed vaginities scenario and to prevent its recurrence. The current investigation was focused on exploring the synergistic inhibitory efficacy of phytochemicals against the virulence traits of individual and mixed species of C. albicans and G. vaginalis in vitro and in vivo (Galleria mellonella). Out of five phytochemicals (carvacrol, thymol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and borneol) screened for synergism with citral [(Ct) as the prime molecule owing to its myriad therapeutic potential], carvacrol (Ca) in combination with citral exhibited promising synergistic effect. Time-kill kinetics and one-minute contact-killing assays demonstrated the phenomenal microbicidal effect of Ct-Ca combination against both mono and dual-species within 30 min and one-minute time intervals, respectively. Furthermore, the sub-CMICs (synergistic combinatorial MIC) of Ct-Ca have significantly eradicated the mature biofilms and remarkably reduced the virulence attributes of both C. albicans and G. vaginalis (viz., yeast to hyphae transition, filamentation, protease production, and hydrophobicity index), in single and dual species states. The non-toxic nature of Ct-Ca combination was authenticated using in vitro (human erythrocyte cells) and in vivo (Galleria mellonella) models. In addition, the in vivo efficacy evaluation and subsequent histopathological investigation was done using the invertebrate model system G. mellonella, which further ascertained the effectiveness of Ct-Ca combination in fighting off the infection caused by individual and mixed species of C. albicans and G. vaginalis. Concomitantly, the current work is the first of its kind to delineate the in vitro interaction of C. albicans and G. vaginalis mixed species at their growth and biofilm states, together emphasizes the promising therapeutic potential of acclaimed phytochemicals as combinatorial synergistic therapy against mixed vaginitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Jothi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugaraj Gowrishankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hałasa R, Turecka K, Mizerska U, Krauze-Baranowska M. Anti- Helicobacter pylori Biofilm Extracts from Rubus idaeus and Rubus occidentalis. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:501. [PMID: 38675162 PMCID: PMC11054215 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infections are still an important health problem and are directly related to the development of gastric ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, mucosal lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and diabetes. At the same time, the number of substances/drugs effective against these bacteria is limited due to increasing resistance. Raw plant materials from various species of the Rubus genus-fruits and shoots-have shown antimicrobial activity in numerous studies against different bacteria, including H. pylori in a planktonic form. Research carried out on a model using fragments of intravenous infusions and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) as a dye showed that the shoot extract of Rubus idaeus 'Willamette', the fruit extract of R. idaeus 'Poranna Rosa', R. idaeus and R. idaeus 'Laszka', and R. occidentalis Litacz' prevent the formation of biofilm by H. pylori. Active concentrations inhibiting biofilm formation were 6.65 mg/mL for shoots and 16.65 mg/mL for fruits. However, in the resulting biofilm, the extract from the shoots of R. idaeus 'Willamette' and the fruit of R. idaeus 'Poranna Rosa' at a concentration of 16.65 mg/mL was active against living bacteria, and the remaining extracts showed such activity at a concentration of 33.3 mg/mL. In studies on the interaction of the extract with antibiotics on biofilm, the extract from the shoots of R. idaeus 'Willamette' showed synergy with doxycycline and levofloxacin, additivity with amoxicillin and clarithromycin, and neutrality with metronidazole. H. pylori biofilm research was carried out in a newly elaborated research model-culture on fragments of intravenous infusions with the addition of TTC as a marker of living bacterial cells. The research results may constitute the basis for the development of new combination therapies for the treatment of H. pylori infections, including its resistant strains. The proposed new biofilm research model, which is cheap and effective, may allow testing of new substances that are potentially more effective against H. pylori and other biofilm-forming bacterial strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Hałasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Turecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Urszula Mizerska
- Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang H, Huang L, Zhao D, Zhao H, Chen Y, Li Y, Zeng Y. Protective effect of wheat gluten peptides against ethanol-stress damage in yeast cell and identification of anti-ethanol peptides. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2024; 192:115732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2024.115732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
|
4
|
Jothi R, Hong ST, Enkhtsatsral M, Pandian SK, Gowrishankar S. ROS mediated anticandidal efficacy of 3-Bromopyruvate prevents vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295922. [PMID: 38153954 PMCID: PMC10754460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidal infections, particularly vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), necessitate effective therapeutic interventions in clinical settings owing to their intricate clinical nature and elusive understanding of their etiological mechanisms. Given the challenges in developing effective antifungal therapies, the strategy of repurposing existing pharmaceuticals has emerged as a promising approach to combat drug-resistant fungi. In this regard, the current study investigates molecular insights on the anti-candidal efficacy of a well-proven anticancer small molecule -3-bromopyruvate (3BP) against three clinically significant VVC causing Candida species viz., C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. Furthermore, the study validates 3BP's therapeutic application by developing it as a vaginal cream for the treatment of VVC. 3BP exhibited phenomenal antifungal efficacy (killing >99%) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) of 256 μg/mL against all tested Candida spp. Time killing kinetics experiment revealed 20 min as the minimum time required for 3BP at 2XMIC to achieve complete-killing (99.9%) in all Candida strains. Moreover, the ergosterol or sorbitol experiment explicated that the antifungal activity of 3BP does not stem from targeting the cell wall or the membrane component ergosterol. Instead, 3BP was observed to instigate a sequence of pre-apoptotic cascade events, such as phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, nuclear condensation and ROS accumulations, as evidenced by PI, DAPI and DCFH-DA staining methods. Furthermore, 3BP demonstrated a remarkable efficacy in eradicating mature biofilms of Candida spp., achieving a maximum eradication level of 90%. Toxicity/safety profiling in both in vitro erythrocyte lysis and in vivo Galleria mellonella survival assay authenticated the non-toxic nature of 3BP up to 512 μg/mL. Finally, a vaginal cream formulated with 3BP was found to be effective in VVC-induced female mice model, as it significantly decreasing fungal load and protecting vaginal mucosa. Concomitantly, the present study serves as a clear demonstration of antifungal mechanistic action of anticancer drug -3BP, against Candida species. This finding holds significant potential for mitigating candidal infections, particularly VVC, within healthcare environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Jothi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seong-Tshool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Munkhtur Enkhtsatsral
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Walczak-Nowicka L, Biernasiuk A, Ziemichód W, Karczmarzyk Z, Kwaśnik M, Kozyra P, Wysocki W, Stenzel-Bembenek A, Kowalczuk D, Herbet M, Pitucha M. N-Substituted 2-(Benzenosulfonyl)-1-Carbotioamide Derivatives Exert Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effects via Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Pathway: Synthesis, In Silico and In Vitro Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1706. [PMID: 38139832 PMCID: PMC10747733 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of N-Substituted 2-(benzenosulfonyl)-1-carbotioamide derivatives (WZ1-WZ4) were synthesized and characterized using spectral methods. A comprehensive activity study was performed for each compound. All compounds were tested for antibacterial activity. Moreover, in silico studies were carried out to determine the anticancer potential of the designed WZ1-WZ4 ligands. Based on molecular docking, aldehyde dehydrogenase was selected as a molecular target. The obtained data were compared with experimental data in vitro tests. Novel hybrids of the thiosemicarbazide scaffold and sulfonyl groups may have promising anticancer activity via the aldehyde dehydrogenase pathway. The best candidate for further studies appears to be WZ2, due to its superior selectivity in comparison to the other tested compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucja Walczak-Nowicka
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (L.W.-N.); (M.H.)
| | - Anna Biernasiuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Ziemichód
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.Z.); (P.K.)
| | - Zbigniew Karczmarzyk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Siedlce, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; (Z.K.)
| | - Mateusz Kwaśnik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J/4.03, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kozyra
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.Z.); (P.K.)
| | - Waldemar Wysocki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Siedlce, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; (Z.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Stenzel-Bembenek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalczuk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (L.W.-N.); (M.H.)
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.Z.); (P.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hałasa R, Bułakowska A, Sławiński J, Smoktunowicz M, Rapacka-Zdończyk A, Mizerska U. Activity of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives with 4-Chloro-2-mercaptobenzenesulfonamide Moiety against Clinical HLAR and VRE Enterococcus spp. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1691. [PMID: 38136725 PMCID: PMC10741072 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in strains that are resistant to antibiotics requires new active compounds to be found whose mechanism of action on bacteria is different to those that are currently known. Of particular interest are compounds that occur in plants as secondary metabolites. The focus of this study concerns the examination of the effects of synthetic cinnamic acid derivatives, with 4-chloro-2-mercaptobenzenesulfonamide moiety on Enterococcus spp. with HLAR (high-level aminoglycoside resistance) and VRE (vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus) mechanisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the tested compounds were determined using the serial dilution method for Enterococcus spp. groups, and the most active compounds were as follows: 16d, 17c, 16a, 16c and 16f (2-4 µg/mL). These compounds, at a concentration of 4 × MIC, inhibited the biofilm formation of HLAR strains (70 to 94%). At concentrations of 2 × MIC and 4 × MIC, they also inhibited the growth of VRE strains (42 to 96%). The best effect produced on the formed biofilm was demonstrated by compound 16f (from 62% MIC concentration to 89% 4 × MIC concentration) on the tested HLAR strains. In vitro studies, using the peripheral blood of domestic sheep, demonstrated the stable bacteriostatic activity of the tested compounds against Enterococcus spp. The compounds 16a, 16c, 16d, 16f and 17c showed synergism and additivity with ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin and vancomycin against resistant strains of Enterococcus spp. The tested compounds, when combined, reduce the MIC for antibiotics by 800 to 10,000 times for HLAR strains and by 8 to 10,000 times for VRE strains. The MIC of the tested compounds, in combination with antibiotics, is reduced 2-16-fold for HLAR strains and 2-32-fold for VRE strains. These studies demonstrate the potential for the therapeutic use of synthetic, cinnamic acid derivatives, with 4-chloro-2-mercaptobenzenesulfonamide moiety, to work against clinical strains of Enterococcus spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Hałasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.S.); (A.R.-Z.)
| | - Anita Bułakowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jarosław Sławiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Magdalena Smoktunowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.S.); (A.R.-Z.)
| | - Aleksandra Rapacka-Zdończyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.S.); (A.R.-Z.)
| | - Urszula Mizerska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Department of Polymeric Nano-Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nikookar Golestani R, Ghods E, Rostamian M, Madanchi H, Talebi AF. Investigating the antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and action mechanism of acylated and amidated derivatives of AurH1 antifungal peptide. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:332. [PMID: 37946110 PMCID: PMC10633902 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing growth of microbial resistance threatens the health of human societies. Therefore, the discovery and design of new antibiotics seem necessary. Today, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are receiving attention due to their unique properties. In our previous studies, exclusive antifungal effects of AurH1, which is a truncated and modified form of Aurein1.2, were synthesized. In this study, AurH1 antifungal peptide was synthesized into acylated (Ac-AurH1) and amidated (AurH1-NH2) derivatives, and their antifungal activity, cytotoxicity, anticancer activity, hemolytic effects were investigated. Finally, the time- of killing, the action mechanism of amidated and acylated peptides, and the effects of salts and human serum on their antimicrobial potency were determined. All the results obtained about these peptides were compared with the AurH1 without chemical modifications. RESULTS The results showed that amidation at the C-terminal of AurH1 compared to acylation at the N-terminal of it can improve the antifungal properties and cytotoxicity of AurH1. The results showed that AurH1 amidation can maintain the antifungal activity of this peptide in the culture medium containing specific dilutions of human serum compared to the intact AurH1. Also, the amidation of the C-terminal of AurH1 could not affect the mechanism of action and its time -of killing. CONCLUSION As a result, the amidation of the C-terminal of the AurH1 is a suitable strategy to improve its antifungal properties and cytotoxicity. This modification can enhance its properties for animal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyhane Nikookar Golestani
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, Semnan, 35131-19111, Iran
| | - Elahe Ghods
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 35131-38111, Iran
| | - Mosayeb Rostamian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Madanchi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 35131-38111, Iran.
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 13198, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Farhad Talebi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, Semnan, 35131-19111, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ebrahim RMA, Abdelbagi A, Sulfab Y, Hamdi OAA, Shokri SA, Ali EA. Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking, and antimicrobial activities of dinuclear nickel(ii), palladium(ii), and platinum(iv) complexes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27501-27511. [PMID: 37720836 PMCID: PMC10501048 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04768g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
New nickel(ii), palladium(ii), and platinum(iv) complexes were synthesized by reacting the metal ions with benzidinedioxime in a 1 : 1 mole ratio. The CHN elemental analysis, spectroscopic analyses, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) results showed that two Ni(ii) and two Pd(ii) ions coordinated to two benzidinedioxime ligands via the nitrogen atoms of both oxime groups and the two azomethine nitrogen atoms. In the case of the dinuclear platinum(iv) complex, however, each Pt(iv) is coordinated with the two oxygen atoms of the oxime group and the two azomethine nitrogen atoms of the ligand. Both elemental analyses and PXRD indicated that the complex ions of Ni(ii) and Pt(iv) have distorted octahedral geometry, whereas Pd(ii) has a square planar geometry. Molecular docking studies showed that the nickel(ii) complex is the most potent dual DHPS/DHFR bacterial inhibitor. The receptor of the DHPS enzyme (3ZTE) showed the best interaction with the nickel(ii) complex when compared to a receptor of the DHFR enzyme (3FRB). All the synthesized complexes and ligand exhibited significant results against PS. Aeruginous than their corresponding SMX-TMP drug. Among the three synthesized complexes, the nickel(ii) complex possessed the highest antimicrobial activities against tested microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem M A Ebrahim
- Biotechnology Department, Africa City of Technology Khartoum Sudan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology Khartoum Sudan
| | - Abubakar Abdelbagi
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Neelain University Khartoum Sudan
| | - Yousif Sulfab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University Khartoum Sudan
| | | | - Samah A Shokri
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Neelain University Khartoum Sudan
| | - Elmugdad A Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology Khartoum Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang X, Bai S, Wu J, Fan Y, Zou Y, Xia Z, Ao J, Chen T, Zhang M, Yang R. Antifungal Activity and Potential Action Mechanism of Allicin against Trichosporon asahii. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0090723. [PMID: 37199655 PMCID: PMC10269704 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00907-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that causes potentially fatal disseminated trichosporonosis. The global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses an increasing fungal infection burden caused by T. asahii. Allicin is the main biologically active component with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in garlic. In this study, we performed an in-depth analysis of the antifungal characteristics of allicin against T. asahii based on physiological, cytological, and transcriptomic assessments. In vitro, allicin inhibited the growth of T. asahii planktonic cells and biofilm cells significantly. In vivo, allicin improved the mean survival time of mice with systemic trichosporonosis and reduced tissue fungal burden. Electron microscopy observations clearly demonstrated damage to T. asahii cell morphology and ultrastructure caused by allicin. Furthermore, allicin increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, leading to oxidative stress damage in T. asahii cells. Transcriptome analysis showed that allicin treatment disturbed the biosynthesis of cell membrane and cell wall, glucose catabolism, and oxidative stress. The overexpression of multiple antioxidant enzymes and transporters may also place an additional burden on cells, causing them to collapse. Our findings shed new light on the potential of allicin as an alternative treatment strategy for trichosporonosis. IMPORTANCE Systemic infection caused by T. asahii has recently been recognized as an important cause of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Invasive trichosporonosis remains a significant challenge for clinicians, due to the limited therapeutic options. The present work suggests that allicin holds great potential as a therapeutic candidate for T. asahii infection. Allicin demonstrated potent in vitro antifungal activity and potential in vivo protective effects. In addition, transcriptome sequencing provided valuable insights into the antifungal effects of allicin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Shuang Bai
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Fan
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuekun Zou
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikuan Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Ao
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sasidharan S, Nishanth KS, Nair HJ. A semi purified hydroalcoholic fraction from Caesalpinia bonduc seeds causes ergosterol biosynthesis inhibition in Candida albicans resulting in cell membrane damage. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1189241. [PMID: 37377930 PMCID: PMC10291067 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1189241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida species are currently developing resistance to prevailing commercially available drugs, which raises an instantaneous need to discover novel antifungals. To cope with this shocking situation, phytochemicals are the richest, safest, and most potent source of excellent antimicrobials with broad-spectrum activity. The aim of the current study is to explore the anticandidal potential of the various fractions purified from the hydroalcoholic extract of C. bonduc seed. Out of five fractions purified from the hydroalcoholic extract, fraction 3 (Fr. 3) recorded the best activity against C. albicans (8 μg/mL) and thus this species was chosen for further mechanism of action studies. The phytochemical examination reveals that Fr. 3 was found to contain steroids and triterpenoids. This was further supported by LC-QTOF-MS and GCMS analyses. Our findings show that Fr. 3 targets the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in C. albicans by inhibiting the lanosterol 14-α demethylase enzyme and downregulating expression of its related gene ERG11. Molecular docking outcomes disclosed favorable structural dynamics of the compounds, implying that the compounds present in Fr. 3 would be able to successfully bind to the lanosterol 14-α demethylase, as evidenced by the docked compounds' strong interaction with the target enzyme's amino acid residues. Considering virulence factors, the Fr. 3 recorded significant antibiofilm activity as well as germ-tube reduction potential. Furthermore, Fr. 3 enhances the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). This suggests that the antifungal activity of Fr. 3 was associated with membrane damage and the induction of ROS production, resulting in cell death. Fluorescence microscopic analysis of PI stained Candida further showed changes in the plasma membrane permeability, which causes severe loss of intracellular material and osmotic balance. This was demonstrated by the potassium ion leakage and release of genetic materials. Finally, the erythrocyte lysis assay confirmed the low cytotoxicity of Fr. 3. Both in silico and in vitro results suggest that Fr. 3 has the potential to propel forward novel antifungal drug discovery programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Sasidharan
- 1Department of R&D, Pankajakasthuri Herbal Research Foundation, Pankajakasthuri Ayurveda Medical College Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Kumar S. Nishanth
- 1Department of R&D, Pankajakasthuri Herbal Research Foundation, Pankajakasthuri Ayurveda Medical College Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Hareendran. J Nair
- 2Department of R&D, Pankajakasthuri Herbals India Pvt Ltd., Pankajakasthuri Ayurveda Medical College Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen Y, Gao Y, Yuan M, Zheng Z, Yin J. Anti- Candida albicans Effects and Mechanisms of Theasaponin E1 and Assamsaponin A. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119350. [PMID: 37298302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen, and its drug resistance is becoming a serious problem. Camellia sinensis seed saponins showed inhibitory effects on resistant Candida albicans strains, but the active components and mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of two Camellia sinensis seed saponin monomers, theasaponin E1 (TE1) and assamsaponin A (ASA), on a resistant Candida albicans strain (ATCC 10231) were explored. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of TE1 and ASA were equivalent. The time-kill curves showed that the fungicidal efficiency of ASA was higher than that of TE1. TE1 and ASA significantly increased the cell membrane permeability and disrupted the cell membrane integrity of C. albicans cells, probably by interacting with membrane-bound sterols. Moreover, TE1 and ASA induced the accumulation of intracellular ROS and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes were concentrated in the cell wall, plasma membrane, glycolysis, and ergosterol synthesis pathways. In conclusion, the antifungal mechanisms of TE1 and ASA included the interference with the biosynthesis of ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, damage to the mitochondria, and the regulation of energy metabolism and lipid metabolism. Tea seed saponins have the potential to be novel anti-Candida albicans agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Mingan Yuan
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Zhaisheng Zheng
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Junfeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bouhia Y, Hafidi M, Ouhdouch Y, Lyamlouli K. Olive mill waste sludge: From permanent pollution to a highly beneficial organic biofertilizer: A critical review and future perspectives. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:114997. [PMID: 37210993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewater sludge (OMWS) is a by-product of the olive extraction process that is attracting substantial attention due to its extremely hazardous effects on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. OMWS is a product of the common disposal method of olive oil mill wastewater (OMWW) that accumulates in evaporation ponds. It is estimated that approximately 10 × 106 m3 of OMWS is generated worldwide each year. OMWS is characterized by its significantly variable physicochemical properties and organic pollutant constituents, such as phenols and lipids, which are dependent upon the environmental features of the receiving ponds. Nonetheless, many related studies have recognized the biofertilizer potential of this sludge owing to its high mineral nutrient and organic matter load. OMWS exhibits promising valorization potential in several fields, including agriculture and energy production. Compared to those of OMWW, studies of OMWS are still lacking concerning its composition and characteristics, which are necessary for the future implementation of efficient valorization strategies. The main purpose of this review paper is to fill the gap that exists in the literature by providing a critical analysis of the available data on OMWS production, distribution, characteristics, and properties. Additionally, this work sheds light on important factors affecting OMWS properties, including the variability of the indigenous microbial communities regarding bioremediation. Finally, this review addresses the current and future valorization routes, from detoxification to the development of promising applications in agriculture, energy, and the environment, which could have significant socioeconomic implications for low-income Mediterranean countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youness Bouhia
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, AgroSciences and Environment, labeled Research Unit CNRST N°4 Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed 6 Polytechnic University UM6P, Benguerir 43150, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, AgroSciences and Environment, labeled Research Unit CNRST N°4 Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed 6 Polytechnic University UM6P, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Yedir Ouhdouch
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, AgroSciences and Environment, labeled Research Unit CNRST N°4 Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed 6 Polytechnic University UM6P, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Karim Lyamlouli
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed 6 Polytechnic University UM6P, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Turecka K, Chylewska A, Dąbrowska AM, Hałasa R, Orlewska C, Waleron K. Ru(II) Oxygen Sensors for Co(III) Complexes and Amphotericin B Antifungal Activity Detection by Phosphorescence Optical Respirometry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108744. [PMID: 37240092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The measurement of oxygen consumption is an important element in the understanding of an organism's metabolic state. Oxygen is also a phosphorescence quencher, which allows the evaluation of phosphorescence emitted by oxygen sensors. Two Ru(II)-based oxygen-sensitive sensors were used to study the effect of chemical compounds [(1) = [CoCl2(dap)2]Cl, and (2) = [CoCl2(en)2]Cl (AmB = amphotericin B) against reference and clinical strains of Candida albicans. The tris-[(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II)] chloride ([Ru(DPP)3]Cl2) (Box) adsorbed onto the DavisilTM silica gel was embedded in the silicone rubber Lactite NuvaSil® 5091 and the coating on the bottom of 96-well plates. The water-soluble oxygen sensor (BsOx = tris-[(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinedisulphonic acid disodium)ruthenium(II)] chloride 'x' hydrate = {Ru[DPP(SO3Na)2]3}Cl2 = water molecules were omitted in the BsOx formula) was synthesized and characterized by RP-UHPLC, LCMS, MALDI, elemental analysis, ATR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, and TG/IR techniques. The microbiological studies were performed in the environment of RPMI broth and blood serum. Both Ru(II)-based sensors turned out to be useful in the study of the activity of Co(III) complexes and the commercial antifungal drug amphotericin B. In addition, a new activity of the oxygen sensor, the soluble Ru(II) complex BsOx, was demonstrated, which is a mixture with amphotericin B that caused a significant increase in its antifungal activity. Thus, it is also possible to demonstrate the synergistic effect of compounds active against the microorganisms under study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Turecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chylewska
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Dąbrowska
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Hałasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Czesława Orlewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Waleron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Schiff Bases Derived from 4-Amino-5-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062718. [PMID: 36985690 PMCID: PMC10057893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of infectious diseases is a challenging issue faced by the medical community. The emergence of drug-resistant strains of bacteria and fungi is a major concern. Researchers and medical professionals are working to develop new and innovative treatments for infectious diseases. Schiff bases are one a promising class of compounds. In this work, new derivatives were obtained of the 4-amino-5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione reaction, with corresponding benzaldehydes with various substituents at position 4. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of all synthesized compounds were tested. Several new substances have shown moderate antifungal activity against Candida spp. The highest activity directed against C. albicans was shown by compound RO4, with a 4-methoxyphenyl moiety and an MIC value of 62.5 µg/mL. In order to check the toxicity of the synthesized compounds, their effect on cell lines was examined. Additionally, we tried to elucidate the mechanism of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the tested compounds using molecular docking to topoisomerase IV, D-Alanyl-D-Alanine Ligase, and dihydrofolate reductase.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tejaswini A, Alekhya KP, Manisha P, Nageswari P, Swathi K. Screening of Phyllanthus niruri Plant Active Constituents for Anticancer and Antifungal Activity by Insilico Methods. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1423:123-132. [PMID: 37525037 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31978-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
A large genus of shrubs, trees, and rare plants belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, Phyllanthus contains 600-700 species. The Phyllanthus niruri (L.) species is a tiny, erect annual herb that can reach heights of 30-40 cm. Its 7-12 cm long, sessile, alternating leaves are native to the Amazon rainforest, but they can also be found in other tropical regions such as South East Asia, Southern India, America, China, and the islands of the Indian Ocean. Phyllanthus contains many classes of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, lignin, polyphenols, and lipids. Numerous activities of the plant have been studied, including antidepressant (Wasnik et al., Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res, 6:26-29, 2014), anticancer (Sayuti et al. Studies, 10:17, 2020), anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive (Porto et al., Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 23:138-144, 2013), analgesic (Bhat et al., Pharm Res, 7:378, 2015), antiarthritic (Mali et al., Biomed Aging Pathol, 1:185-190, 2011), immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antifungal (Shilpa et al., Environm Dis, 3:63, 2018), antidiabetic (Kumar et al., Biomed Pharm J, 12:57-63, 2019), antiulcer (Mostofa et al., BMC Complement Altern Med, 17:1-10, 2017), antiviral (Wahyuni et al., Malays Appl Biol, 48:105-111, 2019), antiplasmodial (Ifeoma et al., Asian Pacific J Trop Med, 6:169-175, 2013), anticonvulsant (Amaechina and Omogbai, Nig J Nat Prod Med, 17:61-65, 2013), and hepato human cytochrome P450 CYP17A1 in association with abiraterone [PDB ID: 3RUK] plant extracts. New selective androgen receptor modulators were synthesized, and they were biologically evaluated (SARMs) (Micah et al., J Veter Med Anim Health 5(1):8-15, 2013, Rusmana et al., Indonesian Biomed J 9(2):84-90, 2017, Al Zarzour et al., Nutrients 10(8):1057, 2018, Khanna J Ethnopharmacol 82(1):19-22, 2002). In the present study [PDB ID: 3RUK,5T8E] with anticancer and [PDB ID: 6F0E,1EA1] with antifungal activities were used for docking study. In this study fluconazole's antifungal activity and dacarbazine's anticancer activity were used as benchmarks for molecular docking with Schrodinger 13.0 to compare the activity of Phyllanthus niruri's active constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avulapati Tejaswini
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kusampudi Preethi Alekhya
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Panjugula Manisha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Patnam Nageswari
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Konda Swathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Clove Essential Oil and Its Main Constituent, Eugenol, as Potential Natural Antifungals against Candida spp. Alone or in Combination with Other Antimycotics Due to Synergistic Interactions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010215. [PMID: 36615409 PMCID: PMC9821947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of candidiasis, including superficial infections, has recently increased dramatically, especially in immunocompromised patients. Their treatment is often ineffective due to the resistance of yeasts to antimycotics. Therefore, there is a need to search for new antifungals. The aim of this study was to determine the antifungal effect of clove essential oil (CEO) and eugenol (EUG) towards both reference and clinical Candida spp. strains isolated from the oral cavity of patients with hematological malignancies, and to investigate their mode of action and the interactions in combination with the selected antimycotics. These studies were performed using the broth microdilution method, tests with sorbitol and ergosterol, and a checkerboard technique, respectively. The CEO and EUG showed activity against all Candida strains with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 0.25-2 mg/mL. It was also found that both natural products bind to ergosterol in the yeast cell membrane. Moreover, the interactions between CEO and EUG with several antimycotics-cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, silver nitrate and triclosan-showed synergistic or additive effects in combination, except nystatin. This study confirms that the studied compounds appear to be a very promising group of phytopharmaceuticals used topically in the treatment of superficial candidiasis. However, this requires further studies in vivo.
Collapse
|
17
|
Jothi R, Sangavi R, Raja V, Kumar P, Pandian SK, Gowrishankar S. Alteration of Cell Membrane Permeability by Cetyltrimethylammonium Chloride Induces Cell Death in Clinically Important Candida Species. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010027. [PMID: 36612353 PMCID: PMC9819714 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The increased incidence of healthcare-related Candida infection has necessitated the use of effective disinfectants/antiseptics in healthcare settings as a preventive measure to decontaminate the hospital environment and stop the persistent colonization of the offending pathogens. Quanternary ammonium surfactants (QASs), with their promising antimicrobial efficacy, are considered as intriguing and appealing candidates for disinfectants. From this perspective, the present study investigated the antifungal efficacy and action mechanism of the QAS cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) against three clinically important Candida species: C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata. CTAC exhibited phenomenal antifungal activity against all tested Candida spp., with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) between 2 and 8 µg/mL. The time−kill kinetics of CTAC (at 2XMIC) demonstrated that an exposure time of 2 h was required to kill 99.9% of the inoculums in all tested strains. An important observation was that CTAC treatment did not influence intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), signifying that its phenomenal anticandidal efficacy was not mediated via oxidative stress. In addition, sorbitol supplementation increased CTAC’s MIC values against all tested Candida strains by three times (8−32 μg/mL), indicating that CTAC’s possible antifungal activity involves fungus cell membrane destruction. Interestingly, the increased fluorescence intensity of CTAC-treated cells in both propidium iodide (PI) and DAPI staining assays indicated the impairment of cell plasma membrane and nuclear membrane integrity by CTAC, respectively. Additionally, CTAC at MIC and 2XMIC was sufficient (>80%) to disrupt the mature biofilms of all tested spp., and it inhibited the yeast-to-hyphae transition at sub-MIC in C. albicans. Finally, the non-hemolytic activity of CTAC (upto 32 µg/mL) in human blood cells and HBECs signified its non-toxic nature at the investigated concentrations. Furthermore, thymol and citral, two phytocompounds, together with CTAC, showed synergistic fungicidal effectiveness against C. albicans planktonic cells. Altogether, the data of the present study appreciably broaden our understanding of the antifungal action mechanism of CTAC and support its future translation as a potential disinfectant against Candida-associated healthcare infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Jothi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravichellam Sangavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veerapandian Raja
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Ponnuchamy Kumar
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Shanmugaraj Gowrishankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Multidirectional Characterization of Phytochemical Profile and Health-Promoting Effects of Ziziphora bungeana Juz. Extracts. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248994. [PMID: 36558125 PMCID: PMC9788533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ziziphora species (Lamiaceae) have been used in traditional medicine as sedatives, antiseptics, carminatives, or expectorants. Despite their common applications in phytotherapy, there is still lack of evidence about the composition of their extracts and its impact on biological properties of the plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of Ziziphora bungeana, a less studied species growing in Kazakhstan, using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS instrumentation and to determine its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity together with inhibitory properties against tyrosinase and toxicity in erythrocyte lysis assay. Extracts from Z. bungeana were found to be sources of flavonoids, phenolic acids, organic acids, and terpenes that determined their antiradical activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of extracts were lower for Gram-positive bacteria (1.25-10 mg/mL) than for Gram-negative bacteria and fungi (5-20 mg/mL). The EC50 value calculated for antiradical activity ranged between 15.00 ± 1.06 µg/mL and 13.21 ± 3.24 µg/mL for ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively. Z. bungeana extracts were found to decrease the activity of tyrosinase by 50% (at 200 µg/mL) similarly to kojic acid and were slightly cytotoxic for human melanoma A375 cell line (at 200 µg/mL) with no effect on HaCaT keratinocytes. In the end, Z. bungeana did not reveal toxic effects in hemolytic assay as compared to the positive control Triton X-100. The performed tests show potential application of the plant in the treatment of infectious diseases, disorders caused by free radicals, and skin problems.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sharma B, Shukla S, Rattan R, Fatima M, Goel M, Bhat M, Dutta S, Ranjan RK, Sharma M. Antimicrobial Agents Based on Metal Complexes: Present Situation and Future Prospects. Int J Biomater 2022; 2022:6819080. [PMID: 36531969 PMCID: PMC9754840 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6819080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in antimicrobial resistance is a cause of serious concern since the ages. Therefore, a dire need to explore new antimicrobial entities that can combat against the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance is realized. Studies have shown that the activity of the strongest antibiotics has reduced drastically against many microbes such as microfungi and bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative). A ray of hope, however, was witnessed in early 1940s with the development of new drug discovery and use of metal complexes as antibiotics. Many new metal-based drugs were developed from the metal complexes which are potentially active against a number of ailments such as cancer, malaria, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this review is an attempt to describe the present scenario and future development of metal complexes as antibiotics against wide array of microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Sharma
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir 185234, India
| | - Sudeep Shukla
- Environment Pollution Analysis Lab, Bhiwadi, Alwar, Rajasthan 301019, India
| | - Rohit Rattan
- WWF-India Field Office, ITI Road, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir 185132, India
| | - Musarrat Fatima
- Department of Botany, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir 185234, India
| | - Mayurika Goel
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Program, The Energy and Resource Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Mamta Bhat
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir 185234, India
| | - Shruti Dutta
- Amity School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Haryana, India
| | | | - Mamta Sharma
- Aditi Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Madanchi H, Rahmati S, Doaee Y, Sardari S, Mousavi Maleki MS, Rostamian M, Ebrahimi Kiasari R, Seyed Mousavi SJ, Ghods E, Ardakanian M. Determination of antifungal activity and action mechanism of the modified Aurein 1.2 peptide derivatives. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
21
|
Ma Y, Lin W, Ruan Y, Lu H, Fan S, Chen D, Huang Y, Zhang T, Pi J, Xu JF. Advances of Cobalt Nanomaterials as Anti-Infection Agents, Drug Carriers, and Immunomodulators for Potential Infectious Disease Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112351. [PMID: 36365168 PMCID: PMC9696703 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain the most serious public health issue, which requires the development of more effective strategies for infectious control. As a kind of ultra-trace element, cobalt is essential to the metabolism of different organisms. In recent decades, nanotechnology has attracted increasing attention worldwide due to its wide application in different areas, including medicine. Based on the important biological roles of cobalt, cobalt nanomaterials have recently been widely developed for their attractive biomedical applications. With advantages such as low costs in preparation, hypotoxicity, photothermal conversion abilities, and high drug loading ability, cobalt nanomaterials have been proven to show promising potential in anticancer and anti-infection treatment. In this review, we summarize the characters of cobalt nanomaterials, followed by the advances in their biological functions and mechanisms. More importantly, we emphatically discuss the potential of cobalt nanomaterials as anti-infectious agents, drug carriers, and immunomodulators for anti-infection treatments, which might be helpful to facilitate progress in future research of anti-infection therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wensen Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yongdui Ruan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hongmei Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shuhao Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuhe Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Tangxin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiang Pi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (J.-F.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Isoflavaspidic Acid PB Extracted from Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott Inhibits Trichophyton rubrum Growth via Membrane Permeability Alternation and Ergosterol Biosynthesis Disruption. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6230193. [PMID: 35782069 PMCID: PMC9249503 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6230193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavaspidic acid PB (PB), a phloroglucinol derivative extracted from aerial parts of Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott, had antifungal activity against several dermatophytes. This study was aimed at exploring the antifungal mechanism of PB against Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum). The effectiveness of PB in inhibiting T. rubrum growth was detected by time-kill kinetics study and fungal biomass determination. Studies on the mechanism of action were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), sorbitol and ergosterol assay, nucleotide leakage measurement, and UPLC-based test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fungicidal activity of PB was concentration- and time-dependent at 2 × MIC (MIC: 20 μg/mL) after 36 h. The total biomass of T. rubrum was reduced by 64.17%, 77.65%, and 84.71% in the presence of PB at 0.5 × MIC, 1 × MIC, and 2 × MIC, respectively. SEM analysis showed that PB changed mycelial morphology, such as shrinking, twisting, collapsing, and even flattening. TEM images of treated cells exhibited abnormal distributions of polysaccharide particles, plasmolysis, and cytoplasmic content degradation accompanied by plasmalemma disruption. There were no changes in the MIC of PB in the presence of sorbitol. However, the MIC values of PB were increased by 4-fold with exogenous ergosterol. At 4 h and 8 h, PB increased nucleotide leakage. Besides, ergosterol content in T. rubrum membrane treated with PB at 0.5 × MIC, 1 × MIC, and 2 × MIC was decreased by 9.58%, 15.31%, and 76.24%, respectively. There was a dose-dependent decrease in the squalene epoxidase (SE) activity. And the reduction in the sterol 14α-demethylase P450 (CYP51) activity was achieved after PB treatments at 1 × MIC and 2 × MIC. These results suggest that PB displays nonspecific action on the cell wall. The membrane damaging effects of PB were attributed to binding with ergosterol to increase membrane permeability and interfering ergosterol biosynthesis involved with the reduction of SE and CYP51 activities. Further study is needed to develop PB as a natural antifungal candidate for clinical use.
Collapse
|
23
|
Gitarić J, Warżajtis B, Drašković NS, Stevanovic M, Ašanin DP, Skaro-Bogojevic S, Rychlewska U, Djuran MI, Glišić BĐ. Structural characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of chromium(III) and cobalt(III) complexes with 2,2-diMe-1,3-pdta: Tuning dimensionality of coordination polymer and the water content by alkyl substitution. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
24
|
Brandolt TM, Klafke GB, Ramos DF, Halicki PCB, Vicenti JRDM, Pereira WA, Poester VR, Sanchotene KO, Xavier MO. In vitro susceptibility of Sporothrix spp. to complexes coordinated with Co(II) and cobalt chloride hexahydrate. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
25
|
Bajaj K, Buchanan RM, Grapperhaus CA. Antifungal activity of thiosemicarbazones, bis(thiosemicarbazones), and their metal complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 225:111620. [PMID: 34619407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are ubiquitous in nature, and typically cause little or no environmental or pathogenic damage to their plant, animal, and human hosts. However, a small but growing number of pathogenic fungi are spreading world-wide at an alarming rate threatening global ecosystem health and proliferation. Many of these emerging pathogens have developed multi-drug resistance to front line therapeutics increasing the urgency for the development of new antifungal agents. This review examines the development of thiosemicarbazones, bis(thiosemicarbazones), and their metal complexes as potential antifungal agents against more than 65 different fungal strains. The fungistatic activity of the compounds are quantified based on the zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration, or growth inhibition percentage. In this review, reported activities were standardized based on molar concentrations to simplify comparisons between different compounds. Of all the fungal strains reported in the review, A. niger in particular was very resistant towards a majority of tested compounds. Our analysis of the data shows that metal complexes are typically more active than non-coordinated ligands with copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes generally displaying the highest activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Robert M Buchanan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Craig A Grapperhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Biernasiuk A, Berecka-Rycerz A, Gumieniczek A, Malm M, Łączkowski KZ, Szymańska J, Malm A. The newly synthesized thiazole derivatives as potential antifungal compounds against Candida albicans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6355-6367. [PMID: 34410437 PMCID: PMC8374424 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Recently, the occurrence of candidiasis has increased dramatically, especially in immunocompromised patients. Additionally, their treatment is often ineffective due to the resistance of yeasts to antimycotics. Therefore, there is a need to search for new antifungals. A series of nine newly synthesized thiazole derivatives containing the cyclopropane system, showing promising activity against Candida spp., has been further investigated. We decided to verify their antifungal activity towards clinical Candida albicans isolated from the oral cavity of patients with hematological malignancies and investigate the mode of action on fungal cell, the effect of combination with the selected antimycotics, toxicity to erythrocytes, and lipophilicity. These studies were performed by the broth microdilution method, test with sorbitol and ergosterol, checkerboard technique, erythrocyte lysis assay, and reversed phase thin-layer chromatography, respectively. All derivatives showed very strong activity (similar and even higher than nystatin) against all C. albicans isolates with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 0.008–7.81 µg/mL Their mechanism of action may be related to action within the fungal cell wall structure and/or within the cell membrane. The interactions between the derivatives and the selected antimycotics (nystatin, chlorhexidine, and thymol) showed additive effect only in the case of combination some of them and thymol. The erythrocyte lysis assay confirmed the low cytotoxicity of these compounds as compared to nystatin. The high lipophilicity of the derivatives was related with their high antifungal activity. The present studies confirm that the studied thiazole derivatives containing the cyclopropane system appear to be a very promising group of compounds in treatment of infections caused by C. albicans. However, this requires further studies in vivo. Key points • The newly thiazoles showed high antifungal activity and some of them — additive effect in combination with thymol. • Their mode of action may be related with the influence on the structure of the fungal cell wall and/or the cell membrane. • The low cytotoxicity against erythrocytes and high lipophilicity of these derivatives are their additional good properties. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11477-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Biernasiuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Berecka-Rycerz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Gumieniczek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maria Malm
- Department of Medicinal Informatics and Statistics with E-Learning Lab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, Lublin, 20-090, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Z Łączkowski
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Szymańska
- Department of Integrated Paediatric Dentistry, Chair of Integrated Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lubartowska 58, 20-94, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Haroun M, Tratrat C, Kochkar H, Nair AB. CDATA[Recent Advances in the Development of 1,2,3-Triazole-containing Derivatives as Potential Antifungal Agents and Inhibitors of Lanoster ol 14α-Demethylase. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:462-506. [PMID: 33319673 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621999201214232018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazole, a five-membered heterocyclic nucleus, is widely recognized as a key chromophore of great value in medicinal chemistry for delivering compounds possessing innumerable biological activities, including antimicrobial, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory activities. Mainly, in the past years, diverse conjugates carrying this biologically valuable core have been reported due to their attractive fungicidal potential and potent effects on various infective targets. Hence, hybridization of 1,2,3-triazole with other antimicrobial pharmacophores appears to be a judicious strategy to develop new effective anti-fungal candidates to combat the emergence of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant infectious diseases. Thus, the current review highlights the recent advances of this promising category of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids incorporating diverse varieties of bioactive heterocycles such as conozole, coumarin, imidazole, benzimidazole, pyrazole, indole, oxindole, chromene, pyrane, quinazoline, chalcone, isoflavone, carbohydrates, and amides. It underlies their inhibition behavior against a wide array of infectious fungal species during 2015-2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafedh Kochkar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liang J, Sun D, Yang Y, Li M, Li H, Chen L. Discovery of metal-based complexes as promising antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113696. [PMID: 34274828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an intractable problem for the world. Metal ions are essential for the cell process and biological function in microorganisms. Many metal-based complexes with the potential for releasing ions are more likely to be absorbed for their higher lipid solubility. Hence, this review highlights the clinical potential of organometallic compounds for the treatment of infections caused by bacteria or fungi in recent five years. The common scaffolds, including antimicrobial peptides, N-heterocyclic carbenes, Schiff bases, photosensitive-grand-cycle skeleton structures, aliphatic amines-based ligands, and special metal-based complexes are summarized here. We also discuss their therapeutic targets and the risks that should be paid attention to in the future studies, aiming to provide information for researchers on metal-based complexes as antimicrobial agents and inspire the design and synthesis of new antimicrobial drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yueying Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Mingxue Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Antibacterial Activity of Co(III) Complexes with Diamine Chelate Ligands against a Broad Spectrum of Bacteria with a DNA Interaction Mechanism. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070946. [PMID: 34202624 PMCID: PMC8309019 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalt coordination complexes are very attractive compounds for their therapeutic uses as antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, or antitumor agents. Two Co(III) complexes with diamine chelate ligands ([CoCl2(dap)2]Cl (1) and [CoCl2(en)2]Cl (2)) (where dap = 1,3-diaminopropane, en = ethylenediamine) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, an ATR technique, and a scan method and sequentially tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration results revealed that anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria were found to be the most sensitive; the serial passages assay presented insignificant increases in bacterial resistance to both compounds after 20 passages. The synergy assay showed a significant reduction in the MIC values of nalidixic acid when combined with Compounds (1) or (2). The assessment of cell damage by the complexes was performed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy, which indicated cell membrane permeability, deformation, and altered cell morphology. DNA interaction studies of the Co(III) complexes with plasmid pBR322 using spectrophotometric titration methods revealed that the interaction between Complex (1) or (2) and DNA suggested an electrostatic and intercalative mode of binding, respectively. Furthermore, the DNA cleavage ability of compounds by agarose gel electrophoresis showed nuclease activity for both complexes. The results suggest that the effect of the tested compounds against bacteria can be complex.
Collapse
|
30
|
Biernasiuk A, Banasiewicz A, Masłyk M, Martyna A, Janeczko M, Baranowska-Łączkowska A, Malm A, Łączkowski KZ. Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Novel Dicyclopropyl-Thiazole Compounds as Nontoxic and Promising Antifungals. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3500. [PMID: 34201678 PMCID: PMC8269541 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to search for new antifungals, especially for the treatment of the invasive Candida infections, caused mainly by C. albicans. These infections are steadily increasing at an alarming rate, mostly among immunocompromised patients. The newly synthesized compounds (3a-3k) were characterized by physicochemical parameters and investigated for antimicrobial activity using the microdilution broth method to estimate minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Additionally, their antibiofilm activity and mode of action together with the effect on the membrane permeability in C. albicans were investigated. Biofilm biomass and its metabolic activity were quantitatively measured using crystal violet (CV) staining and tetrazolium salt (XTT) reduction assay. The cytotoxic effect on normal human lung fibroblasts and haemolytic effect were also evaluated. The results showed differential activity of the compounds against yeasts (MIC = 0.24-500 µg/mL) and bacteria (MIC = 125-1000 µg/mL). Most compounds possessed strong antifungal activity (MIC = 0.24-7.81 µg/mL). The compounds 3b, 3c and 3e, showed no inhibitory (at 1/2 × MIC) and eradication (at 8 × MIC) effect on C. albicans biofilm. Only slight decrease in the biofilm metabolic activity was observed for compound 3b. Moreover, the studied compounds increased the permeability of the membrane/cell wall of C. albicans and their mode of action may be related to action within the fungal cell wall structure and/or within the cell membrane. It is worth noting that the compounds had no cytotoxicity effect on pulmonary fibroblasts and erythrocytes at concentrations showing anticandidal activity. The present studies in vitro confirm that these derivatives appear to be a very promising group of antifungals for further preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Biernasiuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Banasiewicz
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (K.Z.Ł.)
| | - Maciej Masłyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1i, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (A.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Aleksandra Martyna
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1i, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (A.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Monika Janeczko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1i, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (A.M.); (M.J.)
| | | | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Z. Łączkowski
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (K.Z.Ł.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Namvar Erbani S, Madanchi H, Ajodani Far H, Rostamian M, Rahmati S, Shabani AA. First report of antifungal activity of CecropinA-Magenin2 (CE-MA) hybrid peptide and its truncated derivatives. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 549:157-163. [PMID: 33676184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is limited. Modifications of peptides by in silico predictions and computational methods can lead to more accurate designs and reducing their high synthesis costs, instability, and cytotoxicity. In this study, the antifungal properties of CecropinA-Magenin2 (CE-MA) hybrid peptide and its truncated derivatives were evaluated. Eleven C-terminal-truncated derivatives were designed and three of them with 10, 8 and 6 residues namely CMt1, CMt2 and CMt3 were selected through an initial screening based on the prediction of antimicrobial and antifungal activities, toxicity and physicochemical properties. These derivatives and the parental CE-MA peptide were synthesized. Then, based on molecular docking studies, antimicrobial tests and cytotoxicity assays, CMt1 peptide was selected for further studies such as time of killing, combinatorial effects with other drugs and the mechanism of action. The results showed that CE-MA is a weak antifungal peptide but its truncated derivative, CMt1 showed a strong antifungal activity with less toxicity. The results of the ergosterol assay, confocal microscopy and FE-SEM studies indicated that invasion to cell wall and membrane components were the main antifungal mechanisms of CMt1 peptide. Altogether, here we introduce a new truncated peptide with a strong antifungal activity with less toxicity which can be a good candidate for further in vivo and clinical studies to be used as an antifungal drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Madanchi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hatef Ajodani Far
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
| | - Mosayeb Rostamian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saman Rahmati
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shabani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stevanović NL, Aleksic I, Kljun J, Skaro Bogojevic S, Veselinovic A, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Turel I, Djuran MI, Glišić BĐ. Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes with the Clinically Used Fluconazole: Comparison of Antifungal Activity and Therapeutic Potential. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:24. [PMID: 33396681 PMCID: PMC7823955 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with clinically used antifungal drug fluconazole (fcz), {[CuCl2(fcz)2].5H2O}n, 1, and {[ZnCl2(fcz)2]·2C2H5OH}n, 2, were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. The polymeric structure of the complexes comprises four fluconazole molecules monodentately coordinated via the triazole nitrogen and two chlorido ligands. With respect to fluconazole, complex 2 showed significantly higher antifungal activity against Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. All tested compounds reduced the total amount of ergosterol at subinhibitory concentrations, indicating that the mode of activity of fluconazole was retained within the complexes, which was corroborated via molecular docking with cytochrome P450 sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) as a target. Electrostatic, steric and internal energy interactions between the complexes and enzyme showed that 2 has higher binding potency to this target. Both complexes showed strong inhibition of C. albicans filamentation and biofilm formation at subinhibitory concentrations, with 2 being able to reduce the adherence of C. albicans to A549 cells in vitro. Complex 2 was able to reduce pyocyanin production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa between 10% and 25% and to inhibit its biofilm formation by 20% in comparison to the untreated control. These results suggest that complex 2 may be further examined in the mixed Candida-P. aeruginosa infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Lj. Stevanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Ivana Aleksic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.A.); (S.S.B.)
| | - Jakob Kljun
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Sanja Skaro Bogojevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.A.); (S.S.B.)
| | - Aleksandar Veselinovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18108 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.A.); (S.S.B.)
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Miloš I. Djuran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Đ. Glišić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sharma G, Kalra SK, Tejan N, Ghoshal U. Nanoparticles based therapeutic efficacy against Acanthamoeba: Updates and future prospect. Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:108008. [PMID: 32979343 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba sp. is a free living amoeba that causes severe, painful and fatal infections, viz. Acanthamoeba keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis among humans. Antimicrobial chemotherapy used against Acanthamoeba is toxic to human cells and show side effects as well. Infections due to Acanthamoeba also pose challenges towards currently used antimicrobial treatment including resistance and transformation of trophozoites to resistant cyst forms that can lead to recurrence of infection. Therapeutic agents targeting central nervous system infections caused by Acanthamoeba should be able to cross blood-brain barrier. Nanoparticles based drug delivery put forth an effective therapeutic method to overcome the limitations of currently used antimicrobial chemotherapy. In recent years, various researchers investigated the effectiveness of nanoparticles conjugated drug and/or naturally occurring plant compounds against both trophozoites and cyst form of Acanthamoeba. In the current review, a reasonable effort has been made to provide a comprehensive overview of various nanoparticles tested for their efficacy against Acanthamoeba. This review summarizes the noteworthy details of research performed to elucidate the effect of nanoparticles conjugated drugs against Acanthamoeba.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geetansh Sharma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Bajhol, District Solan, H.P, 173229, India
| | - Sonali K Kalra
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Bajhol, District Solan, H.P, 173229, India.
| | - Nidhi Tejan
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareili Road, Lucknow, U.P, 226014, India
| | - Ujjala Ghoshal
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareili Road, Lucknow, U.P, 226014, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ou YH, Du RK, Zhang SP, Ling Y, Li S, Zhao CJ, Zhang WZ, Zhang L. Synthesis, crystal structure and in vitro antifungal activity of two-dimensional silver(I)-voriconazole coordination complexes. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
35
|
Ibragimov A. Bis(3,5-dinitrobenzoato-κ O)bis(ethane-1,2-diamine-κ 2
N, N′)cadmium(II). IUCRDATA 2020; 5:x200843. [PMID: 36339790 PMCID: PMC9462251 DOI: 10.1107/s2414314620008433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the crystal structure, centrosymmetric molecules are linked through intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into sheets extending parallel to (01). During systematic investigations of bioavailability and biological action enhancement of well known compounds with low bioactivity, a new mixed-ligand metal complex, [Cd(DNBA)2(en)2)] (DNBA = 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, C7H3N2O6; en = ethylendiamine, C2H8N2), has been synthesized. The complex molecules are located on inversion centers. Two DNBA anions monodentately coordinate the CdII atom through an oxygen atom of the carboxylate group while two en molecules coordinate in a chelate fashion, resulting in a distorted O2N4 coordination set. There is a weak intramolecular hydrogen bond of 3.099 (4) Å between the non-coordinating oxygen atom of the carboxylate group and one of the en amine groups. Three relatively weak intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds associate complex molecules into sheets extending parallel to (01), which are further stabilized by π–π interactions. A Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H⋯O/O⋯H (50.2%) and H⋯H (21.1%) interactions.![]()
Collapse
|
36
|
Ibragimov A, Ashurov J, Dusmatov A, Ibragimov A. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of the ortho-rhom-bic polymorph of a Zn II complex with 3,5-di-nitro-benzoic acid and ethyl-enedi-amine. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2020; 76:1113-1116. [PMID: 32695462 PMCID: PMC7336800 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989020007938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
During systematic investigations of the biological action enhancement of well known compounds, a new metal complex, namely, bis-(3,5-di-nitro-benzoato)(ethane-1,2-di-amine)zinc(II), [Zn(C7H3N2O6)2(C2H8N2)], was synthesized and the structure of its ortho-rhom-bic form has determined. The synthesis and crystal structure of the monoclinic polymorph has previously been reported [Ibragimov et al. (2020 ▸). Rep. Uzb. Acad. Sci. 1, 45-50]. The zinc ion has a distorted tetra--hedral environment formed by two monodentate 3,5-di-nitro-benzoato anions and chelating ethyl-enedi-amine mol-ecule. In the crystal, the complex mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional network parallel to the ac plane. The Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H⋯O/O⋯H (43.4%) and O⋯C/C⋯O (17.7%) inter-actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avazbek Ibragimov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, M. Ulugbek Str., 83, Tashkent, 700125, Uzbekistan
| | - Jamshid Ashurov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, M. Ulugbek Str., 83, Tashkent, 700125, Uzbekistan
| | - Aziz Dusmatov
- Agency on Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry, Ch. Aytmatov Str., 1a, Tashkent, 10008, Uzbekistan
| | - Aziz Ibragimov
- Institute of Total and Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, M. Ulugbek Str., 77a, Tashkent, 700170, Uzbekistan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Arderne C, Batchelor KF, Uprety B, Chandran R, Abrahamse H. Reactivity trends of cobalt(III) complexes towards various amino acids based on the properties of the amino acid alkyl chains. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2020; 76:663-672. [PMID: 32624513 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229620007123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the cobalt(III) complexes dichlorido[tris(2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt(III) chloride, [CoCl2(tren)]Cl, and dichlorido(triethylenetetramine)cobalt(III) chloride, [CoCl2(trien)]Cl, towards different amino acids (L-proline, L-asparagine, L-histidine and L-aspartic acid) was explored in detail. This study presents the crystal structures of three amino acidate cobalt(III) complexes, namely, (L-prolinato-κ2N,O)[tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-κ4N,N',N'',N''']cobalt(III) diiodide monohydrate, [Co(C5H8NO2)(C6H18N4)]I2·H2O, I, (L-asparaginato-κ2N,O)[tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-κ4N,N',N'',N''']cobalt(III) chloride perchlorate, [Co(C4H7N2O3)(C6H18N4)](Cl)(ClO4), II, and (L-prolinato-κ2N,O)(triethylenetetramine-κ4N,N',N'',N''')cobalt(III) chloride perchlorate, [Co(C4H7N2O3)(C6H18N4)](Cl)(ClO4), V. The syntheses of the complexes were followed by characterization using UV-Vis spectroscopy of the reaction mixtures and the initial rates of reaction were obtained by calculating the slopes of absorbance versus time plots. The initial rates suggest a stronger reactivity and hence greater affinity of the cobalt(III) complexes towards basic amino acids. The biocompatibility of the complexes was also assessed by evaluating the cytotoxicity of the complexes on cultured normal human fibroblast cells (WS1) in vitro. The compounds were found to be nontoxic after 24 h of incubation at concentrations up to 25 mM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine Arderne
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Kyle Fraser Batchelor
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Bhawna Uprety
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Rahul Chandran
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wu Y, Wu M, Gao J, Ying C. Antifungal Activity and Mode of Action of Miltefosine Against Clinical Isolates of Candida krusei. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:854. [PMID: 32508766 PMCID: PMC7248313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida krusei attracts attention from medical professionals mainly for its intrinsic resistance to fluconazole and the limited number of drugs available to treat C. krusei vulvovaginal candidiasis. Miltefosine was demonstrated to have good antifungal activity both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we determined the susceptibility profiles of 57 clinical C. krusei isolates from vulvovaginal candidiasis patients and assessed the antifungal activity of miltefosine against C. krusei. All isolates were susceptible to voriconazole and itraconazole, whereas 1.8% of the isolates were of non-wild-type phenotype to amphotericin B. In contrast, miltefosine showed low MICs against all C. krusei isolates with fungicidal activity. The checkerboard assay showed that the synergistic effect of miltefosine in combination with amphotericin B was observed in 25% of the tested planktonic C. krusei isolates and 18.8% of the tested preformed biofilms, whereas miltefosine in combination with fluconazole showed indifferent interaction for all tested planktonic isolates. The presence of sorbitol in the broth microdilution assay did not influence the MIC values of miltefosine against C. krusei, but the presence of ergosterol increased the MIC values. Visible changes in cell content in cells treated with miltefosine were observed. We found that cells treated with miltefosine showed decreased cell viability and chromatin condensation under PI staining, which indicates that miltefosine may induce apoptosis-like cell death in C. krusei. In conclusion, we found miltefosine has a good activity against C. krusei isolates and exerts its fungicidal effect by binding to ergosterol in the cell membrane and inducing apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengying Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Ying
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Meng Y, Kang M, Li D, Wang T, Kuang Z, Ma Y. Performance of a new Candida anti-mannan IgM and IgG assays in the diagnosis of candidemia. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2020; 62:e25. [PMID: 32428065 PMCID: PMC7232961 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida is one of the most frequent pathogens of bloodstream infections, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Rapid immunological detection methods are essential in the early diagnosis of candidemia. Anti-mannan is one of host-derived biomarkers against cell wall components of Candida. We conducted this study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of two anti-mannan assays (IgM, IgG) for candidemia through the analysis of 40 candidemia patients, 48 participants with Candida colonization and 213 participants with neither Candida colonization nor Candida infections (13 patients with other bloodstream infections, 145 hospitalized patients and 55 healthy controls). The performance of the two assays were evaluated by calculating their sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity ranged from 0.78 to 0.80 for the IgM assay and 0.68 to 0.75 for the IgG assay. The specificity ranged from 0.97 to 0.98 for the IgM assay and 0.91 to 0.94 for the IgG assay. The diagnostic performance of the anti-mannan IgM assay was better than that of IgG, with higher sensitivity and specificity. Combining the two assays (positive results of single or both assays are both considered as positive) could improve the sensitivity up to 0.93 (0.79-0.98) and only slightly reduce the specificity (0.93(0.89-0.95)). The anti-mannan IgM, IgG assays are rapid and cost-effective assays that may be probably useful in the diagnosis of candidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Meng
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Kang
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziwei Kuang
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Recent Studies on the Antimicrobial Activity of Transition Metal Complexes of Groups 6–12. CHEMISTRY-SWITZERLAND 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry2020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires innovative solutions to counteract new resistance mechanisms emerging and spreading globally in infectious pathogens. Classic organic antibiotics are rapidly exhausting the structural variations available for an effective antimicrobial drug and new compounds emerging from the industrial pharmaceutical pipeline will likely have a short-term and limited impact before the pathogens can adapt. Inorganic and organometallic complexes offer the opportunity to discover and develop new active antimicrobial agents by exploiting their wide range of three-dimensional geometries and virtually infinite design possibilities that can affect their substitution kinetics, charge, lipophilicity, biological targets and modes of action. This review describes recent studies on the antimicrobial activity of transition metal complexes of groups 6–12. It focuses on the effectiveness of the metal complexes in relation to the rich structural chemical variations of the same. The aim is to provide a short vade mecum for the readers interested in the subject that can complement other reviews.
Collapse
|
41
|
Oladipo SD, Omondi B, Mocktar C. Co(III)
N
,
N
′‐diarylformamidine dithiocarbamate complexes: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structures and biological studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Segun D. Oladipo
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Westville CampusUniversity of Kwazulu‐Natal Private Bag X54001 Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Bernard Omondi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg CampusUniversity of Kwazulu‐Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health SciencesUniversity of Kwazulu‐Natal Private Bag X54001 Durban 4000 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Salazar SB, Simões RS, Pedro NA, Pinheiro MJ, Carvalho MFNN, Mira NP. An Overview on Conventional and Non-Conventional Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Candidiasis and Underlying Resistance Mechanisms in Clinical Strains. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E23. [PMID: 32050673 PMCID: PMC7151124 DOI: 10.3390/jof6010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections and, in particular, those caused by species of the Candida genus, are growing at an alarming rate and have high associated rates of mortality and morbidity. These infections, generally referred as candidiasis, range from common superficial rushes caused by an overgrowth of the yeasts in mucosal surfaces to life-threatening disseminated mycoses. The success of currently used antifungal drugs to treat candidiasis is being endangered by the continuous emergence of resistant strains, specially among non-albicans Candida species. In this review article, the mechanisms of action of currently used antifungals, with emphasis on the mechanisms of resistance reported in clinical isolates, are reviewed. Novel approaches being taken to successfully inhibit growth of pathogenic Candida species, in particular those based on the exploration of natural or synthetic chemicals or on the activity of live probiotics, are also reviewed. It is expected that these novel approaches, either used alone or in combination with traditional antifungals, may contribute to foster the identification of novel anti-Candida therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Salazar
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.B.S.); (R.S.S.); (N.A.P.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Rita S. Simões
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.B.S.); (R.S.S.); (N.A.P.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Nuno A. Pedro
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.B.S.); (R.S.S.); (N.A.P.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Maria Joana Pinheiro
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.B.S.); (R.S.S.); (N.A.P.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Maria Fernanda N. N. Carvalho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Nuno P. Mira
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.B.S.); (R.S.S.); (N.A.P.); (M.J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Martin F, Pop M, Kacso I, Grosu IG, Miclăuş M, Vodnar D, Lung I, Filip GA, Olteanu ED, Moldovan R, Nagy A, Filip X, Bâldea I. Ketoconazole- p-aminobenzoic Acid Cocrystal: Revival of an Old Drug by Crystal Engineering. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:919-932. [PMID: 31986050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The 1:1 cocrystal of the antifungal agent ketoconazole with p-aminobenzoic acid was successfully crystallized and systematically characterized by a physical and pharmacological point of view. Crystal structure determination confirmed the cocrystal identity, giving full insight in its crystal packing and degree of disorder. Powder dissolution measurements revealed a 10-fold aqueous solubility increase that induces a 6.7-fold oral bioavailability improvement compared to ketoconazole. In vitro cell assays showed a good toxicity profile of the cocrystal with lower oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced antifungal activity against several Candida species. The in vivo study of the cocrystal indicated similar pharmacokinetic profiles and liver toxicity with increased transaminases, as reported for ketoconazole. Notably, besides minor signs of inflammation, no morphological changes in liver parenchyma or signs of fibrosis and necrosis were detected. The enhanced solubility and oral bioavailability of the cocrystal over ketoconazole, together with the improved antifungal activity and good in vitro/in vivo toxicity, indicate its potential use as an alternative antifungal agent to the parent drug. Our results bring evidence of cocrystallization as a successful approach for bioavailability improvement of poorly soluble drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Martin
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Pop
- TeraCrystal, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Irina Kacso
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Georgeta Grosu
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Miclăuş
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ildiko Lung
- Physics of Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 1, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elena Diana Olteanu
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 1, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Remus Moldovan
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 1, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andras Nagy
- Department of Toxicology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Xenia Filip
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Bâldea
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 1, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Effects of Shape and Size of Cobalt Phosphate Nanoparticles against Acanthamoeba castellanii. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040260. [PMID: 31766722 PMCID: PMC6963488 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T4 genotype Acanthamoeba are opportunistic pathogens that cause two types of infections, including vision-threatening Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and a fatal brain infection known as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). Due to the existence of ineffective treatments against Acanthamoeba, it has become a potential threat to all contact lens users and immunocompromised patients. Metal nanoparticles have been proven to have various antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Previously, different types of cobalt nanoparticles showed some promise as anti-acanthamoebic agents. In this study, the objectives were to synthesize and characterize the size, morphology, and crystalline structure of cobalt phosphate nanoparticles, as well as to determine the effects of different sizes of cobalt metal-based nanoparticles against A. castellanii. Cobalt phosphate octahydrate (CHP), Co3(PO4)2•8H2O, was synthesized by ultrasonication using a horn sonicator, then three different sizes of cobalt phosphates Co3(PO4)2 were produced through calcination of Co3(PO4)2•8H2O at 200 °C, 400 °C and 600 °C (CP2, CP4, CP6). These three types of cobalt phosphate nanoparticles were characterized using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Next, the synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to biological assays to investigate their amoebicidal, amoebistatic, anti-encystation, and anti-excystation effects against A. castellanii, as well as cell cytotoxicity. The overall results showed that 1.30 ± 0.70 µm of CHP microflakes demonstrated the best anti-acanthemoebic effects at 100 µg/mL, followed by 612.50 ± 165.94 nm large CP6 nanograins. However, amongst the three tested cobalt phosphates, Co3(PO4)2, the smaller nanoparticles had stronger antiamoebic effects against A. castellanii. During cell cytotoxicity analysis, CHP exhibited only 15% cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, whereas CP6 caused 46% (the highest) cell cytotoxicity at the highest concentration, respectively. Moreover, the composition and morphology of nanoparticles is suggested to be important in determining their anti-acathamoebic effects. However, the molecular mechanisms of cobalt phosphate nanoparticles are still unidentified. Nevertheless, the results suggested that cobalt phosphate nanoparticles hold potential for development of nanodrugs against Acanthamoeba.
Collapse
|
45
|
Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, and determination of the lipophilicity of ((cyclohex-3-enylmethylene)hydrazinyl)thiazole derivatives. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Synthesis and investigation of antimicrobial activity of fifteen novel thiazoles containing cyclohexene moiety are presented. Among the derivatives, compounds 3a–3d, 3f, 3n, and 3o showed very strong activity against the reference Candida spp. strains with MIC = 0.015–3.91 µg/ml. The activity of these compounds is similar and even higher than the activity of nystatin used as positive control. Compounds 3d, 3f, 3n, 3o showed the highest activity with very strong effect towards most of yeasts isolated from clinical materials with MIC = 0.015–7.81 µg/ml. The cytotoxicity studies for the most active compounds showed that Candida spp. growth was inhibited at noncytotoxic concentrations for the mammalian L929 fibroblast. In addition, a good correlation was obtained between lipophilicity of compounds determined using reversed phase thin-layer chromatography and their antifungal activity.
Collapse
|
46
|
Lycorine Hydrochloride Inhibits the Virulence Traits of Candida albicans. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1851740. [PMID: 31275963 PMCID: PMC6582861 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1851740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans causes a severe health burden while the biofilms formed by C. albicans present a kind of infections that are hard to cure, highlighting the pressing need for new antifungal drugs against C. albicans. This study was to explore the antifungal activities of lycorine hydrochloride (LH) against C. albicans. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of LH against C. albicans SC5314 was 64 μM. Below its MIC, LH demonstrated antivirulence property by suppressing adhesion, filamentation, biofilm formation, and development, as well as the production of extracellular phospholipase and exopolymeric substances (EPS). The cytotoxicity of LH against mammalian cells was low, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) above 256 μM. Moreover, LH showed a synergistic effect with AmB, although its interaction with fluconazole, as well as caspofungin, was indifferent. Thus, our study reports the potential use of LH, alone or in combination with current antifungal drugs, to fight C. albicans infections.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Pervasive fungal infection among the immunocompromised population, in conjunction with a lack of effective treatment options, has demanded further scrutiny. Millions of people are still dying annually from fungal infections. While existing treatment for these fungal infections exists, it is difficult to administer without adverse effects in the immunocompromised and is slowly becoming obsolete due to varying mutation rates and rising resistance in multiple species. Thus, vaccines may be a viable target for preventing and treating fungal infections and addressing the critical challenge of such infections.
Recent Findings
Candida albicans, along with other non-albicans Candida species, is among the more virulent class of fungal specimens considered for vaccine development. C. albicans is responsible for a large percentage of invasive fungal infections among immunocompromised and immunocompetent populations and carries a relatively high mortality rate. In the last decade, a recent increase in infective capacity among Candida species has shed light on the lack of adequate fungal vaccine choices. While roadblocks still exist in the development of antifungal vaccines, several novel targets have been examined and proposed as candidates.
Summary
Success in vaccine development has universal appeal; an anti-Candida vaccine formulation could be modified to work against other fungal infections and thus bolster the antifungal pipeline.
Collapse
|