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Chen L, Wei M, Zhou B, Wang K, Zhu E, Cheng Z. The roles and mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy in animal viral infections. Vet Res 2024; 55:107. [PMID: 39227990 PMCID: PMC11373180 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a unique organelle responsible for protein synthesis and processing, lipid synthesis in eukaryotic cells, and the replication of many animal viruses is closely related to ER. A considerable number of viral proteins are synthesised during viral infection, resulting in the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in ER, which in turn induces endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). ERS further drives three signalling pathways (PERK, IRE1, and ATF6) of the cellular unfolded protein response (UPR) to respond to the ERS. In numerous studies, ERS has been shown to mediate autophagy, a highly conserved cellular degradation mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis in eukaryotic cells, through the UPR to restore ER homeostasis. ERS-mediated autophagy is closely linked to the occurrence and development of numerous viral diseases in animals. Host cells can inhibit viral replication by regulating ERS-mediated autophagy, restoring the ER's normal physiological process. Conversely, many viruses have evolved strategies to exploit ERS-mediated autophagy to achieve immune escape. These strategies include the regulation of PERK-eIF2α-Beclin1, PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-ATG12, IRE1α-JNK-Beclin1, and other signalling pathways, which provide favourable conditions for the replication of animal viruses in host cells. The ERS-mediated autophagy pathway has become a hot topic in animal virological research. This article reviews the most recent research regarding the regulatory functions of ERS-mediated autophagy pathways in animal viral infections, emphasising the underlying mechanisms in the context of different viral infections. Furthermore, it considers the future direction and challenges in the development of ERS-mediated autophagy targeting strategies for combating animal viral diseases, which will contribute to unveiling their pathogenic mechanism from a new perspective and provide a scientific reference for the discovery and development of new antiviral drugs and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Miaozhan Wei
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Bijun Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Kaigong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Erpeng Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Zhentao Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Liu X, Yan Q, Liu X, Wei W, Zou L, Zhao F, Zeng S, Yi L, Ding H, Zhao M, Chen J, Fan S. PKM2 induces mitophagy through the AMPK-mTOR pathway promoting CSFV proliferation. J Virol 2024; 98:e0175123. [PMID: 38319105 PMCID: PMC10949426 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01751-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses exploit the host cell's energy metabolism system to support their replication. Mitochondria, known as the powerhouse of the cell, play a critical role in regulating cell survival and virus replication. Our prior research indicated that the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) alters mitochondrial dynamics and triggers glycolytic metabolic reprogramming. However, the role and mechanism of PKM2, a key regulatory enzyme of glycolytic metabolism, in CSFV replication remain unclear. In this study, we discovered that CSFV enhances PKM2 expression and utilizes PKM2 to inhibit pyruvate production. Using an affinity purification coupled mass spectrometry system, we successfully identified PKM as a novel interaction partner of the CSFV non-structural protein NS4A. Furthermore, we validated the interaction between PKM2 and both CSFV NS4A and NS5A through co-immunoprecipitation and confocal analysis. PKM2 was found to promote the expression of both NS4A and NS5A. Moreover, we observed that PKM2 induces mitophagy by activating the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, thereby facilitating CSFV proliferation. In summary, our data reveal a novel mechanism whereby PKM2, a metabolic enzyme, promotes CSFV proliferation by inducing mitophagy. These findings offer a new avenue for developing antiviral strategies. IMPORTANCE Viruses rely on the host cell's material-energy metabolic system for replication, inducing host metabolic disorders and subsequent immunosuppression-a major contributor to persistent viral infections. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is no exception. Classical swine fever is a severe acute infectious disease caused by CSFV, resulting in significant economic losses to the global pig industry. While the role of the metabolic enzyme PKM2 (pyruvate dehydrogenase) in the glycolytic pathway of tumor cells has been extensively studied, its involvement in viral infection remains relatively unknown. Our data unveil a new mechanism by which the metabolic enzyme PKM2 mediates CSFV infection, offering novel avenues for the development of antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Quanhui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Xueyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Wenkang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linke Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Feifan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Sen Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
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3
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Wu K, Li B, Zhang X, Fang Y, Zeng S, Hu W, Liu X, Liu X, Lu Z, Li X, Chen W, Qin Y, Zhou B, Zou L, Zhao F, Yi L, Zhao M, Fan S, Chen J. CSFV restricts necroptosis to sustain infection by inducing autophagy/mitophagy-targeted degradation of RIPK3. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0275823. [PMID: 38100396 PMCID: PMC10782971 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02758-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE CSFV infection in pigs causes persistent high fever, hemorrhagic necrotizing multi-organ inflammation, and high mortality, which seriously threatens the global swine industry. Cell death is an essential immune response of the host against pathogen invasion, and lymphopenia is the most typical clinical feature in the acute phase of CSFV infection, which affects the initial host antiviral immunity. As an "old" virus, CSFV has evolved mechanisms to evade host immune response after a long genetic evolution. Here, we show that necroptosis is a limiting host factor for CSFV infection and that CSFV-induced autophagy can subvert this host defense mechanism to promote its sustained replication. Our findings reveal a complex link between necroptosis and autophagy in the process of cell death, provide evidence supporting the important role for CSFV in counteracting host cell necrosis, and enrich our knowledge of pathogens that may subvert and evade this host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding industry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding industry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoai Zhang
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding industry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenshuo Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolun Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linke Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding industry, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding industry, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding industry, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding industry, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang J, Chen KY, Wang SH, Liu Y, Zhao YQ, Yang L, Yang GH, Wang XJ, Zhu YH, Yin JH, Wang JF. Effects of Spatial Expression of Activating Transcription Factor 4 on the Pathogenicity of Two Phenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Regulating the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mediated Autophagy Process. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0422522. [PMID: 36939351 PMCID: PMC10101076 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04225-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is a highly conserved stress-defense mechanism and activates the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) to mitigate imbalance. The ER stress-activated signaling pathways can also trigger autophagy to facilitate cellular repair. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) utilizes the host cellular ER as the primary site of the life cycle. However, the interplay between cellular ER stress and BVDV replication remains unclear. This report reveals that cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp) BVDV have distinct strategies to regulate UPR mechanisms and ER stress-mediated autophagy for their own benefit. Immunoblot analysis revealed that cp and ncp BVDV differentially regulated the abundance of ER chaperone GRP78 for viral replication, while the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit α (eIF2α)-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) pathway of the UPR was switched on at different stages of infection. Pretreatment with ER stress inducer promoted virion replication, but RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of ATF4 in BVDV-infected cells significantly attenuated BVDV infectivity titers. More importantly, the effector ATF4 activated by cp BVDV infection translocated into the nucleus to mediate autophagy, but ATF4 was retained in the cytoplasm during ncp BVDV infection. In addition, we found that cp BVDV core protein was localized in the ER to induce ER stress-mediated autophagy. Overall, the potential therapeutic target ATF4 may contribute to the global eradication campaign of BVDV. IMPORTANCE The ER-tropic viruses hijack the host cellular ER as the replication platform of the life cycle, which can lead to strong ER stress. The UPR and related transcriptional cascades triggered by ER stress play a crucial role in viral replication and pathogenesis, but little is known about these underlying mechanisms. Here, we report that cytopathic and noncytopathic BVDV use different strategies to reprogram the cellular UPR and ER stress-mediated autophagy for their own advantage. The cytopathic BVDV unconventionally downregulated the expression level of GRP78, creating perfect conditions for self-replication via the UPR, and the noncytopathic BVDV retained ATF4 in the cytoplasm to provide an advantage for its persistent infection. Our findings provide new insights into exploring how BVDV and other ER-tropic viruses reprogram the UPR signaling pathway in the host cells for replication and reveal the attractive host target ATF4 for new antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Yuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Wang
- OIE Porcine-Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Reference Laboratory, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Qing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao-Hong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-hua Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Jiu-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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5
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Hou P, Wang X, Wang H, Wang T, Yu Z, Xu C, Zhao Y, Wang W, Zhao Y, Chu F, Chang H, Zhu H, Lu J, Zhang F, Liang X, Li X, Wang S, Gao Y, He H. The ORF7a protein of SARS-CoV-2 initiates autophagy and limits autophagosome-lysosome fusion via degradation of SNAP29 to promote virus replication. Autophagy 2023; 19:551-569. [PMID: 35670302 PMCID: PMC9851267 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2084686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is closely related to various cellular aspects associated with autophagy. However, how SARS-CoV-2 mediates the subversion of the macroautophagy/autophagy pathway remains largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a protein activates LC3-II and leads to the accumulation of autophagosomes in multiple cell lines, while knockdown of the viral ORF7a gene via shRNAs targeting ORF7a sgRNA during SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased autophagy levels. Mechanistically, the ORF7a protein initiates autophagy via the AKT-MTOR-ULK1-mediated pathway, but ORF7a limits the progression of autophagic flux by activating CASP3 (caspase 3) to cleave the SNAP29 protein at aspartic acid residue 30 (D30), ultimately impairing complete autophagy. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced accumulated autophagosomes promote progeny virus production, whereby ORF7a downregulates SNAP29, ultimately resulting in failure of autophagosome fusion with lysosomes to promote viral replication. Taken together, our study reveals a mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the autophagic machinery to facilitate its own propagation via ORF7a.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACE2: angiotensin converting enzyme 2; ACTB/β-actin: actin beta; ATG7: autophagy related 7; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; CASP3: caspase 3; COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; GFP: green fluorescent protein; hpi: hour post-infection; hpt: hour post-transfection; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MERS: Middle East respiratory syndrome; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; ORF: open reading frame; PARP: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; shRNAs: short hairpin RNAs; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SNAP29: synaptosome associated protein 29; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STX17: syntaxin 17; TCID50: tissue culture infectious dose; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TUBB, tubulin, beta; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Hou
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China,CONTACT Hongmei Wang ;; Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong250014, China; Yuwei Gao Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin130122, China; Hongbin He Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan250014, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhangping Yu
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunqing Xu
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yudong Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Fengyun Chu
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Huasong Chang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongchao Zhu
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuzhen Zhang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Song Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Rohde C, Pfeiffer S, Baumgart S, Becker S, Krähling V. Ebola Virus Activates IRE1α-Dependent XBP1u Splicing. Viruses 2022; 15:122. [PMID: 36680162 PMCID: PMC9863596 DOI: 10.3390/v15010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) are highly pathogenic filoviruses that influence cellular signaling according to their own needs. MARV has been shown to regulate the IRE1α-dependent unfolded protein response (UPR) to ensure optimal virus replication. It was not known whether EBOV affects this signaling cascade, which can be beneficial or detrimental for viruses. Activation of IRE1α leads to the expression of the transcription factor XBP1s, which binds to cis-acting UPR elements (UPRE), resulting in the expression of genes aimed at restoring homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum. We observed that EBOV infection, in contrast to MARV infection, led to UPR activation by IRE1α-dependent but not ATF6-dependent signaling. We showed an activation of IRE1α, XBP1s and UPRE target genes upon EBOV infection. ATF6, another UPRE transcription factor, was not activated. UPRE activation was mainly attributed to the EBOV nucleoprotein NP and the soluble glycoprotein sGP. Finally, activation of UPR by thapsigargin, a potent ER-stress inducer, in parallel to infection as well as knock-out of XBP1 had no effect on EBOV growth, while MARV proliferation was affected by thapsigargin-dependent UPR activation. Taken together EBOV and MARV differ in their strategy of balancing IRE1α-dependent signaling for their own needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Rohde
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Gießen–Marburg–Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pfeiffer
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sara Baumgart
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Gießen–Marburg–Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Gießen–Marburg–Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Verena Krähling
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Gießen–Marburg–Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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7
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Qi M, Jiang Q, Yang S, Zhang C, Liu J, Liu W, Lin P, Chen H, Zhou D, Tang K, Wang A, Jin Y. The endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated unfolded protein response protects against infection of goat endometrial epithelial cells by Trueperella pyogenes via autophagy. Virulence 2022; 13:122-136. [PMID: 34967271 PMCID: PMC9794013 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2021630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an important bacterial pathogen of a wide range of domestic and wild animals. Autophagy plays a key role in eliminating T. pyogenes in a process that is dependent on mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response also is critical for autophagy regulation. However, the relationship between ER stress and T. pyogenes is uncharacterized and the intracellular survival mechanisms of T. pyogenes have not been investigated adequately. In this study, we show that T. pyogenes invades goat endometrial epithelial cells (gEECs). Meanwhile, we observed that GRP78 was upregulated significantly, and that unfolded protein response (UPR) also were activated after infection. Additionally, treatment with activators and inhibitors of ER stress downregulated and upregulated, respectively, intracellular survival of T. pyogenes. Blocking the three arms of the UPR pathway separately enhanced T. pyogenes survival and inflammatory reaction to different levels. We also show that LC3-labeled autophagosomes formed around the invading T. pyogenes and that autolysosome-like vesicles were visible in gEECs using transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, tunicamycin did not inhibit the intracellular survival of T. pyogenes under conditions in which autophagy was blocked. Finally, severe challenge with T. pyogenes induced host cell apoptosis which also may indicate a role for ER stress in the infection response. In summary, we demonstrate here that ER stress and UPR are novel modulators of autophagy that inhibit T. pyogenes intracellular survival in gEECs, which has the potential to be developed as an effective therapeutic target in T. pyogenes infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingran Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keqiong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China,CONTACT Yaping Jin
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8
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Li W, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zhou Q, Li Y, Yi L, Ding H, Zhao M, Chen J, Fan S. Interaction of SERINC5 and IFITM1/2/3 regulates the autophagy-apoptosis-immune network under CSFV infection. Virulence 2022; 13:1720-1740. [PMID: 36205528 PMCID: PMC9553151 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2127241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The host restriction factor serine incorporator 5 (SERINC5) plays a key role in inhibiting viral activity and has been shown to inhibit classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection. However, the action of SERINC5 in the interaction between host cells and CSFV remains poorly understood. This study found that SERINC5 represses CSFV-induced autophagy through MAPK1/3-mTOR and AKT-mTOR signalling pathways. Further research showed that SERINC5 promotes apoptosis by repressing autophagy. Likewise, it was demonstrated that SERINC5 interacting proteins IFITM1/2/3 inhibit CSFV replication and regulate autophagy in a lysosomal-associated membrane protein LAMP1-dependent manner. In addition, IFITM1/2/3 interference promotes the NF-κB signalling pathway for potential immunoregulation by inhibiting autophagy. Finally, the functional silencing of IFITM1/2/3 genes was demonstrated to enhance the inhibitory effect of SERINC5 on autophagy. Taken together, These data uncover a novel mechanism through SERINC5 and its interacting proteins IFITM1/2/3, which mediates CSFV replication, and provides new avenues for controlling CSFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zilin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Wen’ s Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Chengcheng Z, Xiuling W, Jiahao S, Mengjiao G, Xiaorong Z, Yantao W. Mitophagy induced by classical swine fever virus nonstructural protein 5A promotes viral replication. Virus Res 2022; 320:198886. [PMID: 35948130 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is one of the most harmful pathogens of swine and causes considerable economic loss. Mitophagy is a selective form of autophagy that degrades damaged mitochondria by combining with lysosomes. Previous studies have been reported that CSFV infection can induce mitophagy, but which effector protein is responsible for this process remains unclear. Herein, we revealed here that the CSFV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) plays a critical role in inducing cellular mitophagy. Specifically, the expression of CSFV NS5A in the PK-15 cells induces membrane potential loss and mitochondrial fission, and the quantities of mitophagosomes, the expression of Parkin and PINK1 were significantly increased compared with mock cells. Intriguingly, we found that Parkin-overexpression promotes CSFV propagation. Furthermore, the expression level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased by CSFV NS5A protein, while NS5A-induced mitophagy correlated with the quantity of ROS production. In summary, our results reveal a new function of NS5A in inducing cellular mitophagy and broaden our understanding of the mechanism of CSFV-induced mitophagy, which may provide a new way to develop an antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Chengcheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Wang Xiuling
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Sun Jiahao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Guo Mengjiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Zhang Xiaorong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Wu Yantao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
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10
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Zhang L, Li C, Fu L, Yu Z, Xu G, Zhou J, Shen M, Feng Z, Zhu H, Xie T, Zhou L, Zhou X. Protection of catalpol against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting excessive autophagy via the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12759. [PMID: 35036109 PMCID: PMC8742543 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalpol significantly reduces triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity, which is closely related to autophagy. The aim of this study was to explore the unclear protective mechanism of catalpol against triptolide. The detoxification effect of catalpol on triptolide was investigated in HepaRG cell line. The detoxification effects were assessed by measuring cell viability, autophagy, and apoptosis, as well as the endoplasmic reticulum stress protein and mRNA expression levels. We found that 5-20 µg/L triptolide treatments increased the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as the expression of autophagy proteins including LC3 and Beclin1. The expression of P62 was downregulated and the production of autophagosomes was increased, as determined by transmission electron microscope and monodansylcadaverine staining. In contrast, 40 µg/L catalpol reversed these triptolide-induced changes in the liver function index, autophagy level, and apoptotic protein expression, including Cleaved-caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase9 by inhibiting excessive autophagy. Simultaneously, catalpol reversed endoplasmic reticulum stress, including the expression of PERK, which regulates autophagy. Moreover, we used the PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 to prove that the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway of the unfolded protein response is an important pathway that could induce autophagy. Catalpol inhibited excessive autophagy by suppressing the PERK pathway. Altogether, catalpol protects against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting excessive autophagy via the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway. The results of this study are beneficial to clarify the detoxification mechanism of catalpol against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity and to promote the application of triptolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linluo Zhang
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Fu
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China,Department of Second Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichao Yu
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gengrui Xu
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meiyu Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaxu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Chen YM, Gabler NK, Burrough ER. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in jejunal epithelial cells of weaned pigs. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:82-90. [PMID: 34763602 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211048622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection leads to diarrhea and subsequently to decreased feed efficiency and growth in weaned pigs. Given that few studies have addressed the host-virus interaction in vivo, this study focused on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) in jejunal epithelial cells during PEDV infection. Eight-week-old pigs (n = 64) were orally inoculated with PEDV IN19338 strain (n = 40) or sham-inoculated (n = 24) and analyzed for PEDV viral RNA shedding using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and for viral antigen within enterocytes using immunohistochemistry (IHC). ER stress was analyzed in a subset of 9 PEDV-inoculated pigs with diarrhea, detectable viral RNA, and viral antigen (PEDV-immunopositive pigs). Compared with control pigs, PEDV-immunopositive pigs had a reduced ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum (P = .002, n = 9 per group), consistent with intestinal injury. The protein levels of ATF6, IRE1, PERK, XBP1u, ATF4, GRP78, and caspase-3 were assessed in jejunal epithelial cells at the villus tips via IHC. Both ER stress and UPR were demonstrated in PEDV-immunopositive pigs by the increased expression of ATF6 (P = .047), IRE1 (P = .007), and ATF4 (P = .001). The expression of GRP78 (P = .024) and caspase-3 (P = .004) were also increased, indicating an accompanying increase in ER protein folding capacity and apoptosis. Overall, these results reveal that PEDV infection induces ER stress and UPR in intestinal epithelial cells of weaned pigs.
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12
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Chen J, Zhou Y, Zhu E, Yang P, Li M, Zhang S, Yue J, Wen M, Wang K, Cheng Z. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae induces caspase-8-dependent extrinsic apoptosis and p53- and ROS-dependent intrinsic apoptosis in murine alveolar macrophages. Virulence 2021; 12:2703-2720. [PMID: 34678131 PMCID: PMC8923071 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1984714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (MO) is a principle causative agent of chronic respiratory disease in ruminants, including sheep, goats, and deer, posing a great threat to the ruminant industry worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of MO infection still remains not well understood and needs further clarification. Here we report a time-dependent apoptosis in cultured murine alveolar macrophage (MH-S) cell lines in response to MO infection in vitro. Mechanistically, MO infection activated apoptosis in MH-S cells through caspase-8-dependent extrinsic pathway and through tumor protein 53 (p53)- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent intrinsic mitochondrial pathways. Moreover, MO infection promoted both transcription and translation of proinflammatory cytokine genes including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in a caspase-8-, p53-, and ROS-dependent manner, implying a potential link between MO-induced inflammation and apoptotic cell death. Collectively, our results suggest that MO infection induces the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in cultured MH-S cells, which is related to upregulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Our findings will contribute to the elucidation of pathogenesis in MO infection and provide valuable reference for the development of new strategies for controlling MO infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Erpeng Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuangxiang Zhang
- The Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Yue
- The Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming Wen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kaigong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhentao Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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13
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Wu J, Zhang Z, Teng Z, Abdullah SW, Sun S, Guo H. Sec62 Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy Balance to Affect Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:707107. [PMID: 34532300 PMCID: PMC8438241 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.707107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced autophagy is closely associated with viral infection and propagation. However, the intrinsic link between ER stress, autophagy, and viral replication during foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection is not fully elucidated. Our previous studies demonstrated that FMDV infection activated the ER stress-associated UPR of the PERK-eIF2a and ATF6 signaling pathway, whereas the IRE1a signaling was suppressed. We found that the activated-ATF6 pathway participated in FMDV-induced autophagy and FMDV replication, while the IRE1α pathway only affected FMDV replication. Further studies indicated that Sec62 was greatly reduced in the later stages of FMDV infection and blocked the activation of the autophagy-related IRE1α-JNK pathway. Moreover, it was also found that Sec62 promoted IRE1a phosphorylation and negatively regulated FMDV proliferation. Importantly, Sec62 may interact with LC3 to regulate ER stress and autophagy balance and eventually contribute to FMDV clearance via fusing with lysosomes. Altogether, these results suggest that Sec62 is a critical molecule in maintaining and recovering ER homeostasis by activating the IRE1α-JNK pathway and delivering autophagosome into the lysosome, thus providing new insights on FMDV-host interactions and novel antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin'en Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhidong Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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14
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Clemmons EA, Alfson KJ, Dutton JW. Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2039. [PMID: 34359167 PMCID: PMC8300273 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals provide food and other critical resources to most of the global population. As such, diseases of animals can cause dire consequences, especially disease with high rates of morbidity or mortality. Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are highly contagious or transmissible, epidemic diseases, with the potential to spread rapidly across the globe and the potential to cause substantial socioeconomic and public health consequences. Transboundary animal diseases can threaten the global food supply, reduce the availability of non-food animal products, or cause the loss of human productivity or life. Further, TADs result in socioeconomic consequences from costs of control or preventative measures, and from trade restrictions. A greater understanding of the transmission, spread, and pathogenesis of these diseases is required. Further work is also needed to improve the efficacy and cost of both diagnostics and vaccines. This review aims to give a broad overview of 17 TADs, providing researchers and veterinarians with a current, succinct resource of salient details regarding these significant diseases. For each disease, we provide a synopsis of the disease and its status, species and geographic areas affected, a summary of in vitro or in vivo research models, and when available, information regarding prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Clemmons
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
| | - Kendra J. Alfson
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - John W. Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
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15
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Fan J, Liao Y, Zhang M, Liu C, Li Z, Li Y, Li X, Wu K, Yi L, Ding H, Zhao M, Fan S, Chen J. Anti-Classical Swine Fever Virus Strategies. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040761. [PMID: 33917361 PMCID: PMC8067343 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by CSF virus (CSFV), is a highly contagious swine disease with high morbidity and mortality, which has caused significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Biosecurity measures and vaccination are the main methods for prevention and control of CSF since no specific drug is available for the effective treatment of CSF. Although a series of biosecurity and vaccination strategies have been developed to curb the outbreak events, it is still difficult to eliminate CSF in CSF-endemic and re-emerging areas. Thus, in addition to implementing enhanced biosecurity measures and exploring more effective CSF vaccines, other strategies are also needed for effectively controlling CSF. Currently, more and more research about anti-CSFV strategies was carried out by scientists, because of the great prospects and value of anti-CSFV strategies in the prevention and control of CSF. Additionally, studies on anti-CSFV strategies could be used as a reference for other viruses in the Flaviviridae family, such as hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, and Zika virus. In this review, we aim to summarize the research on anti-CSFV strategies. In detail, host proteins affecting CSFV replication, drug candidates with anti-CSFV effects, and RNA interference (RNAi) targeting CSFV viral genes were mentioned and the possible mechanisms related to anti-CSFV effects were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yingxin Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mengru Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.)
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.)
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16
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Zhang L, Jin M, Song M, Liu S, Wang T, Guo K, Zhang Y. ARFGAP1 binds to classical swine fever virus NS5A protein and enhances CSFV replication in PK-15 cells. Vet Microbiol 2021; 255:109034. [PMID: 33721634 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), an enveloped virus belonging to the genus Pestivirus of the Flaviviridae family, utilizes cell host factors for its own replication. ARFGAP1, GTPase activating protein of ADP-ribosylation factor 1, regulates COP I vesicle formation and function in cells and is involved in the life cycle of several viruses. However, the effect of ARFGAP1 on the infection of CSFV has not been illustrated. Here we showed that inhibition of ARFGAP1 either by QS11 or by lentivirus-mediated silencing repressed CSFV replication. While, subsequent experiments revealed that CSFV production were increased in cells with sufficient ARFGAP1 expression. However, ARFGAP1 was not involved in CSFV binding, entry, access to cell vesicles, and RNA replication during the early stages of infection. Then, we showed that ARFGAP1 interacted with the viral protein of NS5A, measured by immunoprecipitation, GST-pulldown, and confocal microscopy assays. Furthermore, we revealed that ARFGAP1 could alleviated CSFV NS5A-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Altogether, these results demonstrate that ARFGAP1, a NS5A binding protein, is involved in CSFV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mingxing Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengzhao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shanchuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Kangkang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yanming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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17
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Tao J, Li B, Cheng J, Shi Y, Shen X, Liu H. Development and neutralization analysis of recombinant BVDVs expressing a CSF single chain antibody in vitro. Biologicals 2021; 70:38-43. [PMID: 33582026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the immunization against swine fever (SF) is compulsory in China, it has still emerged in several areas at times. Herein, this study was conducted to develop an antibody vaccine which can clear the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) immediately after the pathogen invasion. Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infectious cDNA clone pASH28 was used to express a single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody against CSFV (CSFV/scFv) by reverse genetic technique. CSFV/scFv was inserted at the N-terminus of the C or Erns gene, generating two rBVDVs (rBVDV/C-CSFV/scFv and rBVDV/Erns-CSFV/scFv). Although both the rBVDVs could stably propagate on MDBK cells, different cellular characteristics existed. Obvious green fluorescence against the CSFV/scFv antibody could be visual on the cytomembrane or outside of the cells infected with rBVDV/Erns-CSFV/scFv, while much weaker fluorescence was observed in rBVDV/C-CSFV/scFv - infected cells. The CSFV/scFv antibodies induced by the two rBVDVs could recognize CSFV, but the rBVDV/Erns-CSFV/scFv induced stronger viral neutralization reaction. It was speculated that the neutralization activity might be associated with the expression location of CSFV/scFv antibody. The datas in this study provide evidence that rBVDV/Erns-CSFV/scFv may be engineered as a new antibody vaccine candidate against CSFV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pig Breeding, Shanghai, 201302, China
| | - Benqiang Li
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pig Breeding, Shanghai, 201302, China
| | - Jinghua Cheng
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pig Breeding, Shanghai, 201302, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pig Breeding, Shanghai, 201302, China
| | - Xiaohui Shen
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pig Breeding, Shanghai, 201302, China.
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18
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Zhu E, Wu H, Chen W, Qin Y, Liu J, Fan S, Ma S, Wu K, Mao Q, Luo C, Qin Y, Yi L, Ding H, Zhao M, Chen J. Classical swine fever virus employs the PERK- and IRE1-dependent autophagy for viral replication in cultured cells. Virulence 2020; 12:130-149. [PMID: 33380286 PMCID: PMC7781608 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1845040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated autophagy is indispensable for modulation of replication and pathogenesis of numerous mammalian viruses. We have previously shown that classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection induces ERS-mediated autophagy for maintaining viral replication both in vivo and in vitro, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclarified. Here we found that CSFV infection activates the PERK pathway-dependent complete autophagy to promote viral replication in cultured PK-15 and 3D4/2 cells. Likewise, our results also suggested the essential roles of the IRE1/GRP78-mediated complete autophagy in CSFV replication in vitro. Furthermore, we suggested that CSFV infection induces activation of the PERK and IRE1 pathway for potential immunoregulation via promoting transcription of proinflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ and TNF-α) genes in the CSFV-infected cells. Finally, pharmacological treatment of PERK- or IRE1-pathway regulators, and the corresponding SiRNAs interventions did not affect the viabilities of the cells, excluding the potential interference elicited by altered cell viabilities. Taken together, our results suggest that CSFV infection induces complete autophagy through activation of the PERK and IRE1 pathway to facilitate viral replication in cultured cells, and modulation of proinflammatory cytokines may be a potential mechanism involved in this event. Our findings will open new horizons for molecular mechanisms of sustainable replication and pathogenesis of CSFV, and lay a theoretical foundation for the development of ERS-autophagy-targeting therapeutic strategies for clinical control of CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erpeng Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| | - Huawei Wu
- Department of Viral Biologics, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control , Beijing, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Keke Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaowei Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixian Qin
- Department of Viral Biologics, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control , Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
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19
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Ganges L, Crooke HR, Bohórquez JA, Postel A, Sakoda Y, Becher P, Ruggli N. Classical swine fever virus: the past, present and future. Virus Res 2020; 289:198151. [PMID: 32898613 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is among the most relevant viral epizootic diseases of swine. Due to its severe economic impact, CSF is notifiable to the world organisation for animal health. Strict control policies, including systematic stamping out of infected herds with and without vaccination, have permitted regional virus eradication. Nevertheless, CSF virus (CSFV) persists in certain areas of the world and has re-emerged regularly. This review summarizes the basic established knowledge in the field and provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the recent advances in fundamental CSFV research, diagnostics and vaccine development. It covers the latest discoveries on the genetic diversity of pestiviruses, with implications for taxonomy, the progress in understanding disease pathogenesis, immunity against acute and persistent infections, and the recent findings in virus-host interactions and virulence determinants. We also review the progress and pitfalls in the improvement of diagnostic tools and the challenges in the development of modern and efficacious marker vaccines compatible with serological tests for disease surveillance. Finally, we highlight the gaps that require research efforts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llilianne Ganges
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Helen R Crooke
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, APHA-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Jose Alejandro Bohórquez
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Postel
- EU & OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Paul Becher
- EU & OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- The Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Li W, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Li H, Fan S, Zhu E, Fan J, Li Z, Chen W, Yi L, Ding H, Chen J, Zhao M. Antiviral Role of Serine Incorporator 5 (SERINC5) Proteins in Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:580233. [PMID: 33013817 PMCID: PMC7498654 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.580233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine incorporator 5 (SERINC5), a multipass transmembrane protein, protects cells from viral infections. The mechanism by which SERINC5 protects against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection is unknown. In this study, overexpression of SERINC5 in PK-15 and 3D4/2 cells significantly inhibited the growth of CSFV, whereas SERINC5 silencing enhanced CSFV growth. Additionally, CSFV infection reduced SERINC5 production in cells and tissues. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify and analyze protein and peptide molecules that potentially interact with SERINC5. A total of 33 cellular protein candidates were identified. Next, SERINC5 was shown to interact with melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) by yeast two-hybrid, protein co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, SERINC5 enhanced MDA5-mediated type I interferon (IFN) signaling in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that the anti-CSFV effect of SERINC5 is dependent on the activation of the type I IFN, which may function along with MDA5. The inhibitory effect of SERINC5 on CSFV was disappeared when the endogenous expression of MDA5 was silenced using siRNA, suggesting that SERINC5 exerts an anti-CSFV effect in an MDA5-dependent manner. Our study demonstrated a novel link between SERINC5 and MDA5 in the inhibition of CSFV replication via the type I IFN signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Shandong Qianxi Agriculture & Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd., Zaozhuang, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erpeng Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jindai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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