1
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Gong Y, Yin S, Sun S, Li M. Chelerythrine reverses the drug resistance of resistant Candida albicans and the biofilm to fluconazole. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:1325-1333. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the antifungal activity of chelerythrine in combination with fluconazole against planktonic Candida albicans strains and preformed biofilm. Materials & methods: A broth microdilution assay was used to reveal the antifungal activity of chelerythrine combined with fluconazole against C. albicans and the preformed biofilm. A fractional inhibitory concentration index model was used to evaluate the interaction. Results: Chelerythrine strongly synergized with fluconazole against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and the biofilm preformed for less than 12 h. In addition, chelerythrine combined with fluconazole exhibited a synergistic effect against C. albicans morphogenesis. Conclusion: Chelerythrine could reverse the drug resistance of resistant C. albicans and its biofilm to fluconazole, providing new insights for overcoming the drug resistance of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Yin
- Medical Engineering Section, Weihai Municipal Hosptital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, 264200, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
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2
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Costa PDS, Prado A, Bagon NP, Negri M, Svidzinski TIE. Mixed Fungal Biofilms: From Mycobiota to Devices, a New Challenge on Clinical Practice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091721. [PMID: 36144323 PMCID: PMC9506030 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most current protocols for the diagnosis of fungal infections are based on culture-dependent methods that allow the evaluation of fungal morphology and the identification of the etiologic agent of mycosis. Most current protocols for the diagnosis of fungal infections are based on culture-dependent methods that enable the examination of the fungi for further identification of the etiological agent of the mycosis. The isolation of fungi from pure cultures is typically recommended, as when more than one species is identified, the second agent is considered a contaminant. Fungi mostly survive in highly organized communities that provoke changes in phenotypic profile, increase resistance to antifungals and environmental stresses, and facilitate evasion from the immune system. Mixed fungal biofilms (MFB) harbor more than one fungal species, wherein exchange can occur that potentialize the effects of these virulence factors. However, little is known about MFB and their role in infectious processes, particularly in terms of how each species may synergistically contribute to the pathogenesis. Here, we review fungi present in MFB that are commensals of the human body, forming the mycobiota, and how their participation in MFB affects the maintenance of homeostasis. In addition, we discuss how MFB are formed on both biotic and abiotic surfaces, thus being a significant reservoir of microorganisms that have already been associated in infectious processes of high morbidity and mortality.
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3
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A microplate‐based Response Surface Methodology model for growth optimization and biofilm formation on polystyrene polymeric material in a
Candida albicans
and
Escherichia coli
co‐culture. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Ashrit P, Sadanandan B, Shetty K, Vaniyamparambath V. Polymicrobial Biofilm Dynamics of Multidrug-Resistant Candida albicans and Ampicillin-Resistant Escherichia coli and Antimicrobial Inhibition by Aqueous Garlic Extract. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050573. [PMID: 35625217 PMCID: PMC9137478 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymicrobial biofilm of C. albicans with E. coli exhibits a dynamic interspecies interaction and is refractory to conventional antimicrobials. In this study, a high biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant strain of C. albicans overcomes inhibition by E. coli in a 24 h coculture. However, following treatment with whole Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE), these individual biofilms of multidrug-resistant C. albicans M-207 and Ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli ATCC 39936 and their polymicrobial biofilm were prevented, as evidenced by biochemical and structural characterization. This study advances the antimicrobial potential of AGE to inhibit drug-resistant C. albicans and bacterial-associated polymicrobial biofilms, suggesting the potential for effective combinatorial and synergistic antimicrobial designs with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Ashrit
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, India; (P.A.); (V.V.)
| | - Bindu Sadanandan
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, India; (P.A.); (V.V.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-80-2308331; Fax: +91-80-2360-3124
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA;
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Chen M, Cheng T, Xu C, Pan M, Wu J, Wang T, Wu D, Yan G, Wang C, Shao J. Sodium houttuyfonate enhances the mono-therapy of fluconazole on oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) through HIF-1α/IL-17 axis by inhibiting cAMP mediated filamentation in Candida albicans-Candida glabrata dual biofilms. Virulence 2022; 13:428-443. [PMID: 35195502 PMCID: PMC8890385 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2035066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans and Candida glabrata are two common opportunistic fungi that can be co-isolated in oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC). Hypha is a hallmark of the biofilm formation of C. albicans, indispensable for the attachment of C. glabrata, which is seldom in mycelial morphology. Increasing evidence reveals a hypoxic microenvironment in interior fungal biofilms, reminding of a fact that inflammation is usually accompanied by oxygen deprivation. As a result, it is assumed that the disaggregation of hypha-mediated hypoxia of biofilms might be a solution to alleviate OPC. Based on this hypothesis, sodium houttuyfonate (SH), a well-identified traditional herbal compound with antifungal activity, is used in combination with fluconazole (FLU), a well-informed synthesized antimycotics, to investigate their impact on filamentation in C. albicans and C. glabrata dual biofilms and the underlying mechanism of their combined treatment on OPC. The results show that compared with the single therapy, SH plus FLU can inhibit the hyphal growth in the mixed biofilms in vitro, decrease the fungal burden of oral tissues and internal organs, restore mucosal epithelial integrity and function, and reduce hypoxic microenvironment and inflammation in a mice OPC model. The possible mechanism of the combined therapy of SH plus FLU can be attributed to the regulation of HIF-1α/IL-17A axis through direct abrogation of the dual Candida biofilm formation. This study highlights the role of HIF-1α/IL-17A axis and the promising application of SH as a sensitizer of conventional antifungals in the treatment of OPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Chen
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui P. R, China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui P. R, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui P. R, China
| | - Min Pan
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui P. R, China
| | - Jiadi Wu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui P. R, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R, China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui P. R, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui P. R, China.,Cas Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.r, China
| | - Guiming Yan
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui P. R, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui P. R, China
| | - Changzhong Wang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui P. R, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui P. R, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui P. R, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui P. R, China
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6
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Sadanandan B, Ashrit P, Nataraj LK, Shetty K, Jogalekar AP, Vaniyamparambath V, Hemanth B. High throughput comparative assessment of biofilm formation of Candida glabrata on polystyrene material. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-1054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Senthilganesh J, Kuppusamy S, Durairajan R, Subramanian S, Veerappan A, Paramasivam N. Phytolectin nanoconjugates in combination with standard antifungals curb multi-species biofilms and virulence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) causing Candida albicans and Non albicans Candida. Med Mycol 2021; 60:6484805. [PMID: 34958385 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is commonly occurring yeast infection caused by Candida species in women. Among Candida species, C. albicans is the predominant member that causes vaginal candidiasis followed by Candida glabrata. Biofilm formation by Candida albicans on the vaginal mucosal tissue leads to VVC infection and is one of the factors for a commensal organism to get into virulent form leading to disease. In addition to that, morphological switching from yeast to hyphal form increases the risk of pathogenesis as it aids in tissue invasion. In this study, jacalin, a phyto-lectin complexed Copper sulfide nanoparticles (NPs) have been explored to eradicate the mono and mixed species biofilms formed by fluconazole resistant C. albicans and C. glabrata isolated from VVC patients. NPs along with standard antifungals like micafungin and amphotericin B have been evaluated to explore interaction behaviour and we observed synergistic interactions between them. Microscopic techniques like light microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to visualize the inhibition of biofilm by NPs and in synergistic combinations with standard antifungals. Real time PCR analysis was carried out to study the expression pattern of the highly virulent genes which are responsible for yeast to hyphal switch, drug resistance and biofilm formation upon treatment with NPs in combination with standard antifungals. The current study shows that lectin conjugated NPs with standard antifungals might be a different means to disrupt the mixed species population of Candida spp. that causes VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasankari Senthilganesh
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shruthi Kuppusamy
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rubini Durairajan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivabala Subramanian
- Chemical Biology laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anbazhagan Veerappan
- Chemical Biology laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nithyanand Paramasivam
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Prado A, Brito RO, Pereira ECA, Correa JL, Neto MG, Dayyeh BKA, Negri M, Svidzinski TIE. First Study of Naturally Formed Fungal Biofilms on the Surface of Intragastric Balloons. Obes Surg 2021; 31:5348-5357. [PMID: 34570305 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intragastric balloon (IGB) is a medical device used in the endoscopic treatment of pre-obesity and obesity. The involvement of IGB with biofilms has been previously reported; however, little is still known. We determine the frequency of biofilms naturally formed on the external surface of IGB, as well as some variables related to IGB types and patients features, species of fungi involved, and biofilm evidence. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted based on endoscopies and medical records of patients with explanted IGB between 2015 and 2018, which had masses strongly adhered to the surface of the balloon, suspecting the presence of a biofilm. From 2018, the samples of those masses were investigated seeking biofilm characterization based on mycological and structural aspects. RESULTS A total of 149 endoscopies were surveyed; 27 IGBs (18.12%) showed signs suggesting biofilm formation. There was no significant difference between biofilm involvement in IGB and the anthropometric and demographic profile of the patients. On the other hand, there was a significant difference regarding the IGB type, 24.05% of the adjustable IGB were compromised by biofilm, while in non-adjustable IGB, it was 11.43% (p = 0.04; OR 2.45; 95% CI, 0.98-6.12). Candida glabrata was the most isolated fungal species from the well-organized fungal biofilm. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of fungal biofilm naturally formed on the external surface of IGB was elevated. The risk of biofilm formation was increased for the adjustable IGB, but it did not relate to the demographic data and anthropometric patient profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Prado
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Clinical Analysis, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Rubens O Brito
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Mgastro Digestive Tract Medical Center, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Elton C A Pereira
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Clinical Analysis, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Jakeline L Correa
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Clinical Analysis, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Manoel G Neto
- Division of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, ABC Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barham K A Dayyeh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melyssa Negri
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Clinical Analysis, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Terezinha I E Svidzinski
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Clinical Analysis, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil.
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9
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Pan M, Wang Q, Cheng T, Wu D, Wang T, Yan G, Shao J. Paeonol assists fluconazole and amphotericin B to inhibit virulence factors and pathogenicity of Candida albicans. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:922-937. [PMID: 34615415 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1985473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the mono- and dual- antifungal activities of paeonol (PAE) and fluconazole (FLZ)/amphotericin B (AmB). To this end, the effects of PAE and FLZ/AmB on cell surface hydrophobicity, hydrolase activity, morphological transition were investigated in vitro and in a Galleria mellonella infection model. The results showed a relatively high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and sessile MIC (SMIC) of PAE alone. However, compared with the single drug, the combined use of PAE and FLZ/AmB had a potent synergistic potential to inhibit the virulence factors for Candida. The concomitant use of two drugs was consistently more effective than either drug alone for increasing survival rate, decreasing the fungal burden, and alleviating the pathological features of G. mellonella infected by the fungus. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the anti-Candida effects of PAE plus FLZ/AmB and their potential to increase the sensitivity of C. albicans to FLZ/AmB of PAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pan
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Qirui Wang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Guiming Yan
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
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10
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Li Q, Liu J, Chen M, Ma K, Wang T, Wu D, Yan G, Wang C, Shao J. Abundance interaction in Candida albicans and Candida glabrata mixed biofilms under diverse conditions. Med Mycol 2021; 59:158-167. [PMID: 32453815 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans and Candida glabrata are frequently coisolated from the oral cavity in immunosuppressive or immunocompromised individuals. Their relationship is usually defined as competition as C. glabrata can inhibit growth of C. albicans in cohabitation. In this study, eight C. albicans isolates as well as two C. glabrata strains were used to investigate the effects of culture medium (Roswell Park Memorial Institute [RPMI]-1640, YPD, YND), incubation time (24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h), initial inoculum (C. glabrata: C. albicans = 2:1, 1:1, 1:2), and medium state (static and dynamic states) on viable cell enumeration and relative abundance in both Candida SB and MB. The results showed that in most cases, C. glabrata and C. albicans SB and MB flourished in RPMI-1640 at 24 h under dynamic state compared with other conditions. Except YPD medium, there were high proportions of preponderance of C. albicans over C. glabrata in MB compared with SB. High initial inoculum promoted corresponding Candida number in both SB and MB and its abundance in MB relative to SB. This study revealed an impact of several environmental conditions on the formation of C. albicans and C. glabrata SB and MB and their abundance in MB in comparison with SB, deepening our understanding of both Candida interaction and their resistance mechanism in MB. LAY SUMMARY This study described the effects of diverse experimental conditions on the numbers of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata single biofilms and mixed biofilms and their abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Mengli Chen
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Kelong Ma
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Xin'An Building, No. 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei 230038, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Xin'An Building, No. 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei 230038, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Xin'An Building, No. 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei 230038, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Guiming Yan
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Xin'An Building, No. 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei 230038, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Changzhong Wang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Xin'An Building, No. 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei 230038, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Room, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, No. 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Xin'An Building, No. 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei 230038, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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Bekkal Brikci Benhabib O, Boucherit-Otmani Z, Boucherit K, Djediat C. Interaction in a dual-species biofilm of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata co-isolated from intravascular catheter. Microb Pathog 2020; 152:104613. [PMID: 33227365 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of catheters for vascular access may be associated with colonization by Candida species and their biofilm-forming ability. The latter can harbor two or more species of Candida yeast. In the sense, we conducted our study at the University Hospital of Tlemcen in west Algeria at the neuro-surgery unit, that aims (or which aims) to evaluate the ability to form mixed biofilm by dual-species Candida albicans/Candida glabrata co-isolated from intravascular catheters and their interaction in biofilm. That is the first report in Algeria. During this study, we took photographic images by scanning electron microscopy of 3 catheters implanted before 48 h and co-colonized by dual-species. From all taken samples, 34 catheters were altered by yeasts from which three were co-colonized by two Candida species and C. albicans established synergistic and competitive interactions with C. glabrata species in mixed biofilm tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Z Boucherit-Otmani
- Laboratory Antibiotics Antifungals, Physico-chemical, Synthesis and Biological Activities, University of Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - K Boucherit
- Centre Universitaire Ain Témouchent, Algeria; Laboratory Antibiotics Antifungals, Physico-chemical, Synthesis and Biological Activities, University of Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - C Djediat
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Araujo HC, Arias LS, Caldeirão ACM, Assumpção LCDF, Morceli MG, de Souza Neto FN, de Camargo ER, Oliveira SHP, Pessan JP, Monteiro DR. Novel Colloidal Nanocarrier of Cetylpyridinium Chloride: Antifungal Activities on Candida Species and Cytotoxic Potential on Murine Fibroblasts. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040218. [PMID: 33053629 PMCID: PMC7712500 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers have been used as alternative tools to overcome the resistance of Candida species to conventional treatments. This study prepared a nanocarrier of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) conjugated with chitosan (CS), and assessed its antifungal and cytotoxic effects. CPC was immobilized on CS-coated IONPs, and the nanocarrier was physico-chemically characterized. Antifungal effects were determined on planktonic cells of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata (by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays) and on single- and dual-species biofilms of these strains (by quantification of cultivable cells, total biomass and metabolic activity). Murine fibroblasts were exposed to different concentrations of the nanocarrier, and the cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT reduction assay. Characterization methods confirmed the presence of a nanocarrier smaller than 313 nm. IONPs-CS-CPC and free CPC showed the same MIC values (0.78 µg mL−1). CPC-containing nanocarrier at 78 µg mL−1 significantly reduced the number of cultivable cells for all biofilms, surpassing the effect promoted by free CPC. For total biomass, metabolic activity, and cytotoxic effects, the nanocarrier and free CPC produced statistically similar outcomes. In conclusion, the IONPs-CS-CPC nanocarrier was more effective than CPC in reducing the cultivable cells of Candida biofilms without increasing the cytotoxic effects of CPC, and may be a useful tool for the treatment of oral fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor Ceolin Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Laís Salomão Arias
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Anne Caroline Morais Caldeirão
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD—Master’s Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil;
| | - Lanay Caroline de Freitas Assumpção
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil; (L.C.d.F.A.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Marcela Grigoletto Morceli
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil; (L.C.d.F.A.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Francisco Nunes de Souza Neto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | | | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil;
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD—Master’s Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil;
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil; (L.C.d.F.A.); (M.G.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-18-3229-1000
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Araujo HC, da Silva ACG, Paião LI, Magario MKW, Frasnelli SCT, Oliveira SHP, Pessan JP, Monteiro DR. Antimicrobial, antibiofilm and cytotoxic effects of a colloidal nanocarrier composed by chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles loaded with chlorhexidine. J Dent 2020; 101:103453. [PMID: 32827599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of a colloidal nanocarrier for chlorhexidine (CHX) on Candida glabrata and Enterococcus faecalis, as well as tested its cytotoxic effect on murine fibroblasts. METHODS Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were coated with chitosan (CS) and loaded with CHX at 31.2, 78 and 156 μg/mL. Antimicrobial effects were assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), using the broth microdilution method, and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). Preformed biofilms (48 h) were treated with different concentrations of the nanocarrier (24 h) and quantified by colony-forming units (CFUs), total biomass and metabolic activity. For cytotoxicity, the viability of L929 cells was evaluated by MTT assay after 24 and 48 h of exposure to the nanocarrier. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Fisher LSD or Tukey post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS MIC and FICI results showed an indifferent interaction among the components of the nanocarrier for all strains evaluated. CHX alone and nanocarrier containing 156 μg/mL CHX did not differ from each other in reducing the number of CFUs. However, the nanocarrier containing 156 μg/mL CHX promoted the highest reductions in total biofilm biomass and metabolism, surpassing the effect of CHX alone. After 24 and 48 h of exposure, the nanocarrier reduced CHX toxicity to the L929 cell at low concentrations. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the CHX nanocarrier has potential to be used in the control of oral diseases associated with C. glabrata and E. faecalis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CHX has improved the antibiofilm effect and reduced the cytotoxicity (at low concentrations) when conjugated to CS-coated IONPs. This new colloidal formulation has potential as an alternative antimicrobial agent to pure CHX for the control of biofilm-related oral diseases, such as oral candidiasis and endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor Ceolin Araujo
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes da Silva
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), 19050-920 Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Isabel Paião
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), 19050-920 Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mychelle Keiko Watanabe Magario
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), 19050-920 Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Cruz Tfaile Frasnelli
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Basic Sciences, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Basic Sciences, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD - Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), 19050-920 Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Arias LS, Pessan JP, de Souza Neto FN, Lima BHR, de Camargo ER, Ramage G, Delbem ACB, Monteiro DR. Novel nanocarrier of miconazole based on chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as a nanotherapy to fight Candida biofilms. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 192:111080. [PMID: 32361504 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Overexposure of microorganisms to conventional drugs has led to resistant species that require new treatment strategies. This study prepared and characterized a nanocarrier of miconazole (MCZ) based on iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) functionalized with chitosan (CS), and tested its antifungal activity against biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. IONPs-CS-MCZ nanocarrier was prepared by loading MCZ on CS-covered IONPs and characterized by physicochemical methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the nanocarrier was determined by the microdilution method. Biofilms were developed (48 h) in microtiter plates and treated with MCZ-carrying nanocarrier at 31.2 and 78 μg/mL, in both the presence and absence of an external magnetic field (EMF). Biofilms were evaluated by total biomass, metabolic activity, cultivable cells (CFU), extracellular matrix components, scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak test (p < 0.05). A nanocarrier with diameter lower than 50 nm was obtained, presenting MIC values lower than those found for MCZ, and showing synergism for C. albicans and indifference for C. glabrata (fractional inhibitory concentration indexes of <0.12 and <0.53, respectively). IONPs-CS-MCZ did not affect total biomass and extracellular matrix. IONPs-CS-MCZ containing 78 μg/mL MCZ showed a superior antibiofilm effect to MCZ in reducing CFU and metabolism for single biofilms of C. albicans and dual-species biofilms. The EMF did not improve the nanocarrier effects. Microscopy confirmed the antibiofilm effect of the nanocarrier. In conclusion, IONPs-CS-MCZ was more effective than MCZ mainly against C. albicans planktonic cells and number of CFU and metabolism of the biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Salomão Arias
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Nunes de Souza Neto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD - Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), 19050-920 Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
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de Barros PP, Rossoni RD, de Souza CM, Scorzoni L, Fenley JDC, Junqueira JC. Candida Biofilms: An Update on Developmental Mechanisms and Therapeutic Challenges. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:415-424. [PMID: 32277380 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Candida are important etiological agents of superficial and life-threatening infections in individuals with a compromised immune system. One of the main characteristics of Candida is its ability to form highly drug tolerance biofilms in the human host. Biofilms are a dynamic community of multiple cell types whose formation over time is orchestrated by a network of transcription regulators. In this brief review, we provide an update of the processes involved in biofilm formation by Candida spp. (formation, treatment, and control), as well as the transcriptional circuitry that regulates its development and interactions with other microorganisms. Candida albicans is known to build mixed species biofilms with other Candida species and with various other bacterial species in different host niches. Taken together, these properties play a key role in Candida pathogenesis. In addition, this review gathers recent studies with new insights and perspectives for the treatment and control of Candida biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pimentel de Barros
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Rodnei Dennis Rossoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Cheyenne Marçal de Souza
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana De Camargo Fenley
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
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