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Yadav M, Singh AL. Decolourization and detoxification of Reactive Red-195 azo dye by Staphylococcus caprae isolated from textile effluent. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024:10.1007/s12223-024-01175-y. [PMID: 38896188 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Azo dyes are used as coloring agent in textile industries at larger scale. As a result, large quantity of dye-enriched waste water is generated which subsequently poses environmental problems. Biological tool involving bacteria having azoreductase enzyme has proved to be more effective and efficient in dye effluent treatment. Current work focuses on Staphylococcus caprae (S. caprae) for degradation and decolorization of Reactive Red-195 (RR-195) azo dye. For this purpose, factors such as pH, temperature, inoculums, carbon and nitrogen sources, and dye concentrations have been optimized for maximum decolorization and degradation. S. caprae (4 mg/mL) efficiently resulted into 90% decolorization of RR-195 dye under static condition at 100 µg/mL concentration, 30 °C and pH 7.0 at a 12-h contact period. FTIR analysis has revealed the formation of new functional groups in the treated dye such as O-H stretch at 3370 cm-1, C-H band stretching at 2928 cm-1, and new band at 1608 cm-1 which specify the degradation of aromatic ring, 1382 and 1118 cm-1 represents desulfonated peaks. Biodegraded metabolites of RR-195 dye such as phenol, 3, 5-di-tert-butylphenol, and phthalic acid have been identified respectively that find industrial applications. Phytotoxicity test has shown non-toxic effects of treated dye on germination of Vigna radiata and Triticum aestivum seeds. Further, antibiotic diffusion assay has confirmed the biosafety of S. caprae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Bioremediation Lab, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Asha Lata Singh
- Bioremediation Lab, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Singh S, Gautam RL, Chaudhary DK, Singh D, Naraian R. Biodecolorization and biodegradation of Reactive Green 12 textile industry dye and their post-degradation phytotoxicity-genotoxicity assessments. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:262. [PMID: 38753198 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The employment of versatile bacterial strains for the efficient degradation of carcinogenic textile dyes is a sustainable technology of bioremediation for a neat, clean, and evergreen globe. The present study has explored the eco-friendly degradation of complex Reactive Green 12 azo dye to its non-toxic metabolites for safe disposal in an open environment. The bacterial degradation was performed with the variable concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400, and 500 mg/L) of Reactive Green 12 dye. The degradation and toxicity of the dye were validated by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier infrared spectroscopy analysis, and phytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay, respectively. The highest 97.8% decolorization was achieved within 12 h. Alternations in the peaks and retentions, thus, along with modifications in the functional groups and chemical bonds, confirmed the degradation of Reactive Green 12. The disappearance of a major peak at 1450 cm-1 corresponding to the -N=N- azo link validated the breaking of azo bonds and degradation of the parent dye. The 100% germination of Triticum aestivum seed and healthy growth of plants verified the lost toxicity of degraded dye. Moreover, the chromosomal aberration of Allium cepa root cell treatment also validated the removal of toxicity through bacterial degradation. Thereafter, for efficient degradation of textile dye, the bacterium is recommended for adaptation to the sustainable degradation of dye and wastewater for further application of degraded metabolites in crop irrigation for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, 222003, India
| | - Roshan Lal Gautam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, 222003, India
| | - Dhirendra K Chaudhary
- Centre for Renewable Energy, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) Institute of Physical Sciences for Study and Research, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, 222003, India
| | - Devendra Singh
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow Deva Road, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, 225001, India
| | - Ram Naraian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, 222003, India.
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Purnomo AS, Fauzany US, Rizqi HD, Alkas TR, Kamei I. Biodecolorization and biotransformation of methylene blue using mixed cultures of brown-rot fungus Daedalea dickinsii and filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae: identification of metabolites and degradation pathway. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5061-5068. [PMID: 38332787 PMCID: PMC10851058 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine biodecolorization and biotransformation of methylene blue (MB) using mixed cultures of brown-rot fungus Daedalea dickinsii and filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. In addition, the ratio of D. dickinsii and A. oryzae in mixed cultures was 1 : 1, and the sample was incubated at 30 °C for 7 days in liquid medium potato dextrose broth (PDB). The results showed that the sample had the ability to remove and transform 95.24 mg L-1 MB. In this study, mixed cultures had the highest removal percentage of 64.77%, while values of 5.94% and 36.82% were obtained for single cultures of D. dickinsii and A. oryzae, respectively. LC-TOF/MS analysis results showed that peak intensity of MB compound (m/z 284) in each treatment chromatogram decreased compared to the control. The metabolites of decolorization by D. dickinsii were C15H16N3S, C16H19N3SO, and C16H21N3SO, while C31H48N3S+ was obtained using A. oryzae. For mixed cultures, the metabolites obtained included C26H37N2O3S, C9H8N2O3S, C28H38NO2S, and C27H27N5S2. Based on the results, mixed cultures of D. dickinsii and A. oryzae had a high MB decolorization and could be used in the textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Setyo Purnomo
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Kampus ITS Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia +62-31-5928314 +62-31-5943353
| | - Umirul Solichah Fauzany
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Kampus ITS Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia +62-31-5928314 +62-31-5943353
| | - Hamdan Dwi Rizqi
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Kampus ITS Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia +62-31-5928314 +62-31-5943353
| | - Taufiq Rinda Alkas
- Department of Environment Management, Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda Samarinda 75131 Indonesia
| | - Ichiro Kamei
- Department of Forest and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki 1-1, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi Miyazaki 889-2192 Japan
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Ejaz U, Taj A, Sohail M, Alanazi AK, Abo-Dief HM. Toward a zero waste approach: Utilization of sugarcane bagasse for dye removal and multienzymes production. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300529. [PMID: 38066405 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Global production of sugarcane bagasse (SB) by sugar industries exceeds more than 100 tons per annum. SB is rich in lignin and polysaccharide and hence can serve as a low-cost energy and carbon source for the growth of industrially important microorganism. However, various other applications of SB have also been investigated. In this study, SB was used as an adsorbent to remove an azo dye, malachite green. Subsequently, the dye-adsorbed SB was fermented by Trametes pubescens MB 89 for the production of laccase enzyme. The fungal pretreated SB was further utilized as a substrate for the simultaneous production of multiple plant cell wall degrading enzymes including, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, and amylase by thermophilic bacterial strains. Results showed that 0.1% SB removed 97.04% malachite green at 30°C after 30 min from a solution containing 66 ppm of the dye. Fermentation of the dye-adsorbed SB by T. pubescens MB 89 yielded 667.203 IU mL-1 laccase. Moreover, Brevibacillus borstelensis UE10 produced 38.41 and 18.6 IU mL-1 β-glucosidase and pectinase, respectively, by using fungal-pretreated SB. Cultivation of B. borstelensis UE27 in the medium containing the same substrate yielded 32.14 IU mL-1 of endoglucanase and 27.23 IU mL-1 of β-glucosidase. Likewise, Neobacillus sedimentimangrovi UE25 could produce a mix of β-glucosidase (37.24 IU mL-1 ), xylanase (18.65 IU mL-1 ) and endoglucanase (26.65 IU mL-1 ). Hence, this study led to the development of a method through which dye-containing textile effluent can be treated by SB along with the production of industrially important enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroosa Ejaz
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (Szabist University), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Taj
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Hala M Abo-Dief
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Wawrzkiewicz M, Podkościelna B, Podkościelny P, Gilev JB. New Methyl Methacrylate Derived Adsorbents - Synthesis, Characterization and Adsorptive Removal of Toxic Organic Compounds. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300719. [PMID: 37899309 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize polymeric adsorbents by suspension polymerization using methyl methacrylate (MMA) with different crosslinking monomers. Divinylbenzene (DVB) and aliphatic monomers: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) or N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (NN) containing additional amide groups were used. The possibility of using the prepared copolymers (MMA-NN, MMA-EGDMA, MMA-DVB) as adsorbents for the removal of toxic compounds such as dyes (C.I. Acid Red 18 (AR18), C.I. Acid Green 16 (AG16), C.I. Acid Violet 1 (AV1), C.I. Basic Yellow 2 (BY2), C.I. Basic Blue 3 (BB3) and C.I. Basic Red 46 (BR46)) and phenol (PhOH) from dye baths and effluents was evaluated. Preferential adsorption of basic-type dyes compared to acid-type dyes or phenol was observed by the polymers. Adsorbent based on MMA-EGDMA exhibited the highest capacity for investigated dyes and phenol. The pseudo-second order kinetic model as well as the intraparticle diffusion model can find application in predicting sorption kinetics. Based on the equilibrium sorption data fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich model, uptake of BB3, AV1 and PhOH is rather physisorption than chemisorption. The regeneration yield of MMA-EGDMA does not exceed 60 % using 1 M HCl, 1 M NaCl, and 1 M NaOH in 50 %v/v methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wawrzkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in, Lublin, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031, Poland
| | - Beata Podkościelna
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in, Lublin, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031, Poland
| | - Przemysław Podkościelny
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in, Lublin, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031, Poland
| | - Jadranka Blazhevska Gilev
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in, Skopje, R. N., Macedonia
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Dong CD, Tiwari A, Anisha GS, Chen CW, Singh A, Haldar D, Patel AK, Singhania RR. Laccase: A potential biocatalyst for pollutant degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120999. [PMID: 36608728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.120999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the continual march to a predominantly urbanized civilization, anthropogenic activities have increased scrupulously, industrialization have occurred, economic growth has increased, and natural resources are being exploited, causing huge waste management problems, disposal issues, and the evolution of several pollutants. In order to have a sustainable environment, these pollutants need to be removed and degraded. Bioremediation employing microorganisms or enzymes can be used to treat the pollutants by degrading and/or transforming the pollutants into different form which is less or non-toxic to the environment. Laccase is a diverse enzyme/biocatalyst belonging to the oxidoreductase group of enzymes produced by microorganisms. Due to its low substrate specificity and monoelectronic oxidation of substrates in a wide range of complexes, it is most commonly used to degrade chemical pollutants. For degradation of emerging pollutants, laccase can be efficiently employed; however, large-scale application needs reusability, thermostability, and operational stability which necessitated strategies like immobilization and engineering of robust laccase possessing desirable properties. Immobilization of laccase for bioremediation, and treatment of wastewater for degrading emerging pollutants have been focussed for sustainable development. Challenges of employing biocatalysts for these applications as well as engineering robust laccase have been highlighted in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Grace Sathyanesan Anisha
- Post-graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Anusuiya Singh
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641114, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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7
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Oyetade JA, Machunda RL, Hilonga A. Investigation of functional performance of treatment systems for textile wastewater in selected textile industries in Tanzania. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:584-597. [PMID: 36789705 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Textile industrialization is an integral part of the economic growth in Tanzania. However, the corresponding wastewater from textile treatment processes consists of dyes and auxiliaries associated with acute toxicological impacts. This necessitates an investigation of the functional performance of the industrial treatment systems used before effluent discharge. The study primarily accesses the catalog of industrial dyes and the functionality of the treatment system at Arusha, Morogoro and Dar es Salaam vis-à-vis the effluent physicochemical properties. The analytical study reveals disperse (42%), vat (34%) and reactive (26%) as the most used industrial dyes. The physicochemical properties of the quantified wastewater reveal a significant amount of and phosphorus which was consequent to the high turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) apart from the color at the different sampling points. Although the treatability of the wastewater was 90% efficient using an activated carbon system (237.33 ± 0.67 mg/L). Similarly, the use of aerated constructed wetlands shows efficiency in the remediation of the recalcitrant having a value of 12.13 ± 0.89b mg/L (90%) and 13.22 ± 0.15a mg/L (94%). Thereafter, needful recommendations were suggested based on the physicochemical properties of the textile wastewater and to improve the functionality of the treatment systems in the respective industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Akinropo Oyetade
- School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Science, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania ;
| | - Revocatus Lazaro Machunda
- School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Science, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania ;
| | - Askwar Hilonga
- School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Science, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania ;
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Biju LM, K VG, Senthil Kumar P, Kavitha R, Rajagopal R, Rangasamy G. Application of Salvinia sps. in remediation of reactive mixed azo dyes and Cr (VI) - Its pathway elucidation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114635. [PMID: 36309215 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The emerging industrialization has resulted in the rapid growth of textile industries across the globe. The presence of xenobiotic pollutants in textile wastewater threatens the ecosystem. Applying different microbes (bacteria, fungi & algae) has paved the way for phytoremediation - the eco-friendly, cost-effective method. The present study focuses on the phytoremediation of reactive dyes - Reactive red, Reactive Brown & Reactive Black and Cr (VI) in synthetic textile wastewater using Salvinia sps. The mixed azo dyes of each 100 mg/L showed decolourization of 75 ± 0.5% and 82 ± 0.5% of removal of 20 mg/L of Cr (VI) after eight days of incubation in a phytoreactor setup. Chlorophyll analysis revealed the gradual decrease in the photosynthetic pigments during the remediation. The degraded metabolites were analyzed using FT-IR and showed the presence of aromatic amines on day zero, which were converted to aliphatic amines on day four. The GC-MS analysis revealed the disruption of -NN- bond, rupture of -CN- bond, scission of -N-N-bond, and loss of -SO3H from the Reactive Black dye leading to the formation of an intermediate p-Hydroxy phenylhydrazinyl. The rupture of Reactive red dye resulted in the formation of p-Hydrazinyl toluene sulphonic acid, Naphthyl amine -3,6-disulphonic acid and 8-Hydroxy Naphthyl amine -3,6-disulphonic acid. Decarboxylation, desulphonation, deoxygenation and deamination of Reactive Brown dye showed the presence of different metabolites and metabolic pathways were proposed for the reactive azo dyes which were phytoremediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Merlin Biju
- Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, India; Department of Microbiology, Kumararani Meena Muthiah College of Arts & Science, India
| | - Veena Gayathri K
- Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, India.
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.
| | - R Kavitha
- Department of Chemistry, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, India; Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College, Chennai, India
| | - Revathy Rajagopal
- Department of Chemistry, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
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Heragy MO, Moustafa AAM, Elzanfaly ES, Al-Shareef WA, Saad AS. Miniaturized solid-state sensor for inline monitoring of the microbial biodegradation of a biohazardous textile azo dye (Direct Red-81). TALANTA OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Bacillus subtilis: As an Efficient Bacterial Strain for the Reclamation of Water Loaded with Textile Azo Dye, Orange II. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810637. [PMID: 36142543 PMCID: PMC9505759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The azo dye orange II is used extensively in the textile sector for coloring fabrics. High concentrations of it are released into aqueous environments through textile effluents. Therefore, its removal from textile wastewater and effluents is necessary. Herein, initially, we tested 11 bacterial strains for their capabilities in the degradation of orange II dye. It was revealed in the preliminary data that B. subtilis can more potently degrade the selected dye, which was thus used in the subsequent experiments. To achieve maximum decolorization, the experimental conditions were optimized whereby maximum degradation was achieved at: a 25 ppm dye concentration, pH 7, a temperature of 35 °C, a 1000 mg/L concentration of glucose, a 1000 mg/L urea concentration, a 666.66 mg/L NaCl concentration, an incubation period of 3 days, and with hydroquinone as a redox mediator at a concentration of 66.66 mg/L. The effects of the interaction of the operational factors were further confirmed using response surface methodology, which revealed that at optimum conditions of pH 6.45, a dye concentration of 17.07 mg/L, and an incubation time of 9.96 h at 45.38 °C, the maximum degradation of orange II can be obtained at a desirability coefficient of 1, estimated using the central composite design (CCD). To understand the underlying principles of degradation of the metabolites in the aliquot mixture at the optimized condition, the study steps were extracted and analyzed using GC-MS(Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry), FTIR(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), 1H and carbon 13 NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy). The GC-MS pattern revealed that the original dye was degraded into o-xylene and naphthalene. Naphthalene was even obtained in a pure state through silica gel column isolation and confirmed using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis. Phytotoxicity tests on Vigna radiata were also conducted and the results confirmed that the dye metabolites were less toxic than the parent dye. These results emphasize that B. subtilis should be used as a potential strain for the bioremediation of textile effluents containing orange II and other toxic azo dyes.
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Ikram M, Naeem M, Zahoor M, Rahim A, Hanafiah MM, Oyekanmi AA, Shah AB, Mahnashi MH, Al Ali A, Jalal NA, Bantun F, Sadiq A. Biodegradation of Azo Dye Methyl Red by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Optimization of Process Conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19169962. [PMID: 36011598 PMCID: PMC9408507 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution due to textile dyes is a serious threat to every life form. Bacteria can degrade and detoxify toxic dyes present in textile effluents and wastewater. The present study aimed to evaluate the degradation potential of eleven bacterial strains for azo dye methyl red. The optimum degradation efficiency was obtained using P. aeruginosa. It was found from initial screening results that P. aeruginosa is the most potent strain with 81.49% degradation activity and hence it was subsequently used in other degradation experiments. To optimize the degradation conditions, a number of experiments were conducted where only one variable was varied at a time and where maximum degradation was observed at 20 ppm dye concentration, 1666.67 mg/L glucose concentration, 666.66 mg/L sodium chloride concentration, pH 9, temperature 40 °C, 1000 mg/L urea concentration, 3 days incubation period, and 66.66 mg/L hydroquinone (redox mediator). The interactive effect of pH, incubation time, temperature, and dye concentration in a second-order quadratic optimization of process conditions was found to further enhance the biodegradation efficiency of P. aeruginosa by 88.37%. The metabolites of the aliquot mixture of the optimized conditions were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), GC-MS, proton, and carbon 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques. FTIR results confirmed the reduction of the azo bond of methyl red. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results revealed that the degraded dye contains benzoic acid and o-xylene as the predominant constituents. Even benzoic acid was isolated from the silica gel column and identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. These results indicated that P. aeruginosa can be utilized as an efficient strain for the detoxification and remediation of industrial wastewater containing methyl red and other azo dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikram
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand at Chakdara, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rahim
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand at Chakdara, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Marlia Mohd Hanafiah
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adeleke Abdulrahman Oyekanmi
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Bari Shah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Mater H. Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Al Ali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Al Nakhil, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A. Jalal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farkad Bantun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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12
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Biodegradation, Decolorization, and Detoxification of Di-Azo Dye Direct Red 81 by Halotolerant, Alkali-Thermo-Tolerant Bacterial Mixed Cultures. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050994. [PMID: 35630437 PMCID: PMC9147255 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Azo dyes impact the environment and deserve attention due to their widespread use in textile and tanning industries and challenging degradation. The high temperature, pH, and salinity used in these industries render industrial effluent decolorization and detoxification a challenging process. An enrichment technique was employed to screen for cost-effective biodegraders of Direct Red 81 (DR81) as a model for diazo dye recalcitrant to degradation. Our results showed that three mixed bacterial cultures achieved ≥80% decolorization within 8 h of 40 mg/L dye in a minimal salt medium with 0.1% yeast extract (MSM-Y) and real wastewater. Moreover, these mixed cultures showed ≥70% decolorization within 24 h when challenged with dye up to 600 mg/L in real wastewater and tolerated temperatures up to 60 °C, pH 10, and 5% salinity in MSM-Y. Azoreductase was the main contributor to DR81 decolorization based on crude oxidative and reductive enzymatic activity of cell-free supernatants and was stable at a wide range of pH and temperatures. Molecular identification of azoreductase genes suggested multiple AzoR genes per mixed culture with a possible novel azoreductase gene. Metabolite analysis using hyphenated techniques suggested two reductive pathways for DR81 biodegradation involving symmetric and asymmetric azo-bond cleavage. The DR81 metabolites were non-toxic to Artemia salina nauplii and Lepidium sativum seeds. This study provided evidence for DR81 degradation using robust stress-tolerant mixed cultures with potential use in azo dye wastewater treatment.
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Kadam SK, Tamboli AS, Chandanshive VV, Govindwar SP, Choo YS, Pak JH. Construction and implementation of floating wetpark as effective constructed wetland for industrial textile wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127710. [PMID: 34815126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fimbristylis dichotoma, Ipomoea aquatica, Pluchea tomentosa and their co-plantation (consortium FIP) autonomously degrade Orange 3R. Consortium FIP showed 84% removal of Orange 3R within 48 h, which is a higher dye elimination rate than individual plant systems. Oxidoreductase enzymes like tyrosinase (76%), varatryal alcohol oxidase (85%), lignin peroxidase (150%), riboflavin reductase (151%), laccase (171%), NADH-DCIP reductase (11%) and azo reductase (241%) were expressed in consortia FIP during Orange 3R degradation. UV-vis spectroscopy, enzyme activities, HPTLC, FTIR and GC-MS confirmed mineralization of Orange 3R into its metabolites. Microscopic investigation of root tissue revealed the harsh effect of dye on root tissues. Toxicity assessment on the HepG2 cell line demonstrated the toxic nature of Orange 3R, which gets reduced after phyto-treatment with consortia FIP. Floating wetpark of consortia FIP was found more efficient for the treatment of industrial textile waste and accomplished 87%, 86%, 75%, 49% and 46% removal of COD, BOD, color, TSS and TDS of effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas K Kadam
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Asif S Tamboli
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Yeon-Sik Choo
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Pak
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Santhanarajan AE, Rhee C, Sul WJ, Yoo K, Seong HJ, Kim HG, Koh SC. Transcriptomic Analysis of Degradative Pathways for Azo Dye Acid Blue 113 in Sphingomonas melonis B-2 from the Dye Wastewater Treatment Process. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020438. [PMID: 35208892 PMCID: PMC8877305 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acid Blue 113 (AB113) is a typical azo dye, and the resulting wastewater is toxic and difficult to remove. Methods: The experimental culture was set up for the biodegradation of the azo dye AB113, and the cell growth and dye decolorization were monitored. Transcriptome sequencing was performed in the presence and absence of AB113 treatment. The key pathways and enzymes involved in AB113 degradation were found through pathway analysis and enrichment software (GO, EggNog and KEGG). Results: S. melonis B-2 achieved more than 80% decolorization within 24 h (50 and 100 mg/L dye). There was a positive relationship between cell growth and the azo dye degradation rate. The expression level of enzymes involved in benzoate and naphthalene degradation pathways (NADH quinone oxidoreductase, N-acetyltransferase and aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase) increased significantly after the treatment of AB113. Conclusions: Benzoate and naphthalene degradation pathways were the key pathways for AB113 degradation. NADH quinone oxidoreductase, N-acetyltransferase, aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase and CYP450 were the key enzymes for AB113 degradation. This study provides evidence for the process of AB113 biodegradation at the molecular and biochemical level that will be useful in monitoring the dye wastewater treatment process at the full-scale treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalfin-Emmanuel Santhanarajan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Korea; (A.-E.S.); (K.Y.)
| | - Chaeyoung Rhee
- Department of Energy Engineering, Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Woo Jun Sul
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 06974, Korea; (W.J.S.); (H.J.S.)
| | - Keunje Yoo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Korea; (A.-E.S.); (K.Y.)
| | - Hoon Je Seong
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 06974, Korea; (W.J.S.); (H.J.S.)
| | | | - Sung-Cheol Koh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Korea; (A.-E.S.); (K.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-9900-7294
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15
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WITHDRAWN: Synthesis and characterization of nano-zinc oxide: adsorption of acid blue 92 dye, isotherms, thermodynamics and kinetics. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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16
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Shindhal T, Rakholiya P, Varjani S, Pandey A, Ngo HH, Guo W, Ng HY, Taherzadeh MJ. A critical review on advances in the practices and perspectives for the treatment of dye industry wastewater. Bioengineered 2020; 12:70-87. [PMID: 33356799 PMCID: PMC8806354 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1863034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid industrialization has provided comforts to mankind but has also impacted the environment harmfully. There has been severe increase in the pollution due to several industries, in particular due to dye industry, which generate huge quantities of wastewater containing hazardous chemicals. Although tremendous developments have taken place for the treatment and management of such wastewater through chemical or biological processes, there is an emerging shift in the approach, with focus shifting on resource recovery from such wastewater and also their management in sustainable manner. This review article aims to present and discuss the most advanced and state-of-art technical and scientific developments about the treatment of dye industry wastewater, which include advanced oxidation process, membrane filtration technique, microbial technologies, bio-electrochemical degradation, photocatalytic degradation, etc. Among these technologies, microbial degradation seems highly promising for resource recovery and sustainability and has been discussed in detail as a promising approach. This paper also covers the challenges and future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toral Shindhal
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board , Gandhinagar, India.,Biotechnology Department, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya , Gandhinagar, India
| | - Parita Rakholiya
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board , Gandhinagar, India.,Biotechnology Department, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya , Gandhinagar, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board , Gandhinagar, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre of Innovation and Translation Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research , Lucknow, India
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, Australia
| | - How Yong Ng
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Environmental Research Institute , Singapore, Singapore
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