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Quach NT, Nguyen TTA, Vu THN, Nguyen TTN, Tran XK, Chu NH, Ta TTT, Chu HH, Phi QT. New insight into protective effect against oxidative stress and biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides produced by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NC4 from fermented eggplant. Curr Genet 2024; 70:7. [PMID: 38743270 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-024-01292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Fermented eggplant is a traditional fermented food, however lactic acid bacteria capable of producing exopolysaccharide (EPS) have not yet been exploited. The present study focused on the production and protective effects against oxidative stress of an EPS produced by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NC4 (NC4-EPS), in addition to deciphering its genomic features and EPS biosynthesis pathway. Among 54 isolates tested, strain NC4 showed the highest EPS yield and antioxidant activity. The maximum EPS production (2.04 ± 0.11 g/L) was achieved by culturing in MRS medium containing 60 g/L sucrose at 37 °C for 48 h. Under 2 mM H2O2 stress, the survival of a yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae treated with 0.4 mg/mL NC4-EPS was 2.4-fold better than non-treated cells, which was in agreement with the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities measured from cell lysates. The complete genome of NC4 composed of a circular chromosome of 2,888,896 bp and 3 circular plasmids. The NC4 genome comprises more genes with annotated function in nitrogen metabolism, phosphorus metabolism, cell division and cell cycle, and iron acquisition and metabolism as compared to other reported L. paracasei. Of note, the eps gene cluster is not conserved across L. paracasei. Pathways of sugar metabolism for EPS biosynthesis were proposed for the first time, in which gdp pathway only present in few plant-derived bacteria was identified. These findings shed new light on the cell-protective activity and biosynthesis of EPS produced by L. paracasei, paving the way for future efforts to enhance yield and tailor-made EPS production for food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tung Quach
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu An Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hanh Nguyen Vu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thanh Ngoc Nguyen
- Faculty of Food Technology, East Asia University of Technology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Khoi Tran
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nhat Huy Chu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | | | - Hoang Ha Chu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Quyet-Tien Phi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
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Wang Q, Jiang B, Wei M, He Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Wei H, Tao X. Antitumor effect of exopolysaccharide from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WLPL09 on melanoma mice via regulating immunity and gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127624. [PMID: 37918610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide (EPS-09) from L. plantarum WLPL09 was systemically investigated for the antitumor effect in B16F10 melanoma bearing mice model. The results showed that administraion of EPS-09 (200 mg/kg) could sigificantly inhibit the tumor growth of melanoma bearing mice, with a inhibition rate of 42.53 %. Meanwhile, compared to the Model group, high dose of EPS-09 (200 mg/kg) administraion could increase the spleen index (P = 0.10), promote the splenic lymphocytes proliferation under the stimulation of ConA and LPS with a proliferation rate of 120.58 % and 169.88 %, respectively, enhance the amount of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0149) in tumor tissue, as well as the serum content of cytokines, i.e., TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2 (P < 0.05) and IL-6 (P = 0.039) of B16F10 melanoma bearing mice. The transcriptional level analysis revealed that EPS-09 (200 mg/kg) administraion could sigificantly (P < 0.05) upregulate the transcription of apoptosis raleted genes, i.e., P53, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, downregulate the transcription of angiogenesis markers, i.e., Vegf and Fgf2 compared with Model group. Furthermore, administration of EPS-09 could increase the abundance of phylum Firmicutes, family Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, and genus Ruminococcus, but reduce the abundance of genus Prevotella, Akkermansia and Oscillospira. Taken together, these results indicate that administration of EPS-09 can induce apoptosis of tumor cell, inhibit tumor angiogenesis, improve the immunity, regulate the intestinal microbiota composition of B16F10 melanoma bearing mice, and play positive roles in the antitumor activity against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi'an Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Bensheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yao He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qimeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330299, China
| | - Xueying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330299, China.
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Deng X, Yang J, Zhang Y, Chen X, Wang C, Suo H, Song J. An Update on the Pivotal Roles of Probiotics, Their Components, and Metabolites in Preventing Colon Cancer. Foods 2023; 12:3706. [PMID: 37835359 PMCID: PMC10572180 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet, lifestyle, and gut microbiota composition are key risk factors for the progression of colon cancer. Probiotics are living microorganisms that can offer health benefits to the parasitifer when ingested in competent quantities. Several in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies have demonstrated that probiotics can prevent and mitigate the development of colon cancer. The anti-colon cancer mechanisms of probiotics include the suppression of cell proliferation and the promotion of cancer cell apoptosis, immunomodulation, the modulation of intestinal microorganisms and their metabolism, strengthening the intestinal barrier, and antioxidant effects. This article describes the pathogenesis of colon cancer and the available therapeutic options. In addition, this paper reviews the mechanisms by which probiotics mitigate colon cancer as well as the mitigating effects of probiotic components and metabolites on colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.D.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Jing Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing & Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China;
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.D.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.D.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.D.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.D.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.S.)
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.D.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.S.)
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Thoda C, Touraki M. Probiotic-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1898. [PMID: 37630458 PMCID: PMC10456921 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease with increased morbidity and mortality rates globally. Despite advanced chemotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of CRC, low survival rates due to the regular occurrence of drug resistance and deleterious side effects render the need for alternative anticancer agents imperative. Accumulating evidence supports that gut microbiota imbalance precedes the establishment of carcinogenesis, subsequently contributing to cancer progression and response to anticancer therapy. Manipulation of the gut microbiota composition via the administration of probiotic-derived bioactive compounds has gradually attained the interest of scientific communities as a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC. These compounds encompass miscellaneous metabolic secreted products of probiotics, including bacteriocins, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactate, exopolysaccharides (EPSs), biosurfactants, and bacterial peptides, with profound anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. This review provides a classification of postbiotic types and a comprehensive summary of the current state of research on their biological role against CRC. It also describes how their intricate interaction with the gut microbiota regulates the proper function of the intestinal barrier, thus eliminating gut dysbiosis and CRC development. Finally, it discusses the future perspectives in precision-medicine approaches as well as the challenges of their synthesis and optimization of administration in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Touraki
- Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Huang CL, Chu HF, Wu CC, Deng FS, Wen PJ, Chien SP, Chao CH, Chen YT, Lu MK, Tsai YC. Exopolysaccharide is the potential effector of Lactobacillus fermentum PS150, a hypnotic psychobiotic strain. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1209067. [PMID: 37469436 PMCID: PMC10352126 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1209067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychobiotics are a class of probiotics that confer beneficial effects on the mental health of the host. We have previously reported hypnotic effects of a psychobiotic strain, Lactobacillus fermentum PS150 (PS150), which significantly shortens sleep latency in experimental mice, and effectively ameliorate sleep disturbances caused by either caffeine consumption or a novel environment. In the present study, we discovered a L. fermentum strain, GR1009, isolated from the same source of PS150, and found that GR1009 is phenotypically distinct but genetically similar to PS150. Compared with PS150, GR1009 have no significant hypnotic effects in the pentobarbital-induced sleep test in mice. In addition, we found that heat-killed PS150 exhibited hypnotic effects and altered the gut microbiota in a manner similar to live bacteria, suggesting that a heat-stable effector, such as exopolysaccharide (EPS), could be responsible for these effects. Our comparative genomics analysis also revealed distinct genetic characteristics in EPS biosynthesis between GR1009 and PS150. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy imaging showed a sheet-like EPS structure in PS150, while GR1009 displayed no apparent EPS structure. Using the phenol-sulfate assay, we found that the sugar content value of the crude extract containing EPS (C-EPS) from PS150 was approximately five times higher than that of GR1009, indicating that GR1009 has a lower EPS production activity than PS150. Through the pentobarbital-induced sleep test, we confirmed the hypnotic effects of the C-EPS isolated from PS150, as evidenced by a significant reduction in sleep latency and recovery time following oral administration in mice. In summary, we utilized a comparative approach to delineate differences between PS150 and GR1009 and proposed that EPS may serve as a key factor that mediates the observed hypnotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Lin Huang
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Bened Biomedical Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Feng Chu
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Shao-Ping Chien
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhang J, Xiao Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Chen W, Lu W. Lactic acid bacteria-derived exopolysaccharide: Formation, immunomodulatory ability, health effects, and structure-function relationship. Microbiol Res 2023; 274:127432. [PMID: 37320895 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) synthesized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have implications for host health and act as food ingredients. Due to the variability of LAB-EPS (lactic acid bacteria-derived exopolysaccharide) gene clusters, especially the glycosyltransferase genes that determine monosaccharide composition, the structure of EPS is very rich. EPSs are synthesized by LAB through the extracellular synthesis pathway and the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway. LAB-EPS has a strong immunomodulatory ability. The EPSs produced by different genera of LAB, especially Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus, have different immunomodulatory abilities because of their specific structures. LAB-EPS possesses other health effects, including antitumor, antioxidant, intestinal barrier repair, antimicrobial, antiviral, and cholesterol-lowering activities. The bioactivities of LAB-EPS are tightly related to their structures such us monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bonds, and molecular weight (MW). For the excellent physicochemical property, LAB-EPS acts as product improvers in dairy, bakery food, and meat in terms of stability, emulsification, thickening, and gelling. We systematically summarize the detailed process of EPS from synthesis to application, with emphasis on physiological mechanisms of EPS, and specific structure-function relationship, which provides theoretical support for the potential commercial value in the pharmaceutical, chemical, food, and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Salimi F, Farrokh P. Recent advances in the biological activities of microbial exopolysaccharides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:213. [PMID: 37256348 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are valuable extracellular macromolecules secreted as capsules or slime layers. Various microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and algae have been studied for their ability to produce EPSs. Microbial EPSs exist as homopolysaccharides or heteropolysaccharides with various properties such as different monosaccharide compositions, structural conformation, molecular weight, and functional groups. They are cost-effective alternatives to plant and animal-derived polysaccharides because the microbial cells produced them in large quantities by biotechnological processes using low-cost substrates such as industrial wastes in a short time. Microbial EPSs are safe, biodegradable, and compatible polymers. They have extensive bioactivities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, antitumor, antidiabetic, antiulcer, anticoagulant, antiaging, immunomodulatory, wound healing, and cholesterol-lowering activities. Microbial EPSs owing to biological activities, special biochemical structures, and attractive physicochemical properties find plenty of potential applications in various industries. The enhancement of the production of EPSs and improving their properties can be provided by genetic engineering methods. The current review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the therapeutic activities of microbial EPSs in infectious diseases and metabolic disorders, with a focus on the mechanisms involved. Also, the effect of the physicochemical characteristics of EPSs on these bioactivities was discussed to reveal the structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Salimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-41167, Iran.
| | - Parisa Farrokh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-41167, Iran
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Garbacz K. Anticancer activity of lactic acid bacteria. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:356-366. [PMID: 34995799 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), a group of Gram-positive microorganisms naturally occurring in fermented food products and used as probiotics, have been gaining the interest of researchers for years. LAB are potent, albeit still not wholly understood, source of bioactive compounds with various functions and activity. Metabolites of LAB, among others, short-chain fatty acids, exopolysaccharides and bacteriocins have promising anticancer potential. Research on the interactions between the bioactive metabolites of LAB and immune mechanisms demonstrated that these substances could exert a strong immunomodulatory effect, which would explain their vast therapeutic potential. The anticancer activity of LAB was confirmed both in vitro and in animal models against cancer cells from various malignancies. LAB inhibit tumor growth through various mechanisms, including antiproliferative activity, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, as well as through antimutagenic, antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this review was to summarize the most recent data about the anticancer activity of LAB, with particular emphasis on the most promising bioactive compounds with potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Garbacz
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdansk, 25 Dębowa Str., 80-204, Gdansk, Poland.
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Cimini D, D’ambrosio S, Stellavato A, Fusco A, Corsaro MM, Dabous A, Casillo A, Donnarumma G, Giori AM, Schiraldi C. Optimization of growth of Levilactobacillus brevis SP 48 and in vitro evaluation of the effect of viable cells and high molecular weight potential postbiotics on Helicobacter pylori. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1007004. [PMID: 36394050 PMCID: PMC9661962 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1007004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several Levilactobacillus brevis strains have the potential to be used as probiotics since they provide health benefits due to the interaction of live cells, and of their secreted products, with the host (tissues). Therefore, the development of simple fermentation processes that improve cell viability to reduce industrial production costs, and at the same time the characterization and biological evaluation of cell-free postbiotics that can further promote application, are of great interest. In the present study, small scale batch fermentations on semi defined media, deprived of animal derived raw materials, were used to optimize growth of L. brevis SP48, reaching 1.2 ± 0.4 × 1010 CFU/ml of viable cells after 16 h of growth. Displacement, competition, and inhibition assays compared the effect, on Helicobacter pylori, of L. brevis cells to that of its partially purified potentially postbiotic fraction rich in exopolysaccharides and proteins. The expression of pro and anti-inflammatory biochemical markers indicated that both samples activated antimicrobial defenses and innate immunity in a gastric model. Moreover, these compounds also acted as modulators of the inflammatory response in a gut in vitro model. These data demonstrate that the high molecular weight compounds secreted by L. brevis SP48 can contrast H. pylori and reduce inflammation related to intestinal bowel disease, potentially overcoming issues related to the preservation of probiotic viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Cimini
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Sergio D’ambrosio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fusco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Azza Dabous
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Biological Functions of Exopolysaccharides from Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Potential Benefits for Humans and Farmed Animals. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091284. [PMID: 35564008 PMCID: PMC9101012 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPS), which are structurally diverse biopolymers with a broad range of technological properties and bioactivities. There is scientific evidence that these polymers have health-promoting properties. Most commercialized probiotic microorganisms for consumption by humans and farmed animals are LAB and some of them are EPS-producers indicating that some of their beneficial properties could be due to these polymers. Probiotic LAB are currently used to improve human health and for the prevention and treatment of specific pathologic conditions. They are also used in food-producing animal husbandry, mainly due to their abilities to promote growth and inhibit pathogens via different mechanisms, among which the production of EPS could be involved. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss the current knowledge of the characteristics, usage and biological role of EPS from LAB, as well as their postbiotic action in humans and animals, and to predict the future contribution that they could have on the diet of food animals to improve productivity, animal health status and impact on public health.
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Li F, Jiao X, Zhao J, Liao X, Wei Y, Li Q. Antitumor mechanisms of an exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus fermentum on HT-29 cells and HT-29 tumor-bearing mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:552-562. [PMID: 35421410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We have obtained an exopolysaccharide (YL-11 EPS) produced by Lactobacillus fermentum YL-11 isolated from fermented milk and confirmed that it can effectively inhibit colon cancer HT-29 cells proliferation in vitro. The aim of this study is to study anti-colon cancer effect in vivo and its possible mechanisms. Animal assays indicated YL-11 EPS treatment significantly suppressed the growth of HT-29 tumor xenograft without exhibiting obvious negative effects on normal cells. Cell experiments demonstrated YL-11 EPS treatment up regulated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and induced the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and improved the expression of cleaved caspases-3 and cleaved PARP proteins, and finally induced HT-29 cells apoptosis, suggesting the involvement of mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, YL-11 EPS can block the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and arrest the cell cycle in G1-phase to exert its anti-colon cancer activity. Overall, YL-11 EPS can be explored as a potential nutraceutical to prevent colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xu Jiao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yunlu Wei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Quanhong Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Limosilactobacillus fermentum ING8, a Potential Multifunctional Non-Starter Strain with Relevant Technological Properties and Antimicrobial Activity. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050703. [PMID: 35267336 PMCID: PMC8909343 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have gained particular attention among different exopolysaccharide-producing microorganisms due to their safety status and effects on human health and food production. Exopolysaccharide-producing LAB play a crucial role in different ways, such as improving texture, mouthfeel, controlling viscosity, and for low-calorie food production. In this study, we isolated a multifunctional strain with good exopolysaccharide production properties. Limosilactobacillus fermentum ING8 was isolated from an Indian traditional fermented milk (Dahi) and evaluated for its safety, enzymatic activity, NaCl resistance and temperature tolerance, milk coagulation, and storage stability. Finally, the complete genome of this strain was sequenced and subjected to safety in silico evaluation and genomic analysis. The results revealed that L. fermentum ING8 possesses relevant technological properties, such as exopolysaccharide production, antimicrobial activity, and galactose utilization. Besides, this strain showed very high stability to storage conditions at refrigeration temperature. In addition, the genomic analysis did not evidence any possible deleterious elements, such as acquired antibiotic resistance genes, virulence genes, or hemolysis-related genes. However, all structural genes related to the galactose operon and EPS production were detected. Therefore, L. fermentum ING8 can be considered a promising multifunctional bacterium to be proposed as non-starter in different types of dairy productions.
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Akhtach S, Tabia Z, Bricha M, Belkhou R, Mabrouk KE. Investigation on exopolysaccharide production by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus P14 isolated from Moroccan raw cow's milk. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4840-4850. [PMID: 34642967 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four strains were isolated from 50 samples of raw cow's milk originated from different regions of Morocco. After different screening methods, one strain was selected as the highest exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing isolate and was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus P14. Moreover, the EPS-producing ability, bacterial growth, and pH of the medium were monitored. The optimization of culture conditions indicated that the high yield of EPS was 685.14 mg/L obtained at 42°C, with lactose as a carbon source. The characterization study showed that the purified EPS consisted of one main fraction that contained 97.67% of carbohydrates. Furthermore, the EPS was identified as a homogeneous polysaccharide, mainly composed of glucose. These results demonstrated the high EPS production ability of the selected L. rhamnosus P14, representing a promising candidate to improve the textural and sensory properties of fermented food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihame Akhtach
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fez, Eco-Campus, Fez, Morocco.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food, and Health (LBEAS), High School of Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Atlas Fez, Morocco
| | - Zakaria Tabia
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fez, Eco-Campus, Fez, Morocco
| | - Meriem Bricha
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fez, Eco-Campus, Fez, Morocco
| | - Rajae Belkhou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food, and Health (LBEAS), High School of Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Atlas Fez, Morocco
| | - Khalil El Mabrouk
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fez, Eco-Campus, Fez, Morocco
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Caballero AM, Villagrán VAS, Serna AJ, Farrés A. Challenges in the production and use of probiotics as therapeuticals in cancer treatment or prevention. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6356962. [PMID: 34427674 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics were defined as microbial strains that confer health benefits to their consumers. The concept has evolved during the last twenty years, and today metabolites produced by the strains, known as postbiotics, and even dead cells, known as paraprobiotics are closely associated to them. The isolation of commensal strains from human microbiome has led to the development of next generation probiotics. This review aims to present an overview of the developments in the area of cancer prevention and treatment, intimately related to advances in the knowledge of the microbiome role in its genesis and therapy. Strain identification and characterization, production processes, delivery strategies and clinical evaluation are crucial to translate results into the market with solid scientific support. Examples of recent tools in isolation, strain typification, quality control and development of new probiotic strains are described. Probiotics market and regulation were originally developed in the food sector, but these new strategies will impact the pharmaceutical and health sectors, requiring new considerations in regulatory frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Mejía Caballero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Insituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Vianey Anahi Salas Villagrán
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alaide Jiménez Serna
- Centro de Investigación y Capacitación en Gastronomía, Universidad del Claustro de Sor Juana, 06080 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Amelia Farrés
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
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Prete R, Alam MK, Perpetuini G, Perla C, Pittia P, Corsetti A. Lactic Acid Bacteria Exopolysaccharides Producers: A Sustainable Tool for Functional Foods. Foods 2021; 10:1653. [PMID: 34359523 PMCID: PMC8305620 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in the food industry, mainly for the production of dairy products, are able to synthetize exopolysaccharides (EPS). EPS play a central role in the assessment of rheological and sensory characteristics of dairy products since they positively influence texture and organoleptic properties. Besides these, EPS have gained relevant interest for pharmacological and nutraceutical applications due to their biocompatibility, non-toxicity and biodegradability. These bioactive compounds may act as antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, antimicrobial and prebiotic agents. This review provides an overview of exopolysaccharide-producing LAB, with an insight on the factors affecting EPS production, their dairy industrial applications and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Prete
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.K.A.); (P.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Mohammad Khairul Alam
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.K.A.); (P.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Giorgia Perpetuini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.K.A.); (P.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Carlo Perla
- Dalton Biotecnologie srl, Spoltore, 65010 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.K.A.); (P.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.P.); (M.K.A.); (P.P.); (A.C.)
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Butorac K, Novak J, Bellich B, Terán LC, Banić M, Leboš Pavunc A, Zjalić S, Cescutti P, Šušković J, Kos B. Lyophilized alginate-based microspheres containing Lactobacillus fermentum D12, an exopolysaccharides producer, contribute to the strain's functionality in vitro. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:85. [PMID: 33865380 PMCID: PMC8052780 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus (Limosilactobacillus) fermentum D12 is an exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing strain whose genome contains a putative eps operon. Whole-genome analysis of D12 was performed to disclose the essential genes correlated with activation of precursor molecules, elongation and export of the polysaccharide chain, and regulation of EPS synthesis. These included the genes required for EPS biosynthesis such as epsA, B, C, D and E, also gt, wzx, and wzy and those involved in the activation of the precursor molecules galE, galT and galU. Both the biosynthesis and export mechanism of EPS were proposed based on functional annotation. When grown on MRS broth with an additional 2% w/v glucose, L. fermentum D12 secreted up to 200 mg/L of a mixture of EPSs, whose porous structure was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Structural information obtained by 1HNMR spectroscopy together with composition and linkage analyses, suggested the presence of at least two different EPSs, a branched heteropolysaccharide containing t-Glcp and 2,6-linked Galf, and glycogen. Since recent reports showed that polysaccharides facilitate the probiotic-host interactions, we at first sought to evaluate the functional potential of L. fermentum D12. Strain D12 survived simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions, exhibited antibacterial activity against enteropathogenic bacteria, adhered to Caco-2 cells in vitro, and as such showed potential for in vivo functionality. The EPS crude extract positively influenced D12 strain capacity to survive during freeze-drying and to adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins but did not interfere Caco-2 and mucin adherence when added at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL. Since the viable bacterial count of free D12 cells was 3 logarithmic units lower after the exposure to simulated GIT conditions than the initial count, the bacterial cells had been loaded into alginate for viability improvement. Microspheres of D12 cells, which were previously analyzed at SEM, significantly influenced their survival during freeze-drying and in simulated GIT conditions. Furthermore, the addition of the prebiotic substrates mannitol and lactulose improved the viability of L. fermentum D12 in freeze-dried alginate microspheres during 1-year storage at 4 °C compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Butorac
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Novak
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucrecia C Terán
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Banić
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Leboš Pavunc
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Zjalić
- Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, Trg Kneza Višeslava 9, 23000, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jagoda Šušković
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blaženka Kos
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
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Spangler JR, Caruana JC, Medintz IL, Walper SA. Harnessing the potential of Lactobacillus species for therapeutic delivery at the lumenal-mucosal interface. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO671. [PMID: 33815818 PMCID: PMC8015674 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus species have been studied for over 30 years in their role as commensal organisms in the human gut. Recently there has been a surge of interest in their abilities to natively and recombinantly stimulate immune activities, and studies have identified strains and novel molecules that convey particular advantages for applications as both immune adjuvants and immunomodulators. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in Lactobacillus-related activity at the gut/microbiota interface, the efforts to probe the boundaries of the direct and indirect therapeutic potential of these bacteria, and highlight the continued interest in harnessing the native capacity for the production of biogenic compounds shown to influence nervous system activity. Taken together, these aspects underscore Lactobacillus species as versatile therapeutic delivery vehicles capable of effector production at the lumenal-mucosal interface, and further establish a foundation of efficacy upon which future engineered strains can expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Spangler
- National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow sited in US Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington DC, 20375, USA
| | - Julie C Caruana
- American Society for Engineering Education Postdoctoral Fellow sited in US Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington DC, 20375, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington DC, 20375, USA
| | - Scott A Walper
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington DC, 20375, USA
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Bazireh H, Shariati P, Azimzadeh Jamalkandi S, Ahmadi A, Boroumand MA. Isolation of Novel Probiotic Lactobacillus and Enterococcus Strains From Human Salivary and Fecal Sources. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:597946. [PMID: 33343539 PMCID: PMC7746552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.597946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are non-pathogenic microorganisms that can interact with the gastrointestinal microbiota. They have numerous beneficial health effects that include enhancement of the host immune response, antiallergic, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Probiotics are capable of restoring the impaired microbiome of a dysbiotic gut. They can be isolated from different environments. However, it is frequently suggested that probiotics for human use should come from human sources. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize novel probiotic strains from the saliva and feces of healthy human individuals. To meet the criteria for probiotic attributes, the isolates were subjected to numerous standard morphological and biochemical tests. These tests included Gram staining, catalase tests, antibiotic susceptibility testing, hemolytic and antagonistic evaluation, tolerance tests involving temperature, NaCl levels, pH and bile salts, adherence ability assays, and genotypic characterization involving 16S rRNA gene sequencing. From 26 saliva and 11 stool samples, 185 microbial strains were isolated. Based on morphological and biochemical characteristics, 14 potential probiotic candidates were selected and identified genotypically. The new strains belonged to Lactobacillus fermentum, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus hire. The selected strains were non-hemolytic, showed high tolerance to low pH and bile salts, and strong adherence abilities. Furthermore, the strains displayed a wide range of antimicrobial activities, particularly against antibiotic-resistant pathogens such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, five of the selected isolates demonstrated antiproliferative features against human colon cancer cell line (Caco-2). The results of this investigation confirm the diversity of microbial populations in the human gut and saliva, and since these strains are of human origin, they will highly likely display maximal activities in food and drugs set for human use. Hence, the new strains of this study require additional in vivo experiments to assess their health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Bazireh
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Shariati
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Boroumand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Production, Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of an Extracellular Polysaccharide from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa YL-1 Isolated from Sea Salt Field. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120595. [PMID: 33256151 PMCID: PMC7760879 DOI: 10.3390/md18120595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel exopolysaccharide from marine-derived red yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain YL-1 was produced and characterized. The highest yield of polysaccharide reached 15.1 g/L after medium and culture parameter optimization. This exopolysaccharide, composed of four neural monosaccharides including glucose, mannose, galactose and fucose, had an average molecular weight of 1200 KDa. It had good immunomodulatory activity on RAW256.7 cell lines. ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and Q-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) results showed that the cell was stimulated to express more IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β and TNFα cytokines than the control group. This is the first report of an exopolysaccharide with immunomodulatory activity from marine-derived Rhodotorula mucilaginosa.
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Characterization and antitumor activity of novel exopolysaccharide APS of Lactobacillus plantarum WLPL09 from human breast milk. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:985-995. [PMID: 32629060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Two exopolysaccharides, NPS and APS, were isolated from L. plantarum WLPL09 and purified by ion-exchange chromatography. The structural analyses showed that molecular weight of NPS and APS were 72.60 kDa and 33.22 kDa, respectively. NPS was mainly composed of mannose and glucose, in molar ratio of 85.35:14.65, while APS was composed of mannose, glucose and galactose, in molar ratio of 89.69:8.65:1.66. In in vitro antitumor assays, APS displayed strong anti-proliferative effect against HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and HCT-8 colon adenocarcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Morphological and flow cytometry analyses revealed that APS strongly induced apoptosis of HepG2 and HCT-8, especially for HCT-8. Furthermore, APS significantly up-regulated the mRNA level of apoptosis-related genes in cancer cells, and remarkably improved the activities of caspase-3, -8 and -9 in HepG2, caspase-3 and -8 in HCT-8. These results suggest APS might be explored as a potential, natural antitumor agent for functional food.
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Ye L, Wang C. The anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria exopolysaccharides in vitro: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 253:117308. [PMID: 33278957 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a particular group of gram-positive bacteria that are usually involved in natural ferments and widely used in food manufacture industry. Most of them can produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), surface carbohydrate polymers with diverse biological functions. LAB EPS are potentially complementary and alternative medicines against cancer. EPS show anti-proliferative effects on a variety of tumor cells from intestine, liver, breast, etc. They modulate the development of tumors through various mechanisms including promoting apoptosis, inducing cell cycle arrest as well as anti-mutagenic, anti-oxidative, anti-angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory effects. Bacterial origin, existence form, chemical structure, purity et al. are important factors affecting the anticancer effects of EPS. The future challenge lies in elucidating the precise structure-function relationship of LAB EPS. Besides, more in vivo studies and further clinical trials are indispensable to confirm the anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Endodontics Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Endodontics Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Endodontics Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Endodontics Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Bachtarzi N, Speciale I, Kharroub K, De Castro C, Ruiz L, Ruas-Madiedo P. Selection of Exopolysaccharide-Producing Lactobacillus Plantarum ( Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum) Isolated from Algerian Fermented Foods for the Manufacture of Skim-Milk Fermented Products. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1101. [PMID: 32717902 PMCID: PMC7465087 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing Lactobacillus plantarum (renamed as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) LBIO1, LBIO14 and LBIO28 strains, isolated from fermented dairy products typical from Algeria, were characterized to evaluate the impact of the polymers in milk fermentations. Their genomes revealed the presence of two complete eps clusters of the four described for the reference strain WCFS1. Besides, the three strains presented identical sequences of eps3 and eps4 clusters, but LBIO1 and LBIO28 harbour three genes belonging to eps2 which are absent in the LBIO14 genome. The EPS purified from fermented skim-milks manufactured with the strains showed identical nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and size exclusion chromatography coupled with a multiangle laser light scattering detector (SEC-MALLS) profiles for polymers LBIO1 and LBIO28, whereas LBIO14 EPS was different due to the lack of the high-molecular weight (HMW)-EPS and the absence of specific monosaccharide's peaks in the anomeric region of its proton NMR spectrum. The presence of the HMW-EPS correlated with optimal sensorial-physical characteristics of the fermented skim-milks (ropy phenotype). Their microstructures, studied by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM), also showed differences in the organization of the casein-network and the distribution of the bacteria inside this matrix. Therefore, the strain LBIO1 can be proposed for the manufacture of dairy products that require high whey retention capability, whereas LBIO28 could be applied to increase the viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bachtarzi
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; (N.B.); (L.R.)
- Laboratoire de Recherche Biotechnologie et Qualité des Aliments (BIOQUAL), Institut de la Nutrition, de l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agro Alimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Constantine 25017, Algeria;
| | - Immacolata Speciale
- Department of Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Karima Kharroub
- Laboratoire de Recherche Biotechnologie et Qualité des Aliments (BIOQUAL), Institut de la Nutrition, de l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agro Alimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Constantine 25017, Algeria;
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; (N.B.); (L.R.)
- Group Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; (N.B.); (L.R.)
- Group Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Milanović V, Osimani A, Garofalo C, Belleggia L, Maoloni A, Cardinali F, Mozzon M, Foligni R, Aquilanti L, Clementi F. Selection of cereal-sourced lactic acid bacteria as candidate starters for the baking industry. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236190. [PMID: 32702068 PMCID: PMC7377444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of sourdough bread mainly depends on metabolic activities of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by LAB affect positively the technological and nutritional properties of the bread, while phytases improve the bioavailability of the minerals by reducing its phytate content. In the present study, a pool of 152 cereal-sourced LAB were screened for production of phytases and EPS for potential use as sourdough starter cultures for the baking industry. There was large heterogeneity in the phytase activity observed among the screened isolates, with 95% showing the ability to degrade sodium phytate on plates containing Sourdough Simulation Medium (SSM). The isolates Lactobacillus brevis LD65 and Lactobacillus plantarum PB241 showed the highest enzymatic activity, while the isolates ascribed to Weissella confusa were characterized by low or no phytase activity. Only 18% of the screened LAB produced EPS, which were distinguished as ropy or mucoid phenotypes on SSM supplemented with sucrose. Almost all the EPS producers carried one or more genes (epsD/E and/or epsA) involved in the production of heteropolysaccharides (HePS), whereas the isolates ascribed to Leuconostoc citreum and W. confusa carried genes involved in the production of both HePS and homopolysaccharides (HoPS). Monosaccharide composition analysis of the EPS produced by a selected subset of isolates revealed that all the HePS included glucose, mannose, and galactose, though at different ratios. Furthermore, a few isolates ascribed to L. citreum and W. confusa and carrying the gtf gene produced β-glucans after fermentation in an ad hoc formulated barley flour medium. Based on the overall results collected, a subset of candidate sourdough starter cultures for the baking industry was selected, including Lb. brevis LD66 and L. citreum PB220, which showed high phytase activity and positive EPS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Milanović
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Osimani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristiana Garofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Belleggia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonietta Maoloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Cardinali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Mozzon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Foligni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Aquilanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- * E-mail: (FC); (LA)
| | - Francesca Clementi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- * E-mail: (FC); (LA)
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