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Pérez-García C, Sempere J, de Miguel S, Hita S, Úbeda A, Vidal EJ, Llorente J, Limia A, de Miguel AG, Sanz JC, Martinón-Torres F, Ardanuy C, Domenech M, Yuste J. Surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in Spain exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2023). J Infect 2024; 89:106204. [PMID: 38906265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dynamic trends of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) including the evolution of prevalent serotypes are very useful to evaluate the impact of current and future pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) and the rise of non-vaccine serotypes. In this study, we include epidemiological patterns of S. pneumoniae before and after COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We characterized all national IPD isolates from children and adults received at the Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory during 2019-2023. RESULTS In the first pandemic year 2020, we found a general reduction in IPD cases across all age groups, followed by a partial resurgence in children in 2021 but not in adults. By 2022, IPD cases in children had returned to pre-pandemic levels, and partially in adults. In 2023, IPD rates surpassed those of the last pre-pandemic year. Notably, the emergence of serotype 3 is of significant concern, becoming the leading cause of IPD in both pediatric and adult populations over the last two years (2022-2023). Increase of serotype 4 in young adults occurred in the last epidemiological years. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic led to a temporary decline in all IPD cases during 2020 attributable to non-pharmaceutical interventions followed by a subsequent rise. Employing PCVs with broader coverage and/or enhanced immunogenicity may be critical to mitigate the marked increase of IPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Covadonga Pérez-García
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Sempere
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara de Miguel
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Preventive Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samantha Hita
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aída Úbeda
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erick Joan Vidal
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Llorente
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Parasitology, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Seville, Spain
| | - Aurora Limia
- General Directorate of Public Health, Spanish Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Gil de Miguel
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Preventive Medicine Department, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Sanz
- Regional Public Health Laboratory, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; GENVIP research group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela and University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitary de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mirian Domenech
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, University Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Yuste
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
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Cercenado E, Ramos B, Pérez-Abeledo M, Sempere J, Yuste J, Sanz JC. Invasive disease caused simultaneously by two different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae: a microbiological appreciation. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:1013-1016. [PMID: 38416289 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
We report a clinical case of a child with an invasive pneumococcal disease caused by two different pneumococcal serotypes that belonged to different sequence types. She was a 15-month-old girl with pneumonia and pleural effusion in which S. pneumoniae colonies with different morphologies grew, one from the blood culture (characteristic greyish appearance) and the other from the pleural fluid (mucoid appearance). The isolate from blood was serotype 22 F (ST698/CC698/GPSC61), while the isolate from the pleural fluid was serotype 3 (ST180/CC180/GPSC12). The patient fully recovered after treatment with intravenous ampicillin followed by oral amoxicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Cercenado
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Belén Ramos
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Public Health Regional Laboratory of the Community of Madrid, Directorate General of Public Health, Regional Ministry of Health of Madrid, Madrid, 28055, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Abeledo
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Public Health Regional Laboratory of the Community of Madrid, Directorate General of Public Health, Regional Ministry of Health of Madrid, Madrid, 28055, Spain
| | - Julio Sempere
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Yuste
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Sanz
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Public Health Regional Laboratory of the Community of Madrid, Directorate General of Public Health, Regional Ministry of Health of Madrid, Madrid, 28055, Spain.
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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Blanco FG, Vázquez R, Hernández-Arriaga AM, García P, Prieto MA. Enzybiotic-mediated antimicrobial functionalization of polyhydroxyalkanoates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1220336. [PMID: 37449090 PMCID: PMC10336440 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1220336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) present some ideal properties as biomedical nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery such as enhanced translocation through body barriers. Biopolymers, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are gaining attention as nanocarrier biomaterials due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to be vehiculized through hydrophobic media, such as the lung surfactant (LS). Upon colonization of the lung alveoli, below the LS layer, Streptococcus pneumoniae, causes community-acquired pneumonia, a severe respiratory condition. In this work, we convert PHA NPs into an antimicrobial material by the immobilization of an enzybiotic, an antimicrobial enzyme, via a minimal PHA affinity tag. We first produced the fusion protein M711, comprising the minimized PHA affinity tag, MinP, and the enzybiotic Cpl-711, which specifically targets S. pneumoniae. Then, a PHA nanoparticulate suspension with adequate physicochemical properties for pulmonary delivery was formulated, and NPs were decorated with M711. Finally, we assessed the antipneumococcal activity of the nanosystem against planktonic and biofilm forms of S. pneumoniae. The resulting system displayed sustained antimicrobial activity against both, free and sessile cells, confirming that tag-mediated immobilization of enzybiotics on PHAs is a promising platform for bioactive antimicrobial functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G. Blanco
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB–CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform of Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy, Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Vázquez
- Protein Engineering Against Antibiotic Resistance Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Hernández-Arriaga
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB–CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform of Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy, Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro García
- Protein Engineering Against Antibiotic Resistance Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Auxiliadora Prieto
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB–CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform of Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy, Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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CALABRÒ GIOVANNAELISA, VITALE FRANCESCO, RIZZO CATERINA, PUGLIESE ANDREA, BOCCALINI SARA, BECHINI ANGELA, PANATTO DONATELLA, AMICIZIA DANIELA, DOMNICH ALEXANDER, AMODIO EMANUELE, COSTANTINO CLAUDIO, DI PIETRO MARIALUISA, SALVATI CRISTINA, D’AMBROSIO FLORIANA, ORSINI FRANCESCA, MAIDA ADA, DOMINICI ANNA, CLEMENTE DANIA, CECCI MARINA, PELLACCHIA ANDREA, DI SERAFINO FRANCESCA, BAKKER KEVIN, MALIK TUFAILMOHAMMAD, SHAROMI OLUWASEUN, BELLUZZO MIRIAM, LEONFORTE FRANCESCO, ZAGRA LUIGI, LA GATTA EMANUELE, PETRELLA LUIGI, BONANNI PAOLO, DE WAURE CHIARA. [The new 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for the prevention of S. pneumoniae infections in pediatric age: a Health Technology Assessment]. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2023; 64:E1-E160. [PMID: 37655211 PMCID: PMC10468156 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.1s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- GIOVANNA ELISA CALABRÒ
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
- VIHTALI (Value In Health Technology and Academy for Leadership & Innovation), Spin-off dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - FRANCESCO VITALE
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo
| | - CATERINA RIZZO
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italia
| | - ANDREA PUGLIESE
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Trento, Trento, Italia
| | - SARA BOCCALINI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli di Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - ANGELA BECHINI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli di Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - DONATELLA PANATTO
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sull’Influenza e le altre Infezioni Trasmissibili (CIRI-IT), Genova, Italia
| | - DANIELA AMICIZIA
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sull’Influenza e le altre Infezioni Trasmissibili (CIRI-IT), Genova, Italia
| | | | - EMANUELE AMODIO
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo
| | - CLAUDIO COSTANTINO
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo
| | - MARIA LUISA DI PIETRO
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - CRISTINA SALVATI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli di Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - FLORIANA D’AMBROSIO
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - FRANCESCA ORSINI
- Alta Scuola di Economia e Management dei Sistemi Sanitari (ALTEMS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - ADA MAIDA
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - ANNA DOMINICI
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli di Studi di Perugia, Italia
| | - DANIA CLEMENTE
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli di Studi di Perugia, Italia
| | - MARINA CECCI
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli di Studi di Perugia, Italia
| | - ANDREA PELLACCHIA
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli di Studi di Perugia, Italia
| | - FRANCESCA DI SERAFINO
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italia
| | - KEVIN BAKKER
- Health Economic and Decision Sciences (HEDS), Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - TUFAIL MOHAMMAD MALIK
- Health Economic and Decision Sciences (HEDS), Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - OLUWASEUN SHAROMI
- Health Economic and Decision Sciences (HEDS), Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - MIRIAM BELLUZZO
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo
| | - FRANCESCO LEONFORTE
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo
| | - LUIGI ZAGRA
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo
| | - EMANUELE LA GATTA
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - LUIGI PETRELLA
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - PAOLO BONANNI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli di Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - CHIARA DE WAURE
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli di Studi di Perugia, Italia
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Combination of Cefditoren and N-acetyl-l-Cysteine Shows a Synergistic Effect against Multidrug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilms. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0341522. [PMID: 36445126 PMCID: PMC9769599 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03415-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation by Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with colonization of the upper respiratory tract, including the carrier state, and with chronic respiratory infections in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The use of antibiotics alone to treat recalcitrant infections caused by biofilms is insufficient in many cases, requiring novel strategies based on a combination of antibiotics with other agents, including antibodies, enzybiotics, and antioxidants. In this work, we demonstrate that the third-generation oral cephalosporin cefditoren (CDN) and the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) are synergistic against pneumococcal biofilms. Additionally, the combination of CDN and NAC resulted in the inhibition of bacterial growth (planktonic and biofilm cells) and destruction of the biofilm biomass. This marked antimicrobial effect was also observed in terms of viability in both inhibition (prevention) and disaggregation (treatment) assays. Moreover, the use of CDN and NAC reduced bacterial adhesion to human lung epithelial cells, confirming that this strategy of combining these two compounds is effective against resistant pneumococcal strains colonizing the lung epithelium. Finally, administration of CDN and NAC in mice suffering acute pneumococcal pneumonia caused by a multidrug-resistant strain was effective in clearing the bacteria from the respiratory tract in comparison to treatment with either compound alone. Overall, these results demonstrate that the combination of oral cephalosporins and antioxidants, such as CDN and NAC, respectively, is a promising strategy against respiratory biofilms caused by S. pneumoniae. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the deadliest bacterial pathogens, accounting for up to 2 million deaths annually prior to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Vaccines have decreased the burden of diseases produced by S. pneumoniae, but the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains and nonvaccine serotypes is worrisome. Pneumococcal biofilms are associated with chronic respiratory infections, and treatment is challenging, making the search for new antibiofilm therapies a priority as biofilms become resistant to traditional antibiotics. In this work, we used the combination of an antibiotic (CDN) and an antioxidant (NAC) to treat the pneumococcal biofilms of relevant clinical isolates. We demonstrated a synergy between CDN and NAC that inhibited and treated pneumococcal biofilms, impaired pneumococcal adherence to the lung epithelium, and treated pneumonia in a mouse pneumonia model. We propose the widely used cephalosporin CDN and the repurposed drug NAC as a new antibiofilm therapy against S. pneumoniae biofilms, including those formed by antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates.
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Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 on antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes with reduced susceptibility in Spain, 2004-20: a national surveillance study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2022; 3:e744-e752. [PMID: 35932764 PMCID: PMC9348823 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies are necessary to explore the effect of current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) against antibiotic resistance, including the rise of non-vaccine serotypes that are resistant to antibiotics. Hence, epidemiological changes in the antimicrobial pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae before and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic were studied. METHODS In this national surveillance study, we characterised the antimicrobial susceptibility to a panel of antibiotics in 3017 pneumococcal clinical isolates with reduced susceptibility to penicillin during 2004-20 in Spain. This study covered the early and late PCV7 periods; the early, middle, and late PCV13 periods; and the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, to evaluate the contribution of PCVs and the pandemic to the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes associated with antibiotic resistance. FINDINGS Serotypes included in PCV7 and PCV13 showed a decline after the introduction of PCVs in Spain. However, an increase in non-PCV13 serotypes (mainly 11A, 24F, and 23B) that were not susceptible to penicillin promptly appeared. A rise in the proportion of pneumococcal strains with reduced susceptibility to β-lactams and erythromycin was observed in 2020, coinciding with the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Cefditoren was the β-lactam with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)50 or MIC90 values, and had the highest proportion of susceptible strains throughout 2004-20. INTERPRETATION The increase in non-PCV13 serotypes associated with antibiotic resistance is concerning, especially the increase of penicillin resistance linked to serotypes 11A and 24F. The future use of PCVs with an increasingly broad spectrum (such as PCV20, which includes serotype 11A) could reduce the impact of antibiotic resistance for non-PCV13 serotypes. The use of antibiotics to prevent co-infections in patients with COVID-19 might have affected the increased proportion of pneumococcal-resistant strains. Cefotaxime as a parenteral option, and cefditoren as an oral choice, were the antibiotics with the highest activity against non-PCV20 serotypes. FUNDING The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and Meiji-Pharma Spain. TRANSLATION For the Spanish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Silva PH, Vázquez Y, Campusano C, Retamal-Díaz A, Lay MK, Muñoz CA, González PA, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM. Non-capsular based immunization approaches to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:949469. [PMID: 36225231 PMCID: PMC9548657 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.949469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium and the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia in children and the elderly worldwide. Currently, two types of licensed vaccines are available to prevent the disease caused by this pathogen: the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-based vaccine and the 7-, 10, 13, 15 and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. However, these vaccines, composed of the principal capsular polysaccharide of leading serotypes of this bacterium, have some problems, such as high production costs and serotype-dependent effectiveness. These drawbacks have stimulated research initiatives into non-capsular-based vaccines in search of a universal vaccine against S. pneumoniae. In the last decades, several research groups have been developing various new vaccines against this bacterium based on recombinant proteins, live attenuated bacterium, inactivated whole-cell vaccines, and other newer platforms. Here, we review and discuss the status of non-capsular vaccines against S. pneumoniae and the future of these alternatives in a post-pandemic scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H. Silva
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yaneisi Vázquez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Campusano
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angello Retamal-Díaz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Margarita K. Lay
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Christian A. Muñoz
- Unidad de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Susan M. Bueno,
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Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Associated Factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Rate among Old-Age Patients with Respiratory Tract Infection Attending Sheik Hassan Yebere Referral and Karamara General Hospitals, Jigjiga, Ethiopia. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:9338251. [PMID: 36193092 PMCID: PMC9525751 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9338251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract of humans. Colonization of the upper respiratory tract (carriage of pneumococcus) by S. pneumoniae is considered a prerequisite for pneumococcal infection. It is the major cause of respiratory tract infection and frequent cause of physician visits, hospitalization, and death among old-aged patients because of their low immunity status. However, data on S. pneumoniae among old-aged patients in eastern Ethiopia are limited. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and associated factor of S. pneumoniae colonization among old-aged patients. Method A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 March to 15 April 2020, at Sheik Hassan Yebere Referral and Karamara General Hospitals, Jigjiga, eastern Ethiopia. A total of 188 individuals greater than or equal to 60 years suspected of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections were included. Sociodemographic, behavioral, living conditions, and clinical data were collected by trained data collectors. Sputum samples were collected and examined for S. pneumoniae using the culture and biochemical tests as per the standard procedures. The Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The data were entered on Epi-data version 3.1, and frequencies, crude odds ratio, and adjusted odds ratio were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results The prevalence of S. pneumoniae colonization rate among old-aged patients was 13.8% (26/188) (95% CI: 9.6–19.1). Smoking (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.3–8.3), upper airway problems (AOR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.1–15), and asthma disease (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.1–8.9) were the factors associated with S. pneumoniae colonization. The isolated organisms showed high antimicrobial resistance to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (n = 12, 46.2%), tetracycline (n = 11, 42.3%), and ampicillin (n = 9, 34.6%). Conclusion This study showed that high prevalence of S. pneumoniae and antimicrobial resistance for trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, and ampicillin when compared to similar studies. Cigarette smoking, having upper airway problem, and asthma disease were factors associated with S. pneumoniae colonization. The provision of pneumococci conjugate vaccination and avoiding smoking are highly recommended for old aged in the community.
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Ryman J, Weaver J, Yee KL, Sachs JR. Predicting effectiveness of the V114 vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in children. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1515-1521. [PMID: 35997125 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential impact of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) is assessed by using immune responses to predict their effectiveness against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). This analysis predicted the serotype-specific effectiveness against IPD of a new 15-valent PCV (V114) for the serotypes shared with a 13-valent PCV (PCV13), in a US pediatric population given a 3 + 1 dosing regimen. METHODS Beginning with the known serotype-specific antibody concentrations after vaccination with placebo, 7-valent PCV (PCV7) and PCV13, reverse cumulative distribution curves were used, along with published serotype-specific vaccine effectiveness of PCV7 and PCV13, to derive a protective antibody concentration (Cp) for each PCV13 serotype in V114. Serotype-specific effectiveness was predicted using the Cp estimates and the respective serotype-specific antibody concentrations of placebo and V114 recipients in recent pediatric clinical trials. RESULTS Predicted serotype-specific V114 effectiveness values ranged from 86% to 99% for PCV7 serotypes and from 59% to 97% for (non-PCV7) PCV13 serotypes. CONCLUSIONS V114 serotype-specific effectiveness against IPD in a US pediatric population was predicted to be largely comparable to that of PCV7 and PCV13 for shared serotypes, with models suggesting likelihood of high overall benefit gained from increased serotype 3 effectiveness, and additional protection against serotypes 22 F and 33 F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah Ryman
- Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica Weaver
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Ka Lai Yee
- Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Sachs
- Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
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10
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Clearance of mixed biofilms of Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-susceptible/resistant Staphylococcus aureus by antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine and cysteamine. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6668. [PMID: 35461321 PMCID: PMC9035182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections are of great concern because they are associated with antibiotic resistance and immune evasion. Co-colonization by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae is possible and a threat in clinical practice. We investigated the interaction between S. aureus and S. pneumoniae in mixed biofilms and tested new antibiofilm therapies with antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and cysteamine (Cys). We developed two in vitro S. aureus–S. pneumoniae mixed biofilms in 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates and we treated in vitro biofilms with Cys and NAC analyzing their effect by CV staining and viable plate counting. S. pneumoniae needed a higher proportion of cells in the inoculum and planktonic culture to reach a similar population rate in the mixed biofilm. We demonstrated the effect of Cys in preventing S. aureus biofilms and S. aureus–S. pneumoniae mixed biofilms. Moreover, administration of 5 mg/ml of NAC nearly eradicated the S. pneumoniae population and killed nearly 94% of MSSA cells and 99% of MRSA cells in the mixed biofilms. The methicillin resistance background did not change the antioxidants effect in S. aureus. These results identify NAC and Cys as promising repurposed drug candidates for the prevention and treatment of mixed biofilms by S. pneumoniae and S. aureus.
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11
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Sempere J, González-Camacho F, Domenech M, Llamosí M, Del Río I, López-Ruiz B, Gimeno M, Coronel P, Yuste J. A national longitudinal study evaluating the activity of cefditoren and other antibiotics against non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae strains during the period 2004-20 in Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:1045-1051. [PMID: 35045160 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance studies including antibiotic resistance and evolution of pneumococcal serotypes are critical to evaluate the susceptibility of commonly used antibiotics and the contribution of conjugate vaccines against resistant strains. OBJECTIVES To determine the susceptibility of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae with reduced susceptibility to penicillin to a panel of antibiotics during the period 2004-20 and characterize the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in the evolution of resistant serotypes. METHODS We selected 3017 clinical isolates in order to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration to penicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, levofloxacin and oral cephalosporins, including cefditoren, cefixime and cefpodoxime. RESULTS The antibiotics with the lowest proportion of resistant strains from 2004 to 2020 were cefditoren (<0.4%), followed by cefotaxime (<5%), penicillin (<6.5%) and levofloxacin (<7%). Among oral cephalosporins, cefixime was the cephalosporin with the highest MIC90 (32 mg/L) and MIC50 (8-16 mg/L) throughout the study, followed by cefpodoxime with highest values of MIC90 (4 mg/L) and MIC50 (2 mg/L) for the majority of the study period. In contrast, cefditoren was the cephalosporin with the lowest MIC90 (1 mg/L) and MIC50 (0.25-0.5 mg/L). CONCLUSIONS Cefditoren was the antibiotic with the highest proportion of susceptible strains. Hence, more than 80% of the clinical strains were susceptible to cefditoren throughout the period 2004-20. The proportion of resistant isolates to cefditoren and cefotaxime was scarce, being less than 0.4% for cefditoren and lower than 5% for cefotaxime, despite the increased rates of serotypes not covered by the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Sempere
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Camacho
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Mirian Domenech
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28220, Spain.,Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Mirella Llamosí
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Idoia Del Río
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Ruiz
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gimeno
- Scientific Department, Meiji Pharma Spain, Madrid 28802, Spain
| | - Pilar Coronel
- Scientific Department, Meiji Pharma Spain, Madrid 28802, Spain
| | - Jose Yuste
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28220, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid 28029, Spain
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12
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:1444-1451. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Serotypes and Clonal Composition of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Causing IPD in Children and Adults in Catalonia before 2013 to 2015 and after 2017 to 2019 Systematic Introduction of PCV13. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0115021. [PMID: 34878302 PMCID: PMC8653838 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01150-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the distribution of serotypes and clonal composition of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Catalonia, before and after systematic introduction of PCV13. Pneumococcal strains isolated from normally sterile sites obtained from patients of all ages with IPD received between 2013 and 2019 from 25 health centers of Catalonia were included. Two study periods were defined: presystematic vaccination period (2013 and 2015) and systematic vaccination period (SVP) (2017 to 2019). A total of 2,303 isolates were analyzed. In the SVP, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of IPD cases in children 5 to 17 years old (relative risk [RR] 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38 to 0.99), while there was a significant increase in the incidence of IPD cases in 18- to 64-year-old adults (RR 1.33; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.52) and adults over 65 years old (RR 1.23; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.38). Serotype 8 was the major emerging serotype in all age groups except in 5- to 17-year-old children. In children younger than 5 years old, the main serotypes in SVP were 24F, 15A, and 3, while in adults older than 65 years they were serotypes 3, 8, and 12F. A significant decrease in the proportions of clonal complexes CC156, CC191, and ST306 and an increase in those of CC180, CC53, and CC404 were observed. A steady decrease in the incidence of IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes indicates the importance and impact of systematic vaccination. The increase of non-PCV13 serotypes highlights the need to expand serotype coverage in future vaccines and rethink vaccination programs for older adults. IMPORTANCE We found that with the incorporation of the PCV13 vaccine, the numbers of IPD cases caused by serotypes included in this vaccine decreased in all of the age groups. Still, there was an unforeseen increase of the serotypes not included in this vaccine causing IPD, especially in the >65-year-old group. Moreover, a significant increase of serotype 3 included in the vaccine has been observed; this event has been reported by other researchers. These facts call for the incorporation of more serotypes in future vaccines and a more thorough surveillance of the dynamics of this microorganism.
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14
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Martín-Galiano AJ, García E. Streptococcus pneumoniae: a Plethora of Temperate Bacteriophages With a Role in Host Genome Rearrangement. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:775402. [PMID: 34869076 PMCID: PMC8637289 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.775402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria. They are the most abundant biological entity on Earth (current estimates suggest there to be perhaps 1031 particles) and are found nearly everywhere. Temperate phages can integrate into the chromosome of their host, and prophages have been found in abundance in sequenced bacterial genomes. Prophages may modulate the virulence of their host in different ways, e.g., by the secretion of phage-encoded toxins or by mediating bacterial infectivity. Some 70% of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus)—a frequent cause of otitis media, pneumonia, bacteremia and meningitis—isolates harbor one or more prophages. In the present study, over 4000 S. pneumoniae genomes were examined for the presence of prophages, and nearly 90% were found to contain at least one prophage, either defective (47%) or present in full (43%). More than 7000 complete putative integrases, either of the tyrosine (6243) or serine (957) families, and 1210 full-sized endolysins (among them 1180 enzymes corresponding to 318 amino acid-long N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidases [LytAPPH]) were found. Based on their integration site, 26 different pneumococcal prophage groups were documented. Prophages coding for tRNAs, putative virulence factors and different methyltransferases were also detected. The members of one group of diverse prophages (PPH090) were found to integrate into the 3’ end of the host lytASpn gene encoding the major S. pneumoniae autolysin without disrupting it. The great similarity of the lytASpnand lytAPPH genes (85–92% identity) allowed them to recombine, via an apparent integrase-independent mechanism, to produce different DNA rearrangements within the pneumococcal chromosome. This study provides a complete dataset that can be used to further analyze pneumococcal prophages, their evolutionary relationships, and their role in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Martín-Galiano
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Ernesto García
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Vázquez R, Caro-León FJ, Nakal A, Ruiz S, Doñoro C, García-Fernández L, Vázquez-Lasa B, San Román J, Sanz J, García P, Aguilar MR. DEAE-chitosan nanoparticles as a pneumococcus-biomimetic material for the development of antipneumococcal therapeutics. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118605. [PMID: 34561005 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Advanced biomaterials provide an interesting and versatile platform to implement new and more effective strategies to fight bacterial infections. Chitosan is one of these biopolymers and possesses relevant features for biomedical applications. Here we synthesized nanoparticles of chitosan derivatized with diethylaminoethyl groups (ChiDENPs) to emulate the choline residues in the pneumococcal cell wall and act as ligands for choline-binding proteins (CBPs). Firstly, we assessed the ability of diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) to sequester the CBPs present in the bacterial surface, thus promoting chain formation. Secondly, the CBP-binding ability of ChiDENPs was purposed to encapsulate a bio-active molecule, the antimicrobial enzyme Cpl-711 (ChiDENPs-711), with improved stability over non-derivatized chitosan. The enzyme-loaded system released more than 90% of the active enzybiotic in ≈ 2 h, above the usual in vivo half-life of this kind of enzymes. Therefore, ChiDENPs provide a promising platform for the controlled release of CBP-enzybiotics in biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Vázquez
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Caro-León
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Biopolymers Research Group, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, Mexico.
| | - Alberto Nakal
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Susana Ruiz
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Doñoro
- Animal Cell Culture Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Blanca Vázquez-Lasa
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales, y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy (SUSPLAST), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio San Román
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Sanz
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pedro García
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Rosa Aguilar
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales, y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy (SUSPLAST), Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Age-Dependent Serotype-Associated Case-Fatality Rate in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in the Autonomous Community of Madrid between 2007 and 2020. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112286. [PMID: 34835413 PMCID: PMC8625439 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the serotype-associated fatality rate in cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the Spanish region of Madrid between 2007 and 2020. Serotyping was performed by Pneumotest Latex and the Quellung reaction using commercial antisera. Case-fatality rate was estimated as the ratio between the number of deaths at hospital discharge and the number of cases attributable to each serotype. To evaluate the association measures, the odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were calculated. Twenty five pneumococcal serotypes were associated to mortality and comprised 87.8% of the total number of isolates characterized. Serotypes 8, 3, 19A, 1, 7F, 22F, 12F, and 11A were the most prevalent (≥3% each). Serotypes 31, 11A, and 19F were significantly associated to high case-fatality rates (>20% each). The lower significantly associated case-fatality rate (<10% each) was found in serotypes 5, 1, 12B, 7F, 12F, 8, 33, and 10A. The serotypes with higher mortality levels (≥0.04 per 100,000 population) were 11A (fatality 24.0%), 3 (fatality 18.7%), 19A (fatality 12.5%), and 8 (fatality 7.2%). Serotype 3 was worrisome because it is associated with important fatality levels combined with very high incidence and mortality rates. Serotype 11A also showed a high fatality with marked incidence and mortality levels. Some few frequent serotypes as 31, 19F, and 15A despite its high fatality had low levels of mortality. By contrast other serotypes as 8 showing low fatality had high mortality ranges because it shows a wide extended distribution. Finally, common serotypes, such as 1 and 5, presented small mortality length, due to their low case-fatality rates.
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17
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Du QQ, Shi W, Yu D, Yao KH. Epidemiology of non-vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae before and after universal administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5628-5637. [PMID: 34726580 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1985353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The universal administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) had been demonstrated as an effective way to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. However, the immunity induced by PCVs protected against the infections caused by vaccine serotypes, which were usually more frequent than non-vaccine serotypes (NVTs). The prevalence and pathogenicity of NVTs after universal vaccination have caused widespread concern. We reviewed the epidemiology of non-PCV13 S. pneumoniae before and after PCV13 introduction, and explored the potential reasons for the spread of NVTs. Emerging and spreading NVTs can be regarded as the focus for future serotype epidemiological survey and vaccine optimization.AbbreviationsIPD: invasive pneumococcal disease PCV: pneumococcal conjugate vaccines VT: vaccine serotypeNVT: non-vaccine serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Du
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Hu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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18
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Noble K, Lu J, Guevara MA, Doster RS, Chambers SA, Rogers LM, Moore RE, Spicer SK, Eastman AJ, Francis JD, Manning SD, Rajagopal L, Aronoff DM, Townsend SD, Gaddy JA. Group B Streptococcus cpsE Is Required for Serotype V Capsule Production and Aids in Biofilm Formation and Ascending Infection of the Reproductive Tract during Pregnancy. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2686-2696. [PMID: 34076405 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an encapsulated Gram-positive pathogen that causes ascending infections of the reproductive tract during pregnancy. The capsule of this organism is a critical virulence factor that has been implicated in a variety of cellular processes to promote pathogenesis. Primarily comprised of carbohydrates, the GBS capsule and its synthesis is driven by the capsule polysaccharide synthesis (cps) operon. The cpsE gene within this operon encodes a putative glycosyltransferase that is responsible for the transfer of a Glc-1-P from UDP-Glc to an undecaprenyl lipid molecule. We hypothesized that the cpsE gene product is important for GBS virulence and ascending infection during pregnancy. Our work demonstrates that a GBS cpsE mutant secretes fewer carbohydrates, has a reduced capsule, and forms less biofilm than the wild-type parental strain. We show that, compared to the parental strain, the ΔcpsE deletion mutant is more readily taken up by human placental macrophages and has a significantly attenuated ability to invade and proliferate in the mouse reproductive tract. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the cpsE gene product is an important virulence factor that aids in GBS colonization and invasion of the gravid reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Noble
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Jacky Lu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Miriam A. Guevara
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Ryan S. Doster
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Schuyler A. Chambers
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Lisa M. Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Sabrina K. Spicer
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Alison J. Eastman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Jamisha D. Francis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Shannon D. Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - David M. Aronoff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Steven D. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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19
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Pediatric Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Three Years after PCV13 Introduction in the National Immunization Plan-The Continued Importance of Serotype 3. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071428. [PMID: 34361864 PMCID: PMC8304318 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines PCV7 and PCV13 led to decreases in incidence of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease (pIPD) and changes in serotype distribution. We evaluated the consequences of higher vaccine uptake after the introduction of PCV13 in the National Immunization Plan (NIP) in 2015. Besides culture and conventional serotyping, the use of molecular methods to detect and serotype pneumococci in both pleural and cerebrospinal fluid samples contributed to 30% of all pIPD (n = 232) in 2015–2018. The most frequently detected serotypes were: 3 (n = 59, 26%), 10A (n = 17, 8%), 8 (n = 16, 7%) and 19A (n = 10, 4%). PCV13 serotypes still accounted for 46% of pIPD cases. Serotypes not included in any currently available conjugate vaccine (NVT) are becoming important causes of pIPD, with the increases in serotypes 8 and 33F being of particular concern given the importance of serotype 8 in adult IPD and the antimicrobial resistance of serotype 33F isolates. This study highlights the importance of using molecular methods in pIPD surveillance since these allowed a better case ascertainment and the identification of serotype 3 as the leading cause of pIPD. Even in a situation of vaccine uptake >95% for 3 years, PCV13 serotypes remain important causes of pIPD.
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Golden AR, Fear T, Baxter M, Adam HJ, Martin I, Demczuk W, Karlowsky JA, Zhanel GG. Invasive pneumococcal disease caused by serotypes 22F and 33F in Canada: the SAVE study 2011-2018. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 101:115447. [PMID: 34192638 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 15-valent conjugate vaccine that provides protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 22F and 33F is in development. Here we report on the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and clonal structure of these serotypes in Canada. From 2011 to 2018, the SAVE study collected 11,044 invasive S. pneumoniae isolates. Of these, 9.3% (1024/11,044) and 3.8% (416/11,044) were 22F and 33F, respectively. Serotype 22F isolates were susceptible to most antimicrobials tested except clarithromycin, where susceptibility significantly decreased over time (2011: 80.4%, 2018: 52.9%, P < 0.0001). Only 1.6% of serotype 22F isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), while 96% of typed strains were clonal cluster (CC) 433. Serotype 33F isolates demonstrated low susceptibility to clarithromycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (22.4% and 24.6%, respectively) and 4.8% MDR. Most serotype 33F isolates were CC100, CC673 and CC717. CC100 prevalence increased significantly over time (2011: 50.0%, 2018: 84.8%, P < 0.006). Continued surveillance of these serotypes is crucial to identify further changes in prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and clonal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R Golden
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Thomas Fear
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Melanie Baxter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Heather J Adam
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences Centre, Diagnostic Services - Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Irene Martin
- National Microbiology Laboratory - Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Walter Demczuk
- National Microbiology Laboratory - Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - James A Karlowsky
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences Centre, Diagnostic Services - Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - George G Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Amin-Chowdhury Z, Groves N, Sheppard CL, Litt D, Fry NK, Andrews N, Ladhani SN. Invasive pneumococcal disease due to 22F and 33F in England: A tail of two serotypes. Vaccine 2021; 39:1997-2004. [PMID: 33715901 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15) aims to protect against serotype 22F and 33F in addition to the serotypes within the 13-valent PCV (PCV13) which was introduced to the UK childhood immunisation programme in April 2010. Little is known about the specific epidemiology, clinical features or outcomes of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) due to these two serotypes. METHODS Public Health England (PHE) conducts enhanced IPD surveillance in England. Hospital laboratories routinely submit invasive pneumococcal isolates to PHE for serotyping and enhanced clinical information is collected through questionnaires sent to general practitioners. IPD due to serotypes 22F and 33F diagnosed during 2014/15-2018/19 were compared with IPD due to PCV13 serotypes and remaining serotypes. RESULTS In total, 25,415 isolates (93.4%) were serotyped and questionnaires were completed for 22,097 (86.9%) cases. Serotype 22F was responsible for 1,788 (7.0%) and serotype 33F for 893 (3.5%) cases compared to 19.9% (n = 5,047) for PCV13 and 69.6% (n = 17,687) for the remaining serotypes. IPD incidence increased for both serotypes since 2005/06, especially in older adults, but plateaued after PCV13 introduction. Comorbidity prevalence was 68.7% (n = 1,037) for serotype 22F and 67.2% (n = 505) for serotype 33F, with invasive pneumonia being the most common clinical presentation 1,067/1,482; 72.0%, and 514/755; 68.1%, respectively. There were 3,617 deaths within 30 days of disease onset, including 236 (CFR, 15.4%) among 22F, 128 (CFR, 16.5%) among 33F and 21.3% (925/4,350) among PCV13-type IPD cases. When compared with PCV13-type IPD, serotype 22F (aOR 0.58, 95%CI 0.49-0.68, p < 0.001) and 33F (aOR 0.73, 95%CI 0.59-0.91, p = 0.004) were independently associated with lower odds of death. The major circulating sequence types (STs) in 22F (ST 433, ST698) and 33F (ST717, ST100, ST673) were not associated with an increased risk of death compared to the other STs. CONCLUSIONS Serotype 22F and 33F-type IPD are associated with a lower risk of death compared to PCV13-type, with those presenting with septicaemia more likely to have a fatal outcome compared to pneumonia. PCV15 has the potential to prevent up to an additional 10% of IPD cases in England.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahin Amin-Chowdhury
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
| | - Natalie Groves
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Carmen L Sheppard
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - David Litt
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Norman K Fry
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK; Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Nick Andrews
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK; Statistics, Modelling and Economics Department, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Shamez N Ladhani
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK; Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
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22
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Vaccination with LytA, LytC, or Pce of Streptococcus pneumoniae Protects against Sepsis by Inducing IgGs That Activate the Complement System. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020186. [PMID: 33672306 PMCID: PMC7926378 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of non-vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae after the use of vaccines based in capsular polysaccharides demonstrates the need of a broader protection vaccine based in protein antigens and widely conserved. In this study, we characterized three important virulence factors of S. pneumoniae namely LytA, LytC, and Pce as vaccine candidates. These proteins are choline-binding proteins that belong to the cell wall hydrolases’ family. Immunization of mice with LytA, LytC, or Pce induced high titers of immunoglobulins G (IgGs) of different subclasses, with IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b as the predominant immunoglobulins raised. These antibodies activated the classical pathway of the complement system by increasing the recognition of C1q on the surface of pneumococcal strains of different serotypes. Consequently, the key complement component C3 recognized more efficiently these strains in the presence of specific antibodies elicited by these proteins, activating, therefore, the phagocytosis. Finally, a mouse sepsis model of infection was established, confirming that vaccination with these proteins controlled bacterial replication in the bloodstream, increasing the survival rate. Overall, these results demonstrate that LytA, LytC, and Pce can be protein antigens to be contained in a future universal vaccine against S. pneumoniae.
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23
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Pneumococcal Choline-Binding Proteins Involved in Virulence as Vaccine Candidates. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020181. [PMID: 33672701 PMCID: PMC7924319 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogen responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Currently, the available vaccines for the prevention of S. pneumoniae infections are the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-based vaccine (PPV-23) and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV10 and PCV13). These vaccines only cover some pneumococcal serotypes (up to 100 different serotypes have been identified) and are unable to protect against non-vaccine serotypes and non-encapsulated pneumococci. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant non-vaccine serotypes after these vaccines is an increasing threat. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new pneumococcal vaccines which could cover a wide range of serotypes. One of the vaccines most characterized as a prophylactic alternative to current PPV-23 or PCVs is a vaccine based on pneumococcal protein antigens. The choline-binding proteins (CBP) are found in all pneumococcal strains, giving them the characteristic to be potential vaccine candidates as they may protect against different serotypes. In this review, we have focused the attention on different CBPs as vaccine candidates because they are involved in the pathogenesis process, confirming their immunogenicity and protection against pneumococcal infection. The review summarizes the major contribution of these proteins to virulence and reinforces the fact that antibodies elicited against many of them may block or interfere with their role in the infection process.
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24
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de Sá MCA, da Silva WM, Rodrigues CCS, Rezende CP, Marchioro SB, Rocha Filho JTR, Sousa TDJ, de Oliveira HP, da Costa MM, Figueiredo HCP, Portela RD, Castro TLDP, Azevedo V, Seyffert N, Meyer R. Comparative Proteomic Analyses Between Biofilm-Forming and Non-biofilm-Forming Strains of Co rynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Isolated From Goats. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:614011. [PMID: 33665217 PMCID: PMC7921313 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.614011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic disease that affects small ruminants and causes economic losses in the associated breeding system. The causative agent of CLA is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a Gram-positive bacterium that exhibits tropism for external and internal lymph nodes and induces abscess formation in the host. Bacterial communities often produce a biofilm matrix that serves various functions, including protection against hostile environmental conditions, antibiotics, and the host immune response. Although biofilm formation has been reported for C. pseudotuberculosis, not all strains demonstrate this property in culture. In this work, we report the first comparative proteomic analysis of one biofilm-forming (CAPJ4) and one biofilm-non-forming strain (CAP3W) of C. pseudotuberculosis isolated from goats. Bacterial whole cell protein extracts were obtained for mass spectrometry analyses. Using LC-MS/MS, our studies reveal three and four proteins exclusively found in the CAPJ4 and CAP3W proteome, respectively. In addition, label-free quantitative analysis identified 40 proteins showing at-least 2-fold higher values in CAPJ4 compared CAP3W proteome Notably, CAPJ4 differentially synthesized the penicillin-binding protein, which participates in the formation of peptidoglycans. CAPJ4 also exhibited upregulation of N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase and galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, which are involved in biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Here, we demonstrate that biofilm formation in C. pseudotuberculosis is likely associated with specific proteins, some of which were previously shown to be associated with virulence and biofilm formation in other organisms. Our findings may drive studies related to the bacterial mechanisms involved in the biofilm formation, in addition to providing targets for the treatment of CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanderson Marques da Silva
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biologia Molecular Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuária/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IABIMO-INTA/CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - Thiago de Jesus Sousa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vasco Azevedo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nubia Seyffert
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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25
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D'Mello A, Riegler AN, Martínez E, Beno SM, Ricketts TD, Foxman EF, Orihuela CJ, Tettelin H. An in vivo atlas of host-pathogen transcriptomes during Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization and disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:33507-33518. [PMID: 33318198 PMCID: PMC7777036 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010428117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) colonizes the nasopharynx and can cause pneumonia. From the lungs it spreads to the bloodstream and causes organ damage. We characterized the in vivo Spn and mouse transcriptomes within the nasopharynx, lungs, blood, heart, and kidneys using three Spn strains. We identified Spn genes highly expressed at all anatomical sites and in an organ-specific manner; highly expressed genes were shown to have vital roles with knockout mutants. The in vivo bacterial transcriptome during colonization/disease was distinct from previously reported in vitro transcriptomes. Distinct Spn and host gene-expression profiles were observed during colonization and disease states, revealing specific genes/operons whereby Spn adapts to and influences host sites in vivo. We identified and experimentally verified host-defense pathways induced by Spn during invasive disease, including proinflammatory responses and the interferon response. These results shed light on the pathogenesis of Spn and identify therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis D'Mello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ashleigh N Riegler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Eriel Martínez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Sarah M Beno
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Tiffany D Ricketts
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Ellen F Foxman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Carlos J Orihuela
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201;
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26
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Schmit T, Kuntz M, Patel D, Nadeem Khan M. Anti-capsular immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 22F prevents bacterial transmission in murine colonization and influenza virus co-infection models. Vaccine 2020; 39:469-472. [PMID: 33349459 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of anti-22F serotype immunity in the prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) bacterial transmission during colonization and influenza virus co-infection. Mice were immunized with 22F formulation and later colonized with Spn or co-infected with Spn and influenza virus. The 22F antisera exhibited strong reactivity to 22F bacteria and promoted the opsonic uptake of Spn by the neutrophils. The 22F vaccination led to a significant reduction of bacterial densities in the nasopharynx and prevented bacterial transmission during colonization and co-infection. The transfer of 22F antisera to infant mice resulted in reduced bacterial transmission in colonization and co-infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Schmit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Mikale Kuntz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Devarshi Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - M Nadeem Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
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de Miguel S, Domenech M, González-Camacho F, Sempere J, Vicioso D, Sanz JC, Comas LG, Ardanuy C, Fenoll A, Yuste J. Nationwide Trends of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Spain From 2009 Through 2019 in Children and Adults During the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 73:e3778-e3787. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has reduced the disease caused by vaccine serotypes in children, providing herd protection to adults. However, the emergence of nonvaccine serotypes is of great concern worldwide.
Methods
This study includes national laboratory data from invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases that affected pediatric and adult populations during 2009–2019. The impact of implementing different vaccine strategies for immunocompetent adults by comparing Spanish regions that used the 13-valent PCV (PCV13) vs regions that used the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) was also analyzed for 2017−2019.
Results
The overall reductions in IPD cases by PCV13 serotypes in children and adults were 88% and 59%, respectively, during 2009–2019, with a constant increase in serotype 8 in adults since 2015. IPD cases by additional serotypes covered by PPV23 increased from 20% in 2009 to 52% in 2019. In children, serotype 24F was the most frequent in 2019, whereas serotypes 3 and 8 accounted for 36% of IPD cases in adults. Introduction of PCV13 or PPV23 in the adult calendar of certain Spanish regions reduced the IPD cases by PCV13 serotypes by up to 25% and 11%, respectively, showing a decrease of serotype 3 when PCV13 was used.
Conclusions
Use of PCV13 in children has affected the epidemiology, reducing the burden of IPD in children but also in adults by herd protection; however, the increase in serotype 8 in adults is worrisome. Vaccination with PCV13 in adults seems to control IPD cases by PCV13 serotypes including serotype 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara de Miguel
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology Department, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mirian Domenech
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Camacho
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Sempere
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Vicioso
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Sanz
- Laboratorio Regional de Salud Pública, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García Comas
- Epidemiology Department, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Fenoll
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Yuste
- Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Beheshti M, Jabalameli F, Feizabadi MM, Hahsemi FB, Beigverdi R, Emaneini M. Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:167. [PMID: 32546124 PMCID: PMC7298763 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae causes serious infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular characteristic, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive S. pneumoniae in Tehran, Iran. Results Of the 44 pneumococcal invasive isolates, 39 (89%) were isolated from children and 5 (11%) from adults. The results show that all pneumococcal isolates were susceptible to linezolid but had varying resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (86%), erythromycin (73%), tetracycline (66%), clindamycin (43%), penicillin (16%), chloramphenicol (14%) and levofloxacin (2%). The range of erythromycin, tetracycline and penicillin MICs were 2 - ≥ 256 μg/mL, 4 - ≥ 48 μg/mL, and 0.047 - ≥ 256 respectively. All of the penicillin resistant isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and in addition to penicillin were resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The most common capsular types detected in 64% of the pneumococcal isolates was 6A/B, 19A, 15A, 23F. The multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 10 pneumococcal isolates revealed 9 different sequence types (STs), including ST 15139 (capsular type 19A) and ST 15140 (capsular type 23F), which have not previously been reported. Conclusions The study revealed that the S. pneumoniae isolates belonged to diverse capsular types and clones with high rate of resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, and penicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Beheshti
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 7, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 7, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 7, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Farhad Bonakdar Hahsemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 7, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Reza Beigverdi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 7, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emaneini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Building No. 7, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran.
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