1
|
Qian S, Zhang D, Yang Z, Li R, Zhang X, Gao F, Yu L. The role of immunoglobulin transport receptor, neonatal Fc receptor in mucosal infection and immunity and therapeutic intervention. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112583. [PMID: 38971109 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) can transport IgG and antigen-antibody complexes participating in mucosal immune responses that protect the host from most pathogens' invasion via the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts. FcRn expression can be triggered upon stimulation with pathogenic invasion on mucosal surfaces, which may significantly modulate the innate immune response of the host. As an immunoglobulin transport receptor, FcRn is implicated in the pathophysiology of immune-related diseases such as infection and autoimmune disorders. In this review, we thoroughly summarize the recent advancement of FcRn in mucosal immunity and its therapeutic strategy. This includes insights into its regulation mechanisms of FcRn expression influenced by pathogens, its emerging role in mucosal immunity and its potential probability as a therapeutic target in infection and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoju Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Henan 453003, China
| | - Danqiong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Henan 453003, China
| | - Zishan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Henan 453003, China
| | - Ruixue Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xuehan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Henan 453003, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Henan 453003, China
| | - Lili Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Henan 453003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qian S, Li R, He Y, Wang H, Zhang D, Sun A, Yu L, Song X, Zhao T, Chen Z, Yang Z. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant lactococcus lactis vaccine against HSV-1 infection. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:244. [PMID: 39252072 PMCID: PMC11385484 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a major cause of viral encephalitis, genital mucosal infections, and neonatal infections. Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) has been proven to be an effective vehicle for delivering protein antigens and stimulating both mucosal and systemic immune responses. In this study, we constructed a recombinant L. lactis system expressing the protective antigen glycoprotein D (gD) of HSV-1. RESULTS To improve the stability and persistence of antigen stimulation of the local mucosa, we inserted the immunologic adjuvant interleukin (IL)-2 and the Fc fragment of IgG into the expression system, and a recombinant L. lactis named NZ3900-gD-IL-2-Fc was constructed. By utilizing this recombinant L. lactis strain to elicit an immune response and evaluate the protective effect in mice, the recombinant L. lactis vaccine induced a significant increase in specific neutralizing antibodies, IgG, IgA, interferon-γ, and IL-4 levels in the serum of mice. Furthermore, in comparison to the mice in the control group, the vaccine also enhanced the proliferation levels of lymphocytes in response to gD. Moreover, recombinant L. lactis expressing gD significantly boosted nonspecific immune reactions in mice through the activation of immune-related genes. Furthermore, following the HSV-1 challenge of the murine lung mucosa, mice inoculated with the experimental vaccine exhibited less lung damage than control mice. CONCLUSION Our study presents a novel method for constructing a recombinant vaccine using the food-grade, non-pathogenic, and non-commercial bacterium L. lactis. The findings indicate that this recombinant vaccine shows promise in preventing HSV-1 infection in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoju Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, 453003, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Ruixue Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yeqing He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hexi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Danqiong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Aiping Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, 453003, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xiangfeng Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, 453003, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Tiesuo Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, 453003, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, 453003, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zishan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, 453003, Henan, China.
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guenther MC, Borowicz PP, Hirchert MR, Semanchik PL, Simons JL, Fridley J, White-Springer SH, Hammer CJ. Identifying the immunoglobulin G transporter in equine tissues: A look at the neonatal Fc receptor. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 139:105131. [PMID: 38879095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is the receptor responsible for bidirectional transport of immunoglobulin G (IgG) across cells, maintenance of IgG levels in serum, and assisting with antigen presentation. Unfortunately, little is known about FcRn in horses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to provide fundamental information regarding the location of FcRn in equine tissues. Tissues were collected from six horses of mixed breed, age, and sex immediately following euthanasia. Sampling locations included the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), other visceral organs, cornea, and synovial membrane of the stifle and carpal joints. Tissues for histological analysis were fixed, cross sectioned, and stained for FcRn. Areas of interest were captured and analyzed with data represented as relative fluorescence (RF) to indicate FcRn abundance. Tissues for qPCR analysis were placed in RNAlater and relative quantification (RQ) of FcRn transcripts (FCGRT) was calculated using the 2-ΔΔCT method, normalized to the geometric mean of three reference genes (ACTB, GADPH, HPRT1). Data were analyzed using the general linear model procedure of SAS. Abundance of FcRn differed between tissue types by immunofluorescence and qPCR analysis (P < 0.01). Joint synovium and respiratory tract tissues had the highest RF, GIT tissues expressed moderate RF, and other visceral organs had the lowest RF. Conversely, liver and kidney tissues had the highest RQ while the stomach and cornea had the lowest RQ. These data lay the foundation for future studies regarding FcRn and IgG in horses and their roles in disease prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Guenther
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, NDSU Dept 7630 58108-6050, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - P P Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, NDSU Dept 7630 58108-6050, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - M R Hirchert
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, NDSU Dept 7630 58108-6050, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - P L Semanchik
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Room 249D Kleberg, 2471 TAMU, 77843-2471, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J L Simons
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Room 249D Kleberg, 2471 TAMU, 77843-2471, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J Fridley
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Veterinary Large Animal Hospital, 500 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, 4475 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - S H White-Springer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Room 249D Kleberg, 2471 TAMU, 77843-2471, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, Room 309 Gilchrist, 2929 Research Parkway 77843-4243, College Station, TX, USA
| | - C J Hammer
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, NDSU Dept 7630 58108-6050, Fargo, ND, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang G, Peng Q, Liu S, Fan B, Wang C, Song X, Cao Q, Li C, Xu H, Lu H, Bao M, Yang S, Li Y, Wang J, Li B. The glycosylation sites in RBD of spike protein attenuate the immunogenicity of PEDV AH2012/12. Virus Res 2024; 345:199381. [PMID: 38679392 PMCID: PMC11070342 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious swine intestinal disease caused by PED virus (PEDV). Vaccination is a promising strategy to prevent and control PED. Previous studies have confirmed that glycosylation could regulate the immunogenicity of viral antigens. In this study, we constructed three recombinant PEDVs which removed the glycosylation sites in RBD. Viral infection assays revealed that similar replication characteristics between the recombinant viruses and parental PEDV. Although animal challenging study demonstrated that the glycosylation sites in RBD do not affect the pathogenicity of PEDV, we found that removing the glycosylation sites on the RBD regions could promote the IgG and neutralization titer in vivo, suggesting deglycosylation in RBD could enhance the immunogenicity of PEDV. These findings demonstrated that removal of the glycosylation sites in RBD is a promising method to develop PEDV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gege Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Chuanhong Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Xu Song
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Qiuxia Cao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Hongting Lu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Meiying Bao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Yunchuan Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian WJ, Zhang XZ, Wang J, Liu JF, Li FH, Wang XJ. Calmodulin-like 5 promotes PEDV replication by regulating late-endosome synthesis and innate immune response. Virol Sin 2024; 39:501-512. [PMID: 38789039 PMCID: PMC11280258 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The infection caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is associated with high mortality in piglets worldwide. Host factors involved in the efficient replication of PEDV, however, remain largely unknown. Our recent proteomic study in the virus-host interaction network revealed a significant increase in the accumulation of CALML5 (EF-hand protein calmodulin-like 5) following PEDV infection. A further study unveiled a biphasic increase of CALML5 in 2 and 12 h after viral infection. Similar trends were observed in the intestines of piglets in the early and late stages of the PEDV challenge. Moreover, CALML5 depletion reduced PEDV mRNA and protein levels, leading to a one-order-of-magnitude decrease in virus titer. At the early stage of PEDV infection, CALML5 affected the endosomal trafficking pathway by regulating the expression of endosomal sorting complex related cellular proteins. CALML5 depletion also suppressed IFN-β and IL-6 production in the PEDV-infected cells, thereby indicating its involvement in negatively regulating the innate immune response. Our study reveals the biological function of CALML5 in the virology field and offers new insights into the PEDV-host cell interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiu-Zhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fu-Huang Li
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry Service (South Section), Beijing, 102218, China.
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li C, Wu Q, Song H, Lu H, Yang K, Liu Z, Liu W, Gao T, Yuan F, Zhu J, Guo R, Tian Y, Zhou D. Elucidating the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of the highly virulent G2a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. J Gen Virol 2024; 105. [PMID: 38270573 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the large-scale outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) in 2010, caused by the genotype 2 (G2) variant of the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), pig farms in China, even those vaccinated with the G2b vaccine, have experienced infections from the G2a variant, leading to significant economic losses. This study successfully isolated the G2a strain DY2020 from positive small intestine contents (SICs) by blind passage on Vero cells for four generations. The SICs were taken from Daye, Hubei Province, China. The biological characteristics were identified by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The growth kinetics of the strain on Vero cells were detected by TCID50, and the virus titre could reach 107.35 TCID50 ml-1 (SD: 5.07×106). The pathogenicity towards colostrum-deprived piglets was conducted by assessing faecal viral shedding, morphometric analysis of intestinal lesions, and immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that DY2020 was highly virulent to colostrum-deprived piglets, with severe watery diarrhoea and other clinical symptoms appeared at 6 h post-infection (h p.i.), and all died within 30 h. Pathological tissue examination results showed that the lesions mainly occurred in the intestines of piglets, causing pathological changes such as shortening of intestinal villi. In summary, the discovery of the G2a strain DY2020 in this study is of great significance for understanding Hubei PEDV and provides an important theoretical basis for the development of new efficient PEDV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Haofei Song
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Hongyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu K, Liu X, Lu Y, Long M, Bai J, Qin Q, Su X, He G, Mi X, Yang C, Wang R, Wang H, Chen Y, Wei Z, Huang W, Ouyang K. Biological Characteristics and Pathogenicity Analysis of a Low Virulence G2a Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0453522. [PMID: 37199637 PMCID: PMC10269638 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04535-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak caused by a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) variant in 2010, the current epidemic of PEDV genotype 2 (G2) has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry in China. In order to better understand the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of the current PEDV field strains, 12 PEDV isolates were collected and plaque purified during 2017 to 2018 in Guangxi, China. The neutralizing epitopes of the spike proteins and the ORF3 proteins were analyzed to evaluate genetic variations, and they were compared with the reported G2a and G2b strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the S protein showed that the 12 isolates were clustered into the G2 subgroup (with 5 and 7 strains in G2a and G2b, respectively) and that they shared 97.4 to 99.9% amino acid identities. Among them, one of the G2a strains, CH/GXNN-1/2018, which had a titer of 106.15 PFU/mL, was selected for pathogenicity analysis. Although piglets infected with the CH/GXNN-1/2018 strain exhibited severe clinical signs and the highest level of virus shedding within 24 h postinfection (hpi), recovery and decreased virus shedding were seen after 48 hpi, and no piglets died during the whole process. Thus, the CH/GXNN-1/2018 strain had low virulence in suckling piglets. Virus neutralizing antibody analysis showed that the CH/GXNN-1/2018 strain induced cross-protection against both homologous G2a and heterologous G2b PEDV strains as early as 72 hpi. These results are of great significance for understanding PEDV in Guangxi, China, and they provide a promising naturally occurring low-virulent vaccine candidate for further study. IMPORTANCE The current epidemic of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) G2 has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry. Evaluation for low virulence of the PEDV strains of subgroup G2a would be useful for the future development of effective vaccines. In this study, 12 field strains of PEDV were obtained successfully, and they were characterized from Guangxi, China. The neutralizing epitopes of the spike proteins and the ORF3 proteins were analyzed to evaluate antigenic variations. One of the G2a strains, CH/GXNN-1/2018, was selected for pathogenicity analysis, and it showed that the CH/GXNN-1/2018 strain had low virulence in suckling piglets. These results provide a promising naturally occurring low-virulent vaccine candidate for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kechen Yu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Meijing Long
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiaguo Bai
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuying Qin
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xueli Su
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Guifu He
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue Mi
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chunjie Yang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ruomu Wang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hejie Wang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sohn EJ, Kang H, Min K, Park M, Kim JH, Seo HW, Lee SJ, Kim H, Tark D, Cho HS, Choi BH, Oh Y. A Plant-Derived Maternal Vaccine against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Protects Piglets through Maternally Derived Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050965. [PMID: 37243069 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborn piglets are susceptible to a highly contagious enteritis caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), associated with high levels of mortality worldwide. There is pressing need for a rapid, safe, and cost-effective vaccine to safeguard pigs from getting infected by PEDV. PEDV belongs to the coronavirus family and is characterized by high levels of mutability. The primary goal of a PEDV vaccine is to provide immunity to newborn piglets through vaccination of sows. Plant-based vaccines are becoming more popular because they have low manufacturing costs, are easily scalable, have high thermostability, and a long shelf life. This is in contrast to conventional vaccines which include inactivated, live, and/or recombinant types that can be expensive and have limited ability to respond to rapidly mutating viruses. The binding of the virus to host cell receptors is primarily facilitated by the N-terminal subunit of the viral spike protein (S1), which also contains several epitopes that are recognized by virus-neutralizing antibodies. As a result, we generated a recombinant S1 protein using a plant-based vaccine platform. We found that the recombinant protein was highly glycosylated, comparable to the native viral antigen. Vaccination of pregnant sows at four and two weeks before farrowing led to the development of humoral immunity specific to S1 in the suckling piglets. In addition, we noted significant viral neutralization titers in both vaccinated sows and piglets. When challenged with PEDV, piglets born from vaccinated sows displayed less severe clinical symptoms and significantly lower mortality rates compared to piglets born from non-vaccinated sows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Sohn
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro, Pohang 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangju Kang
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro, Pohang 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Min
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro, Pohang 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Park
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro, Pohang 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hun Kim
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro, Pohang 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Won Seo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseob Tark
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hwa Choi
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro, Pohang 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jia X, Chen J, Qiao C, Li C, Yang K, Zhang Y, Li J, Li Z. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus nsp13 Protein Downregulates Neonatal Fc Receptor Expression by Causing Promoter Hypermethylation through the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:475-485. [PMID: 36602596 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly pathogenic porcine enteric coronavirus that causes severe watery diarrhea and even death in piglets. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is the only transport receptor for IgG. FcRn expressed by intestinal epithelial cells can transport IgG from breast milk to piglets to provide immune protection. Previous studies have shown that viral infection affects FcRn expression. In this study, we showed for the first time, to our knowledge, that FcRn expression can be influenced by methyltransferases. In addition, we found that PEDV inhibited FcRn protein synthesis in porcine small intestinal epithelial cells postinfection. Then, we found that PEDV interfered with the transcription of genes through aberrant methylation modification of the FcRn promoter. DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) has been implicated in this process. Using a series of PEDV structural and nonstructural protein (nsp) expression plasmids, we showed that nsp13 plays an important role in this aberrant methylation modification. PEDV nsp13 can affect the NF-κB canonical pathway and promote DNMT3b protein expression by facilitating p65 protein binding to chromatin. PEDV caused aberrant methylation of the FcRn promoter via DNMT3b. The same phenomenon was found in animal experiments with large white piglets. IgG transcytosis demonstrated that PEDV nsp13 can inhibit bidirectional IgG transport by FcRn. In addition, the core region of nsp13 (230-597 aa) is critical for FcRn inhibition. Taken together, to our knowledge, our findings revealed a novel immune escape mechanism of PEDV and shed new light on the design and development of vaccines and drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenyuan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu H, Yin X, Tian H, Qiu Y, Wang Z, Chen J, Ma D, Zhao B, Du Q, Tong D, Huang Y. The S protein of a novel recombinant PEDV strain promotes the infectivity and pathogenicity of PEDV in mid-west China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3704-3723. [PMID: 36251324 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is an emerging and re-emerging swine enterovirus that causes highly contagious diarrhoea and mortality in piglets. To better understand the current prevalence of PEDV in mid-west China, and to find out the reason for the re-emergence of PEDV from the viral genomic characteristics. Herein, we firstly investigated epidemiology of PEDV in mid-west China from 2019 to 2020. A total of 62.23% (257/413) of diarrhoea samples were positive for PEDV, and the PEDV-positive cases were mainly detected in winter. Then, we selected the SXSL strain as a representative strain to study the genetic and pathogenic characterization of PEDV pandemic strains in mid-west China. The recombination analysis showed that SXSL strain was a recombinant strain, and the major and minor parent strains of the recombination are CH/SCZJ/2018 strain and GDS48 strain, respectively. Complete genome sequencing and homology analysis showed that the S protein of SXSL strain contained multiple amino acid indels and mutations compared to the PEDV representative strains. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of S protein on the infectivity and pathogenicity of PEDV by the PEDV reverse genetics system, and results showed that SXSL S protein increased the infectivity and pathogenicity of chimeric virus. Overall, our findings provided important information for understanding the roles of S protein in the prevalence of PEDV in mid-west China and developing vaccines based on PEDV pandemic strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Yangling, China
| | - Xiangrui Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Yangling, China
| | - Haolun Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Yangling, China
| | - Yudong Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Yangling, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Yangling, China
| | - Dan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Yangling, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Yangling, China
| | - Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Yangling, China
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Yangling, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Study of the effect of intestinal immunity in neonatal piglets coinfected with porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1649-1657. [PMID: 35661915 PMCID: PMC9166669 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) have often been detected simultaneously in piglets with coronavirus diarrhea. However, the intestinal immune response to the interaction between circulating PDCoV and PEDV is unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the intestinal immunity of neonatal piglets that were exposed first to PDCoV and then to PEDV. The amounts and distribution of CD3+ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and goblet cells (GCs) in the small intestine were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and periodic acid–Schiff staining, respectively. The expression levels of pattern recognition receptors and downstream mediator cytokines were analyzed by qPCR and ELISA. The results showed that the numbers of GCs, CD3+ T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes in the duodenum and jejunum of the PDCoV + PEDV coinoculated piglets were increased compared with those of piglets inoculated with PEDV alone. The piglets in the PDCoV + PEDV group had significantly upregulated IFN-α and IFN-λ1 compared with the PEDV single-inoculated piglets. These results suggest that PDCoV + PEDV-coinfected piglets can activate intestinal antiviral immunity more strongly than piglets infected with PEDV alone, which provides new insight into the pathogenesis mechanism of swine enteric coronavirus coinfection that may be used for vaccination in the future.
Collapse
|
12
|
Evaluation of the Immunogenicity in Mice Orally Immunized with Recombinant Lactobacillus casei Expressing Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus S1 Protein. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050890. [PMID: 35632632 PMCID: PMC9145290 DOI: 10.3390/v14050890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration, is an acute enteric infectious disease of pigs. The disease is caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which infects the intestinal mucosal surface. Therefore, mucosal immunization through the oral route is an effective method of immunization. Lactic acid bacteria, which are acid resistant and bile-salt resistant and improve mucosal immunity, are ideal carriers for oral vaccines. The S1 glycoprotein of PEDV mediates binding of the virus with cell receptors and induces neutralizing antibodies against the virus. Therefore, we reversely screened the recombinant strain pPG-SD-S1/Δupp ATCC 393 expressing PEDV S1 glycoprotein by Lactobacillus casei deficient in upp genotype (Δupp ATCC 393). Mice were orally immunized three times with the recombinant bacteria that had been identified for expression, and the changes of anti-PEDV IgG and secreted immunoglobulin A levels were observed over 70 days. The results indicated that the antibody levels notably increased after oral administration of recombinant bacteria. The detection of extracellular cytokines on the 42nd day after immunization indicated high levels of humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. The above results demonstrate that pPG-SD-S1/Δupp ATCC 393 has great potential as an oral vaccine against PEDV.
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiao Z, Liang J, Yang Y, Li Y, Yan Z, Hu G, Gu C, Hu X, Cheng G, Peng G, Zhang W. Coinfection of porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus altered viral tropism in gastrointestinal tract in a piglet model. Virology 2021; 558:119-125. [PMID: 33756424 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coinfection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is one of common findings in diarrheal piglets that cause massive economic losses to the pig industry globally. However, the mechanism of the co-infection is unclear. In this study, neonatal non-colostrum-fed piglets were exposed orally with a single infection of PDCoV or PEDV, or coinfection of PDCoV and PEDV. Clinically all viral infected piglets developed watery diarrhea and dehydration in 24 h post-exposure (hpe) and were succumbed to viral diarrhea disease and euthanized at 72 hpe. Histopathologically, acute gastroenteritis is evident in all viral infected piglet. Immunohistochemistry, RNAscope and RT-qPCR demonstrated that PEDV tropism changes from epithelial cells of small intestine to gastric epithelial cells and macrophages in Peyer's patches in the ileum. These findings suggest that coinfection of PDCoV and PEDV can alter PEDV tropism that may affect the outcome of viral disease in piglets. This animal model can be used for the pathogenesis and vaccination of viral coinfection in piglet in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiang Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhishan Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangli Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofu Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wanpo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Saeng-Chuto K, Madapong A, Kaeoket K, Piñeyro PE, Tantituvanont A, Nilubol D. Coinfection of porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus increases disease severity, cell trophism and earlier upregulation of IFN-α and IL12. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3040. [PMID: 33542409 PMCID: PMC7862360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) cause an enteric disease characterized by diarrhea clinically indistinguishable. Both viruses are simultaneously detected in clinical cases, but a study involving the co-infection has not been reported. The study was therefore conducted to investigate the disease severity following a co-infection with PEDV and PDCoV. In the study, 4-day-old pigs were orally inoculated with PEDV and PDCoV, either alone or in combination. Following challenge, fecal score was monitored on a daily basis. Fecal swabs were collected and assayed for the presence of viruses. Three pigs per group were necropsied at 3 and 5 days post inoculation (dpi). Microscopic lesions and villous height to crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio, together with the presence of PEDV and PDCoV antigens, were evaluated in small intestinal tissues. Expressions of interferon alpha (IFN-α) and interleukin 12 (IL12) were investigated in small intestinal mucosa. The findings indicated that coinoculation increased the disease severity, demonstrated by significantly prolonged fecal score and virus shedding and decreasing VH:CD ratio in the jejunum compared with pigs inoculated with either PEDV or PDCoV alone. Notably, in single-inoculated groups, PEDV and PDCoV antigens were detected only in villous enterocytes wile in the coinoculated group, PDCoV antigen was detected in both villous enterocytes and crypts. IFN-α and IL12 were significantly up-regulated in coinoculated groups in comparison with single-inoculated groups. In conclusion, co-infection with PEDV and PDCoV exacerbate clinical signs and have a synergetic on the regulatory effect inflammatory cytokines compared to a single infection with either virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kepalee Saeng-Chuto
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henry Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Adthakorn Madapong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henry Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kampon Kaeoket
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pablo Enrique Piñeyro
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Angkana Tantituvanont
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dachrit Nilubol
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henry Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou X, Zhou L, Zhang P, Ge X, Guo X, Han J, Zhang Y, Yang H. A strain of porcine deltacoronavirus: Genomic characterization, pathogenicity and its full-length cDNA infectious clone. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2130-2146. [PMID: 33012120 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a novel enteropathogenic coronavirus, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) warrants further investigation. In this study, a Chinese PDCoV strain, designated CHN-HN-1601, was isolated from the faeces of a diarrhoeic piglet. After plaque purification, the genome was determined which shared 97.5%-99.5% nucleotide identities with 71 representative PDCoV strains available in the GenBank. The pathogenic properties of CHN-HN-1601 were evaluated using 5-day-old piglets. All inoculated piglets developed severe diarrhoea from 2 days post-infection (dpi) onwards. To our surprise, two periods of diarrhoea starting from 2 to 7 dpi and from 13 to 19 dpi were observed in affected piglets during the experiment. Faecal viral shedding of the inoculated piglets was detected by real-time RT-PCR, with viral shedding peaked at 4 and 16 dpi, respectively. At necropsy at 5 dpi, the main gross lesions included transparent, thin-walled and gas-distended intestines containing yellow watery contents. Further histopathological examinations, including haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry and RNAscope in situ hybridization, revealed that the virus infection caused severe villous atrophy of the small intestines, with PDCoV antigen and RNA mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of the villous epithelial cells of jejunum and ileum in piglets. The dynamic production of PDCoV-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies in serum of the affected piglets was also assessed using a whole virus-based ELISA and an immunofluorescence assay-based neutralization test, respectively. Furthermore, a full-length cDNA infectious clone of CHN-HN-1601 was constructed using a bacterial artificial chromosome system. The rescued virus exhibited in vitro growth and pathogenic properties similar to the parental virus. Taken together, our study not only enriches the information of PDCoV, but also provides a useful reverse genetics platform for further pathogenesis exploration of the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinna Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cao WW, He DS, Chen ZJ, Zuo YZ, Chen X, Chang YL, Zhang ZG, Ye L, Shi L. Development of a droplet digital PCR for detection and quantification of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:572-576. [PMID: 32552416 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720924753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea, a disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), results in large economic losses to the global swine industry. To manage this disease effectively, it is essential to detect PEDV early and accurately. We developed a sensitive and accurate droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay to detect PEDV. The optimal primer-to-probe concentration and melting temperature were identified as 300:200 nM and 59.2°C, respectively. The specificity of the ddPCR assay was confirmed by negative test results for common swine pathogens. The detection limit for the ddPCR was 0.26 copies/μL, which is a 5.7-fold increase in sensitivity compared to that of real-time PCR (rtPCR). Both ddPCR and rtPCR assays exhibited good linearity, although ddPCR provided higher sensitivity for clinical detection compared to that of rtPCR. Our ddPCR methodology provides a promising tool for evaluating the PEDV viral load when used for clinical testing, particularly for detecting samples with low-copy viral loads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei W Cao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Cao, Z.J. Chen, X. Chen, Chang, Shi, Ye); College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (He); College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China (Zuo); State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Xiamen Yinxiang Group, Xiamen, China (Zhang, Shi)
| | - Dong S He
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Cao, Z.J. Chen, X. Chen, Chang, Shi, Ye); College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (He); College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China (Zuo); State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Xiamen Yinxiang Group, Xiamen, China (Zhang, Shi)
| | - Zhen J Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Cao, Z.J. Chen, X. Chen, Chang, Shi, Ye); College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (He); College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China (Zuo); State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Xiamen Yinxiang Group, Xiamen, China (Zhang, Shi)
| | - Yu Z Zuo
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Cao, Z.J. Chen, X. Chen, Chang, Shi, Ye); College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (He); College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China (Zuo); State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Xiamen Yinxiang Group, Xiamen, China (Zhang, Shi)
| | - Xun Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Cao, Z.J. Chen, X. Chen, Chang, Shi, Ye); College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (He); College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China (Zuo); State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Xiamen Yinxiang Group, Xiamen, China (Zhang, Shi)
| | - Yan L Chang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Cao, Z.J. Chen, X. Chen, Chang, Shi, Ye); College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (He); College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China (Zuo); State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Xiamen Yinxiang Group, Xiamen, China (Zhang, Shi)
| | - Zhi G Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Cao, Z.J. Chen, X. Chen, Chang, Shi, Ye); College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (He); College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China (Zuo); State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Xiamen Yinxiang Group, Xiamen, China (Zhang, Shi)
| | - Lei Ye
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Cao, Z.J. Chen, X. Chen, Chang, Shi, Ye); College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (He); College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China (Zuo); State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Xiamen Yinxiang Group, Xiamen, China (Zhang, Shi)
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Cao, Z.J. Chen, X. Chen, Chang, Shi, Ye); College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (He); College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China (Zuo); State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Xiamen Yinxiang Group, Xiamen, China (Zhang, Shi)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Qian S, Gao Z, Cao R, Yang K, Cui Y, Li S, Meng X, He Q, Li Z. Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Infection Up-Regulates FcRn Expression via Nucleocapsid Protein and Secretion of TGF-β in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3085. [PMID: 32038538 PMCID: PMC6990134 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a porcine intestinal coronavirus that causes fatal severe watery diarrhea in piglets. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is the only IgG transport receptor, its expression on mucosal surfaces is triggered upon viral stimulation, which significantly enhances mucosal immunity. We utilized TGEV as a model pathogen to explore the role of FcRn in resisting viral invasion in overall intestinal mucosal immunity. TGEV induced FcRn expression by activating NF-κB signaling in porcine small intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells, however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. First, using small interfering RNAs, we found that TGEV up-regulated FcRn expression via TLR3, TLR9 and RIG-I. Moreover, TGEV induced IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β, and TNF-α production. TGF-β-stimulated IPEC-J2 cells highly up-regulated FcRn expression, while treatment with a JNK-specific inhibitor down-regulated the expression. TGEV nucleocapsid (N) protein also enhanced FcRn promoter activity via the NF-κB signaling pathway and its central region (aa 128–252) was essential for FcRn activation. Additionally, N protein-mediated FcRn up-regulation promotes IgG transcytosis. Thus, TGEV N protein and TGF-β up-regulated FcRn expression, further clarifying the molecular mechanism of up-regulation of FcRn expression by TGEV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoju Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zitong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianrong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Zili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|