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Li H, Li R, Kang J, Hii KS, Mohamed HF, Xu X, Luo Z. Okeanomitos corallinicola gen. and sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria), a new toxic marine heterocyte-forming Cyanobacterium from a coral reef. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38943258 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial mats supplanting coral and spreading coral diseases in tropical reefs, intensified by environmental shifts caused by human-induced pressures, nutrient enrichment, and global climate change, pose grave risks to the survival of coral ecosystems. In this study, we characterized Okeanomitos corallinicola gen. and sp. nov., a newly discovered toxic marine heterocyte-forming cyanobacterium isolated from a coral reef ecosystem of the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene and the secondary structure of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic region, placed this species in a clade distinct from closely related genera, that is, Sphaerospermopsis stricto sensu, Raphidiopsis, and Amphiheterocytum. The O. corallinicola is a marine benthic species lacking gas vesicles, distinguishing it from other members of the Aphanizomenonaceae family. The genome of O. corallinicola is large and exhibits diverse functional capabilities, potentially contributing to the resilience and adaptability of coral reef ecosystems. In vitro assays revealed that O. corallinicola demonstrates notable cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines, suggesting its potential as a source of novel anticancer compounds. Furthermore, the identification of residual saxitoxin biosynthesis function in the genome of O. corallinicola, a marine cyanobacteria, supports the theory that saxitoxin genes in cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates may have been horizontally transferred between them or may have originated from a shared ancestor. Overall, the identification and characterization of O. corallinicola provides valuable contributions to cyanobacterial taxonomy, offering novel perspectives on complex interactions within coral reef ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Marine Drugs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Renhui Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Kang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Kieng Soon Hii
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hala F Mohamed
- Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Xinya Xu
- Institute of Marine Drugs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhaohe Luo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
- Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China
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Wang Z, Li N, Xu Y, Wang W, Liu Y. Functional activity of endophytic bacteria G9H01 with high salt tolerance and anti-Magnaporthe oryzae that isolated from saline-alkali-tolerant rice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171822. [PMID: 38521266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
It holds significant practical importance to screen and investigate endophytic bacteria with salt-tolerant activity in rice for the development of relevant microbial agents. A total of 179 strains of endophytic bacteria were isolated from 24 samples of salt-tolerant rice seeds, with almost 95 % of these bacteria exhibiting tolerance to a salt content of 2 % (0.34 mol/L). Following the screening process, a bacterium named G9H01 was identified, which demonstrated a salt tolerance of up to 15 % (2.57 mol/L) and resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast disease. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed G9H01 as a strain of Bacillus paralicheniformis. The complete genome of G9H01 was sequenced and assembled, revealing a considerable number of genes encoding proteins associated with salt tolerance. Further analysis indicated that G9H01 may alleviate salt stress in a high-salt environment through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include the utilization of proteins such as K+ transporters, antiporters, and Na+/H+ antiporters, which are involved in K+ absorption and Na+ excretion. G9H01 also demonstrated the ability to uptake and accumulate betaine, as well as secrete extracellular polysaccharides. Collectively, these findings suggest that Bacillus paralicheniformis G9H01 has potential as a biocontrol agent, capable of promoting rice growth under saline-alkali-tolerant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice (Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center), Changsha 410125, China
| | - Youqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Weiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice (Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center), Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Owens SL, Ahmed SR, Lang Harman RM, Stewart LE, Mori S. Natural Products That Contain Higher Homologated Amino Acids. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300822. [PMID: 38487927 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on discussing natural products (NPs) that contain higher homologated amino acids (homoAAs) in the structure as well as the proposed and characterized biosynthesis of these non-proteinogenic amino acids. Homologation of amino acids includes the insertion of a methylene group into its side chain. It is not a very common modification found in NP biosynthesis as approximately 450 homoAA-containing NPs have been isolated from four bacterial phyla (Cyanobacteria, Actinomycetota, Myxococcota, and Pseudomonadota), two fungal phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), and one animal phylum (Porifera), except for a few examples. Amino acids that are found to be homologated and incorporated in the NP structures include the following ten amino acids: alanine, arginine, cysteine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, and tyrosine, where isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine share the comparable enzymatic pathway. Other amino acids have their individual homologation pathway (arginine, proline, and glutamic acid for bacteria), likely utilize the primary metabolic pathway (alanine and glutamic acid for fungi), or have not been reported (cysteine and serine). Despite its possible high potential in the drug discovery field, the biosynthesis of homologated amino acids has a large room to explore for future combinatorial biosynthesis and metabolic engineering purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skyler L Owens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Shopno R Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Rebecca M Lang Harman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Laura E Stewart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Shogo Mori
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912
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Mehjabin JJ, Phan CS, Okino T. Noducyclamides A1-A4, B1, and B2 from the Cyanobacterium Nodularia sp. NIES-3585. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:984-993. [PMID: 38587271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A chemical investigation of the hydrophilic fraction of a cultured Nodularia sp. (NIES-3585) afforded six new cyclic lipopeptides, noducyclamides A1-A4 (1-4) containing 10 amino acid residues and dodecapeptides noducyclamides B1 and B2 (5 and 6). The planar structures of these lipopeptides were elucidated based on the combination of HRMS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analyses. These peptides are structurally analogous to laxaphycins and contain the nonproteinogenic amino acids 3-hydroxyvaline and 3-hydroxyleucine and a β-amino decanoic acid residue. The absolute configurations of the noducyclamides (1-6) were determined by acid hydrolysis, followed by advanced Marfey's analysis. Noducyclamide B1 (5) showed cytotoxic activities against MCF7 breast cancer cell lines with an IC50 value of 3.0 μg/mL (2.2 μM).
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Mandhata CP, Bishoyi AK, Sahoo CR, Maharana S, Padhy RN. Insight to biotechnological utility of phycochemicals from cyanobacterium Anabaena sp.: An overview. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105594. [PMID: 37343687 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are well-known for the ability to excrete extra-cellular products, as a variety of cyanochemicals (phycocompounds) of curio with several extensive therapeutic applications. Among these phycocompound, the cyanotoxins from certain water-bloom forming taxa are toxic to biota, including crocodiles. Failure of current non-renewable source compounds in producing sustainable and non-toxic therapeutics led the urgency of discovering products from natural sources. Particularly, compounds of the filamentous N2-fixing Anabaena sp. have effective antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Today, such newer compounds are the potential targets for the possible novel chemical scaffolds, suitable for mainstream-drug development cascades. Bioactive compounds of Anabaena sp. such as, anatoxins, hassallidins and phycobiliproteins have proven their inherent antibacterial, antifungal, and antineoplastic activities, respectively. Herein, the available details of the biomass production and the inherent phyco-constituents namely, alkaloids, lipids, phenols, peptides, proteins, polysaccharides, terpenoids and cyanotoxins are considered, along with geographical distributions and morphological characteristics of the cyanobacterium. The acquisitions of cyanochemicals in recent years have newly addressed several pharmaceutical aliments, and the understanding of the associated molecular interactions of phycochemicals have been considered, for plausible use in drug developments in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Priyadarsani Mandhata
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science & SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Bishoyi
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science & SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Chita Ranjan Sahoo
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science & SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India.
| | | | - Rabindra Nath Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science & SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India.
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do Amaral SC, Xavier LP, Vasconcelos V, Santos AV. Cyanobacteria: A Promising Source of Antifungal Metabolites. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:359. [PMID: 37367684 DOI: 10.3390/md21060359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a rich source of secondary metabolites, and they have received a great deal of attention due to their applicability in different industrial sectors. Some of these substances are known for their notorious ability to inhibit fungal growth. Such metabolites are very chemically and biologically diverse. They can belong to different chemical classes, including peptides, fatty acids, alkaloids, polyketides, and macrolides. Moreover, they can also target different cell components. Filamentous cyanobacteria have been the main source of these compounds. This review aims to identify the key features of these antifungal agents, as well as the sources from which they are obtained, their major targets, and the environmental factors involved when they are being produced. For the preparation of this work, a total of 642 documents dating from 1980 to 2022 were consulted, including patents, original research, review articles, and theses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cavalcante do Amaral
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Vítor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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Dhakal D, Kokkaliari S, Rubin GM, Paul VJ, Ding Y, Luesch H. Biosynthesis of Lyngbyastatins 1 and 3, Cytotoxic Depsipeptides from an Okeania sp. Marine Cyanobacterium. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:85-93. [PMID: 36546857 PMCID: PMC10197921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lyngbyastatins (Lbns) 1 (1) and 3 (2) belong to a group of cyclic depsipeptides that inhibit cancer cell proliferation. These compounds have been isolated from different marine cyanobacterial collections, while further development of these compounds relies on their lengthy total synthesis. Biosynthetic studies of these compounds can provide viable strategies to access these compounds and develop new analogs. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of one Lbn biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) from the marine cyanobacterium Okeania sp. VPG18-21. We initially identified 1 and 2 in the organic extract by mass spectrometry and performed the targeted isolation of these compounds, which feature a (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-methylpentanoic acid (MAP) and a (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-methylhexanoic acid (Amha) moiety, respectively. Parallel metagenomic sequencing of VPG18-21 led to the identification of a putative Lbn BGC that encodes six megaenzymes (LbnA-F), including one polyketide synthase (PKS, LbnE), four nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs, LbnB-D and -F), and one PKS-NRPS hybrid (LbnA). Bioinformatic analysis of these enzymes suggested that the BGC produces 1 and 2. Furthermore, our biochemical studies of three recombinant adenylation domains uncovered their substrate specificities, supporting the identity of the BGC. Finally, we identified near-complete Lbn-like BGCs in the genomes of two other marine cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Dhakal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Sofia Kokkaliari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Garret M. Rubin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Ft. Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Ft. Pierce, Florida 34949, United States
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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Ngo TT, Nguyen BLT, Duong TA, Nguyen THT, Nguyen TL, Kieu KT, Do MHT, Nguyen SV, Thang ND, Pham HTL. Polyphasic evaluation and cytotoxic investigation of isolated cyanobacteria with an emphasis on potent activities of a Scytonema strain. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1025755. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1025755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are phototrophic organisms widely found in most types of natural habitats in the tropical regions of the world. In this study, we isolated and identified cyanobacterial strains from paddy soil in Hanoi (Vietnam) and investigated their cytotoxic activities. Five isolated cyanobacterial strains showed distinctive profiles of gene sequences (rRNA 16S and rbcL), phylogenetic placements, and morphological characteristics. Based on the polyphasic evaluation, they were classified as Scytonema bilaspurense NK13, Hapalosiphon welwitschii MD2411, Aulosira sp. XN1103, Desikacharya sp. NS2000, and Desmonostoc sp. NK1813. The cytotoxic screening revealed that the extract of strain Scytonema bilaspurense NK13 exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against four human cell lines of HeLa cells, OVCAR-8 cells, HaCaT cells, and HEK-293T cells, with IC50 values of 3.8, 34.2, 21.6, and 0.6 μg/mL, respectively. This is the first time a well-classified Scytonema strain from tropical habitat in Southeast Asia has been recognized as a potential producer of cytotoxic compounds.
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Comparative Metagenomic Analysis of Biosynthetic Diversity across Sponge Microbiomes Highlights Metabolic Novelty, Conservation, and Diversification. mSystems 2022; 7:e0035722. [PMID: 35862823 PMCID: PMC9426513 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00357-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges and their microbial symbiotic communities are rich sources of diverse natural products (NPs) that often display biological activity, yet little is known about the global distribution of NPs and the symbionts that produce them. Since the majority of sponge symbionts remain uncultured, it is a challenge to characterize their NP biosynthetic pathways, assess their prevalence within the holobiont, and measure the diversity of NP biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) across sponge taxa and environments. Here, we explore the microbial biosynthetic landscapes of three high-microbial-abundance (HMA) sponges from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. This data set reveals striking novelty, with <1% of the recovered gene cluster families (GCFs) showing similarity to any characterized BGC. When zooming in on the microbial communities of each sponge, we observed higher variability of specialized metabolic and taxonomic profiles between sponge species than within species. Nonetheless, we identified conservation of GCFs, with 20% of sponge GCFs being shared between at least two sponge species and a GCF core comprised of 6% of GCFs shared across all species. Within this functional core, we identified a set of widespread and diverse GCFs encoding nonribosomal peptide synthetases that are potentially involved in the production of diversified ether lipids, as well as GCFs putatively encoding the production of highly modified proteusins. The present work contributes to the small, yet growing body of data characterizing NP landscapes of marine sponge symbionts and to the cryptic biosynthetic potential contained in this environmental niche. IMPORTANCE Marine sponges and their microbial symbiotic communities are a rich source of diverse natural products (NPs). However, little is known about the sponge NP global distribution landscape and the symbionts that produce them. Here, we make use of recently developed tools to perform untargeted mining and comparative analysis of sponge microbiome metagenomes of three sponge species in the first study considering replicate metagenomes of multiple sponge species. We present an overview of the biosynthetic diversity across these sponge holobionts, which displays extreme biosynthetic novelty. We report not only the conservation of biosynthetic and taxonomic diversity but also a core of conserved specialized metabolic pathways. Finally, we highlight several novel GCFs with unknown ecological function, and observe particularly high biosynthetic potential in Acidobacteriota and Latescibacteria symbionts. This study paves the way toward a better understanding of the marine sponge holobionts' biosynthetic potential and the functional and ecological role of sponge microbiomes.
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On the Hunt for New Toxin Families Produced by a Mediterranean Strain of the Benthic Dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040234. [PMID: 35448843 PMCID: PMC9030729 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ostreopsis cf. ovata is a benthic dinoflagellate known to produce palytoxin (PLTX) and its analogues. Recent investigations suggested the production of unknown toxins by a Mediterranean strain. In the present work, two new families of toxins, potentially novel in their structures, were purified from this same Mediterranean strain of Ostreopsis cf. ovata. The low amount of material isolated only allowed for acquisition of high-resolution mass spectrometry data and the evaluation of their cytotoxicity to human lung cancer cells. Based on their HRMS data, none of these new compounds appear to be close PLTX analogues, although their mass spectra suggest poly-hydroxylated long chain compounds of high molecular weight (1370–2143 Da). The cell cytotoxicity concentrations (CC50) of these new purified toxins ranged between 0.68 and 3.12 µg/mL, and this was enhanced when they were tested as mixtures, suggesting synergistic effects of Ostreopsis toxins. The two families of compounds were named the liguriatoxins (LGTX) and rivieratoxins (RVTX), with each family containing three members. Additional work on purification is needed to fully characterize the structures of these six new dinoflagellate toxins.
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Santos-Aberturas J, Vior NM. Beyond Soil-Dwelling Actinobacteria: Fantastic Antibiotics and Where to Find Them. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:195. [PMID: 35203798 PMCID: PMC8868522 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial secondary metabolites represent an invaluable source of bioactive molecules for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Although screening campaigns for the discovery of new compounds have traditionally been strongly biased towards the study of soil-dwelling Actinobacteria, the current antibiotic resistance and discovery crisis has brought a considerable amount of attention to the study of previously neglected bacterial sources of secondary metabolites. The development and application of new screening, sequencing, genetic manipulation, cultivation and bioinformatic techniques have revealed several other groups of bacteria as producers of striking chemical novelty. Biosynthetic machineries evolved from independent taxonomic origins and under completely different ecological requirements and selective pressures are responsible for these structural innovations. In this review, we summarize the most important discoveries related to secondary metabolites from alternative bacterial sources, trying to provide the reader with a broad perspective on how technical novelties have facilitated the access to the bacterial metabolic dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia M. Vior
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR7 4UH, UK
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Fewer DP, Jokela J, Heinilä L, Aesoy R, Sivonen K, Galica T, Hrouzek P, Herfindal L. Chemical diversity and cellular effects of antifungal cyclic lipopeptides from cyanobacteria. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:639-650. [PMID: 34145585 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria produce a variety of chemically diverse cyclic lipopeptides with potent antifungal activities. These cyclic lipopeptides have an amphipathic structure comprised of a polar peptide cycle and hydrophobic fatty acid side chain. Many have antibiotic activity against a range of human and plant fungal pathogens. This review article aims to summarize the present knowledge on the chemical diversity and cellular effects of cyanobacterial cyclic lipopeptides that display antifungal activity. Cyclic antifungal lipopeptides from cyanobacteria commonly fall into four structural classes; hassallidins, puwainaphycins, laxaphycins, and anabaenolysins. Many of these antifungal cyclic lipopeptides act through cholesterol and ergosterol-dependent disruption of membranes. In many cases, the cyclic lipopeptides also exert cytotoxicity in human cells, and a more extensive examination of their biological activity and structure-activity relationship is warranted. The hassallidin, puwainaphycin, laxaphycin, and anabaenolysin structural classes are unified through shared complex biosynthetic pathways that encode a variety of unusual lipoinitiation mechanisms and branched biosynthesis that promote their chemical diversity. However, the biosynthetic origins of some cyanobacterial cyclic lipopeptides and the mechanisms, which drive their structural diversification in general, remain poorly understood. The strong functional convergence of differently organized chemical structures suggests that the production of lipopeptide confers benefits for their producer. Whether these benefits originate from their antifungal activity or some other physiological function remains to be answered in the future. However, it is clear that cyanobacteria encode a wealth of new cyclic lipopeptides with novel biotechnological and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Fewer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Jokela
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lassi Heinilä
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reidun Aesoy
- Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomáš Galica
- Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hrouzek
- Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Lars Herfindal
- Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Biology and applications of co-produced, synergistic antimicrobials from environmental bacteria. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1118-1128. [PMID: 34446927 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00952-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental bacteria, such as Streptomyces spp., produce specialized metabolites that are potent antibiotics and therapeutics. Selected specialized antimicrobials are co-produced and function together synergistically. Co-produced antimicrobials comprise multiple chemical classes and are produced by a wide variety of bacteria in different environmental niches, suggesting that their combined functions are ecologically important. Here, we highlight the exquisite mechanisms that underlie the simultaneous production and functional synergy of 16 sets of co-produced antimicrobials. To date, antibiotic and antifungal discovery has focused mainly on single molecules, but we propose that methods to target co-produced antimicrobials could widen the scope and applications of discovery programs.
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Sullivan P, Krunic A, Davis LJ, Kim HS, Burdette JE, Orjala J. Phormidepistatin from the Cyanobacterium UIC 10484: Assessing the Phylogenetic Distribution of the Statine Pharmacophore. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2256-2264. [PMID: 34314586 PMCID: PMC8403167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new linear lipopeptide, phormidepistatin (1), containing an epi-statine amino acid was isolated from cf. Phormidium sp. strain UIC 10484. The planar structure was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experimentation. The relative configuration was determined by J-based configurational analysis and the absolute configuration by advanced Marfey's analysis. Given that the statine moiety is an established pharmacophore known to inhibit aspartic proteases, phormidepistatin was evaluated against cathepsin D and displayed limited activity. With 1 containing a statine-like moiety, we sought to assess the distribution of this γ-amino acid within the phylum Cyanobacteria. In-depth MS/MS analysis identified the presence of phormidepistatin in cf. Phormidium sp. UIC 10045 and cf. Trichormus sp. UIC 10039. A structure database search identified 33 known cyanobacterial metabolites containing a statine or statine-like amino acid and, along with phormidepistatin, were grouped into 10 distinct compound classes. A phylogenetic tree was built comprising all cyanobacteria with established 16S rRNA sequences known to produce statine or statine-like-containing compound classes. This analysis suggests the incorporation of the γ-amino acid into secondary metabolites is taxonomically widespread within the phylum. Overall, it is our assessment that cyanobacteria are a potential source for statine or statine-like-containing compounds.
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Darcel L, Das S, Bonnard I, Banaigs B, Inguimbert N. Thirtieth Anniversary of the Discovery of Laxaphycins. Intriguing Peptides Keeping a Part of Their Mystery. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19090473. [PMID: 34564135 PMCID: PMC8471579 DOI: 10.3390/md19090473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptides are a class of compounds generally produced by microorganisms through hybrid biosynthetic pathways involving non-ribosomal peptide synthase and a polyketyl synthase. Cyanobacterial-produced laxaphycins are examples of this family of compounds that have expanded over the past three decades. These compounds benefit from technological advances helping in their synthesis and characterization, as well as in deciphering their biosynthesis. The present article attempts to summarize most of the articles that have been published on laxaphycins. The current knowledge on the ecological role of these complex sets of compounds will also be examined.
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Heinilä LMP, Fewer DP, Jokela JK, Wahlsten M, Ouyang X, Permi P, Jortikka A, Sivonen K. The structure and biosynthesis of heinamides A1-A3 and B1-B5, antifungal members of the laxaphycin lipopeptide family. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5577-5588. [PMID: 34085692 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00772f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Laxaphycins are a family of cyclic lipopeptides with synergistic antifungal and antiproliferative activities. They are produced by multiple cyanobacterial genera and comprise two sets of structurally unrelated 11- and 12-residue macrocyclic lipopeptides. Here, we report the discovery of new antifungal laxaphycins from Nostoc sp. UHCC 0702, which we name heinamides, through antimicrobial bioactivity screening. We characterized the chemical structures of eight heinamide structural variants A1-A3 and B1-B5. These variants contain the rare non-proteinogenic amino acids 3-hydroxy-4-methylproline, 4-hydroxyproline, 3-hydroxy-d-leucine, dehydrobutyrine, 5-hydroxyl β-amino octanoic acid, and O-carbamoyl-homoserine. We obtained an 8.6-Mb complete genome sequence from Nostoc sp. UHCC 0702 and identified the 93 kb heinamide biosynthetic gene cluster. The structurally distinct heinamides A1-A3 and B1-B5 variants are synthesized using an unusual branching biosynthetic pathway. The heinamide biosynthetic pathway also encodes several enzymes that supply non-proteinogenic amino acids to the heinamide synthetase. Through heterologous expression, we showed that (2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-l-proline is supplied through the action of a novel enzyme LxaN, which hydroxylates l-proline. 11- and 12-residue heinamides have the characteristic synergistic activity of laxaphycins against Aspergillus flavus FBCC 2467. Structural and genetic information of heinamides may prove useful in future discovery of natural products and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Peter Fewer
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jouni Kalevi Jokela
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Matti Wahlsten
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Xiaodan Ouyang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland and Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anna Jortikka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Genome Reduction and Secondary Metabolism of the Marine Sponge-Associated Cyanobacterium Leptothoe. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060298. [PMID: 34073758 PMCID: PMC8225149 DOI: 10.3390/md19060298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponges form symbiotic relationships with diverse and abundant microbial communities. Cyanobacteria are among the most important members of the microbial communities that are associated with sponges. Here, we performed a genus-wide comparative genomic analysis of the newly described marine benthic cyanobacterial genus Leptothoe (Synechococcales). We obtained draft genomes from Le. kymatousa TAU-MAC 1615 and Le. spongobia TAU-MAC 1115, isolated from marine sponges. We identified five additional Leptothoe genomes, host-associated or free-living, using a phylogenomic approach, and the comparison of all genomes showed that the sponge-associated strains display features of a symbiotic lifestyle. Le. kymatousa and Le. spongobia have undergone genome reduction; they harbored considerably fewer genes encoding for (i) cofactors, vitamins, prosthetic groups, pigments, proteins, and amino acid biosynthesis; (ii) DNA repair; (iii) antioxidant enzymes; and (iv) biosynthesis of capsular and extracellular polysaccharides. They have also lost several genes related to chemotaxis and motility. Eukaryotic-like proteins, such as ankyrin repeats, playing important roles in sponge-symbiont interactions, were identified in sponge-associated Leptothoe genomes. The sponge-associated Leptothoe stains harbored biosynthetic gene clusters encoding novel natural products despite genome reduction. Comparisons of the biosynthetic capacities of Leptothoe with chemically rich cyanobacteria revealed that Leptothoe is another promising marine cyanobacterium for the biosynthesis of novel natural products.
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Darcel L, Bornancin L, Raviglione D, Bonnard I, Mills SC, Sáez-Vásquez J, Banaigs B, Inguimbert N. d-Peptidase Activity in a Marine Mollusk Detoxifies a Nonribosomal Cyclic Lipopeptide: An Ecological Model to Study Antibiotic Resistance. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6198-6208. [PMID: 33914531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the marine environment, sessile cyanobacteria have developed chemical strategies for protection against grazers. In turn, herbivores have to circumvent these defenses and in certain cases even take advantage of them as shelter from their own predators. This is the case of Stylocheilus striatus, a sea hare that feeds on Anabaena torulosa, a cyanobacterium that produces toxic cyclic lipopeptides of the laxaphycin B family. S. striatus consumes the cyanobacterium without being affected by the toxicity of its compounds and also uses it as an invisibility cloak against predators. In this article, using different substrates analogous to laxaphycin B, we demonstrate the presence of an enzyme in the digestive gland of the mollusk that is able to biotransform laxaphycin B derivatives. The enzyme belongs to the poorly known family of d-peptidases that are suspected to be involved in antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine Darcel
- CRIOBE, USR EPHE-UPVD-CNRS 3278, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan 66860, France
| | - Louis Bornancin
- CRIOBE, USR EPHE-UPVD-CNRS 3278, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan 66860, France
| | - Delphine Raviglione
- CRIOBE, USR EPHE-UPVD-CNRS 3278, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan 66860, France
| | - Isabelle Bonnard
- CRIOBE, USR EPHE-UPVD-CNRS 3278, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan 66860, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan 66860, France
| | - Suzanne C Mills
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, Papetoai, Moorea 98729, French Polynesia.,Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan 66860, France
| | - Julio Sáez-Vásquez
- LGDP, UMR CNRS 5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan 66860, France
| | - Bernard Banaigs
- CRIOBE, USR EPHE-UPVD-CNRS 3278, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan 66860, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan 66860, France
| | - Nicolas Inguimbert
- CRIOBE, USR EPHE-UPVD-CNRS 3278, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan 66860, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan 66860, France
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