1
|
Gonçalves S, Feckler A, Pollitt A, Baschien C, Michael J, Schreiner VC, Zubrod JP, Bundschuh M. Elevated Fungicide and Nutrient Concentrations Change Structure but not Function of Aquatic Microbial Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1300-1311. [PMID: 38695738 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Leaf decomposition is a key process in stream ecosystems within forested catchments; it is driven by microbial communities, particularly fungi and bacteria. These microorganisms make nutrients and energy bound in leaves available for wider parts of the food web. Leaf-associated microorganisms are subjected to anthropogenic pressures, such as the increased exposure to nutrients and fungicides associated with land-use change. We assessed the sensitivity of leaf-associated microbial communities with differing exposure histories, namely, from pristine (P) streams, and streams impacted by wastewater (W) and agricultural run-off (vineyards; V). In the laboratory, microbial communities were exposed to elevated nutrient (NO3-N: 0.2-18.0 mg/L, PO4-P: 0.02-1.8 mg/L) and fungicide concentrations (sum concentration 0-300 µg/L) in a fully crossed 3 × 4 × 4-factorial design over 21 days. Leaf decomposition and exoenzyme activity were measured as functional endpoints, and fungal community composition and microbial abundance served as structural variables. Overall, leaf decomposition did not differ between fungicide treatments or exposure histories. Nonetheless, substantial changes in the fungal community composition were observed after exposure to environmentally relevant fungicide concentrations. Elevated nutrient concentrations assisted leaf decomposition, and the effect size depended on the exposure history. The observed changes in the fungal community composition support the principle of functional redundancy, with highly efficient decomposers maintaining leaf decomposition. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1300-1311. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gonçalves
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Sciences and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Feckler
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station (EERES), RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Annika Pollitt
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Christiane Baschien
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julian Michael
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | | | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morin S, Artigas J. Twenty Years of Research in Ecosystem Functions in Aquatic Microbial Ecotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1867-1888. [PMID: 37401851 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the major threats to freshwater biodiversity is water pollution including excessive loads of nutrients, pesticides, industrial chemicals, and/or emerging contaminants. The widespread use of organic pesticides for agricultural and nonagricultural (industry, gardening, etc.) purposes has resulted in the presence of their residues in various environments, including surface waters. However, the contribution of pesticides to the deterioration of freshwater ecosystems (i.e., biodiversity decline and ecosystem functions impairment) remains uncertain. Once in the aquatic environment, pesticides and their metabolites can interact with microbial communities, causing undesirable effects. The existing legislation on ecological quality assessment of water bodies in Europe is based on water chemical quality and biological indicator species (Water Framework Directive, Pesticides Directive), while biological functions are not yet included in monitoring programs. In the present literature review, we analyze 20 years (2000-2020) of research on ecological functions provided by microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems. We describe the set of ecosystem functions investigated in these studies and the range of endpoints used to establish causal relationships between pesticide exposure and microbial responses. We focus on studies addressing the effects of pesticides at environmentally realistic concentrations and at the microbial community level to inform the ecological relevance of the ecotoxicological assessment. Our literature review highlights that most studies were performed using benthic freshwater organisms and that autotrophic and heterotrophic communities are most often studied separately, usually testing the pesticides that target the main microbial component (i.e., herbicides for autotrophs and fungicides for heterotrophs). Overall, most studies demonstrate deleterious impacts on the functions studied, but our review points to the following shortcomings: (1) the nonsystematic analysis of microbial functions supporting aquatic ecosystems functioning, (2) the study of ecosystem functions (i.e., nutrient cycling) via proxies (i.e., potential extracellular enzymatic activity measurements) which are sometimes disconnected from the current ecosystem functions, and (3) the lack of consideration of chronic exposures to assess the impact of, adaptations to, or recovery of aquatic microbial communities from pesticides. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1867-1888. © 2023 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Artigas
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lebrun JD, El Kouch S, Guenne A, Tournebize J. Screening potential toxicity of currently used herbicides in the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum based on multi-level biomarker responses to field-realistic exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:120985. [PMID: 36592881 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are widely used to control weeds and maximize crop growth. Because of agricultural runoff, these chemicals are potentially hazardous to aquatic wildlife. However, their ecotoxicity and resulting disturbance in individual performance remain scarcely documented in freshwater crustaceans. This study aimed to screen the potential toxicity of currently used herbicides in the ecosystem engineer Gammarus fossarum using multi-level biomarkers. In microcosms, gammarids were exposed for 72 h to 12 herbicides individually (quinmerac, mesotrione, bentazone, isoproturon, chlortoluron, metazachlor, chloridazone, diflufenican, flufenacet, aclonifen, prosulfocarb and metolachlor) at a field-realistic concentration (i.e. 10 μg/L). The sublethal effects were assessed by monitoring several biochemical, physiological and behavioural traits. In exposed gammarids, alterations in behavioural activities were observed, i.e. increased locomotion and respiration as a general trend. Moreover, biochemical biomarkers suggested herbicide-dependent disruptions in moulting, antioxidant responses and cell integrity. Integrating multi-metric variations through statistical analyses allowed us to identify herbicide clusters likely to trigger common sets of biological responses. Depressed antioxidant defence at the cell level and impaired respiration at the individual level were the predominant toxic effects of herbicides, related to their hydrophobic feature. Furthermore, establishing relationships between sublethal alterations in gammarids and acute lethality or chronic toxicity values defined for regulatory purposes supports the relevance of these alterations as early warnings of toxicity. Our findings demonstrate that currently used herbicides have unexpected toxicological effects in a non-target wild animal, with possible long-term alterations in population dynamics and associated ecological functions, which constitute promising diagnostic tools for risk assessment in agricultural areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie D Lebrun
- University of Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR HYCAR - Artemhys, 92761 Antony, France.
| | - Sabry El Kouch
- University of Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR HYCAR - Artemhys, 92761 Antony, France
| | - Angéline Guenne
- University of Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR PROSE - Pôle Chimie, 92761 Antony, France
| | - Julien Tournebize
- University of Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR HYCAR - Artemhys, 92761 Antony, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mutshekwa T, Mugwedi L, Wasserman RJ, Cuthbert RN, Dondofema F, Dalu T. Pesticides drive differential leaf litter decomposition and mosquito colonisation dynamics in lentic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156320. [PMID: 35640753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global contamination of freshwater ecosystems by chemical compounds, such as pesticides, may exert high pressure on biologically-driven organic matter decomposition. These pollutants may also impair the quality of organic substrates for colonising invertebrates and reduce primary productivity by decreasing the abundance of phytoplankton. In southern Africa, increasing pesticide usage associated with macadamia plantations, in particular, presents a growing risk to freshwater ecosystems. Here, we examined macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) leaf litter decomposition following exposure to three pesticides (i.e., Karate Zeon 10 CS (lambda-cyhalothrin), Mulan 20 AS (acetamiprid), Pyrinex 250 CS (chlorpyrifos)) used commonly in macadamia plantations, via an ex-situ microcosm approach. We examined mosquito colonisation of these microcosms as semi-aquatic macroinvertebrates which form a significant component of aquatic communities within standing waters. Macadamia leaf litter tended to decompose faster when exposed to Karate and Pyrinex pesticide treatments. Additionally, chlorophyll-a, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and pH differed among pesticide treatments and controls, with pesticides (Karate Zeon and Mulan) tending to reduce chlorophyll-a concentrations. Overall, pesticide treatments promoted mosquito (i.e., Culex spp.) and pupal abundances. In terms of dominant aquatic mosquito group abundances (i.e., Anopheles spp., Culex spp.), the effect of pesticides differed significantly among pesticide types, with Pyrinex and Mulan treatments having higher mosquito abundances in comparison to Karate Zeon and pesticide-free treatments. These findings collectively demonstrate that common pesticides used in the macadamia plantation may exert pressure on adjacent freshwater communities by shaping leaf-litter decomposition, semi-aquatic macroinvertebrate colonisation dynamics, and chlorophyll-a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thendo Mutshekwa
- Aquatic Systems Research Group, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa.
| | - Lutendo Mugwedi
- Aquatic Systems Research Group, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Ryan J Wasserman
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Ross N Cuthbert
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - Farai Dondofema
- Aquatic Systems Research Group, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Tatenda Dalu
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa; Wissenshaftskolleg zu Berlin Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin 14193, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jabiol J, Chauvet E, Guérold F, Bouquerel J, Usseglio-Polatera P, Artigas J, Margoum C, Le Dréau M, Moreira A, Mazzella N, Gouy V. The combination of chemical, structural, and functional indicators to evaluate the anthropogenic impacts on agricultural stream ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29296-29313. [PMID: 34647214 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater contamination by pesticides in agricultural landscapes is of increasing concern worldwide, with strong pesticide impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and ultimately human health (drinking water, fishing). In addition, the excessively large number of substances, as well as their low - and temporally variable - concentrations in water, make the chemical monitoring by grab sampling very demanding and not fully representative of the actual contamination. Tools that integrate temporal variations and that are ecologically relevant are clearly needed to improve the monitoring of freshwater contamination and assess its biological effects. Here, we studied pesticide contamination and its biological impacts in 10 stream sections (sites) belonging to 3 agricultural catchments in France. In each site, we deployed a combination of pesticide integrative samplers, biocenotic indicators based on benthic macroinvertebrates, and functional indicators based on leaf litter decomposition and associated fungal communities. The 3 approaches largely proved complementary: structural and functional indicators did not respond equally to different agricultural impacts such as pesticide contamination (as revealed by integrative samplers), nutrients, or oxygen depletion. Combining chemical, structural, and functional indicators thus seems an excellent strategy to provide a comprehensive picture of agricultural impacts on stream ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Jabiol
- HYFE (Hydrobiologie Et Fonctionnement Des Ecosystèmes), Elven, France.
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, Toulouse, France.
- LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Metz, France.
- Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome Et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Eric Chauvet
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, Toulouse, France
| | - François Guérold
- LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Metz, France
| | - Jonathan Bouquerel
- LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Metz, France
| | - Philippe Usseglio-Polatera
- LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Metz, France
| | - Joan Artigas
- Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome Et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carl S, Mohr S, Sahm R, Baschien C. Laboratory conditions can change the complexity and composition of the natural aquatic mycobiome on Alnus glutinosa leaf litter. FUNGAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
7
|
Lebrun JD, De Jesus K, Tournebize J. Individual performances and biochemical pathways as altered by field-realistic exposures of current-use fungicides and their mixtures in a non-target species, Gammarus fossarum. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130277. [PMID: 33774253 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persistent fungicides, which are widely applied to agricultural soils to protect crops, are frequently detected in freshwaters because of hydraulic transfer, possibly resulting in unintentional adverse effects on wildlife. However, the ecotoxicity of fungicides in aquatic species remains scarcely assessed at environmentally relevant concentrations, and there is scant information available on their combined effects. This study aims at investigating multi-level changes elicited by two currently used fungicides, boscalid and tebuconazole, in the amphipod Gammarus fossarum. In microcosms, gammarids were exposed for 72 h to fungicides tested individually or in binary mixture at 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 μg/L to monitor individual performances (locomotion, respiration and amplexus formation) and biochemical parameters (involved in energy metabolism, growth, moulting and cell stress). This range of exposure concentrations was field-realistic and largely lower than local environmental quality standards for the protection of aquatic wildlife. Overall, results showed that single and combined exposures altered the mobility and respiratory activity of individuals. At the cellular level, boscalid inhibited energy-based biomarkers whereas tebuconazole led to cytotoxicity associated with reduced antioxidant defences. In binary mixtures, the biochemical responses were mainly driven by the presence of boscalid. Multi-variable analyses, integrating individual alterations and cellular impairments alike, confirmed the relevance of the multi-level approach in forecasting the toxicity of fungicides and their mixtures towards other aquatic species. This study demonstrates dose-related sublethal effects of fungicides on multiple functional traits in an ecosystem engineer under realistic exposure scenarios, highlighting the harmful signs of these toxicants. Such sublethal alterations could thus constitute reliable tools for the early diagnosis of the organisms' health and the ecological status of agriculturally impacted hydrosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie D Lebrun
- University of Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR HYCAR - Artemhys, 92761, Antony, France.
| | - Kelly De Jesus
- University of Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR HYCAR - Artemhys, 92761, Antony, France
| | - Julien Tournebize
- University of Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR HYCAR - Artemhys, 92761, Antony, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen X, Wicaksono WA, Berg G, Cernava T. Bacterial communities in the plant phyllosphere harbour distinct responders to a broad-spectrum pesticide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141799. [PMID: 32889475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide application can be accompanied by harmful non-target effects that affect humans, animals, as well as whole ecosystems. However, such effects remain mainly unaddressed in connection with microorganisms, and especially bacteria therein, which are essential for ecosystem functioning and host health. We analysed bacterial communities by sequencing 16S rRNA gene fragment amplicons following spray application of a broad-spectrum fungicide based on the active ingredient N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl) succinimide on Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves. The plant's phyllosphere was predominantly colonized by Proteobacteria, with Alphaproteobacteria accounting for up to 33.8% of the indigenous bacterial community. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that pesticide applications had an effect on the core microbiome as well as the rare microbiome. Moreover, the interference of the pesticide with phyllosphere bacteria was found to be selective. We have identified four positive responders including an ASV assigned to the genus Acinetobacter and 12 negative responders mainly assigned to bacterial genera known for beneficial plant-microbe interactions, including Stenotrophomonas, Sphingomonas, Flavobacterium and Serratia. Complementary inference of bacterial functioning on community level indicated that microbes with distinct stress response systems were likely enriched in the conducted treatments. The overall findings confirmed that pesticide treatments can induce measureable shifts in non-target bacterial communities colonizing the plant phyllosphere. They also indicate that potentially beneficial bacteria, which are known for their intrinsic association with plants, are among the most sensitive responders to the employed fungicide and thus highlight the importance of off-target studies in the context of the plant microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyulong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China; College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Wisnu Adi Wicaksono
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, 550025 Guiyang, China; Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bonnineau C, Artigas J, Chaumet B, Dabrin A, Faburé J, Ferrari BJD, Lebrun JD, Margoum C, Mazzella N, Miège C, Morin S, Uher E, Babut M, Pesce S. Role of Biofilms in Contaminant Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer in Aquatic Ecosystems: Current State of Knowledge and Future Challenges. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 253:115-153. [PMID: 32166435 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In freshwater environments, microbial assemblages attached to submerged substrates play an essential role in ecosystem processes such as primary production, supported by periphyton, or organic matter decomposition, supported by microbial communities attached to leaf litter or sediments. These microbial assemblages, also called biofilms, are not only involved in nutrients fluxes but also in contaminants dynamics. Biofilms can accumulate metals and organic contaminants transported by the water flow and/or adsorbed onto substrates. Furthermore, due to their high metabolic activity and their role in aquatic food webs, microbial biofilms are also likely to influence contaminant fate in aquatic ecosystems. In this review, we provide (1) a critical overview of the analytical methods currently in use for detecting and quantifying metals and organic micropollutants in microbial biofilms attached to benthic substrata (rocks, sediments, leaf litter); (2) a review of the distribution of those contaminants within aquatic biofilms and the role of these benthic microbial communities in contaminant fate; (3) a set of future challenges concerning the role of biofilms in contaminant accumulation and trophic transfers in the aquatic food web. This literature review highlighted that most knowledge on the interaction between biofilm and contaminants is focused on contaminants dynamics in periphyton while technical limitations are still preventing a thorough estimation of contaminants accumulation in biofilms attached to leaf litter or sediments. In addition, microbial biofilms represent an important food resource in freshwater ecosystems, yet their role in dietary contaminant exposure has been neglected for a long time, and the importance of biofilms in trophic transfer of contaminants is still understudied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Artigas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Juliette Faburé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Versailles, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ardón M, Zeglin LH, Utz RM, Cooper SD, Dodds WK, Bixby RJ, Burdett AS, Follstad Shah J, Griffiths NA, Harms TK, Johnson SL, Jones JB, Kominoski JS, McDowell WH, Rosemond AD, Trentman MT, Van Horn D, Ward A. Experimental nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment stimulates multiple trophic levels of algal and detrital-based food webs: a global meta-analysis from streams and rivers. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:692-715. [PMID: 33350055 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic increases in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations can strongly influence the structure and function of ecosystems. Even though lotic ecosystems receive cumulative inputs of nutrients applied to and deposited on land, no comprehensive assessment has quantified nutrient-enrichment effects within streams and rivers. We conducted a meta-analysis of published studies that experimentally increased concentrations of N and/or P in streams and rivers to examine how enrichment alters ecosystem structure (state: primary producer and consumer biomass and abundance) and function (rate: primary production, leaf breakdown rates, metabolism) at multiple trophic levels (primary producer, microbial heterotroph, primary and secondary consumers, and integrated ecosystem). Our synthesis included 184 studies, 885 experiments, and 3497 biotic responses to nutrient enrichment. We documented widespread increases in organismal biomass and abundance (mean response = +48%) and rates of ecosystem processes (+54%) to enrichment across multiple trophic levels, with no large differences in responses among trophic levels or between autotrophic or heterotrophic food-web pathways. Responses to nutrient enrichment varied with the nutrient added (N, P, or both) depending on rate versus state variable and experiment type, and were greater in flume and whole-stream experiments than in experiments using nutrient-diffusing substrata. Generally, nutrient-enrichment effects also increased with water temperature and light, and decreased under elevated ambient concentrations of inorganic N and/or P. Overall, increased concentrations of N and/or P altered multiple food-web pathways and trophic levels in lotic ecosystems. Our results indicate that preservation or restoration of biodiversity and ecosystem functions of streams and rivers requires management of nutrient inputs and consideration of multiple trophic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ardón
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, U.S.A
| | - Lydia H Zeglin
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, U.S.A
| | - Ryan M Utz
- Falk School of Sustainability, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, U.S.A
| | - Scott D Cooper
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and Marine Science Institute, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, U.S.A
| | - Walter K Dodds
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, U.S.A
| | - Rebecca J Bixby
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, U.S.A
| | | | - Jennifer Follstad Shah
- Environmental and Sustainability Studies Program/Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, U.S.A
| | - Natalie A Griffiths
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, U.S.A
| | - Tamara K Harms
- Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, U.S.A
| | - Sherri L Johnson
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, U. S. Forest Service, Corvallis, OR, 97731, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy B Jones
- Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, U.S.A
| | - John S Kominoski
- Department of Biological Sciences and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, U.S.A
| | - William H McDowell
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, U.S.A
| | - Amy D Rosemond
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, U.S.A
| | - Matt T Trentman
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, U.S.A
| | - David Van Horn
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, U.S.A
| | - Amelia Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cornejo A, Pérez J, Alonso A, López-Rojo N, Monroy S, Boyero L. A common fungicide impairs stream ecosystem functioning through effects on aquatic hyphomycetes and detritivorous caddisflies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 263:110425. [PMID: 32179487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides can reach streams through runoff or adhered to leaf litter, and have the potential to adversely affect processes such as litter decomposition and associated communities. This study investigated the effects of chlorothalonil, a widely used fungicide, on litter decomposition, detritivorous invertebrates (larvae of the insect Sericostoma pyrenaicum) and aquatic hyphomycetes (AHs), using stream microcosms. We considered the single and combined effects of two exposure modes: waterborne fungicide (at two concentrations: 0.125 μg L-1 and 1.25 μg L-1) and litter previously sprayed with the fungicide (i.e., pre-treated litter, using the application dose concentration of 1250 μg L-1). We also assessed whether fungicide effects on invertebrates, AHs and decomposition varied among litter types (i.e., different plant species), and whether plant diversity mitigated any of those effects. Invertebrate survival and AH sporulation rate and taxon richness were strongly reduced by most combinations of fungicide exposure modes; however, invertebrates were not affected by the low waterborne concentration, whereas AHs suffered the highest reduction at this concentration. Total decomposition was slowed down by both exposure modes, and microbial decomposition was reduced by litter pre-treatment, while the waterborne fungicide had different effects depending on plant species. In general, with the exception of microbial decomposition, responses varied little among litter types. Moreover, and contrary to our expectation, plant diversity did not modulate the fungicide effects. Our results highlight the severity of fungicide inputs to streams through effects on invertebrate and microbial communities and ecosystem functioning, even in streams with well-preserved, diverse riparian vegetation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aydeé Cornejo
- Freshwater Macroinvertebrate Laboratory. Zoological Collection Dr. Eustorgio Mendez, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies (COZEM-ICGES), Ave. Justo Arosemena and Calle 35, 0816-02593, Panama City, Panama; Doctoral Program in Natural Sciences with emphasis in Entomology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama.
| | - Javier Pérez
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Alberto Alonso
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Naiara López-Rojo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Silvia Monroy
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Luz Boyero
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lebrun JD, De Jesus K, Rouillac L, Ravelli M, Guenne A, Tournebize J. Single and combined effects of insecticides on multi-level biomarkers in the non-target amphipod Gammarus fossarum exposed to environmentally realistic levels. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 218:105357. [PMID: 31812648 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic media are ultimate recipients of various contaminants including pesticides pervasively applied in agrosystems. Characterizing the ecotoxicity of pesticides and their mixtures to aquatic wildlife at field-realistic levels is thus crucial for environmental risk assessment. This study aims at assessing the effects of two current-use insecticides, imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos, on Gammarus fossarum using multi-level biomarkers. In microcosms, gammarids were exposed for 72 h to insecticides tested individually or in mixture at 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/L of each chemical. Multi-metric responses were assessed at the individual level (behavioural traits: locomotion, respiration and amplexus formation) and the cellular level (enzymes involved in growth, moulting, digestion and cell stress). The results showed insecticide-elicited behavioural and biochemical responses from the lowest concentration of 0.01 μg/L. Overall, single exposures stimulated behavioural traits and inhibited enzymatic activities, highlighting subtle impacts at different organizational levels but these were not dose related. For binary mixtures, antagonistic effects (i.e. less-than-additive) on biomarkers were mainly observed when compared with single exposures. Multi-variable analyses indicated the complementarity of behavioural and biochemical biomarkers in identifying sublethal biological alterations and dose-dependent multiple action sites of insecticides. Besides, the mortality observed only for the mixture at 1 μg/L demonstrated a high lethal potential of insecticides in a simple binary combination. To conclude, this study demonstrates disturbances in individual performances and cellular impairments occurring at environmentally realistic exposure levels in a non-target wild species. Since the sublethal effects, such as those identified with this multi-biomarker approach, could lead to long-term alterations in population dynamics of agricultural areas, they constitute promising early endpoints for risk assessment of insecticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie D Lebrun
- Irstea, UR HYCAR - Artemhys, CS 10030, 92761 Antony cedex, France; Federation of Research FIRE, FR-3020, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Kelly De Jesus
- Irstea, UR HYCAR - Artemhys, CS 10030, 92761 Antony cedex, France
| | | | - Marie Ravelli
- Irstea, UR HYCAR - Artemhys, CS 10030, 92761 Antony cedex, France; Irstea, UR PROSE, CS 10030, 92761 Antony cedex, France
| | | | - Julien Tournebize
- Irstea, UR HYCAR - Artemhys, CS 10030, 92761 Antony cedex, France; Federation of Research FIRE, FR-3020, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|