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Ali MS, Lee EB, Quah Y, Sayem SAJ, Abbas MA, Suk K, Lee SJ, Park SC. Modulating effects of heat-killed and live Limosilactobacillus reuteri PSC102 on the immune response and gut microbiota of cyclophosphamide-treated rats. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-18. [PMID: 38682319 PMCID: PMC11060015 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2344765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the potential immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed (hLR) and live Limosilactobacillus reuteri PSC102 (LR; formerly Lactobacillus reuteri PSC102) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells were stimulated with hLR and LR for 24 h. Cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with three doses of hLR (L-Low, M-Medium, and H-High) and LR for 3 weeks. The phagocytic capacity, production of nitric oxide (NO), and expression of cytokines in RAW264.7 cells were measured, and the different parameters of immunity in rats were determined. hLR and LR treatments promoted phagocytic activity and induced the production of NO and the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and Cox-2 in macrophage cells. In the in vivo experiment, hLR and LR treatments significantly increased the immune organ indices, alleviated the spleen injury, and ameliorated the number of white blood cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and mid-range absolute counts in immunosuppressive rats. hLR and LR increased neutrophil migration and phagocytosis, splenocyte proliferation, and T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD45RA+, and CD28+). The levels of immune factors (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) in the hLR and LR groups were upregulated compared with those in the CTX-treatment group. hLR and LR treatments could also modulate the gut microbiota composition, thereby increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes but decreasing the level of Proteobacteria. hLR and LR protected against CTX-induced adverse reactions by modulating the immune response and gut microbiota composition. Therefore, they could be used as potential immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sekendar Ali
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Eon-Bee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yixian Quah
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Syed Al Jawad Sayem
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Aleem Abbas
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Biomedical Science and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Pires L, González-Paramás AM, Heleno SA, Calhelha RC. The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Etiopathogenesis of Multiple Chronic Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:392. [PMID: 38786121 PMCID: PMC11117238 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases (CD) may result from a combination of genetic factors, lifestyle and social behaviours, healthcare system influences, community factors, and environmental determinants of health. These risk factors frequently coexist and interact with one another. Ongoing research and a focus on personalized interventions are pivotal strategies for preventing and managing chronic disease outcomes. A wealth of literature suggests the potential involvement of gut microbiota in influencing host metabolism, thereby impacting various risk factors associated with chronic diseases. Dysbiosis, the perturbation of the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, is crucial in the etiopathogenesis of multiple CD. Recent studies indicate that specific microorganism-derived metabolites, including trimethylamine N-oxide, lipopolysaccharide and uremic toxins, contribute to subclinical inflammatory processes implicated in CD. Various factors, including diet, lifestyle, and medications, can alter the taxonomic species or abundance of gut microbiota. Researchers are currently dedicating efforts to understanding how the natural progression of microbiome development in humans affects health outcomes. Simultaneously, there is a focus on enhancing the understanding of microbiome-host molecular interactions. These endeavours ultimately aim to devise practical approaches for rehabilitating dysregulated human microbial ecosystems, intending to restore health and prevent diseases. This review investigates how the gut microbiome contributes to CD and explains ways to modulate it for managing or preventing chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pires
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.P.); (S.A.H.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles en Alimentos, Implicaciones en la Calidad y en Salud Humana, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Ana M. González-Paramás
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles en Alimentos, Implicaciones en la Calidad y en Salud Humana, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Sandrina A. Heleno
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.P.); (S.A.H.)
- Laboratório Associado para Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C. Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.P.); (S.A.H.)
- Laboratório Associado para Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Castro-López C, Pascacio-Villafán C, Aluja M, García HS, González-Córdova AF, Vallejo-Cordoba B, Hernández-Mendoza A. Safety Assessment of the Potential Probiotic Bacterium Limosilactobacillus fermentum J23 Using the Mexican Fruit Fly (Anastrepha ludens Loew, Diptera: Tephritidae) as a Novel In Vivo Model. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:233-248. [PMID: 36574190 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Safety assessment of probiotics is difficult but essential. In this work, the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), was used as in vivo model to assess the biosafety of Limosilactobacillus fermentum J23. In the first set of experiments, the strain was orally administered to adult flies through direct feeding, whereas in the second set of experiments, it was supplemented through the larval rearing medium. Data showed that L. fermentum J23 did not lead to increased mortality or treatment-related toxicity signs in adult female and male flies. Ingestion of L. fermentum J23 by adult female flies led to a statistically significant improvement in locomotor activity compared to the control groups (ca. 59% decrease in climbing time, p < 0.0001). A positive trend in lifespan extension under stress (maximum lifespan = 144 h) was also observed. When L. fermentum J23 was administered to the larvae, the adult emergence (p = 0.0099), sex ratio (p = 0.0043), and flight ability (p = 0.0009) increased significantly by 7%, 31%, and 8%, respectively, compared to the control diet. No statistical effect between the control diet and the L. fermentum J23-based diet for the number of pupae recovered, pupal weight, duration of the pupal stage, lifespan under stress, and morphological development was observed. We conclude that feeding L. fermentum J23 to the novel experimental model A. ludens had no toxic effects and could be safely considered a potential probiotic for food supplements; however, further studies are still needed to establish its biosafety in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Castro-López
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. ‒ CIAD, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Carlos Pascacio-Villafán
- Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología A.C. ‒ INECOL, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Veracruz, 91073, Xalapa, México
| | - Martin Aluja
- Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Instituto de Ecología A.C. ‒ INECOL, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Veracruz, 91073, Xalapa, México.
| | - Hugo S García
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Miguel Ángel de Quevedo 2779, Veracruz, 91897, Veracruz, México
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. ‒ CIAD, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. ‒ CIAD, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. ‒ CIAD, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, 83304, Sonora, México.
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4
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Zhang J, Ren L, Zhang L, Gong Y, Xu T, Wang X, Guo C, Zhai L, Yu X, Li Y, Zhu P, Chen R, Jing X, Jing G, Zhou S, Xu M, Wang C, Niu C, Ge Y, Ma B, Shang G, Cui Y, Yao S, Xu J. Single-cell rapid identification, in situ viability and vitality profiling, and genome-based source-tracking for probiotics products. IMETA 2023; 2:e117. [PMID: 38867931 PMCID: PMC10989769 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Rapid expansion of the probiotics industry demands fast, sensitive, comprehensive, and low-cost strategies for quality assessment. Here, we introduce a culture-free, one-cell-resolution, phenome-genome-combined strategy called Single-Cell Identification, Viability and Vitality tests, and Source-tracking (SCIVVS). For each cell directly extracted from the product, the fingerprint region of D2O-probed single-cell Raman spectrum (SCRS) enables species-level identification with 93% accuracy, based on a reference SCRS database from 21 statutory probiotic species, whereas the C-D band accurately quantifies viability, metabolic vitality plus their intercellular heterogeneity. For source-tracking, single-cell Raman-activated Cell Sorting and Sequencing can proceed, producing indexed, precisely one-cell-based genome assemblies that can reach ~99.40% genome-wide coverage. Finally, we validated an integrated SCIVVS workflow with automated SCRS acquisition where the whole process except sequencing takes just 5 h. As it is >20-fold faster, >10-time cheaper, vitality-revealing, heterogeneity-resolving, and automation-prone, SCIVVS is a new technological and data framework for quality assessment of live-cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lihui Ren
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- College of Information Science & EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao Branch of China United Network Communications Co., Ltd.QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Yanhai Gong
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Teng Xu
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaohang Wang
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Cheng Guo
- Eastsea Pharma Co., Ltd.QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Lei Zhai
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., China Center of Industrial Culture CollectionBeijingChina
| | - Xuejian Yu
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., China Center of Industrial Culture CollectionBeijingChina
| | - Ying Li
- Qingdao Single‐Cell Biotech. Co., Ltd.QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao Single‐Cell Biotech. Co., Ltd.QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Rongze Chen
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyan Jing
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Gongchao Jing
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Chen Wang
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
| | | | - Yuanyuan Ge
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., China Center of Industrial Culture CollectionBeijingChina
| | - Bo Ma
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Yunlong Cui
- Eastsea Pharma Co., Ltd.QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Su Yao
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., China Center of Industrial Culture CollectionBeijingChina
| | - Jian Xu
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Bai Z, Zhang N, Jin Y, Chen L, Mao Y, Sun L, Fang F, Liu Y, Han M, Li G. Comprehensive analysis of 84 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains uncovers their genetic diversity, functional characteristics, and potential risks. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:919701. [PMID: 36683686 PMCID: PMC9846645 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.919701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a beneficial human gut microbe and a candidate for next-generation probiotics. With probiotics now being used in clinical treatments, concerns about their safety and side effects need to be considered. Therefore, it is essential to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the genetic diversity, functional characteristics, and potential risks of different F. prausnitzii strains. In this study, we collected the genetic information of 84 F . prausnitzii strains to conduct a pan-genome analysis with multiple perspectives. Based on single-copy genes and the sequences of 16S rRNA and the compositions of the pan-genome, different phylogenetic analyses of F. prausnitzii strains were performed, which showed the genetic diversity among them. Among the proteins of the pan-genome, we found that the accessory clusters made a greater contribution to the primary genetic functions of F. prausnitzii strains than the core and specific clusters. The functional annotations of F. prausnitzii showed that only a very small number of proteins were related to human diseases and there were no secondary metabolic gene clusters encoding harmful products. At the same time, complete fatty acid metabolism was detected in F. prausnitzii. In addition, we detected harmful elements, including antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, and pathogenic genes, and proposed the probiotic potential risk index (PPRI) and probiotic potential risk score (PPRS) to classify these 84 strains into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups. Finally, 15 strains were identified as low-risk strains and prioritized for clinical application. Undoubtedly, our results provide a comprehensive understanding and insight into F. prausnitzii, and PPRI and PPRS can be applied to evaluate the potential risks of probiotics in general and to guide the application of probiotics in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yujie Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lingna Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Feifei Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Maozhen Han
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gangping Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Homeostasis in the Gut Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100648. [PMID: 36287917 PMCID: PMC9610479 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota consists of trillions of microorganisms, fulfilling important roles in metabolism, nutritional intake, physiology and maturation of the immune system, but also aiding and abetting the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The human gut microbiome consists of bacterial species from five major bacterial phyla, namely Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Alterations in the members of these phyla alter the total gut microbiota, with a decline in the number of symbiotic flora and an increase in the pathogenic bacteria, causing or aggravating CKD. In addition, CKD-associated alteration of this intestinal microbiome results in metabolic changes and the accumulation of amines, indoles and phenols, among other uremic metabolites, which have a feedforward adverse effect on CKD patients, inhibiting renal functions and increasing comorbidities such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A classification of uremic toxins according to the degree of known toxicity based on the experimental evidence of their toxicity (number of systems affected) and overall experimental and clinical evidence was selected to identify the representative uremic toxins from small water-soluble compounds, protein-bound compounds and middle molecules and their relation to the gut microbiota was summarized. Gut-derived uremic metabolites accumulating in CKD patients further exhibit cell-damaging properties, damage the intestinal epithelial cell wall, increase gut permeability and lead to the translocation of bacteria and endotoxins from the gut into the circulatory system. Elevated levels of endotoxins lead to endotoxemia and inflammation, further accelerating CKD progression. In recent years, the role of the gut microbiome in CKD pathophysiology has emerged as an important aspect of corrective treatment; however, the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota contributes to CKD progression are still not completely understood. Therefore, this review summarizes the current state of research regarding CKD and the gut microbiota, alterations in the microbiome, uremic toxin production, and gut epithelial barrier degradation.
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Zhang K, Li K, Xin R, Han Y, Guo Z, Zou W, Wei W, Cui X, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Antibiotic resistomes in water supply reservoirs sediments of central China: main biotic drivers and distribution pattern. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:37712-37721. [PMID: 35066838 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water supply reservoirs form one of the critical drinking water resources. Their water quality directly affects human health. However, reservoir sediments have not received adequate attention in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) dissemination, though they reflect long-term ARGs contamination of water supply reservoirs. Moreover, the physicochemical parameters in water supply reservoir sediments are generally better than those in the other media. Thus, the main ARGs biotic drivers of the media would demonstrate their unique characteristics. In this study, sediment samples were collected from 10 water supply reservoirs in central China, and the antibiotic resistomes were determined with the metagenomic method. As revealed from the results, 174 ARGs (18 ARG types) were detected in the reservoir sediment. Besides, multidrug-, sulfonamide-, and vancomycin-ARGs were the dominant ARGs in the sediment samples. The macrolide-resistant Microcystis was prevalent (100% detection frequency with 0.35% average percentage) in reservoir sediments and posed potential risks to human health. Furthermore, the results of the Mantel test and VPA demonstrated that mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were the more essential biotic drivers in ARG contents of reservoir sediments rather than the bacteria community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, No.237, Nanhu Road, Shihe District, Xinyang, 464000, China.
| | - Kuangjia Li
- Development Research Center, Ministry of Water Resources of People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Rui Xin
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ya Han
- School of Geographic Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, No.237, Nanhu Road, Shihe District, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Ziwei Guo
- School of Geographic Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, No.237, Nanhu Road, Shihe District, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Wei Zou
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory On Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Geographic Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, No.237, Nanhu Road, Shihe District, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Xiangchao Cui
- School of Geographic Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, No.237, Nanhu Road, Shihe District, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Zhongshuai Zhang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, No.237, Nanhu Road, Shihe District, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No.38, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Combinatorial Therapeutic Strategy of Biogenics Derived from Lactobacillus fermentum PUM and Zingerone Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1-Induced Surgical Site Infection: an Experimental Study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:712-726. [PMID: 35482245 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a WHO-prioritized multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, is one of the frequently implicated pathogen in surgical site infection (SSI) due to its virulence phenotypes and biofilm-forming ability. In the present study, cell-free supernatant (CFS) and biogenics (organic acids and precipitated protein fraction) of indigenous potential probiotic, Lactobacillus fermentum PUM both alone and in combination with zingerone were found to inhibit pyocyanin, pyochelin, protease, elastase, the virulence factors, and motility of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy indicated that biofilm formation was attenuated maximally by CFS of L. fermentum combined with zingerone. In vivo study revealed reduced P. aeruginosa burden, suppuration at surgical site vis-a-vis reduced levels of oxidants, pro-inflammatory cytokines, ameliorated anti-oxidants, and healed infected surgical site compared with counter controls. In totality, combination of L. fermentum PUM-derived biogenics and zingerone could be employed to treat P. aeruginosa-induced SSI that needs to be correlated clinically.
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Szychowiak P, Villageois-Tran K, Patrier J, Timsit JF, Ruppé É. The role of the microbiota in the management of intensive care patients. Ann Intensive Care 2022; 12:3. [PMID: 34985651 PMCID: PMC8728486 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-021-00976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiota is highly dynamic and changes according to various conditions. The gut microbiota mainly includes difficult-to-cultivate anaerobic bacteria, hence knowledge about its composition has significantly arisen from culture-independent methods based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) such as 16S profiling and shotgun metagenomics. The gut microbiota of patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) undergoes many alterations because of critical illness, antibiotics, and other ICU-specific medications. It is then characterized by lower richness and diversity, and dominated by opportunistic pathogens such as Clostridioides difficile and multidrug-resistant bacteria. These alterations are associated with an increased risk of infectious complications or death. Specifically, at the time of writing, it appears possible to identify distinct microbiota patterns associated with severity or infectivity in COVID-19 patients, paving the way for the potential use of dysbiosis markers to predict patient outcomes. Correcting the microbiota disturbances to avoid their consequences is now possible. Fecal microbiota transplantation is recommended in recurrent C. difficile infections and microbiota-protecting treatments such as antibiotic inactivators are currently being developed. The growing interest in the microbiota and microbiota-associated therapies suggests that the control of the dysbiosis could be a key factor in the management of critically ill patients. The present narrative review aims to provide a synthetic overview of microbiota, from healthy individuals to critically ill patients. After an introduction to the different techniques used for studying the microbiota, we review the determinants involved in the alteration of the microbiota in ICU patients and the latter's consequences. Last, we assess the means to prevent or correct microbiota alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szychowiak
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, 75018, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Khanh Villageois-Tran
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, 75018, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, 92110, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Patrier
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, 75018, Paris, France
- Service de Réanimation Médicale Et Infectieuse, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Timsit
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, 75018, Paris, France
- Service de Réanimation Médicale Et Infectieuse, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Étienne Ruppé
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, 75018, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.
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10
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Ilina L, Filippova V, Ponomareva E, Brazhnik E, Dunyashev T, Laishev K. Analysis of the probiotic activity of Bacillus velezensis RT-26 strain isolated from reindeer rumen by whole-genome sequencing. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224803002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper analyses the properties of Bacillus velezensis RT-26, a probiotic strain isolated from reindeer rumen, which has high activity towards fiber degradation, against bacterial and fungal pathogens. The analysis was performed using whole-genome sequencing of the strain using the Illumina platform. The study revealed that strain RT-26 possessed a complete set of metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. 411 genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism in the strain genome, 229 genes were related to vitamin and coenzyme metabolism, 149 genes were involved in fatty acid metabolism. The synthesis pathways of various amino acids, most B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, nicotiamide, vitamin B5) were identified in the genome. A complete pathway for synthesis of the dipeptide antibiotic bacilisin was detected in the strain. In addition, the strain is capable of synthesizing class A beta-lactamase. No genes responsible for the degradation of mycotoxins and xenobiotics were detected in the genome of the strain studied. A number of glycosyl hydrolase families were detected in the strain genome: GH 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 16, 18, 20, 23, 26, 28, 30, 32, 43, 46, 51, 53, 68, 68, 73, 101, 109, 126. Carbohydrate-binding proteins were of the SVM 50 family. Glycosyltransferases were of GT 1, 2, 4, 8, 26, 28, 30, 51, 83 families. In the genome of Bacillus velezensis strain RT-26, cellulases related to families GH 5, 6, 26, 51, chitinases related to families GH 18 and 23, and xylanases related to families GH 1, 3, 4, 16, 30, 43 were found. Thus, strain B. velezensis RT-26 has several phenotypically and genotypically proven properties that can characterize it as a good probiotic microorganism.
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11
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Du M, Xie X, Yang S, Li Y, Jiang T, Yang J, Li L, Huang Y, Wu Q, Chen W, Zhang J. Lysozyme-like Protein Produced by Bifidobacterium longum Regulates Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Models. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216480. [PMID: 34770899 PMCID: PMC8587964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular secreted protein of Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the human intestinal microenvironment. However, the mechanism(s) of interaction remain unclear. Lysozyme is a kind of antibacterial peptide. In this study, the amino acid sequence of a lysozyme-like protein of B. longum based on whole-genome data of an isolate from human gut feces was found. We further predicted functional domains from the amino acid sequence, purified the protein, and verified its bioactivity. The growth of some bacteria were significantly delayed by the 020402_LYZ M1 protein. In addition, the gut microbiota was analyzed via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and an in vitro fermentation model, and the fluctuations in the gut microbiota under the treatment of 020402_LYZ M1 protein were characterized. The 020402_LYZ M1 protein affected the composition of human gut microbiota significantly, implying that the protein is able to communicate with intestinal microbes as a regulatory factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.D.); (S.Y.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xinqiang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shuanghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.D.); (S.Y.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Tong Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Juan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Longyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Yunxiao Huang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.D.); (S.Y.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (J.Z.)
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12
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Baldewijns S, Sillen M, Palmans I, Vandecruys P, Van Dijck P, Demuyser L. The Role of Fatty Acid Metabolites in Vaginal Health and Disease: Application to Candidiasis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:705779. [PMID: 34276639 PMCID: PMC8282898 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.705779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the vast majority of women encounters at least one vaginal infection during their life, the amount of microbiome-related research performed in this area lags behind compared to alternative niches such as the intestinal tract. As a result, effective means of diagnosis and treatment, especially of recurrent infections, are limited. The role of the metabolome in vaginal health is largely elusive. It has been shown that lactate produced by the numerous lactobacilli present promotes health by limiting the chance of infection. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) have been mainly linked to dysbiosis, although the causality of this relationship is still under debate. In this review, we aim to bring together information on the role of the vaginal metabolome and microbiome in infections caused by Candida. Vulvovaginal candidiasis affects near to 70% of all women at least once in their life with a significant proportion of women suffering from the recurrent variant. We assess the role of fatty acid metabolites, mainly SCFA and lactate, in onset of infection and virulence of the fungal pathogen. In addition, we pinpoint where lack of research limits our understanding of the molecular processes involved and restricts the possibility of developing novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Baldewijns
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mart Sillen
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Palmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Vandecruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Demuyser
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Cuervo-Zanatta D, Garcia-Mena J, Perez-Cruz C. Gut Microbiota Alterations and Cognitive Impairment Are Sexually Dissociated in a Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S195-S214. [PMID: 33492296 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal aging is accompanied by cognitive deficiencies, affecting women and men equally. Aging is the main risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with women having a higher risk. The higher prevalence of AD in women is associated with the abrupt hormonal decline seen after menopause. However, other factors may be involved in this sex-related cognitive decline. Alterations in gut microbiota (GM) and its bioproducts have been reported in AD subjects and transgenic (Tg) mice, having a direct impact on brain amyloid-β pathology in male (M), but not in female (F) mice. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to determine GM composition and cognitive dysfunction in M and F wildtype (WT) and Tg mice, in a sex/genotype segregation design. METHODS Anxiety, short term working-memory, spatial learning, and long-term spatial memory were evaluated in 6-month-old WT and Tg male mice. Fecal short chain fatty acids were determined by chromatography, and DNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were used to determine GM differences. RESULTS We observed sex-dependent differences in cognitive skills in WT mice, favoring F mice. However, the cognitive advantage of females was lost in Tg mice. GM composition showed few sex-related differences in WT mice. Contrary, Tg-M mice presented a more severe dysbiosis than Tg-F mice. A decreased abundance of Ruminococcaceae was associated with cognitive deficits in Tg-F mice, while butyrate levels were positively associated with better working- and object recognition-memory in WT-F mice. CONCLUSION This report describes a sex-dependent association between GM alterations and cognitive impairment in a mice model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cuervo-Zanatta
- Pharmacology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration, Mexico City, Mexico.,Genetics and Molecular Biology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Laboratory of reference and support for the characterization of genomes, transcriptomes and microbiomes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Garcia-Mena
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Laboratory of reference and support for the characterization of genomes, transcriptomes and microbiomes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Perez-Cruz
- Pharmacology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Dumas A, Knaus UG. Raising the 'Good' Oxidants for Immune Protection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698042. [PMID: 34149739 PMCID: PMC8213335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox medicine is a new therapeutic concept targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secondary reaction products for health benefit. The concomitant function of ROS as intracellular second messengers and extracellular mediators governing physiological redox signaling, and as damaging radicals instigating or perpetuating various pathophysiological conditions will require selective strategies for therapeutic intervention. In addition, the reactivity and quantity of the oxidant species generated, its source and cellular location in a defined disease context need to be considered to achieve the desired outcome. In inflammatory diseases associated with oxidative damage and tissue injury, ROS source specific inhibitors may provide more benefit than generalized removal of ROS. Contemporary approaches in immunity will also include the preservation or even elevation of certain oxygen metabolites to restore or improve ROS driven physiological functions including more effective redox signaling and cell-microenvironment communication, and to induce mucosal barrier integrity, eubiosis and repair processes. Increasing oxidants by host-directed immunomodulation or by exogenous supplementation seems especially promising for improving host defense. Here, we summarize examples of beneficial ROS in immune homeostasis, infection, and acute inflammatory disease, and address emerging therapeutic strategies for ROS augmentation to induce and strengthen protective host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Dumas
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Gao J, Li X, Zhang G, Sadiq FA, Simal-Gandara J, Xiao J, Sang Y. Probiotics in the dairy industry-Advances and opportunities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3937-3982. [PMID: 33938124 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a global surge in the application of probiotics as functional ingredients in food, animal feed, and pharmaceutical products. Among food industries, the dairy industry is the largest sector where probiotics are employed in a number of dairy products including sour/fermented milk, yogurt, cheese, butter/cream, ice cream, and infant formula. These probiotics are either used as starter culture alone or in combination with traditional starters, or incorporated into dairy products following fermentation, where their presence imparts many functional characteristics to the product (for instance, improved aroma, taste, and textural characteristics), in addition to conferring many health-promoting properties. However, there are still many challenges related to the stability and functionality of probiotics in dairy products. This review highlights the advances, opportunities, and challenges of application of probiotics in dairy industries. Benefits imparted by probiotics to dairy products including their role in physicochemical characteristics and nutritional properties (clinical and functional perspective) are also discussed. We transcend the traditional concept of the application of probiotics in dairy products and discuss paraprobiotics and postbiotics as a newly emerged concept in the field of probiotics in a particular relation to the dairy industry. Some potential applications of paraprobiotics and postbiotics in dairy products as functional ingredients for the development of functional dairy products with health-promoting properties are briefly elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiyu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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16
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Lo CKL, Sheth PM. Carnobacterium inhibens isolated in blood culture of an immunocompromised, metastatic cancer patient: a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:403. [PMID: 33933029 PMCID: PMC8088058 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnobacterium species are lactic acid-producing Gram-positive bacteria that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada for use as a food bio-preservative. The use of live bacteria as a food additive and its potential risk of infections in immunocompromised patients are not well understood. CASE PRESENTATION An 81-year-old male with a history of metastatic prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy and chronic steroids presented to our hospital with a 2-week history of productive cough, dyspnea, altered mentation, and fever. Extensive computed tomography imaging revealed multifocal pneumonia without other foci of infection. He was diagnosed with pneumonia and empirically treated with ceftriaxone and vancomycin. Blood cultures from admission later returned positive for Carnobacterium inhibens. He achieved clinical recovery with step-down to oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for a total 7-day course of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS This is the fourth reported case of bacteremia with Carnobacterium spp. isolated from humans. This case highlights the need to better understand the pathogenicity and disease spectrum of bacteria used in the food industry for bio-preservation, especially in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson Ka-Lok Lo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University Infectious Diseases Residency Program, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, Ontario, L8V 5C2, Canada.
| | - Prameet M Sheth
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Microbiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2V7, Canada.
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17
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Wang Y, Liang Q, Lu B, Shen H, Liu S, Shi Y, Leptihn S, Li H, Wei J, Liu C, Xiao H, Zheng X, Liu C, Chen H. Whole-genome analysis of probiotic product isolates reveals the presence of genes related to antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and toxic metabolites, posing potential health risks. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:210. [PMID: 33761872 PMCID: PMC7988973 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Safety issues of probiotic products have been reported frequently in recent years. Ten bacterial strains isolated from seven commercial probiotic products on market were evaluated for their safety, by whole-genome analysis. Results We found that the bacterial species of three probiotic products were incorrectly labeled. Furthermore, six probiotic product isolates (PPS) contained genes for the production of toxic metabolites, while another three strains contained virulence genes, which might pose a potential health risk. In addition, three of them have drug-resistance genes, among which two strains potentially displayed multidrug resistance. One isolate has in silico predicted transferable genes responsible for toxic metabolite production, and they could potentially transfer to human gut microflora or environmental bacteria. Isolates of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis are associated with low risk for human consumption. Based on a comparative genome analysis, we found that the isolated Enterococcus faecium TK-P5D clustered with a well-defined probiotic strain, while E. faecalis TK-P4B clustered with a pathogenic strain. Conclusions Our work clearly illustrates that whole-genome analysis is a useful method to evaluate the quality and safety of probiotic products. Regulatory quality control and stringent regulations on probiotic products are needed to ensure safe consumption and protect human health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07539-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bian Lu
- Xiaoshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 311201, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Shen
- NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Biological Inspection Department, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Dalian Customs District, Dalian, 116001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ya Shi
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sebastian Leptihn
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Li
- China National Accreditation Institute for Conformity Assessment, Beijing, 100062, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Nordkapp Medical Group, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengzhi Liu
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailong Xiao
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Zheng
- NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Biological Inspection Department, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Huan Chen
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China.
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18
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Shin M, Ban OH, Jung YH, Yang J, Kim Y. Genomic characterization and probiotic potential of Lactobacillus casei IDCC 3451 isolated from infant faeces. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 72:578-588. [PMID: 33421164 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics play an important role in health benefits on the host. However, they also possess potentials for infectivity or in situ toxin production; thus, requiring a comprehensive assessment of their safety. In this study, we report genomic characteristics of a newly isolated Lactobacillus casei IDCC 3451 from infant faeces. Phenotypic assays based on enzyme activities and carbohydrate fermentation profiles represented metabolic features of the strain. Safety evaluation for antimicrobial resistance, biogenic amines production and cytotoxicity to a murine mouse model suggested its safe use as a probiotic strain. Our findings on the genetic background of L. casei IDCC 3451 and its potential features provide a promising functional and safe probiotic strain for the human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - O-H Ban
- Ildong Bioscience, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J Yang
- Ildong Bioscience, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhang K, Xin R, Zhao Z, Li W, Wang Y, Wang Q, Niu Z, Zhang Y. Mobile genetic elements are the Major driver of High antibiotic resistance genes abundance in the Upper reaches of huaihe River Basin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123271. [PMID: 32629348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rivers are considered a vital reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and are critical to disseminate ARGs. The present study delved into the ARGs pollution of the sediments in the upper reaches of Huaihe river, one of the seven longest rivers in China, by high-throughput quantitative PCR. Subsequently, the relationship between ARGs and the bacterial community/mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was determined. As revealed from the results, the overall ARGs ranged from 2.65×10-3 to 6.14×10-2/16S copies, and the abundance of ARGs in the tributaries was significantly higher than that in the mainstreams (p<0.05). Moreover, the ARGs introduced by tributaries were capable of affecting the whole mainstream of Huaihe river. As suggested from the results of co-occurrence analysis and pRDA analysis, MGEs were reported as the major driver to disseminate ARGs in the upper reaches of Huaihe river basin. The larger the MGEs proportion, the higher the likelihood of ARGs transferring from antibiotic resistance bacteria to human pathogens in Huaihe river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Rui Xin
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ze Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenpeng Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Zhiguang Niu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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20
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Liu Z, Coales I, Penney N, McDonald JAK, Phetcharaburanin J, Seyfried F, Li JV. A Subset of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Bacterial Consortium Colonizes the Gut of Nonsurgical Rats without Inducing Host-Microbe Metabolic Changes. mSystems 2020; 5:e01047-20. [PMID: 33293406 PMCID: PMC8579838 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01047-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective weight loss surgery, resulting in a characteristic increase of fecal Gammaproteobacteria The contribution of this compositional change to metabolic benefits of RYGB is currently debatable. Therefore, this study employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic profiling to monitor the dynamic colonization of the RYGB microbial consortium and their metabolic impact on the host. Eleven Wistar rats received vancomycin and enrofloxacin, followed by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of cecal slurry obtained from either RYGB- or sham-operated rats. Urine and feces from the microbiota recipients (RYGB microbiota recipients [RYGBr], n = 6; sham microbiota recipients [SHAMr], n = 5) were collected pre- and post-antibiotics and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 16 days post-FMT. No significant differences in body weight and food intake were observed between RYGBr and SHAMr. While neither group reached the community richness of that of their donors, by day 6, both groups reached the richness and diversity of that prior to antibiotic treatment. However, the typical signature of RYGB microbiome-increased Enterobacteriaceae-was not replicated in these recipients after two consecutive FMT, suggesting that the environmental changes induced by the anatomical rearrangements of RYGB could be key for sustaining such a consortium. The transplanted bacteria did not induce the same metabolic signature of urine and feces as those previously reported in RYGB-operated rats. Future work is required to explore environmental factors that shape the RYGB microbiota in order to further investigate the metabolic functions of the RYGB microbiota, thereby teasing out the mechanisms of the RYGB surgery.IMPORTANCE Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery results in a long-term gut bacterial shift toward Gammaproteobacteria in both patients and rodents. The contribution of this compositional shift, or the RYGB bacterial consortium, to the metabolic benefit of the surgery remains debatable. It is unclear how well these bacteria colonize in an anatomically normal gut. This is a fundamental question in both defining the function of the RYGB microbiota and evaluating its potential as a nonsurgical treatment for obesity. We monitored the dynamic colonization of the RYGB bacterial consortium and observed that while approximately one-third of the bacterial taxa from the RYGB donor colonized in the gut of the nonoperated recipients, Gammaproteobacteria were unable to colonize for longer than 3 days. The study highlighted that a successful long-term colonization of Gammaproteobacteria-rich RYGB microbiota in nonsurgical animals requires key environmental factors that may be dictated by the intestinal anatomical modification by the surgery itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Coales
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Penney
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A K McDonald
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Florian Seyfried
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jia V Li
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Agrawal S, Tuchman ES, Bruce MJ, Theodorou ME. Fatal Lactobacillus endocarditis in a patient with transcatheter aortic valve replacement. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/11/e236835. [PMID: 33257370 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus species may translocate from the gastrointestinal tract into systemic circulation from ingested probiotics or commensal flora. Their pathogenic potential is still debated. Lactobacillus endocarditis is a rare entity with only around 120 cases reported in the literature. Here, we report the first case of fatal Lactobacillus endocarditis with involvement of a transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the following goals: to reaffirm the pathological significance of Lactobacillus spp, to demonstrate the potential limitations of the modified Duke criteria in diagnosing infective endocarditis of transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and to urge clinicians to aggressively search for and consider empiric treatment for endocarditis in patients with prosthetic valves who develop Lactobacillus bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saaket Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emily S Tuchman
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew J Bruce
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria E Theodorou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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22
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Liu N, Pan J, Miao S, Qin L. Microbial community in Chinese traditional fermented acid rice soup (rice-acid) and its correlations with key organic acids and volatile compounds. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zafar H, Saier MH. Comparative Genomics of the Transport Proteins of Ten Lactobacillus Strains. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101234. [PMID: 33096690 PMCID: PMC7593918 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Lactobacillus includes species that may inhabit different anatomical locations in the human body, but the greatest percentage of its species are inhabitants of the gut. Lactobacilli are well known for their probiotic characteristics, although some species may become pathogenic and exert negative effects on human health. The transportome of an organism consists of the sum of the transport proteins encoded within its genome, and studies on the transportome help in the understanding of the various physiological processes taking place in the cell. In this communication we analyze the transport proteins and predict probable substrate specificities of ten Lactobacillus strains. Six of these strains (L. brevis, L. bulgaricus, L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. reuteri, and L. ruminis) are currently believed to be only probiotic (OP). The remaining four strains (L. acidophilus, L. paracasei, L. planatarum, and L. rhamnosus) can play dual roles, being both probiotic and pathogenic (PAP). The characteristics of the transport systems found in these bacteria were compared with strains (E. coli, Salmonella, and Bacteroides) from our previous studies. Overall, the ten lactobacilli contain high numbers of amino acid transporters, but the PAP strains contain higher number of sugar, amino acid and peptide transporters as well as drug exporters than their OP counterparts. Moreover, some of the OP strains contain pore-forming toxins and drug exporters similar to those of the PAP strains, thus indicative of yet unrecognized pathogenic potential. The transportomes of the lactobacilli seem to be finely tuned according to the extracellular and probiotic lifestyles of these organisms. Taken together, the results of this study help to reveal the physiological and pathogenic potential of common prokaryotic residents in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zafar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab 56300, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (M.H.S.J.); Tel.: +1-858-534-4084 (M.H.S.J.); Fax: +1-858-534-7108 (M.H.S.J.)
| | - Milton H. Saier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (M.H.S.J.); Tel.: +1-858-534-4084 (M.H.S.J.); Fax: +1-858-534-7108 (M.H.S.J.)
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Anti-adipogenic effect of Lactobacillus fermentum MG4231 and MG4244 through AMPK pathway in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1541-1551. [PMID: 33088603 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-adipogenic effects and mechanisms underlying the action of Lactobacillus fermentum MG4231 and MG4244 strains on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Treatment with cell-free extracts (CFEs) from the two strains reduced lipid accumulation and intracellular triglyceride production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by more than 50%. The inhibitory effects of L. fermentum on lipid accumulation were mediated by the downregulation of FAS and aP2 resulting from the inhibition of PPARγ and C/EBPα gene expression. Moreover, AMPK and HSL phosphorylation was upregulated by CFE treatment. These results indicated that the anti-adipogenic and lipolysis activities of L. fermentum strains were caused by increased AMPK and HSL phosphorylation. Both strains displayed high leucine arylamidase and β-galactosidase enzymatic activity, with excellent adhesion to epithelial cells. Therefore, we identified L. fermentum as potential new probiotics for the prevention of obesity.
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25
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O'Connor KM, Lucking EF, Bastiaanssen TFS, Peterson VL, Crispie F, Cotter PD, Clarke G, Cryan JF, O'Halloran KD. Prebiotic administration modulates gut microbiota and faecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations but does not prevent chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced apnoea and hypertension in adult rats. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102968. [PMID: 32861200 PMCID: PMC7475129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is accruing to suggest that microbiota-gut-brain signalling plays a regulatory role in cardiorespiratory physiology. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), modelling human sleep apnoea, affects gut microbiota composition and elicits cardiorespiratory morbidity. We investigated if treatment with prebiotics ameliorates cardiorespiratory dysfunction in CIH-exposed rats. METHODS Adult male rats were exposed to CIH (96 cycles/day, 6.0% O2 at nadir) for 14 consecutive days with and without prebiotic supplementation (fructo- and galacto-oligosaccharides) beginning two weeks prior to gas exposures. FINDINGS CIH increased apnoea index and caused hypertension. CIH exposure had modest effects on the gut microbiota, decreasing the relative abundance of Lactobacilli species, but had no effect on microbial functional characteristics. Faecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, plasma and brainstem pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations and brainstem neurochemistry were unaffected by exposure to CIH. Prebiotic administration modulated gut microbiota composition and diversity, altering gut-metabolic (GMMs) and gut-brain (GBMs) modules and increased faecal acetic and propionic acid concentrations, but did not prevent adverse CIH-induced cardiorespiratory phenotypes. INTERPRETATION CIH-induced cardiorespiratory dysfunction is not dependant upon changes in microbial functional characteristics and decreased faecal SCFA concentrations. Prebiotic-related modulation of microbial function and resultant increases in faecal SCFAs were not sufficient to prevent CIH-induced apnoea and hypertension in our model. Our results do not exclude the potential for microbiota-gut-brain axis involvement in OSA-related cardiorespiratory morbidity, but they demonstrate that in a relatively mild model of CIH, sufficient to evoke classic cardiorespiratory dysfunction, such changes are not obligatory for the development of morbidity, but may become relevant in the elaboration and maintenance of cardiorespiratory morbidity with progressive disease. FUNDING Department of Physiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland. APC Microbiome Ireland is funded by Science Foundation Ireland, through the Government's National Development Plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric F Lucking
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Fiona Crispie
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Todorov SD, Kang HJ, Ivanova IV, Holzapfel WH. Bacteriocins From LAB and Other Alternative Approaches for the Control of Clostridium and Clostridiodes Related Gastrointestinal Colitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:581778. [PMID: 33042979 PMCID: PMC7517946 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.581778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is considered as a promising target for future non-conventional therapeutic treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases. The search for appropriate safe and beneficial (lactic acid bacterial and other) putative probiotic strains and/or their antimicrobial metabolites represents a challenging approach for combating several problematic and emerging infections. The process of selecting suitable strains, especially of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with superior properties, has been accelerated and intensified during the past two decades, also thanks to recent developments in lab techniques. Currently, special focus is on the potential of antimicrobial metabolites produced by some LAB strains and their application as active therapeutic agents. The vision is to develop a scientific basis for 'biotherapeutics' as alternative to conventional approaches in both human and veterinary medicine. Consequently, innovative and promising applications of LAB to the therapeutic practice are presently emerging. An overview of the existing literature indicates that some antimicrobial metabolites such as bacteriocins, widely produced by different bacterial species including LAB, are promising biotherapeutic agents for controlling infections caused by potential pathogens, such as Clostridium and Clostridiodes. Non-conventional, safe and well designed therapeutic treatments may contribute to the improvement of gut dysbiotic conditions. Thereby gut homeostasis can be restored and inflammatory conditions such as gastrointestinal colitis ameliorated. Combining the knowledge on the production, characterization and application of bacteriocins from probiotic LAB, together with their antibacterial properties, appears to be a promising and novel approach in biotherapy. In this overview, different scenarios for the control of Clostridium spp. by application of bacteriocins as therapeutic agents, also in synergistic combination with antibiotics, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetoslav D. Todorov
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Institute (AGEE), Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Kang
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Institute (AGEE), Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
- HEM Inc., Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Iskra V. Ivanova
- Department of General and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Wilhelm H. Holzapfel
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Institute (AGEE), Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
- HEM Inc., Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Wilhelm H. Holzapfel,
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Splichal I, Donovan SM, Jenistova V, Splichalova I, Salmonova H, Vlkova E, Neuzil Bunesova V, Sinkora M, Killer J, Skrivanova E, Splichalova A. High Mobility Group Box 1 and TLR4 Signaling Pathway in Gnotobiotic Piglets Colonized/Infected with L. amylovorus, L. mucosae, E. coli Nissle 1917 and S. Typhimurium. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6294. [PMID: 31847111 PMCID: PMC6940798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding nuclear protein that can be actively secreted by immune cells after different immune stimuli or passively released from cells undergoing necrosis. HMGB1 amplifies inflammation, and its hypersecretion contributes to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. We tested possible immunomodulatory effect of commensal Lactobacillus amylovorus (LA), Lactobacillus mucosae (LM) or probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) in infection of gnotobiotic piglets with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Transcription of HMGB1 and Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 4, and 9 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), TLR4-related molecules (MD-2, CD14, and LBP), and adaptor proteins (MyD88 and TRIF) in the ileum and colon were measured by RT-qPCR. Expression of TLR4 and its related molecules were highly upregulated in the ST-infected intestine, which was suppressed by EcN, but not LA nor LM. In contrast, HMGB1 expression was unaffected by ST infection or commensal/probiotic administration. HMGB1 protein levels in the intestine measured by ELISA were increased in ST-infected piglets, but they were decreased by previous colonization with E. coli Nissle 1917 only. We conclude that the stability of HMGB1 mRNA expression in all piglet groups could show its importance for DNA transcription and physiological cell functions. The presence of HMGB1 protein in the intestinal lumen probably indicates cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Splichal
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Vera Jenistova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Iva Splichalova
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Hana Salmonova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva Vlkova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Vera Neuzil Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Marek Sinkora
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Jiri Killer
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Skrivanova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Alla Splichalova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
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Aziz K, Haseeb Zaidi A, Fatima HN, Tariq M. Lactobacillus fermentum strains of dairy-product origin adhere to mucin and survive digestive juices. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1771-1786. [PMID: 31613203 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. There is an ever present need to isolate and characterize indigenous bacterial strains with potential probiotic health benefits for humans.Aim. Lactobacillus fermentum of dairy origin was focused because of its propensity to adhere to the intestinal glycoprotein, mucin.Methodology. The lactobacillus strains were screened for mucin adhesion, resistance to low pH and bile, autoaggregation, hydrophobicity, and survival in an in vitro digestion model. The cholesterol-lowering and oxalate-degrading effects of selected strains were also determined. Safety was assessed for haemolytic, mucinolytic and gelatinase activity, biogenic amine production, antibiotic resistance and phenol resistance. Expression of the 32-mmub adhesion-related gene was also measured following strain exposure to simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) digestion.Results. The selected mucin-adhesive strains were tolerant to acid (pH 3.0) and bile (0.25 %) and demonstrated >85 % survival following simulated human digestion in the presence of milk. The digestive treatment did not affect the adhesive potential of PL20, and PL27, regardless of the food matrix. The simulated digestion had less effect on their adhesion than on the type strain and it also did not correlate with the mmub gene expression level as determined by qPCR. The selected strains exhibited cholesterol removal (36-44 %) and degraded oxalate (66-55 %). Neither of these strains exhibited undesirable characteristics.Conclusion. These preliminary findings suggest a functionality in the two strains of L. fermentum with high colonization potential on GIT mucosal membranes and possible health-promoting effects. This prima facie evidence suggests the need for further studies to test these probiotic candidates as live biotherapeutic agents in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Aziz
- National Probiotic Lab-NIBGE, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Probiotic Lab-NIBGE, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
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Rossi F, Amadoro C, Colavita G. Members of the Lactobacillus Genus Complex (LGC) as Opportunistic Pathogens: A Review. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E126. [PMID: 31083452 PMCID: PMC6560513 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms belonging to the Lactobacillus genus complex (LGC) are naturally associated or deliberately added to fermented food products and are widely used as probiotic food supplements. Moreover, these bacteria normally colonize the mouth, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and female genitourinary tract of humans. They exert multiple beneficial effects and are regarded as safe microorganisms. However, infections caused by lactobacilli, mainly endocarditis, bacteremia, and pleuropneumonia, occasionally occur. The relevance of Lactobacillus spp. and other members of the LGC as opportunistic pathogens in humans and related risk factors and predisposing conditions are illustrated in this review article with more emphasis on the species L. rhamnosus that has been more often involved in infection cases. The methods used to identify this species in clinical samples, to distinguish strains and to evaluate traits that can be associated to pathogenicity, as well as future perspectives for improving the identification of potentially pathogenic strains, are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Rossi
- Diagnostica Specialistica, Sezione di Isernia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", C.da Breccelle Snc, 86170 Isernia, Italy.
| | - Carmela Amadoro
- Medicine and Health Science Department "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via de Santis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Giampaolo Colavita
- Medicine and Health Science Department "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via de Santis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
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Taherian M, Mahin Samadi P, Rastegar H, Faramarzi MA, Rostami-Nejad M, Yazdi MH, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Yazdi Z. An Overview on Probiotics as an Alternative Strategy for Prevention and Treatment of Human Diseases. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:31-50. [PMID: 32802088 PMCID: PMC7393061 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112232.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are viable and useful microorganisms, which are beneficial factors for human and animal health by altering their microbial flora. Most of the probiotics belong to a large group of bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract. There are several clinical shreds of evidence that show anti-carcinogenic effects of probiotics through altering digestive enzymes, inhibition of carcinogenic agents, and modulating the immune responses in experimental animals. Many studies have been performed to evaluate the potential effectiveness of probiotics in treating or preventing neurological diseases such as MS and novel treatment modality for T1D. The purpose of this study is to have an overview on probiotic microorganisms and to review the previous researches on the effects of probiotics on health through currently available literatures. The study was performed using following keywords; Probiotics, Cancer, Immune system, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Diabetes mellitus. PubMed/Medline, Clinicaltrials.gov, Ovid, Google Scholar, and Reaxcys databases used to find the full text of related articles. According to the current available data on probiotics and related health-promoting benefits, it seems that, consumption of probiotics can lead to the prevention and reduction the risk of cancer, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Although for the better and more decisive conclusion, there is a need to larger sample size clinical studies with more focus on the safety of these biological agents and their possible beneficial effects on different population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Taherian
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Iran Food and Drug Organization (FDO), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pariya Mahin Samadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Rastegar
- Food and Drug Cosmetic Research Center, Iran Food and Drug Organization (FDO), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Yazdi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Evidence-based Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Yazdi
- Department of Medicine and epidemiology, School of veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
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