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Miller SA, Testen AL, Jacobs JM, Ivey MLL. Mitigating Emerging and Reemerging Diseases of Fruit and Vegetable Crops in a Changing Climate. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:917-929. [PMID: 38170665 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-23-0393-kc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable crops are important sources of nutrition and income globally. Producing these high-value crops requires significant investment of often scarce resources, and, therefore, the risks associated with climate change and accompanying disease pressures are especially important. Climate change influences the occurrence and pressure of plant diseases, enabling new pathogens to emerge and old enemies to reemerge. Specific environmental changes attributed to climate change, particularly temperature fluctuations and intense rainfall events, greatly alter fruit and vegetable disease incidence and severity. In turn, fruit and vegetable microbiomes, and subsequently overall plant health, are also affected by climate change. Changing disease pressures cause growers and researchers to reassess disease management and climate change adaptation strategies. Approaches such as climate smart integrated pest management, smart sprayer technology, protected culture cultivation, advanced diagnostics, and new soilborne disease management strategies are providing new tools for specialty crops growers. Researchers and educators need to work closely with growers to establish fruit and vegetable production systems that are resilient and responsive to changing climates. This review explores the effects of climate change on specialty food crops, pathogens, insect vectors, and pathosystems, as well as adaptations needed to ensure optimal plant health and environmental and economic sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Anna L Testen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Application Technology Research Unit, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Jonathan M Jacobs
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Mannaa M, Han G, Jung H, Park J, Kim JC, Park AR, Seo YS. Aureobasidium pullulans Treatment Mitigates Drought Stress in Abies koreana via Rhizosphere Microbiome Modulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3653. [PMID: 37896116 PMCID: PMC10610362 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The Korean fir tree Abies koreana, an endangered species in Korea, faces threats primarily from climate change-induced stress and drought. This study proposed a sustainable method to enhance A. koreana drought tolerance using a black yeast-like fungus identified as Aureobasidium pullulans (AK10). The 16S/ITS metabarcoding analysis assessed the impact of drought and AK10 treatment on the seedlings' rhizosphere microbiome. Results revealed a profound drought influence on the microbiome, particularly affecting fungal mycobiota. Drought-stressed seedlings exhibited elevated Agaricaceae levels, opportunistic fungi generally associated with decomposition. AK10 treatment significantly mitigated this proliferation and increased the relative abundance of beneficial fungi like Cystofilobasidium and Mortierella, known biocontrol agents and phosphate solubilizers. A notable reduction in the phytopathogenic Fusarium levels was observed with AK10, alongside an increase in beneficial bacteria, including Azospirillum and Nitrospirillum. Furthermore, the conducted correlation analysis shed light on microbial interrelationships within the rhizosphere, elucidating potential co-associations and antagonisms. Taken together, the isolated A. pullulans AK10 identified in this study serves as a potential biostimulant, enhancing the drought tolerance in A. koreana through beneficial alterations in the rhizosphere microbiome. This approach presents a promising strategy for the conservation of this endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mannaa
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (M.M.); (G.H.); (H.J.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Gil Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (M.M.); (G.H.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (M.M.); (G.H.); (H.J.)
| | - Jungwook Park
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (J.-C.K.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Ae Ran Park
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (J.-C.K.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (M.M.); (G.H.); (H.J.)
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3
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de Vries F, Lau J, Hawkes C, Semchenko M. Plant-soil feedback under drought: does history shape the future? Trends Ecol Evol 2023:S0169-5347(23)00054-X. [PMID: 36973124 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is widely recognised as a driver of plant community composition, but understanding of its response to drought remains in its infancy. Here, we provide a conceptual framework for the role of drought in PSF, considering plant traits, drought severity, and historical precipitation over ecological and evolutionary timescales. Comparing experimental studies where plants and microbes do or do not share a drought history (through co-sourcing or conditioning), we hypothesise that plants and microbes with a shared drought history experience more positive PSF under subsequent drought. To reflect real-world responses to drought, future studies need to explicitly include plant-microbial co-occurrence and potential co-adaptation and consider the precipitation history experienced by both plants and microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciska de Vries
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jennifer Lau
- Department of Biology and Environmental Resilience Institute, Indiana University, IN, USA
| | - Christine Hawkes
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Marina Semchenko
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
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Buchenau N, van Kleunen M, Wilschut RA. Direct and legacy‐mediated drought effects on plant performance are species‐specific and depend on soil community composition. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Buchenau
- Dept of Biology, Univ. of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Univ. Taizhou China
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5
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Major Biological Control Strategies for Plant Pathogens. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020273. [PMID: 35215215 PMCID: PMC8879208 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Food security has become a major concern worldwide in recent years due to ever increasing population. Providing food for the growing billions without disturbing environmental balance is incessantly required in the current scenario. In view of this, sustainable modes of agricultural practices offer better promise and hence are gaining prominence recently. Moreover, these methods have taken precedence currently over chemical-based methods of pest restriction and pathogen control. Adoption of Biological Control is one such crucial technique that is currently in the forefront. Over a period of time, various biocontrol strategies have been experimented with and some have exhibited great success and promise. This review highlights the different methods of plant-pathogen control, types of plant pathogens, their modus operandi and various biocontrol approaches employing a range of microorganisms and their byproducts. The study lays emphasis on the use of upcoming methodologies like microbiome management and engineering, phage cocktails, genetically modified biocontrol agents and microbial volatilome as available strategies to sustainable agricultural practices. More importantly, a critical analysis of the various methods enumerated in the paper indicates the need to amalgamate these techniques in order to improve the degree of biocontrol offered by them.
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Li J, Zhang C, Qu X, Luo Z, Lu S, Kuzyakov Y, Alharbi HA, Yuan J, Niu G. Microbial Communities and Functions in the Rhizosphere of Disease-Resistant and Susceptible Camellia spp. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:732905. [PMID: 34733251 PMCID: PMC8558623 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.732905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil tea (Camellia spp.) is endemic to the hilly regions in the subtropics. Camellia yuhsienensis is resistant to diseases such as anthracnose and root rot, while Camellia oleifera is a high-yield species but susceptible to these diseases. We hypothesize that differences in the rhizosphere microbial communities and functions will elucidate the resistance mechanisms of these species. We used high-throughput sequencing over four seasons to characterize the rhizosphere microbiome of C. oleifera (Rhizo-Sus) and C. yuhsienensis (Rhizo-Res) and of the bulk soil control (BulkS). In Rhizo-Res, bacterial richness and diversity (Shannon index) in autumn and winter were both higher than that in Rhizo-Sus. In Rhizo-Res, fungal richness in autumn and winter and diversity in summer, autumn, and winter were higher than that in Rhizo-Sus. The seasonal variations in bacterial community structure were different, while that of fungal community structure were similar between Rhizo-Res and Rhizo-Sus. Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and stress-tolerant bacteria were the dominant groups in Rhizo-Sus, while Gram-negative bacteria were the dominant group in Rhizo-Res. The significant differences in bacterial and fungal functions between Rhizo-Sus and Rhizo-Res were as follows: (1) in Rhizo-Sus, there were three bacterial and four fungal groups with plant growth promoting potentials, such as Brevibacterium epidermidis and Oidiodendron maius, and one bacterium and three fungi with pathogenic potentials, such as Gryllotalpicola sp. and Cyphellophora sessilis; (2) in Rhizo-Res, there were also three bacteria and four fungal groups with plant-growth-promoting potentials (e.g., Acinetobacter lwoffii and Cenococcum geophilum) but only one phytopathogen (Schizophyllum commune). In summary, the rhizosphere microbiome of disease-resistant C. yuhsienensis is characterized by a higher richness and diversity of microbial communities, more symbiotic fungal communities, and fewer pathogens compared to the rhizosphere of high-yield but disease-susceptible C. oleifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xinjing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ziqiong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Agro-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Hattan A Alharbi
- College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Genhua Niu
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Dallas, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, United States
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Durán P, Tortella G, Sadowsky MJ, Viscardi S, Barra PJ, Mora MDLL. Engineering Multigenerational Host-Modulated Microbiota against Soilborne Pathogens in Response to Global Climate Change. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:865. [PMID: 34571742 PMCID: PMC8472835 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Crop migration caused by climatic events has favored the emergence of new soilborne diseases, resulting in the colonization of new niches (emerging infectious diseases, EIDs). Soilborne pathogens are extremely persistent in the environment. This is in large part due to their ability to reside in the soil for a long time, even without a host plant, using survival several strategies. In this regard, disease-suppressive soils, characterized by a low disease incidence due to the presence of antagonist microorganisms, can be an excellent opportunity for the study mechanisms of soil-induced immunity, which can be applied in the development of a new generation of bioinoculants. Therefore, here we review the main effects of climate change on crops and pathogens, as well as the potential use of soil-suppressive microbiota as a natural source of biocontrol agents. Based on results of previous studies, we also propose a strategy for the optimization of microbiota assemblages, selected using a host-mediated approach. This process involves an increase in and prevalence of specific taxa during the transition from a conducive to a suppressive soil. This strategy could be used as a model to engineer microbiota assemblages for pathogen suppression, as well as for the reduction of abiotic stresses created due to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Durán
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (P.J.B.); (M.d.l.L.M.)
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Tortella
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA-BIOREN), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Michael J. Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Sharon Viscardi
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco 4813302, Chile;
| | - Patricio Javier Barra
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (P.J.B.); (M.d.l.L.M.)
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Maria de la Luz Mora
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (P.J.B.); (M.d.l.L.M.)
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Schmidt R, Saha M. Infochemicals in terrestrial plants and seaweed holobionts: current and future trends. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1852-1860. [PMID: 32984975 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the holobiont concept came into the limelight ten years ago, we have become aware that responses of holobionts to climate change stressors may be driven by shifts in the microbiota. However, the complex interactions underlying holobiont responses across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems remain largely unresolved. One of the key factors driving these responses is the infochemical-mediated communication in the holobiont. In order to come up with a holistic picture, in this Viewpoint we compare mechanisms and infochemicals in the rhizosphere of plants and the eco-chemosphere of seaweeds in response to climate change stressors and other environmental stressors, including drought, warming and nutrient stress. Furthermore, we discuss the inclusion of chemical ecology concepts that are of crucial importance in driving holobiont survival, adaptation and/or holobiont breakdown. Infochemicals can thus be regarded as a 'missing link' in our understanding of holobiont response to climate change and should be investigated while investigating the responses of plant and seaweed holobionts to climate change. This will set the basis for improving our understanding of holobiont responses to climate change stressors across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institut Armand Frappier, Montreal, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Mahasweta Saha
- Marine Ecology and Biodiversity, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
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9
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Can Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation (ASD) be a Game Changer in Tropical Agriculture? Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020133. [PMID: 33525615 PMCID: PMC7911048 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic soil disinfection (ASD) has been identified as an alternative soil-borne pathogen control strategy to chemical fumigation. ASD involves the application of an easily liable carbon source followed by irrigation to field capacity and maintenance of an anaerobic condition for a certain period. A literature search undertaken on ASD found that more than 50 comprehensive research projects have been conducted since its first discovery in 2000. Most of these studies were conducted in the USA and in the Netherlands. Though the exact mechanism of ASD in pathogen control is unknown, promising results have been reported against a wide range of pathogens such as fungi, nematodes, protists, and oomycetes. However, it is interesting to note that, except for a few studies, ASD research in the developing world and in the tropical countries has lagged behind. Nevertheless, with soil quality depletion, reduction in arable lands, and exponential population growth, a drastic change to the current agricultural practices should be adapted since yield gain has reached a plateau for major staple crops. Under such circumstances, we identified the gaps and the potentials of ASD in tropical agricultural systems and proposed promising biodegradable materials.
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Goicoechea N. Mycorrhizal Fungi as Bioprotectors of Crops Against Verticillium Wilt-A Hypothetical Scenario Under Changing Environmental Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9111468. [PMID: 33143304 PMCID: PMC7693752 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The association that many crops can establish with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) present in soils can enhance the resistance of the host plants against several pathogens, including Verticillium spp. The increased resistance of mycorrhizal plants is mainly due to the improved nutritional and water status of crops and to enhanced antioxidant metabolism and/or increased production of secondary metabolites in the plant tissues. However, the effectiveness of AMF in protecting their host plants against Verticillium spp. may vary depending on the environmental factors. Some environmental factors, such as the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the availability of soil water and the air and soil temperatures, are predicted to change drastically by the end of the century. The present paper discusses to what extent the climate change may influence the role of AMF in protecting crops against Verticillium-induced wilt, taking into account the current knowledge about the direct and indirect effects that the changing environment can exert on AMF communities in soils and on the symbiosis between crops and AMF, as well as on the development, incidence and impact of diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Goicoechea
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Department of Environmental Biology, School of Sciences, Universidad de Navarra, Associated to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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11
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de Boer W, Li X, Meisner A, Garbeva P. Pathogen suppression by microbial volatile organic compounds in soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5527321. [PMID: 31265069 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) play an important role in interactions between microbes in soils. In this minireview, we zoom in on the possible role of mVOCs in the suppression of plant-pathogenic soil fungi. In particular, we have screened the literature to see what the actual evidence is that mVOCs in soil atmospheres can contribute to pathogen suppression. Furthermore, we discuss biotic and abiotic factors that influence the production of suppressive mVOCs in soils. Since microbes producing mVOCs in soils are part of microbial communities, community ecological aspects such as diversity and assembly play an important role in the composition of produced mVOC blends. These aspects have not received much attention so far. In addition, the fluctuating abiotic conditions in soils, such as changing moisture contents, influence mVOC production and activity. The biotic and abiotic complexity of the soil environment hampers the extrapolation of the production and suppressing activity of mVOCs by microbial isolates on artificial growth media. Yet, several pathogen suppressive mVOCs produced by pure cultures do also occur in soil atmospheres. Therefore, an integration of lab and field studies on the production of mVOCs is needed to understand and predict the composition and dynamics of mVOCs in soil atmospheres. This knowledge, together with the knowledge of the chemistry and physical behaviour of mVOCs in soils, forms the basis for the development of sustainable management strategies to enhance the natural control of soil-borne pathogens with mVOCs. Possibilities for the mVOC-based control of soil-borne pathogens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wietse de Boer
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Annelein Meisner
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Sölvegatan 37, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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12
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de Vries FT, Griffiths RI, Knight CG, Nicolitch O, Williams A. Harnessing rhizosphere microbiomes for drought-resilient crop production. Science 2020; 368:270-274. [PMID: 32299947 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz5192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Root-associated microbes can improve plant growth, and they offer the potential to increase crop resilience to future drought. Although our understanding of the complex feedbacks between plant and microbial responses to drought is advancing, most of our knowledge comes from non-crop plants in controlled experiments. We propose that future research efforts should attempt to quantify relationships between plant and microbial traits, explicitly focus on food crops, and include longer-term experiments under field conditions. Overall, we highlight the need for improved mechanistic understanding of the complex feedbacks between plants and microbes during, and particularly after, drought. This requires integrating ecology with plant, microbiome, and molecular approaches and is central to making crop production more resilient to our future climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciska T de Vries
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. .,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Christopher G Knight
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Oceane Nicolitch
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Alex Williams
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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13
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Chang X, Yan L, Naeem M, Khaskheli MI, Zhang H, Gong G, Zhang M, Song C, Yang W, Liu T, Chen W. Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping Reduces the Occurrence of Fusarium Root Rot and Changes the Diversity of the Pathogenic Fusarium Species. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030211. [PMID: 32183013 PMCID: PMC7157700 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium species are the most detrimental pathogens of soybean root rot worldwide, causing large loss in soybean production. Maize/soybean relay strip intercropping has significant advantages on the increase of crop yields and efficient use of agricultural resources, but its effects on the occurrence and pathogen population of soybean root rot are rarely known. In this study, root rot was investigated in the fields of the continuous maize/soybean strip relay intercropping and soybean monoculture. Fusarium species were isolated from diseased soybean roots and identified based on sequence analysis of translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and the diversity and pathogenicity of these species were also analyzed. Our results showed that intercropping significantly decreased soybean root rot over monoculture. A more diverse Fusarium population including Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), F. oxysporum, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, F. graminearum and F. asiaticum was identified from intercropping while FSSC, FIESC, F. oxysporum, F. commune, F. asiaticum and F. meridionale were found from monoculture. All Fusarium species caused soybean root infection but exhibited distinct aggressiveness. The most aggressive F. oxysporum was more frequently isolated in monoculture than intercropping. FSSC and FIESC were the dominant species complex and differed in their aggressiveness. Additionally, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides were specifically identified from intercropping with weak or middle aggressiveness. Except for F. graminearum, F. meridionale and F. asiaticum were firstly reported to cause soybean root rot in China. This study indicates maize/soybean relay strip intercropping can reduce soybean root rot, change the diversity and aggressiveness of Fusarium species, which provides an important reference for effective management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.C.); (H.Z.); (T.L.)
- College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping system, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China; (L.Y.); (M.N.); (G.G.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Li Yan
- College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping system, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China; (L.Y.); (M.N.); (G.G.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Muhammd Naeem
- College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping system, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China; (L.Y.); (M.N.); (G.G.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan;
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.C.); (H.Z.); (T.L.)
| | - Guoshu Gong
- College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping system, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China; (L.Y.); (M.N.); (G.G.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping system, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China; (L.Y.); (M.N.); (G.G.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Chun Song
- College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping system, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China; (L.Y.); (M.N.); (G.G.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping system, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China; (L.Y.); (M.N.); (G.G.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Taiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.C.); (H.Z.); (T.L.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianshui 741000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.C.); (H.Z.); (T.L.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianshui 741000, Gansu Province, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62815618; Fax: +86-10-62895365
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Rain induces temporary shifts in epiphytic bacterial communities of cucumber and tomato fruit. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1765. [PMID: 32020033 PMCID: PMC7000718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding weather-related drivers of crop plant-microbiome relationships is important for food security and food safety in the face of a changing climate. Cucumber and tomato are commercially important commodities that are susceptible to plant disease and have been implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks. To investigate the influence of precipitation on plant-associated microbiomes, epiphytically associated bacterial communities of cucumber and tomato samples were profiled by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing (V1-V3) in the days surrounding two rain events over a 17-day period. Following rain, α (within-sample) diversity measured on cucumber and tomato fruit surfaces, but not tomato leaf surfaces, increased significantly and remained elevated for several days. Bacterial β (between-sample) diversity on cucumber and tomato fruit responded to precipitation. In the cucumber fruit surface (carpoplane), notable shifts in the families Xanthomonadaceae, Oxalobacteriaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae and Comamonadaceae were detected following precipitation. In the tomato carpoplane, shifts were detected in the families Enterobacteriaceae and Xanthomonadaceae following the first rain event, and in the Pseudomonadaceae and Oxalobacteriaceae following the second rain event. Few taxonomic shifts were detected in the tomato leaf surface (phylloplane). Exploring rain-induced shifts in plant microbiomes is highly relevant to crop protection, food safety and agroecology, and can aid in devising ways to enhance crop resilience to stresses and climate fluctuations.
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