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Wang X, Zhao P, Zhang C, Li C, Ma Y, Huang S. Effects of supplemental Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2362640. [PMID: 38860902 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2362640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of supplemental Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GCP) on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets. Ninety piglets weaned at 28 days of age were randomly allocated to three groups with five replicates per treatment. Piglets were fed the following diets for 28 days: (1) CON (control group), basal diet; (2) G500, CON + 500 mg/kg GCP; (3) G1000, CON + 1000 mg/kg GCP. The results showed that supplementation with 1000 mg/kg GCP increased the average daily gain (ADG) and decreased the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) (P < 0.05). Serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid (DL-A) levels were lower in the G1000 group (P < 0.05). Dietary GCP 1000 mg/kg improved mucosal trypsin activity in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum and increased lipase and amylase activity in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Moreover, in the G1000 group, ZO-1, claudin 1 and occludin levels were increased in the jejunum mucosa, whereas interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 levels were decreased (P < 0.05). The 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that dietary 1000 mg/kg GCP altered the jejunal microbial community, with increased relative abundances of beneficial bacteria. In conclusion, dietary GCP 1000 mg/kg can improve growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal immunity, barrier function and microbial community in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Pengli Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Chenxu Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Yanbo Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Shucheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Liu X, Zhang F, Li M, Li R, Zhang Z, Xu J, Wen L, Li R. Supplementation of Ampelopsis grossedentata extract contributes to the improvement of intestinal health in swine. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1417309. [PMID: 39234174 PMCID: PMC11373254 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1417309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ampelopsis grossedentata (vine tea), a high polyphenol content antioxidant plant resource, is renowned for its medicinal benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ampelopsis grossedentata extract (AGE) on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant ability, enhancement of intestinal immunity, improvement of intestinal structure, and regulation of gut microbiota in swine. Methods A total of 135 weaned piglets were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a low-dose group, and a high-dose group. Pigs were weighed and blood was collected on days 36, 85, and 154. The feed intake was recorded daily to calculate growth performance parameters. On day 154, five to six pigs in each group were randomly selected and euthanized to obtain a small intestine to investigate the effects of AGE on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities and gut microbiota. Results The results showed that 500 mg/kg AGE increased the expression of anti-inflammatory and immune cytokines (IL-10, IgG, and IgA) (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) and decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β) (p < 0.05) in serum. Additionally, 500 mg/kg AGE enhanced the antioxidant capacity by increasing the GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Discussion A total of 500 mg/kg AGE significantly increased the abundance of gut microbiota, enhanced the gut barrier, and modulated gut immunity. During the piglet phase, 500 mg/kg AGE increased the relative abundance of Prevotella (p < 0.05). During the growing-finishing phase, 500 mg/kg AGE increased the relative abundance of unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroides (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Overall, we recommended 500 mg/kg AGE as a routine addition dose for swine to improve porcine growth performance and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fusheng Zhang
- Changsha Lvye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lixin Wen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Rongfang Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Changsha Lvye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
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Tang X, Zhang L, Wang L, Ren S, Zhang J, Ma Y, Xu F, Wu G, Zhang Y. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Dietary Fiber's Impact on Growth, Slaughter Performance, and Gut Microbiome in Durco × Bamei Crossbred Pig. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1674. [PMID: 39203515 PMCID: PMC11357262 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) is an important nutrient component in pig's diet that remarkably influences their growth and slaughter performance. The ability of pigs to digest DF depends on the microbial composition of the intestinal tract, particularly in the hindgut. However, studies on how DF alters the growth and slaughter performance of pigs by shaping the gut microbial composition and metabolites are still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of DF on microbial composition, functions, and metabolites, ultimately altering host growth and slaughter performance using Durco × Bamei crossbred pigs supplemented with 0%, 10%, 17%, and 24% broad bean silage in the basic diet. We found that the final weight, average daily gain, fat, and lean meat weight significantly decreased with increasing DF. Pigs with the lowest slaughter rate and fat weight were observed in the 24% fiber-supplemented group. Gut microbial communities with the highest alpha diversity were formed in the 17% fiber group. The relative abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria, bile acid, and succinate-producing bacteria, including Prevotella sp., Bacteroides sp., Ruminococcus sp., and Parabacteroides sp., and functional pathways, including the butanoate metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle, significantly increased in the high-fiber groups. The concentrations of several bile acids significantly decreased in the fiber-supplemented groups, whereas the concentrations of succinate and long-chain fatty acids increased. Our results indicate that a high-fiber diet may alter the growth and slaughter performance of Durco × Bamei crossbred pigs by modulating the composition of Prevotella sp., Bacteroides sp., Ruminococcus sp., Parabacteroides sp., and metabolite pathways of bile acids and succinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
| | - Liangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Shien Ren
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Fafang Xu
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Guofang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
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Zhang Y, Li H, Li B, He J, Peng C, Xie Y, Huang G, Zhao P, Wang Z. The Adaptive Alternation of Intestinal Microbiota and Regulation of Host Genes Jointly Promote Pigs to Digest Appropriate High-Fiber Diets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2076. [PMID: 39061538 PMCID: PMC11274041 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although studies have revealed the significant impact of dietary fiber on growth performance and nutrient digestibility, the specific characteristics of the intestinal microbiota and gene regulation in pigs capable of digesting high-fiber diets remained unclear. To investigate the traits associated with roughage tolerance in the Chinese indigenous pig breed, we conducted comparative analysis of growth performance, apparent fiber digestibility, intestinal microbiota, SCFA concentrations and intestinal transcriptome in Tunchang pigs, feeding them diets with different wheat bran levels. The results indicated that the growth performance of Tunchang pigs was not significantly impacted, and the apparent total tract digestibility of crude fiber was significantly improved with increasing dietary fiber content. High-fiber diets altered the diversity of intestinal microbiota, and increased the relative abundance of Prevotella, CF231, as well as the concentrations of isobutyrate, valerate and isovalerate. The LDA analysis identified potential microbial biomarkers that could be associated with roughage tolerance, such as Prevotella stercorea, and Eubacterium biforme. In addition, appropriate high-fiber diets containing 4.34% crude fiber upregulated the mRNA expressions of PYY, AQP8, and SLC5A8, while downregulating the mRNA expressions of CKM and CNN1.This indicated that appropriate high-fiber diets may inhibit intestine motility and increase the absorption of water and SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Zhang
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.X.); (G.H.); (P.Z.)
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hui Li
- Long Jian Animal Husbandry Company, Haikou 570100, China; (H.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Bengao Li
- Long Jian Animal Husbandry Company, Haikou 570100, China; (H.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Jiayi He
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.X.); (G.H.); (P.Z.)
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.X.); (G.H.); (P.Z.)
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yanshe Xie
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.X.); (G.H.); (P.Z.)
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Guiqing Huang
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.X.); (G.H.); (P.Z.)
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Pengju Zhao
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.X.); (G.H.); (P.Z.)
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.X.); (G.H.); (P.Z.)
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Xu G, Huang J, Chen W, Zhao A, Pan J, Yu F. The Influence of Increasing Roughage Content in the Diet on the Growth Performance and Intestinal Flora of Jinwu and Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1913. [PMID: 38998025 PMCID: PMC11240776 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Jinwu pig (JW) is a hybrid breed originating from the Chinese indigenous Jinhua pig and Duroc pig, boasting excellent meat quality and fast growth rates. This study aimed to verify the tolerance of JW to roughage, similar to most Chinese indigenous pigs. In this research, two types of feed were provided to JW and Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs (DLY): a basal diet and a roughage diet (increasing the rice bran and wheat bran content in the basal diet from 23% to 40%) for a 65-day experimental period. The roughage diet showed an increasing trend in the feed conversion ratio (F/G), with a 17.61% increase in feed consumption per unit weight gain for DLY, while the increase for JW was only 4.26%. A 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that the roughage diet increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Clostridium, while reducing the relative abundance of some potential pathogens, thus improving the gut microbiota environment. After being fed with the roughage diet, the abundance of bacterial genera, such as Treponema, Terrisporobacter, Coprococcus, and Ruminococcaceae, which aid in the digestion and utilization of dietary fiber, were significantly higher in Jinwu compared to DLY, indicating that these bacterial genera confer Jinwu with a higher tolerance to roughage than DLY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaili Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wu Su Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wenduo Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wu Su Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ayong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wu Su Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jianzhi Pan
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fuxian Yu
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Belloumi D, García-Rebollar P, Calvet S, Francino MP, Reyes-Prieto M, González-Garrido J, Piquer L, Jiménez-Belenguer AI, Bermejo A, Cano C, Cerisuelo A. Impact of including two types of destoned olive cakes in pigs' diets on fecal bacterial composition and study of the relationship between fecal microbiota, feed efficiency, gut fermentation, and gaseous emissions. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1359670. [PMID: 38946909 PMCID: PMC11211982 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1359670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbial population in the pig's gastrointestinal tract can be influenced by incorporating fibrous by-products into the diets. This study investigated the impact of including two types of dried olive cake (OC) in pigs' diets on fecal bacterial composition. The correlation between fecal microbiota and growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut fermentation pattern and slurry gas emissions was also evaluated. Thirty male Pietrain x (Landrace x Large white) pigs (47.9 ± 4.21 kg) were assigned to three groups: a control group (C), a group fed a diet with 20% partially defatted OC (20PDOC), and a group fed a diet with 20% cyclone OC (20COC) for 21 days. Fecal samples collected before and after providing the experimental diets were analyzed for the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Pigs were weighed, and feed intake was recorded throughout the study. Potential ammonia and methane emissions from slurry were measured. No significant differences in alpha diversity indexes were found. The taxonomic analysis revealed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidota phyla were dominant at the phylum level across all groups. Differential abundance analysis using ALDEx showed significant differences among groups for various bacteria at the phylum, genus, and species levels at the end of the experiment. Pigs from 20PDOC and 20COC groups exhibited increased abundances of health-promoting bacteria, such as Plactomycetota at the phylum level and Allisonella and an unidentified genus from the Eggerthellaceae family at the genus level. These changes influenced short-chain fatty acids' (SCFA) concentration in slurries, leading to greater acetic, butyric, caproic and heptanoic acids in OC-fed groups, especially 20COC pigs. A volatility analysis revealed significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) between Uncultured_Bacteroidales and Unculured_Selenomonadaceae and energy digestibility. Monoglobus and Desulfovibrio showed a positive significant (p < 0.05) correlation with total SCFA, indicating a high impact on gut fermentation. However, growth performance parameters and potential gas emission displayed no significant correlations with a specific bacterial genus. In conclusion, our results suggest that OC inclusion into pig diets could positively modulate and contribute to the gut microbiota's favorable composition and functionality. Also, nutrient digestibility and gut fermentation patterns can be associated with specific microbial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhekra Belloumi
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Segorbe, Spain
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma García-Rebollar
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Calvet
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Pilar Francino
- FISABIO-Public Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana Reyes-Prieto
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge González-Garrido
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laia Piquer
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Segorbe, Spain
| | | | - Almudena Bermejo
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Spain
| | - Carmen Cano
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Segorbe, Spain
| | - Alba Cerisuelo
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Segorbe, Spain
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Xue P, Xue M, Luo Y, Tang Q, Wang F, Sun R, Song Y, Chao Z, Fang M. Colonic Microbiota Improves Fiber Digestion Ability and Enhances Absorption of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Local Pigs of Hainan. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1033. [PMID: 38930415 PMCID: PMC11205767 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared to commercial breeds, Chinese local pig breeds have a greater ability to digest dietary fiber, which may be due to differences in intestinal microbiota. In this study, we fed Ding'an and DLY pigs high and low levels of dietary fiber, respectively, to investigate factors contributing to high dietary fiber adaption in Ding'an pigs. Twelve Ding'an pigs and DLY pigs were randomly divided into a 2 (diet) × 2 (breed) factorial experiment (n = 3). Compared with commercial pigs, Ding'an pigs have a stronger ability to digest dietary fiber. Prevotella was more prevalent in Ding'an pigs than in DLY pigs, which may be an important reason for the stronger ability of fiber degradation in Ding'an pigs. When the effects of feed and breed factors are considered, differences in abundance of 31 species and 14 species, respectively, may result in a greater ability of fiber degradation in Ding'an pigs. Among them, Prevotella. sp. CAG:520 may be a newly discovered bacterium related to fiber degradation, which positively correlated with many fiber-degrading bacteria (r > 0.7). We also found that the concentration of plant metabolites with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects was higher in the colonic chyme of Ding'an pigs after increasing the fiber content, which resulted in the downregulated expression of inflammatory factors in colonic mucosa. Spearman's correlation coefficient revealed a strong correlation between microbiota and the apparent digestibility of dietary fiber (r > 0.7). The mRNA expressions of SLC16A1, PYY, and GCG were significantly increased in the colonic mucosa of Ding'an pigs fed on high-fiber diets, which indicates that Ding'an pigs have an enhanced absorption of SCFAs. Our results suggested that an appropriate increase in dietary fiber content can reduce the inflammatory response and improve feed efficiency in Ding'an pigs, and differences in the intestinal microbial composition may be an important reason for the difference in the fiber degradation capacity between the two breeds of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Xue
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.X.); (M.X.); (Y.L.); (Q.T.)
| | - Mingming Xue
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.X.); (M.X.); (Y.L.); (Q.T.)
| | - Yabiao Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.X.); (M.X.); (Y.L.); (Q.T.)
| | - Qiguo Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.X.); (M.X.); (Y.L.); (Q.T.)
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China; (F.W.); (R.S.); (Z.C.)
| | - Ruiping Sun
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China; (F.W.); (R.S.); (Z.C.)
| | - Yanxia Song
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572024, China;
| | - Zhe Chao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China; (F.W.); (R.S.); (Z.C.)
| | - Meiying Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.X.); (M.X.); (Y.L.); (Q.T.)
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572024, China;
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8
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Wang L, Wang P, Yan Z, Zhang P, Yin X, Jia R, Li Y, Yang J, Gun S, Yang Q. Whole-plant silage maize to improve fiber digestive characteristics and intestinal microbiota of Hezuo pigs. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1360505. [PMID: 38725683 PMCID: PMC11079162 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1360505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Utilizing roughage resources is an effective approach to alleviate the shortage of corn-soybean feed and reducing the costs in the swine industry. Hezuo pig is one group of plateau type local Tibetan pig with strong tolerance to crude feeding. Nevertheless, current research on the roughage tolerance in Hezuo pigs and the microbiological mechanisms behind it is still minimally.This study explored the impact of various ratios of whole-plant silage (WPS) maize on the pH, cellulase activity, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and intestinal microbiota in Hezuo pigs. Methods Thirty-two Hezuo pigs were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8). The control group received a basal diet, while experimental groups I, II, and III were given diets with incremental additions of 5%, 10%, and 15% air-dried WPS maize, respectively, for 120 days. Results The findings revealed that compared with the control group, in Group II, the pH of cecum and colon were notably decreased (p < 0.05), while acid detergent fiberdigestibility, the concentration of propionic and isobutyric acid in the cecum, and the concentration of isobutyric acid in the colon were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Also, carboxymethyl cellulase activity in the cecum in group II of Hezuo pigs was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the cecum microbiota showed a higher diversity in the group II of Hezuo pigs than that in the control group, as shown by the Simpson and Shannon indices. Specifically, 15 and 24 bacterial species showed a significant difference in relative abundance at the family and genus levels, respectively. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between bacterial genera and SCFAs concentrations in the cecum. The abundance of Bacteroides and NK4A214_group was positively correlated with amounts of valeric and isovaleric acid but negatively with propionic acid (p < 0.05). The abundance of UCG-010 was positively linked with acetic acid and negatively correlated with butyric acid (p < 0.05). Actinobacillus abundance was positively associated with butyric acid levels (p < 0.05). Discussion In conclusion, a 10% WPS maize diet improved crude fiber digestibility by lowering cecal and colonic chyme pH, enhancing intestinal cellulase activity, improving SCFA production, and increasing intestinal microbiota diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengxia Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xitong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Diebu Juema Pig Science and Technology Backyard, Diebu, China
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, China
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9
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Li Z, Zhao Y, Wang H, Zhang W, Zhang C, Xie J, Ma X. High-fibre diets regulate antioxidative capacity and promote intestinal health by regulating bacterial microbiota in growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:357-365. [PMID: 37899710 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a high-fibre diet on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, intestinal health, and intestinal microbiota composition of growing pigs. Twelve healthy "Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire" castrates (49 ± 1.35 kg) were randomly divided into two groups with six replicates and one pig per replicate. The two diet treatments were fed the basal diet (CON) based on corn and soybean meal and high fibre diet (HF) respectively. The nutritional levels of the two treatments were the same. The experiment lasted 28 days. The results showed that the addition of 16% wheat bran fibre to the diet of growing pigs did not affect growth performance (p > 0.05). Compared with the CON, contents of isobutyric and butyric acid, GSH-PX and T-AOC in serum were increased in the HF. It decreased the gross energy digestibility and acetic acid content in feces of growing pigs (p < 0.05), the contents of GSH-PX and T-AOC in serum. It decreased the gross energy digestibility and acetic acid content in feces of growing pigs (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON, the Shannon, and Chao1 indexes of the HF were increased (p < 0.05). At the phylum level, the abundance of g_Lactobacillus increased in the HF (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that a total of 18 microbial genera were correlated with antioxidant capacity and volatile fatty acid levels (p < 0.05). In summary, this study showed that adding 16% wheat bran to the diet of growing pigs had no effect on growth performance but helped to improve the richness and stability of intestinal microbiota, promote posterior intestinal fermentation and increase serum antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Junyan Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaokang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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10
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Albuquerque A, Garrido N, Charneca R, Egas C, Martin L, Ramos A, Costa F, Marmelo C, Martins JM. Influence of Sex and a High-Fiber Diet on the Gut Microbiome of Alentejano Pigs Raised to Heavy Weights. Vet Sci 2023; 10:641. [PMID: 37999464 PMCID: PMC10675691 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of sex and a dietary transition on the gut microbiota of a local Portuguese pig breed. Three groups of male Alentejano pigs (n = 10 each) were raised between ~40 and 160 kg LW. Group C included pigs that were surgically castrated, while the I group included intact ones; both were fed with commercial diets. The third group, IExp, included intact pigs that were fed commercial diets until ~130 kg, then replaced by an experimental diet based on legumes and agro-industrial by-products between ~130 and 160 kg. Fecal samples were collected two weeks before slaughter. The total DNA was extracted and used for 16S metabarcoding on a MiSeq® System. The dietary transition from a commercial diet to the experimental diet substantially increased and shifted the diversity observed. Complex carbohydrate fermenting bacteria, such as Ruminococcus spp. and Sphaerochaeta spp., were significantly more abundant in IExp (q < 0.05). On the other hand, castrated pigs presented a significantly lower abundance of the potential probiotic, Roseburia spp. and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group (q < 0.01), bacteria commonly associated with better gut health and lower body fat composition. Understanding the role of gut microbiota is paramount to ensure a low skatole deposition and consumers' acceptance of pork products from non-castrated male pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Albuquerque
- ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba Dão, Portugal; (N.G.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Nicolás Garrido
- ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba Dão, Portugal; (N.G.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
- Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas, Departamento de Ciência Agrárias e Veterinárias, Edifício Quartel do Trem, Avenida 14 de Janeiro n° 21, 7350-092 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Rui Charneca
- ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba Dão, Portugal; (N.G.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
- MED & CHANGE, Departamento de Zootecnia, ECT–Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Conceição Egas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit, Biocant, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Luísa Martin
- ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba Dão, Portugal; (N.G.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnologias, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amélia Ramos
- ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba Dão, Portugal; (N.G.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnologias, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa Costa
- ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba Dão, Portugal; (N.G.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Carla Marmelo
- ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba Dão, Portugal; (N.G.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Martins
- ECO-PIG Consortium, Z.I. Catraia, Ap. 50, 3440-131 Santa Comba Dão, Portugal; (N.G.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
- MED & CHANGE, Departamento de Zootecnia, ECT–Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
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11
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Du T, Li P, Niu Q, Pu G, Wang B, Liu G, Li P, Niu P, Zhang Z, Wu C, Hou L, Hedemann MS, Zhao Q, Huang R. Effects of Varying Levels of Wheat Bran Dietary Fiber on Growth Performance, Fiber Digestibility and Gut Microbiota in Erhualian and Large White Pigs. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2474. [PMID: 37894132 PMCID: PMC10609096 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the tolerance of a high-fiber diet in Erhualian pigs (Er-HL), the present investigation systematically investigated the ramifications of varying wheat bran fiber levels, specified as total dietary fiber (TDF) values of 14.07%, 16.32%, 17.99%, and 18.85%, on growth performance, fiber digestibility and gut microbiota in Er-HL, large Large White pigs (L-LW, the same physiological stage as the Er-HL) and small Large White pigs (S-LW, the same body weight as the Er-HL). Our results revealed that fiber levels exerted no discernable impact on growth performance (average daily feed intake (ADFI), and average daily gain (ADG)) of Er-HL (p > 0.05). Conversely, L-LW exhibited a decrease in ADFI and ADG with increasing fiber levels (p < 0.05). Notably, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of various fiber components, including neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, TDF and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), in Er-HL were significantly higher than those in S-LW and L-LW irrespective of diets (p < 0.05). The ATTD of cellulose and hemicellulose in Er-HL significantly decreased with increasing fiber levels (p < 0.05), yet remained statistically indifferent when comparing the 7%-wheat-bran-replaced diet (7% WRB, TDF 16.32%) to the basal diet (TDF 14.07%) (p > 0.05). The cecal microbiota of Er-HL had higher richness estimators (Chao1 and ACE) than those of S-LW and L-LW irrespective of diets (p < 0.01). Breed serves as a pivotal determinant in shaping swine gut microbiota. Thirteen genera were selected as the key bacteria related to high fiber digestibility of Er-HL. Further functional examination of these key genera elucidated an enrichment of pathways pertinent to carbohydrate metabolism in Er-HL samples compared with S-LW and L-LW samples. In summary, Er-HL exhibited high-fiber tolerance both in terms of growth performance and fiber digestibility compared with Large White pigs. Specifically, the ATTD of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, IDF and TDF were significantly higher in Er-HL compared with L-LW and S-LW, irrespective of diets. Fiber level exerted no discernable impact on growth performance (ADFI, ADG) and the ATTD of fiber (NDF, ADF, IDF and TDF) in Er-HL. The optimum fiber level of the Er-HL was identified as 7% WRB (TDF 16.32%). Thirteen genera were ascertained to significantly contribute to high fiber digestibility of Er-HL, correlating with an enhancement of carbohydrate metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoran Du
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Pinghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Qing Niu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Guang Pu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Binbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Gensheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Pinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Peipei Niu
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Zongping Zhang
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Chengwu Wu
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Liming Hou
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | | | - Qingbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
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12
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Zhang W, Jia T, Zhang H, Zhu W. Effects of high-fiber food on gut microbiology and energy metabolism in Eothenomys miletus at different altitudes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1264109. [PMID: 37727288 PMCID: PMC10505965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microorganisms assist the host in digesting complex and difficultly decomposed foods; expand the host's dietary ecological niche. In order to investigate the effect of high-fiber food on intestinal microorganisms of Eothenomys miletus at different altitudes, exploring the regional differences of intestinal microorganisms and their roles in body mass regulation, we collected E. miletus from Dali (DL) and Xianggelila (XGLL), which were divided into control group, high-fiber group fed with high-fiber diet for 7 days, and refeeding group fed with standard diet for 14 days after high-fiber diet. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology combined with physiological methods, we analyzed the gut microbial diversity, abundance, community structure and related physiological indicators of each group, and explored the effects of high-fiber foods and regions on the diversity, structure of gut microorganisms and physiological indicators. The results showed that high-fiber food affected the food intake and metabolic rate of E. miletus, which also showed regional differences. The intestinal microorganisms of E. miletus obtained energy through the enrichment of fiber degrading bacteria under the condition of high-fiber food, while producing short-chain fatty acids, which participated in processes such as energy metabolism or immune regulation. Moreover, it also affected the colonization of intestinal microorganisms. High-fiber food promoted the enrichment of probiotics in the intestinal microbiota of E. miletus, but pathogenic bacteria also appeared. Therefore, the changes in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in E. miletus provided important guarantees for their adaptation to high fiber food environments in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Wanlong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy Ministry of Education, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for Biomass Energy and Environment Biotechnology, Kunming, China
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13
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Mahmud MR, Jian C, Uddin MK, Huhtinen M, Salonen A, Peltoniemi O, Venhoranta H, Oliviero C. Impact of Intestinal Microbiota on Growth Performance of Suckling and Weaned Piglets. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0374422. [PMID: 37022154 PMCID: PMC10269657 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03744-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-scale studies investigating the relationship between pigs' intestinal microbiota and growth performance have generated inconsistent results. We hypothesized that on farms under favorable environmental conditions (e.g., promoting sow nest-building behavior, high colostrum production, low incidence of diseases and minimal use of antimicrobials), the piglet gut microbiota may develop toward a population that promotes growth and reduces pathogenic bacteria. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we sampled and profiled the fecal microbiota from 170 individual piglets throughout suckling and postweaning periods (in total 670 samples) to track gut microbiota development and its potential association with growth. During the suckling period, the dominant genera were Lactobacillus and Bacteroides, the latter being gradually replaced by Clostridium sensu scricto 1 as piglets aged. The gut microbiota during the nursery stage, not the suckling period, predicted the average daily growth (ADG) of piglets. The relative abundances of SCFA-producing genera, in particular Faecalibacterium, Megasphaera, Mitsuokella, and Subdoligranulum, significantly correlated with high ADG of weaned piglets. In addition, the succession of the gut microbiota in high-ADG piglets occurred faster and stabilized sooner upon weaning, whereas the gut microbiota of low-ADG piglets continued to mature after weaning. Overall, our findings suggest that weaning is the major driver of gut microbiota variation in piglets with different levels of overall growth performance. This calls for further research to verify if promotion of specific gut microbiota, identified here at weaning transition, is beneficial for piglet growth. IMPORTANCE The relationship between pigs' intestinal microbiota and growth performance is of great importance for improving piglets' health and reducing antimicrobial use. We found that gut microbiota variation is significantly associated with growth during weaning and the early nursery period. Importantly, transitions toward a mature gut microbiota enriched with fiber-degrading bacteria mostly complete upon weaning in piglets with better growth. Postponing the weaning age may therefore favor the development of fiber degrading gut bacteria, conferring the necessary capacity to digest and harvest solid postweaning feed. The bacterial taxa associated with piglet growth identified herein hold potential to improve piglet growth and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rayhan Mahmud
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ching Jian
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Md Karim Uddin
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Peltoniemi
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Venhoranta
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudio Oliviero
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Fowler EC, Samuel RS, St-Pierre B. A Comparative Analysis of the Fecal Bacterial Communities of Light and Heavy Finishing Barrows Raised in a Commercial Swine Production Environment. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050738. [PMID: 37242408 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For commercial swine producers, the natural variation in body weight amongst pigs in a herd presents a challenge in meeting the standards of meat processors who incentivize target carcass weights by offering more favorable purchase prices. Body weight variation in a swine herd is evident as early as birth, and it is typically maintained throughout the entire production cycle. Amongst the various factors that can affect growth performance, the gut microbiome has emerged as an important factor that can affect efficiency, as it contributes to vital functions such as providing assimilable nutrients from feed ingredients that are inedible to the host, as well as resistance to infection by a pathogen. In this context, the objective of the study described in this report was to compare the fecal microbiomes of light and heavy barrows (castrated male finishing pigs) that were part of the same research herd that was raised under commercial conditions. Using high-throughput sequencing of amplicons generated from the V1-V3 regions of the 16S rRNA gene, two abundant candidate bacterial species identified as operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Ssd-1085 and Ssd-1144, were found to be in higher abundance in the light barrows group. Ssd-1085 was predicted to be a potential strain of Clostridium jeddahitimonense, a bacterial species capable of utilizing tagatose, a monosaccharide known to act as a prebiotic that can enhance the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms while inhibiting the growth of bacterial pathogens. OTU Ssd-1144 was identified as a candidate strain of C. beijerinckii, which would be expected to function as a starch utilizing symbiont in the swine gut. While it remains to be determined why putative strains of these beneficial bacterial species would be in higher abundance in lower weight pigs, their overall high levels in finishing pigs could be the result of including ingredients such as corn and soybean-based products in swine diets. Another contribution from this study was the determination that these two OTUs, along with five others that were also abundant in the fecal bacterial communities of the barrows that were analyzed, had been previously identified in weaned pigs, suggesting that these OTUs can become established as early as the nursery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Fowler
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Animal Science Complex, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Ryan S Samuel
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Animal Science Complex, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Animal Science Complex, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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15
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Dang G, Wen X, Zhong R, Wu W, Tang S, Li C, Yi B, Chen L, Zhang H, Schroyen M. Pectin modulates intestinal immunity in a pig model via regulating the gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolite-AhR-IL22 pathway. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:38. [PMID: 36882874 PMCID: PMC9993796 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectin is a heteropolysaccharide that acts as an intestinal immunomodulator, promoting intestinal development and regulating intestinal flora in the gut. However, the relevant mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with either 5% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) or 5% pectin for 3 weeks, to investigate the metabolites and anti-inflammatory properties of the jejunum. RESULT The results showed that dietary pectin supplementation improved intestinal integrity (Claudin-1, Occludin) and inflammatory response [interleukin (IL)-10], and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) was down-regulated in the jejunum. Moreover, pectin supplementation altered the jejunal microbiome and tryptophan-related metabolites in piglets. Pectin specifically increased the abundance of Lactococcus, Enterococcus, and the microbiota-derived metabolites (skatole (ST), 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA), 3-indolepropionic acid (IPA), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (HIAA), and tryptamine (Tpm)), which activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. AhR activation modulates IL-22 and its downstream pathways. Correlation analysis revealed the potential relationship between metabolites and intestinal morphology, intestinal gene expression, and cytokine levels. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these results indicated that pectin inhibits the inflammatory response by enhancing the AhR-IL22-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway, which is activated through tryptophan metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Xiaobin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weida Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanlong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Martine Schroyen
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, Belgium
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16
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Increased Proportion of Fiber-Degrading Microbes and Enhanced Cecum Development Jointly Promote Host To Digest Appropriate High-Fiber Diets. mSystems 2023; 8:e0093722. [PMID: 36511688 PMCID: PMC9948726 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00937-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous study found that appropriate high-fiber diet (containing 19.10% total dietary fiber [TDF], treatment II) did not reduce apparent fiber digestibility of Chinese Suhuai finishing pigs and increased the yield of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), but too high-fiber diet (containing 24.11% TDF, treatment IV) significantly reduced apparent fiber digestibility compared with normal diet (containing 16.70% TDF, control group). However, characteristics of microbiota at the species level and histological structure in pigs with the ability to digest appropriate high-fiber diets were still unknown. This study conducted comparative analysis of cecal physiology and microbial populations colonizing cecal mucosa. The results showed intestinal development indexes including cecum length, densities of cecal goblet cells, and renewal of cecal epithelial cells in treatment II and IV had better performance than those in the control. Paludibacter jiangxiensis, Coprobacter fastidiosus, Bacteroides coprocola CAG:162, Bacteroides barnesiae, and Parabacteroides merdae enriched in treatment II expressed large number of glycoside hydrolase (GH)-encoding genes and had the largest number of GH families. In addition, pathogenic bacteria (Shigella sonnei, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Helicobacter felis) were enriched in treatment IV. Correlation analysis revealed that the intestinal development index positively correlated with the relative abundance of cecal mucosal microbiota and the amount of digested fiber. These results indicated that increased proportions of fiber-degrading microbes and enhanced intestinal development jointly promote the host to digest an appropriate high-fiber diet. However, although too-high fiber levels in diet could maintain the adaptive development of cecal epithelium, the proportions of pathogenic bacteria increased, which might lead to a decrease of fiber digestion in pigs. IMPORTANCE Although studies about the effects of dietary fiber on fiber digestion and intestinal microbiota of pigs were widely in progress, few studies have been conducted on the dynamic response of intestinal microbiota to dietary fiber levels, and the characteristics of intestinal microbiota and intestinal epithelial development adapted to high-fiber diet s were still unclear. Appropriate high fiber promoted the thickness of large intestine wall, increased the density of cecal goblet cells, and promoted the renewal of cecal epithelial cells. In addition, appropriate high fiber improves the microbial abundance with fiber-digesting potential. However, excessive dietary fiber caused an increase in the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. These results indicated that an increased proportion of fiber-degrading microbes and enhanced intestinal development jointly promote host to digest appropriate high-fiber diets. However, although too-high fiber levels in diet could maintain the adaptive development of cecal epithelium, the proportions of pathogenic bacteria increased, which might lead to a decrease of fiber digestion in pigs. Our data provided a theoretical basis for rational and efficient utilization of unconventional feed resources in pig production.
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Zhuo Y, Zou X, Wang Y, Jiang X, Sun M, Xu S, Lin Y, Hua L, Li J, Feng B, Fang Z, Che L, Wu D. Nutritional values of cottonseed meal from different sources fed to gestating and non-pregnant sows. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad118. [PMID: 37085272 PMCID: PMC10199790 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study set out to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of the nutrients and energy in six cottonseed meal (CSM) feedstuffs fed to pregnant and non-pregnant sows. The six types of CSM were: two expelled CSMs with crude protein (CP) levels of 40.67% and 44.64%, and four solvent-extracted CSMs with CP levels of 45.18%, 51.16%, 56.44%, and 59.63%. Fourteen gestating sows (at the fourth parity with body weights of 220.6 ± 18.4 kg at days 30 of gestation) and 14 non-pregnant sows (after the third parity with body weights of 219 ± 14.6 kg) were assigned to a replicated 7 × 3 Youden square design with seven diets and three periods. The seven diets included an entirely corn-based diet and six diets each containing 20.0% of the six CSMs tested. Each period included a 5-d acclimation to the experimental diets, followed by a 5-d period during which urine and feces were collected. Significant differences were found among the six CSM diets, regardless of reproductive stage, regarding 1) the ATTD of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < 0.05) and 2) the ATTD of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and CP and the gross energy (GE) (P < 0.01). Non-pregnant sows had a greater ATTD of OM and CP (P < 0.01) compared with gestating sows. The digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of the six CSM samples ranged from 12.48 to 17.15 MJ/kg and 11.35 to 15.88 MJ/kg, respectively, for non-pregnant sows, and from 12.86 to 16.41 MJ/kg and 12.43 to 14.72 MJ/kg, respectively, for gestating sows. However, the DE, ME, and ME:DE ratios of each CSM were similar between gestating and non-pregnant sows. DE and ME were negatively correlated with NDF and ADF, respectively, but were positively corrected with CP level (P < 0.01). Collectively, the DE, ME, and nutrient digestibility of CSM varied greatly according to the chemical compositions, and CSMs with higher protein and lower fiber levels had greater DE and ME levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhuo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiangyang Zou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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Hu R, Li S, Diao H, Huang C, Yan J, Wei X, Zhou M, He P, Wang T, Fu H, Zhong C, Mao C, Wang Y, Kuang S, Tang W. The interaction between dietary fiber and gut microbiota, and its effect on pig intestinal health. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1095740. [PMID: 36865557 PMCID: PMC9972974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1095740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal health is closely associated with overall animal health and performance and, consequently, influences the production efficiency and profit in feed and animal production systems. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the main site of the nutrient digestive process and the largest immune organ in the host, and the gut microbiota colonizing the GIT plays a key role in maintaining intestinal health. Dietary fiber (DF) is a key factor in maintaining normal intestinal function. The biological functioning of DF is mainly achieved by microbial fermentation, which occurs mainly in the distal small and large intestine. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main class of microbial fermentation metabolites, are the main energy supply for intestinal cells. SCFAs help to maintain normal intestinal function, induce immunomodulatory effects to prevent inflammation and microbial infection, and are vital for the maintenance of homeostasis. Moreover, because of its distinct characteristics (e.g. solubility), DF is able to alter the composition of the gut microbiota. Therefore, understanding the role that DF plays in modulating gut microbiota, and how it influences intestinal health, is essential. This review gives an overview of DF and its microbial fermentation process, and investigates the effect of DF on the alteration of gut microbiota composition in pigs. The effects of interaction between DF and the gut microbiota, particularly as they relate to SCFA production, on intestinal health are also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Hu
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Diao
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chongbo Huang
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayou Yan
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolan Wei
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengjia Zhou
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng He
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianwei Wang
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongsen Fu
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengbo Zhong
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chi Mao
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyao Kuang
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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19
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Upadhaya SD, Kim IH. Maintenance of gut microbiome stability for optimum intestinal health in pigs - a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:140. [PMID: 36474259 PMCID: PMC9727896 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are exposed to various challenges such as weaning, environmental stressors, unhealthy diet, diseases and infections during their lifetime which adversely affects the gut microbiome. The inability of the pig microbiome to return to the pre-challenge baseline may lead to dysbiosis resulting in the outbreak of diseases. Therefore, the maintenance of gut microbiome diversity, robustness and stability has been influential for optimum intestinal health after perturbations. Nowadays human and animal researches have focused on more holistic approaches to obtain a robust gut microbiota that provides protection against pathogens and improves the digestive physiology and the immune system. In this review, we present an overview of the swine gut microbiota, factors affecting the gut microbiome and the importance of microbial stability in promoting optimal intestinal health. Additionally, we discussed the current understanding of nutritional interventions using fibers and pre/probiotics supplementation as non-antibiotic alternatives to maintain microbiota resilience to replace diminished species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Devi Upadhaya
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No.29 Anseodong, Cheonan, 31116 Choongnam South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No.29 Anseodong, Cheonan, 31116 Choongnam South Korea
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Su W, Jiang Z, Wang C, Zhang Y, Gong T, Wang F, Jin M, Wang Y, Lu Z. Co-fermented defatted rice bran alters gut microbiota and improves growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune status and intestinal permeability of finishing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 11:413-424. [PMID: 36382202 PMCID: PMC9640948 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Based on preparation of co-fermented defatted rice bran (DFRB) using Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and phytase, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of co-fermented DFRB on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune status, gut microbiota and permeability in finishing pigs. Ninety finishing pigs (85.30 ± 0.97 kg) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (3 replicates/treatment) with a basal diet (Ctrl), a basal diet supplemented with 10% unfermented DFRB (UFR), and a basal diet supplemented with 10% fermented DFRB (FR) for 30 d. Results revealed that the diet supplemented with FR notably (P < 0.05) improved the average daily gain (ADG), gain to feed ratio (G:F) and the digestibility of crude protein, amino acids and dietary fiber of finishing pigs compared with UFR. Additionally, FR supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) increased total antioxidant capacity, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and decreased the content of malonaldehyde in serum. Furthermore, FR remarkably (P < 0.05) increased serum levels of IgG, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-22 and IL-23) and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and INF-γ). The decrease of serum diamine oxidase activity and serum D-lactate content in the FR group (P < 0.05) suggested an improvement in intestinal permeability. Supplementation of FR also elevated the content of acetate and butyrate in feces (P < 0.05). Moreover, FR enhanced gut microbial richness and the abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria such as Clostridium butyricum and Lactobacillus amylovorus. Correlation analyses indicated dietary fiber in FR was associated with improvements in immune status, intestinal permeability and the level of butyrate-producing microbe C. butyricum, which was also verified by the in vitro fermentation analysis. These findings provided an experimental and theoretical basis for the application of fermented DFRB in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifa Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Corresponding author.
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21
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Alagbe EO, Aderibigbe AS, Schulze H, Ajuwon KM, Adeola O. Gastrointestinal dynamics, immune response, and nutrient digestibility of weanling pigs fed diets supplemented with enzymatically treated yeast1. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac377. [PMID: 36373005 PMCID: PMC9762883 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of enzymatically treated yeast (ETY) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and gut health of weanling pigs. A total of 192 weanling pigs (6.0 ± 1.04 kg) were allocated to 4 corn and soybean-based diets with increasing concentrations of ETY (0, 1, 2, or 4 g/kg) for a 43-d trial. There were 8 replicate pens (4 replicate pens per sex) and 6 pigs per replicate. The experiment was set up as a randomized complete block design with body weight used as a blocking factor. Pigs had ad libitum access to water and diets for the duration of the study. There was no effect of ETY supplementation on the growth performance indices of weanling pigs. At day 14, there was a quadratic decrease (P < 0.05) in the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of acid detergent fiber (ADF). At day 28, there was a linear increase (P < 0.05) in the ATTD of neutral detergent fiber and a quadratic decrease (P < 0.05) in the ATTD of ADF. On day 14, there was a linear increase (P < 0.05) in serum catalase activity with ETY supplementation. There was a linear increase (P < 0.01) in the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase-4 in the ileal mucosa of pigs. Increasing dietary ETY supplementation linearly decreased (P < 0.05) the gene expression of ileal peptide transporter 1. There was a tendency for a quadratic effect (P = 0.07) in the ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio with ETY supplementation. In addition, there was a tendency for a linear increase (P = 0.06) in ileal digesta butyrate with ETY supplementation. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that dietary ETY supplementation could partly ameliorate the deleterious effects of post-weaning stress by enhancing the antioxidative status of weanling pigs. However, prolonged supplementation of ETY may be needed to see its effect on growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O Alagbe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ayodeji S Aderibigbe
- Division of Agriculture Science, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Hagen Schulze
- Livalta, AB Agri Ltd, 64 Innovation Way, Lynchwood, Peterborough, PE2 6FL, UK
| | - Kolapo M Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Olayiwola Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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22
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Liu J, Luo Y, Kong X, Yu B, Zheng P, Huang Z, Mao X, Yu J, Luo J, Yan H, He J. Effects of Dietary Fiber on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Intestinal Health in Different Pig Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233298. [PMID: 36496820 PMCID: PMC9740264 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the effect of dietary fiber on growth performance and intestinal health in different pig breeds, forty Taoyuan and Duroc pigs (pure breeds) of 60 days of age were randomly divided into a 2 (diet) × 2 (breed) factorial experiment (n = 10), and fed with a basal diet (BD) or high-fiber diet (HFD). The trial lasted for 28 d, and results showed that the Taoyuan pigs had a higher average daily feed intake (ADFI) than the Duroc pigs (p < 0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) and digestibilities of gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP) were higher in Taoyuan pigs than in the Duroc pigs under HFD feeding (p < 0.05). The HFD increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in Taoyuan pigs (p < 0.05). Interestingly, Taoyuan pigs had a higher jejunal villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) than the Duroc pigs. The HFD significantly improved the villus height and V/C ratio in duodenum and jejunum (p < 0.05). The HFD also increased the jejunal maltase and ileal sucrase activities in Duroc and Taoyuan pigs, respectively (p < 0.05). Taoyuan pigs had a higher expression level of duodenal fatty acid transport protein-1 (FATP-1) than the Duroc pigs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the HFD acutely improved the expression levels of ileal SGLT-1 and GLUT-2, and the expression levels of jejunal occludin and claudin-1 in Taoyuan pigs (p < 0.05). Importantly, Taoyuan pigs had a higher colonic Bifidobacterium abundance than the Duroc pigs (p < 0.05). The HFD not only elevated the colonic Lactobacillus abundance and butyrate acid content in Taoyuan pigs, but also increased the acetic and propionic acid contents in both the pig breeds (p < 0.05). These results indicated a difference in dietary fiber (DF) utilization by the two pig breeds, and results may also suggest a beneficial character of DF in regulating intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-13419354223 (J.H.); Fax: +86-28-8629-1781 (J.H.)
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-13419354223 (J.H.); Fax: +86-28-8629-1781 (J.H.)
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Guo H, Li B, Gao M, Li Q, Gao Y, Dong N, Liu G, Wang Z, Gao W, Chen Y, Yang Y. Dietary Nutritional Level Affects Intestinal Microbiota and Health of Goats. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122322. [PMID: 36557575 PMCID: PMC9781347 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is a complex micro-ecosystem, and its stability determines the health of animals. Different dietary nutritional levels affect the intestinal microbiota and health. In this study, the nutritional levels of energy and protein in the diet of goats were changed, and the body weight was measured every 15 days. In the late feeding period, 16 S rRNA sequencing technology was used to detect the content of microorganisms. A meteorological chromatograph was used to detect volatile fatty acids in the cecum and colon of goats. In the feeding stage, reducing the nutritional level of the diet significantly reduced the weight of the lamb (p < 0.05). In the cecum, the abundance of potentially harmful bacteria, such as Sphingomonas, Marvinbryantia, and Eisenbergiella, were significantly enriched in goats fed with the standard nutritional level diets (p < 0.05). Additionally, the contents of acetate (p = 0.037) and total VFAs (p = 0.041) increased. In the colon, the abundance of SCFAs-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Papillibacter, decreased as the nutritional level in the diet increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the increase in nutritional level could affect the growth performance and composition of intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongran Guo
- Innovative Research Team of Sheep and Goat, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Bibo Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Meiqi Gao
- Innovative Research Team of Sheep and Goat, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qian Li
- Innovative Research Team of Sheep and Goat, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yawei Gao
- Innovative Research Team of Sheep and Goat, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ning Dong
- Innovative Research Team of Sheep and Goat, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Gongwei Liu
- Innovative Research Team of Sheep and Goat, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Innovative Research Team of Sheep and Goat, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Wenrui Gao
- Hengshan District Animal Husbandry Bureau, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Innovative Research Team of Sheep and Goat, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Innovative Research Team of Sheep and Goat, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence:
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Gao Q, Liu Z, Li K, Bai G, Liu L, Zhong R, Chen L, Zhang H. Time-course effects of different fiber-rich ingredients on energy values, microbiota composition and SCFA profile in growing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:263-275. [PMID: 36712404 PMCID: PMC9868344 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate time-course effects of different types of dietary fiber on the energy values, fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration in growing pigs. A total of 24 barrows (initial body weight, 19.8 ± 0.5 kg) were assigned to 4 dietary treatments based on body weight (BW) in a completely randomized design, including a basal diet (CON) and 3 fiber-rich diets replacing corn, soybean meal and soybean oil in the CON diet with 20% sugar beet pulp (SBP), defatted rice bran (DFRB) or soybean hull (SBH), respectively. Fresh feces were sampled on d 7, 14 and 21, followed by 5 d total feces and urine collections. The results showed that there were no differences in DE and ME between any of the fiber ingredients on d 7, 14 or 21. However, fiber inclusion decreased the DE and ME of the diet (P < 0.05) regardless of the time effect. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed distinctly different microbial communities on the DFRB diet and SBH diet across different times (P < 0.05) and the fecal microbiota of the 4 diet groups demonstrated notably distinct clusters at each time point (P < 0.05). With adaptation time increased from 7 to 21 d, cellulose-degrading bacteria and SCFA-producing bacteria (e.g., Ruminococcaceae _UCG-014, Rikenellaceae _RC9_gut_group and Bifidobacterium) increased in the fiber inclusion diets, and pathogenic genera (e.g., Streptococcus and Selenomonas) were increased in the basal diet (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the gut microbiota of growing pigs adapted more easily and quickly to the SBP diet compared to the DFRB diet, as reflected by the concentration of propionate, butyrate, isovalerate and total SCFA which increased with time for growing pigs fed the DFRB diet (P < 0.05). Collectively, our results indicated at least 7 d adaptation was required to evaluate the energy values of fiber-rich ingredients, as the hindgut microbiota of growing pigs may need more time to adapt to a high fiber diet, especially for insoluble dietary fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guosong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Ma J, Huangfu W, Yang X, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhu X, Wang C, Shi Y, Cui Y. “King of the forage”—Alfalfa supplementation improves growth, reproductive performance, health condition and meat quality of pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1025942. [PMCID: PMC9667112 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1025942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
As one kind of high-quality feed with rich nutrients, including high quality protein and amino acids, dietary fiber, enriched vitamins and mineral elements and bioactive molecules, alfalfa has been widely used in the production of ruminant livestock. As the understanding of alfalfa becomes more and more comprehensive, it is found that the high-quality nutrients in alfalfa could have positive effects on pigs. An increasing number of researches have shown that supplementing dietary alfalfa to the diet of gestating sows reduced constipation, alleviated abnormal behavior, improved satiety and reproductive performance; supplementing dietary alfalfa to the diet of piglets improved growth performance and intestinal barrier function, reduced intestinal inflammatory response and diarrhea; supplementing dietary alfalfa to the diet of growing-fattening pigs improved production performance and pork quality. Moreover, the mechanisms by which various nutrients of alfalfa exert their beneficial effects on pigs mainly including dietary fiber stimulating intestinal peristalsis, enhancing the activity of digestive enzymes, and promoting the colonization of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract through fermentation in the intestine, producing short-chain fatty acids and thus improving intestinal health; high quality protein and amino acids are beneficial to improve animal health condition; rich vitamins and mineral elements play an important role in various physiological functions and growth and development of the body; and bioactive molecules can improve the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory level. Therefore, alfalfa could be used as pig feed ingredient to alleviate various problems in the pig industry and to improve pig production performance. In this review, we detail the current application of alfalfa in pigs and discuss the potential mechanisms involved in how alfalfa improves growth and reproductive performance, pork quality, and intestinal health of the animals, thus laying the foundation for the increased application of high-quality forage in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weikang Huangfu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junying Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
- Yinghua Shi
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yalei Cui
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Su W, Jiang Z, He H, Gong T, Kai L, Xu H, Wang Y, Lu Z. Co-fermented yellow wine lees by Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium regulates growth performance and gut microbiota in finishing pigs. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1003498. [PMID: 36338073 PMCID: PMC9633856 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented yellow wine lees (FYWL) are widely used to increase feed utilization and improve pig performance. Based on the preparation of co-FYWL using Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of co-FYWL on growth performance, gut microbiota, meat quality, and immune status of finishing pigs. 75 pigs were randomized to 3 treatments (5 replicates/treatment), basal diet (Control), a basal diet supplemented with 4%FYWL, and a basal diet supplemented with 8%FYWL, for 50 days each. Results showed that the 8% FYWL group significantly reduced the F/G and increased the average daily weight gain of pigs compared to the control group. In addition, 8% FYWL improved the richness of Lactobacillus and B. subtilis in the gut, which correlated with growth performance, serum immune parameters, and meat quality. Furthermore, acetate and butyrate in the feces were improved in the FYWL group. Simultaneously, FYWL improved the volatile flavor substances of meat, increased the content of flavor amino acids, and played a positive role in the palatability of meat. In addition, FYWL increased serum IgA, IgM, IL-4 and IL-10 levels. Overall, the growth performance, the gut microbiota associated with fiber degradation, meat quality, and immune status were improved in the 8% FYWL group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifa Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan He
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Gong
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixia Kai
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huangen Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Identification of Gut Microbiota Affecting Fiber Digestibility in Pigs. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4557-4569. [PMID: 36286027 PMCID: PMC9600093 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber plays an important role in porcine gut health and welfare. Fiber is degraded by microbial fermentation in the intestine, and most gut microbiota related to fiber digestibility in pigs are worth pursuing. The aim of this study was to identify gut microbiota associated with the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and of acid detergent fiber (ADF) in pigs. Large phenotypic variations in the ATTD of NDF and of ADF were separately found among 274 Suhuai pigs. Microbial community structures were significantly different between high and low fiber digestibility groups. Fourteen genera separately dominated the communities found in the high ATTD (H-AD) of NDF and ADF samples and were in very low abundance in the low ATTD (L-AD) of NDF and ADF samples. In conclusion, norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group (p < 0.05), Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (p < 0.05), unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae (p < 0.05), Treponema_2 (p < 0.01), and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group (p < 0.01) were the main genera of gut microbiota affecting the ATTD of NDF in pigs. Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (p < 0.01), Treponema_2 (p < 0.05), Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group (p < 0.05), Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 (p < 0.05), and [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group (p < 0.05) were the main genera of gut microbiota affecting the ATTD of ADF in pigs. The most important functions of the above different potential biomarkers were: carbohydrate transport and metabolism, general function prediction only, amino acid transport and metabolism, cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, translation, transcription, replication, energy production and conversion, signal transduction mechanisms, and inorganic ion transport and metabolism. The most important metabolic pathways of the above different potential biomarkers were: membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, replication and repair, translation, cell motility, energy metabolism, poorly characterized, nucleotide metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and cellular processes and signaling.
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Li J, Zhang S, Gu X, Xie J, Zhu X, Wang Y, Shan T. Effects of alfalfa levels on carcass traits, meat quality, fatty acid composition, amino acid profile, and gut microflora composition of Heigai pigs. Front Nutr 2022; 9:975455. [PMID: 36245526 PMCID: PMC9566568 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.975455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the demand for healthy and high-quality pork. Alfalfa, one of the most popular perennial forages, is considered a rich source of highly nutritional forage for livestock feed, as it contains over 90% insoluble dietary fiber. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of data confirming the effects of adding alfalfa on pork quality, amino acid composition, and intestinal microbiota composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of alfalfa on carcass traits, meat quality, amino acid and fatty acid composition, and the intestinal microbiota of Heigai pigs. A total of 72 finishing Heigai pigs were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 36), with six replicate groups and six pigs per replication. The two experimental diets were formulated to include graded levels of alfalfa, 20% (AM20) and 30% (AM30). The results showed that adding 30% alfalfa meal did not affect the growth performance of Heigai pigs but significantly reduced backfat thickness (P < 0.05), pH (P < 0.05), increased the a* value, b* value, and flavor amino acid and essential amino acid contents in longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM). In addition, AM30 didn't affect colonic microbiota abundance but significantly reduced the relative abundances of three phyla, such as Verrucomicrobia, and 43 genera, such as Akkermansia, and significantly increased the relative abundances of 47 genera, such as Prevotella-2. Overall, these results advocate for a diet containing 30% alfalfa to improve meat quality by changing the intestinal microflora composition without affecting the growth performance of Heigai pigs, which provides compelling evidence for the use of alfalfa to relieve the pressure on corn and soybean meal demand and produce high-quality pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jintang Xie
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tizhong Shan
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Hirata M, Matsuoka M, Hashimoto T, Oura T, Ohnuki Y, Yoshida C, Minemura A, Miura D, Oka K, Takahashi M, Morimatsu F. Supplemental Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 Affects Intestinal Bacterial Composition of Finishing Pigs. Microbes Environ 2022; 37. [PMID: 36155363 PMCID: PMC9530721 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me22011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal gastrointestinal tracts are populated by highly diverse and complex microbiotas. The gut microbiota influences the bioavailability of dietary components and is closely associated with physiological processes in the host. Clostridium butyricum reportedly improves growth performance and affects the gut microbiota and immune functions in post-weaning piglets. However, the effects of C. butyricum on finishing pigs remain unclear. Therefore, we herein investigated the effects of C. butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM588) on the gut microbiota of finishing pigs. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using fecal samples and ileal, cecal, and colonic contents collected after slaughtering. The α-diversity of the small intestinal microbiota was lower than that of the large intestinal microbiota, whereas β-diversity showed different patterns depending on sample collection sites. The administration of CBM588 did not significantly affect the α- or β-diversity of the microbiotas of fecal and intestinal content samples regardless of the collection site. However, a linear discriminant ana-lysis Effect Size revealed that the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae at the family level, Bifidobacterium at the order level, and Lactobacillus ruminis and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum at the species level were higher in the fecal samples and cecal and colonic contents of the treatment group than in those of the control group. Therefore, the administration of CBM588 to finishing pigs affected the composition of the gut microbiota and increased the abundance of bacteria that are beneficial to the host. These results provide important insights into the effects of probiotic administration on relatively stable gut microbial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Hirata
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University.,Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University
| | - Miki Matsuoka
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University.,R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | - Takamichi Oura
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University
| | - Yo Ohnuki
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University.,R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Chika Yoshida
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University.,R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | - Daiki Miura
- R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Kentaro Oka
- R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | - Fumiki Morimatsu
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University.,Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University
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30
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Pu G, Hou L, Du T, Wang B, Liu H, Li K, Niu P, Zhou W, Huang R, Li P. Effects of short-term feeding with high fiber diets on growth, utilization of dietary fiber, and microbiota in pigs. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:963917. [PMID: 35966661 PMCID: PMC9363921 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.963917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Finishing pigs can adapt to high-fiber diet smoothly according to the production performance and their intestinal microbiota through a 28-day trial or longer. However, it is unclear, at which stage during the experimental period, the adaptation occurred. Here we studied the dosage effects of dietary fiber (Total dietary fiber (TDF) from 16.70 to 24.11%) on growth performance, fiber digestibility, fecal microbiota, and microbial fermentation of finishing pigs during a 14-day feeding period. The results showed that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed/gain (F/G) of pigs were not affected as the dietary fiber increased. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of cellulose, hemicellulose, insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and TDF of pigs remained unchanged when TDF was between 16.70 and 17.75%, while strikingly decreased when TDF increased from 17.75 to 24.11%. It is worth noting that increasing fiber intake seemed to favor hemicellulose digestion. In addition, the increase in fiber intake increased fecal microbial diversity, especially improved the proportion of the members of the family Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, and decreased the abundance of the genus Streptococcus. Moreover, the increase in fiber intake promoted the digestion of fiber, production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and enhanced microbial pyruvate metabolism and butanoate metabolism. In conclusion, short-term high fiber feeding has no adverse effects on the growth performance of finishing pigs. ATTD of dietary fiber of finishing pigs was maintained when TDF was at 17.75%. And short-term high fiber feeding improved microbial diversity and fiber degradation functions of finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Pu
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiology, Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiology, Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Taoran Du
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiology, Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiology, Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiology, Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiology, Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peipei Niu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiology, Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wuduo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Industrial Technology System Integration Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agriculture (PIG), Nanjing, China
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Industrial Technology System Integration Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agriculture (PIG), Nanjing, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiology, Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Industrial Technology System Integration Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agriculture (PIG), Nanjing, China
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31
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The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Skeletal Muscle Development and Fat Deposition in Pigs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060793. [PMID: 35740199 PMCID: PMC9220283 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pork quality is a factor increasingly considered in consumer preferences for pork. The formation mechanisms determining meat quality are complicated, including endogenous and exogenous factors. Despite a lot of research on meat quality, unexpected variation in meat quality is still a major problem in the meat industry. Currently, gut microbiota and their metabolites have attracted increased attention in the animal breeding industry, and recent research demonstrated their significance in muscle fiber development and fat deposition. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research on the effects of gut microbiota on pig muscle and fat deposition. The factors affecting gut microbiota composition will also be discussed, including host genetics, dietary composition, antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics. We provide an overall understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and meat quality in pigs, and how manipulation of gut microbiota may contribute to increasing pork quality for human consumption.
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Hao Y, Ji Z, Shen Z, Xue Y, Zhang B, Yu D, Liu T, Luo D, Xing G, Tang J, Hou S, Xie M. Increase Dietary Fiber Intake Ameliorates Cecal Morphology and Drives Cecal Species-Specific of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in White Pekin Ducks. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:853797. [PMID: 35464956 PMCID: PMC9021919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was to investigate the modulatory effects of total dietary fiber (TDF) levels on cecal morphology and the response of microbiota to maintain gut health for duck growth. A total of 192 14-day-old male white Pekin ducks were randomly allocated to three dietary groups and fed diets, containing 12.4, 14.7, and 16.2% TDF, respectively, until 35 days under the quantitative feed intake. Each dietary group consisted of eight replicate cages of eight birds. The results revealed that 14.7 and 16.2% TDF groups significantly promoted growth performance and improved villus height, the ratio of villus to crypt, muscle layer thickness, and goblet cells per villus of cecum in ducks. qPCR results showed that the transcriptional expression of Claudin-1, Muc2, IGF-1, and SLC16A1 was significantly upregulated in cecum in 14.7 and 16.2% TDF groups. Meanwhile, the concentration of IGF-1 in circulating was significantly increased in 14.7 and 16.2% TDF groups while that of DAO was significantly decreased in 16.2% TDF group. Furthermore, the concentrations of butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate in cecum were conspicuously improved in 14.7 and 16.2% TDF groups while that of propionate was significantly decreased. In addition, the concentrations of butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate in cecum presented negative correlations with the concentration of DAO in circulating. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that the 14.7% TDF group importantly elevated the microbial richness. Simultaneously, butyrate-producing bacteria like the family Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae were enriched as biomarkers in the 16.2% TDF group. Correlation network analysis revealed that the associations between specific bacteria and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induced by different TDF levels, and the correlations among bacteria were also witnessed. For example, the genus Monoglobus and CHKCI002 showed a positive correlation with butyrate, and there was a positively coexistent association between Monoglobus and CHKCI002. In summary, these data revealed that increasing the TDF level could enhance the cecal morphology and drive cecal species-specific of SCFAs in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanqing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youjia Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daxin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangnan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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33
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Wu G, Tang X, Fan C, Wang L, Shen W, Ren S, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Gastrointestinal Tract and Dietary Fiber Driven Alterations of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Durco × Bamei Crossbred Pigs. Front Nutr 2022; 8:806646. [PMID: 35155525 PMCID: PMC8836464 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.806646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract and dietary fiber (DF) are known to influence gut microbiome composition. However, the combined effect of gut segment and long-term intake of a high fiber diet on pig gut microbiota and metabolite profiles is unclear. Here, we applied 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to investigate the effect of broad bean silage on the composition and metabolites of the cecal and jejunal microbiome in Durco × Bamei crossbred pigs. Twenty-four pigs were allotted to four graded levels of DF chow, and the content of jejunum and cecum were collected. Our results demonstrated that cecum possessed higher α-diversity and abundance of Bacteroidetes, unidentified Ruminococcaceae compared to jejunum, while jejunum possessed higher abundance of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus. DF intake significantly altered diversity of the bacterial community. The abundance of Bacteroidetes and Turicibacter increased with the increase of DF in cecum and jejunum respectively. Higher concentrations of amino acids and conjugated bile acids were detected in the jejunum, whereas free bile acids and fatty acids were enriched in the cecum. The concentrations of fatty acids, carbohydrate metabolites, organic acids, 2-oxoadipic acid, and succinate in cecum were higher in the high DF groups. Overall, the results indicate that the composition of bacteria and the microbiota metabolites were distinct in different gut segments. DF had a significant influence on the bacterial composition and structure in the cecum and jejunum, and that the cecal metabolites may further affect host health, growth, and slaughter performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xianjiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Wenjuan Shen
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shi'en Ren
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Liangzhi Zhang
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
- Yanming Zhang
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34
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Tang X, Zhang L, Fan C, Wang L, Fu H, Ren S, Shen W, Jia S, Wu G, Zhang Y. Dietary Fiber Influences Bacterial Community Assembly Processes in the Gut Microbiota of Durco × Bamei Crossbred Pig. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:688554. [PMID: 34956107 PMCID: PMC8693415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.688554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that dietary fiber can significantly alter the composition and structure of the gut bacterial community in humans and mammals. However, few researches have been conducted on the dynamics of the bacterial community assembly across different graded levels of dietary fiber in different gut regions. To address this, 24 Durco × Bamei crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to four experimental chows comprising graded levels of dietary fiber. Results showed that the α-and β-diversity of the bacterial community was significantly different between the cecum and the jejunum. Adding fiber to the chow significantly increased the α-diversity of the bacterial community in the jejunum and cecum, while the β-diversity decreased. The complexity of the bacterial network increased with the increase of dietary fiber in jejunal content samples, while it decreased in cecal content samples. Furthermore, we found that stochastic processes governed the bacterial community assembly of low and medium dietary fiber groups of jejunal content samples, while deterministic processes dominated the high fiber group. In addition, deterministic processes dominated all cecal content samples. Taken together, the variation of gut community composition and structure in response to dietary fiber was distinct in different gut regions, and the dynamics of bacterial community assembly across the graded levels of dietary fiber in different gut regions was also distinct. These findings enhanced our knowledge on the bacterial community assembly processes in gut ecosystems of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China
| | - Chao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Haibo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi'en Ren
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Shen
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shangang Jia
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guofang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China
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35
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Liu G, Li P, Hou L, Niu Q, Pu G, Wang B, Du T, Kim SW, Niu P, Li Q, Huang R. Metagenomic Analysis Reveals New Microbiota Related to Fiber Digestion in Pigs. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:746717. [PMID: 34867862 PMCID: PMC8637618 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Making full use of high fiber and low-cost crop coproducts is helpful to alleviate the situation of people and livestock competing for crops. Digestion of dietary fibers in pigs is mainly through microbial fermentation in the large intestine. To reveal microbiota related to fiber digestion in pigs, fecal samples have been collected from 274 healthy female Suhuai pigs at 160 days of age under the same feeding conditions and have measured apparent neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility. Samples from Suhuai pigs with extreme high and low apparent NDF digestibility and extreme high and low apparent ADF digestibility were subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing. At the species level, 62 microbial species in H_NDF group and 54 microbial species in H_ADF group were related to high fiber digestibility. Among them, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3-1 and Alistipes sp. CAG:514 may be new types of microorganisms associated with fiber digestion. In addition, we found that more abundant GH5 and GH48 family (contribute to cellulose degradation) genes, GH39 and GH53 family (contribute to hemicellulose degradation) genes in microorganisms may contribute to the higher apparent NDF digestibility of pigs, and more abundant GH3 and GH9 family (contribute to cellulose degradation) genes in microorganisms may contribute to the higher apparent ADF digestibility of pigs. The abundance of AA4 family (helps in lignin degradation) genes in H_NDF and H_ADF groups was significantly higher than that in L_NDF and L_ADF groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Three pathways in H_NDF group and four pathways in H_ADF group are important pathways associated with degradation of non-starch polysaccharides, and their relative abundance is significantly higher than that in L_NDF and L_ADF groups, respectively. Gut microbiota of Suhuai pigs with high apparent fiber digestibility had higher abundance of genes and microbiota related to fiber digestion and may have stronger fiber digestion potential compared with low apparent fiber digestibility group. This study revealed that the characteristics of gut microbiota and microbial gene functions of pigs with high fiber apparent digestibility, which provided a theoretical basis and reference for further understanding the impact of gut microbiota on fiber digestibility of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gensheng Liu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Liming Hou
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Qing Niu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Pu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Taoran Du
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Peipei Niu
- Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Huaiyin Xinhuai Pig Breeding Farm, Huaian, China
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
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Yu X, Fu C, Cui Z, Chen G, Xu Y, Yang C. Inulin and isomalto-oligosaccharide alleviate constipation and improve reproductive performance by modulating motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids, and feces microflora in pregnant sows. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6364795. [PMID: 34487146 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation in gestating and lactating sows is common and the inclusion of dietary fiber may help to alleviate this problem. We investigated the effects of inulin (INU) and isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), two sources of soluble dietary fiber, on gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), fecal microflora, and reproductive performance in pregnant sows. On day 64 of gestation, 30 sows were randomly divided into three groups and fed as follows: a basal diet, a basal diet with 0.5% INU, and a basal diet with 0.5% IMO. We found that INU and IMO significantly modulated the levels of gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, as evidenced by an increase in substance P (P < 0.05), and a decrease in the vasoactive intestinal peptide concentrations (P < 0.05), indicating the capacity of INU and IMO to alleviate constipation. Furthermore, IMO enhanced the concentrations of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids in the feces (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing showed that IMO and INU increased the fecal microflora α- and β-diversity (P < 0.05). Methanobrevibacter was more abundant (P < 0.05), whereas the richness of Turicibacter was lower in the INU and IMO groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, IMO significantly increased litter size (P < 0.05). Overall, our findings indicate that INU and IMO can relieve constipation, optimize intestinal flora, and promote reproductive performance in pregnant sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chunsheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhenchuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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37
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Abstract
Research characterising the gut microbiota in different populations and diseases has mushroomed since the advent of next-generation sequencing techniques. However, there has been less emphasis on the impact of dietary fibres and other dietary components that influence gut microbial metabolic activities. Dietary fibres are the main energy source for gut bacteria. However, fibres differ in their physicochemical properties, their effects on the gut and their fermentation characteristics. The diversity of carbohydrates and associated molecules in fibre-rich foods can have a major influence on microbiota composition and production of bioactive molecules, for example SCFAs and phenolic acids. Several of these microbial metabolites may influence the functions of body systems including the gut, liver, adipose tissues and brain. Dietary fibre intake recommendations have recently been increased (to 30 g daily) in response to growing obesity and other health concerns. Increasing intakes of specific fibre and plant food sources may differentially influence the bacteria and their metabolism. However, in vitro studies show great individual variability in the response of the gut microbiota to different fibres and fibre combinations, making it difficult to predict which foods or food components will have the greatest impact on levels of bioactive molecules produced in the colon of individuals. Greater understanding of individual responses to manipulation of the diet, in relation to microbiome composition and production of metabolites with proven beneficial impact on body systems, would allow the personalised approach needed to best promote good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Thomson
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ada L Garcia
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christine A Edwards
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Hao Y, Ji Z, Shen Z, Wu Y, Zhang B, Tang J, Hou S, Xie M. Effects of Total Dietary Fiber on Cecal Microbial Community and Intestinal Morphology of Growing White Pekin Duck. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:727200. [PMID: 34539618 PMCID: PMC8440899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.727200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber (TDF) on growth performance, cecal structure, cecal microbial community, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles in the cecum of growing White Pekin ducks. A total of 108 male Pekin ducks of 14-days-old were randomly allocated and fed diets containing 12.4, 14.7, and 16.2% TDF for 35 days. Each dietary treatment consisted of six replicates with six birds each. The results showed that 14.7 and 16.2% TDF treatments promoted growth performance relative to 12.4% TDF treatments (P < 0.05). A total of 14.7 and 16.2% TDF treatments significantly elevated villus height, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth and muscle layer thickness of cecum, and lowered crypt depth compared with 12.4% TDF treatment (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, 14.7 and 16.2% TDF treatments up-regulated Claudin-1 mRNA expression of barrier genes in the cecum compared with 12.4% TDF (P < 0.05). Butyrate-producing bacteria like Oscillopiraceae affiliating to the phyla Firmicutes were observed as a biomarker in the 16.2% TDF. Higher concentration of butyrate in the cecum was obtained in the 14.7% TDF compared with 12.4 and 16.2% TDF (P < 0.05). The concentrations of isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate in the cecum were significantly increased in the 16.2% TDF compared with 12.4 and 14.7% TDF (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the abundance of genus UCG-005 and Enterococcus was positive correlations with isobutyrate and valerate (P < 0.05). However, the concentration of propionate in the cecum significantly decreased in 14.7 and 16.2% TDF treatments relative to 12.4% TDF treatments (P < 0.05). In summary, increasing TDF levels improved growth performance, cecal histomorphology, and barrier function of meat ducks and it might be mediated by the changes of microbiota communities, especially bloom of SCFAs-producing bacteria, which facilitated the interaction between intestinal mucosa and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanqing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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The plant secondary compound swainsonine reshapes gut microbiota in plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6419-6433. [PMID: 34402940 PMCID: PMC8403131 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Plants produce various plant secondary compounds (PSCs) to deter the foraging of herbivorous mammals. However, little is known about whether PSCs can reshape gut microbiota and promote gut homeostasis of hosts. Using 16S rDNA sequencing to investigate the effects of PSCs on the gut microbiota of small herbivorous mammals, we studied plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) fed diets containing swainsonine (SW) extracted from Oxytropis ochrocephala. Our results showed that both long- and short-term treatment of a single artificial diet in the laboratory significantly reduced alpha diversity and significantly affected beta diversity, core bacteria abundance, and bacterial functions in pikas. After SW was added to the artificial diet, the alpha diversity significantly increased in the long-term treatment, and core bacteria (e.g., Akkermansiaceae) with altered relative abundances in the two treatments showed no significant difference compared with pikas in the wild. The complexity of the co-occurrence network structure was reduced in the artificial diet, but it increased after SW was added in both treatments. Further, the abundances of bacteria related to altered alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism in the artificial diet were restored in response to SW. SW further decreased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in both treatments. Our results suggest that PSCs play a key role in regulating gut microbiota community and intestinal homeostasis, thereby maintaining host health. Key points • Swainsonine improves the intestinal bacterial diversity of plateau pikas. • Swainsonine promotes the recovery of core bacterial abundances in the gut of plateau pikas. • Swainsonine promotes the restoration of intestinal bacterial functions of plateau pikas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11478-6.
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Helm ET, Patience JF, Romoser MR, Johnson CD, Ross JW, Gabler NK. Evaluation of increased fiber, decreased amino acids, or decreased electrolyte balance as dietary approaches to slow finishing pig growth rates. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab164. [PMID: 34014285 PMCID: PMC8259844 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In swine production, pig movement restrictions or packing plant closures may create the need to slow growth rates of finishing pigs to ensure they remain at a marketable body weight when packing plant access is restored. Although dietary formulations can be successful at slowing pig growth, precision is needed regarding how to best formulate diets to achieve growth rate reductions. Thus, the objective was to evaluate three dietary experimental approaches aimed at slowing growth rates in finishing pigs. These approaches consisted of either increasing neutral detergent fiber (NDF), reducing essential amino acids, or reducing the dietary electrolyte balance through the addition of acidogenic salts. A total of 94 mixed-sex pigs (72.4 ± 11.2 kg BW) across two replicates were individually penned and assigned to 1 of 8 dietary treatments (n = 11-12 pigs/treatment): 1) Control diet representative of a typical corn-soybean meal-based finisher diet (CON); 2) diet containing 15% NDF from soybean hulls (15% NDF); 3) diet containing 20% NDF from soybean hulls (20% NDF); 4) diet containing 25% NDF from soybean hulls (25% NDF); 5) diet formulated as per CON but with 50% of the soybean meal replaced with corn (89% Corn); 6) diet containing 97% corn and no soybean meal or synthetic amino acids (97% Corn); 7) diet containing 2% anhydrous calcium chloride (2% CaCl2); and 8) diet containing 4% anhydrous calcium chloride (4% CaCl2). Over 28 d, pig body weights and performance were recorded weekly. At d 28, all pigs were ultrasound scanned and switched to the CON diet to evaluate compensatory gain from d 28 to 35. Overall, increased NDF did not impact any growth performance parameter (P > 0.05). Amino acid restriction reduced average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain:feed (G:F) linearly (linear P < 0.001). Similarly, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were linearly reduced with increased CaCl2 inclusion (linear P < 0.001). ADG differed during the compensatory gain period (P < 0.001), with 4% CaCl2-fed pigs having a 47% increase in ADG compared with CON-fed pigs. Conversely, 15% and 25% NDF-fed pigs had reduced ADG compared with CON-fed pigs during the compensatory gain period. Gain efficiency differed from day 28 to 35 (P < 0.001), with 4% CaCl2-fed pigs having a 36% increase in G:F compared with CON-fed pigs. Altogether, these data demonstrate that both amino acid restriction and CaCl2 inclusion are effective at slowing pig growth, albeit at greater inclusion rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma T Helm
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - John F Patience
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Matthew R Romoser
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Iowa Pork Industry Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Colin D Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Iowa Pork Industry Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jason W Ross
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Iowa Pork Industry Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Nicholas K Gabler
- Iowa Pork Industry Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Zhang Y, Yin C, Schroyen M, Everaert N, Ma T, Zhang H. Effects of the Inclusion of Fermented Mulberry Leaves and Branches in the Gestational Diet on the Performance and Gut Microbiota of Sows and Their Offspring. Microorganisms 2021; 9:604. [PMID: 33804202 PMCID: PMC7998242 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented feed mulberry (FFM), being rich in dietary fiber, has not been fully evaluated to be used in sow's diet. In this study, we investigated the effects of 25.5% FFM supplemented in gestation diets on the performance and gut microbiota of sows and their offspring. Results showed that the serum concentration of glucose, progesterone, and estradiol were not affected by the dietary treatment, while the level of serum insulin and fecal short chain fatty acid were both reduced in FFM group on gestation day 60 (G60, p < 0.05). Additionally, FFM increased both voluntary feed intake and weaning litter weight (p < 0.05), while decreased the losses of both Backfat thickness and bodyweight throughout lactation (p < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing showed FFM supplementation significantly increased the diversity and relative abundance of sows' fecal microbiota on G60 (p < 0.05). The differential microbiota for sows from FFM group was that Bacteroidetes was increased on G60 while Firmicutes were decreased on Lactation day 7 (L7, p < 0.05), and which for the FFM piglets was that both unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae on L0 and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae on L7 were increased (p < 0.05). In short, FFM can be recognized as a potential feed ingredient used in sow's diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (M.S.); (N.E.)
| | - Chang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Martine Schroyen
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (M.S.); (N.E.)
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (M.S.); (N.E.)
| | - Teng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (H.Z.)
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Li H, Ma L, Li Z, Yin J, Tan B, Chen J, Jiang Q, Ma X. Evolution of the Gut Microbiota and Its Fermentation Characteristics of Ningxiang Pigs at the Young Stage. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030638. [PMID: 33673705 PMCID: PMC7997423 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current study described the evolution of the gut microbiota of an indigenous pig breeds, Ningxiang pigs (NXP), from one week before weaning to the end of nursery. The results showed that dietary factors mainly drove the evolution of the microbial community of NXP. Our results contributed to a better understanding of the evolutionary characteristics and influencing factors of the gut microbiota of indigenous pig breeds. Abstract The current study aimed to investigate the evolution of gut microbiota and its influencing factors for NXP in youth. The results showed that Shannon index increased from d 21 to d 28 whereas the ACE index increased from d 21 until d 60. Firmicutes, mainly Lactobacillus dominated on d 21. The Bacteroides and Spirochetes showed highest relative abundance on d 28. Fiber-degrading bacteria, mainly Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Muribaculaceae, and Oscillospiraceae_UCG−002, dominated the microbial communities at d 28 and d 35. The microbial communities at d 60 and d 75 contained more Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Terrisporobacter and Oscillospiraceae_UCG−005 than other ages, which had significantly positive correlations with acetate and total SCFAs concentration. In conclusion, the evolution of gut microbiota was mainly adapted to the change of dietary factors during NXP growth. The response of fiber-degrading bacteria at different stages may help NXP better adapt to plant-derived feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaokang Ma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0731-84619706; Fax: +86-0731-84612685
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Wang H, Xu R, Zhang H, Su Y, Zhu W. Swine gut microbiota and its interaction with host nutrient metabolism. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2020; 6:410-420. [PMID: 33364457 PMCID: PMC7750828 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is generally recognized to play a crucial role in maintaining host health and metabolism. The correlation among gut microbiota, glycolipid metabolism, and metabolic diseases has been well reviewed in humans. However, the interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolism in swine remains incompletely understood. Given the limitation in conducting human experiments and the high similarity between swine and humans in terms of anatomy, physiology, polyphagy, habits, and metabolism and in terms of the composition of gut microbiota, there is a pressing need to summarize the knowledge gained regarding swine gut microbiota, its interplay with host metabolism, and the underlying mechanisms. This review aimed to outline the bidirectional regulation between gut microbiota and nutrient metabolism in swine and to emphasize the action mechanisms underlying the complex microbiome-host crosstalk via the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis. Moreover, it highlights the new advances in knowledge of the diurnal rhythmicity of gut microbiota. A better understanding of these aspects can not only shed light on healthy and efficient pork production but also promote our knowledge on the associations between gut microbiota and the microbiome-host crosstalk mechanism. More importantly, knowledge on microbiota, host health and metabolism facilitates the development of a precise intervention therapy targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rongying Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - He Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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