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Cueva SF, Wasson DE, Martins LF, Räisänen SE, Silvestre T, Hristov AN. Lactational performance, ruminal fermentation, and enteric gas emission of dairy cows fed an amylase-enabled corn silage in diets with different starch concentrations. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4426-4448. [PMID: 38942561 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of feeding an amylase-enabled corn silage (ACS) on the performance and enteric gas emissions in lactating dairy cows. Following a 2-wk covariate period, 48 mid-lactation Holstein cows were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments in a 10-wk randomized complete block design experiment. Treatments were diets containing the same proportion of corn silage (40% of dietary DM) as follows: (1) a conventional hybrid corn silage control (CON), (2) ACS replacing the control silage (ADR), and (3) the ADR diet replacing soybean hulls with ground corn grain to achieve the same dietary starch concentration as CON (ASR). Control corn silage and ACS were harvested on the same day and contained 40.3% and 37.1% DM and (% of DM): 37.2% and 41.0% NDF and 37.1% and 30.0% starch, respectively. Enteric gas emissions were measured using the GreenFeed system. Two cows were culled due to health-related issues during the covariate period. Ruminal fluid was collected from 24 cows (8 per treatment) using the orogastric ruminal sampling technique. When compared with CON, cows fed ADR had increased DMI during experimental wk 3, 4, and 9, but treatment did not affect milk or ECM milk yields (39.0 kg/d on average; SEM = 0.89). Compared with CON, feed efficiency (per unit of milk, but not ECM) tended to be lower for ADR, whereas milk true protein concentration (a tendency) and yield were lower for ASR. Milk urea N was decreased by both ADR and ASR diets relative to CON. Compared with CON, daily CH4 emission and emission intensity were increased by ADR but not ASR. Total protozoal count tended to be increased by both diets formulated with ACS when compared with control corn silage. Total-tract digestibility of dietary NDF was greater for ASR, and that of ADF was greater for both ADR and ASR versus CON. The molar proportion of acetate (a tendency) and acetate-to-propionate ratio were increased by ADR, but not ASR, when compared with CON. Replacement of CON with ACS (having lower starch concentration) in the diet of dairy cows increased DMI during the initial weeks of the experiment, maintained ECM, tended to decrease feed efficiency, and increased enteric CH4 emissions, likely due to increased intake of digestible fiber, compared with CON.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - D E Wasson
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - L F Martins
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - S E Räisänen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - T Silvestre
- Kemin Industries, Singapore 758200, Singapore
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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2
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Martins LF, Cueva SF, Wasson DE, Silvestre T, Stepanchenko N, Hile ML, Hristov AN. Separate offering of forages and concentrates to lactating dairy cows: Effects on lactational performance, enteric methane emission, and efficiency of nutrient utilization. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4587-4604. [PMID: 38942562 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of separate offering of feed ingredients (SF) and frequency of concentrate feeding versus offering a TMR, on lactational performance, ruminal fermentation, enteric CH4 emissions, nutrient digestibility, N use efficiency, milk fatty acid profile, and blood variables in mid-lactation dairy cows. Twenty-four Holstein cows (12 primi- and 12 multiparous) averaging (±SD) 141 ± 35 DIM and 43 ± 6 kg/d of milk yield (MY) at the beginning of the study were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design experiment with 3 periods of 28 d each, composed of 7 d for adaptation to the diets, 11 d for estimation of net energy and metabolizable protein requirements, and 10 d for data and samples collection. Cows were grouped based on parity, DIM, and MY into 4 Latin squares. Treatment allocation was balanced for carryover effects, and cows within square were assigned to (1) basal diet fed ad libitum as TMR; (2) basal diet fed as SF with forages fed ad libitum and concentrates fed 3×/d (SF×3); or (3) basal diet fed as SF with forages fed ad libitum and concentrates fed 6×/d (SF×6). Compared with TMR, SF decreased total DMI by 1.2 kg/d. Treatments did not affect MY, milk components, or ECM yield, except for a decrease in milk fat concentration and an increase in milk urea N by SF×3, compared with TMR. Feed efficiency (kg of MY/kg of DMI) was increased by 7% in SF, compared with TMR. Ruminal molar proportion of acetate and acetate-to-propionate ratio were decreased, whereas molar proportion of propionate was increased by SF×3, compared with TMR and SF×6. There was a 9% decrease in daily CH4 production by SF, compared with TMR. Enteric CH4 yield (per kg of DMI) was not affected by treatments in the current study. Methane intensity per kilogram of MY tended to be decreased by 10% in SF, compared with TMR. The sums of odd- and branched-chain, odd-chain, and anteiso milk fatty acids tended to be or were increased by SF, compared with TMR. Intake of nutrients tended to be or were decreased by SF, compared with TMR. The digestibility of amylase-treated NDF tended to be decreased and ADF digestibility was decreased by 3% in SF, compared with TMR. Urinary and fecal N excretions were not affected by treatments. As a percentage of total N intake, separate offering of feed ingredients increased milk N secretion, indicating an increased N use efficiency by SF, compared with TMR. Blood total fatty acid concentration was decreased by SF relative to TMR. Compared with both TMR and SF×6, SF×3 increased blood urea N concentration. Overall, feed and N use efficiencies were increased by separate offering of feed ingredients, and increasing the frequency of concentrate feeding promoted ruminal fermentation effects similar to those obtained by feeding a TMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Martins
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - D E Wasson
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - T Silvestre
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - N Stepanchenko
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - M L Hile
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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3
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Vadroňová M, Šťovíček A, Výborná A, Tyrolová Y, Tichá D, Joch M. Insights into Effects of Combined Capric and Lauric Acid on Rumen Bacterial Composition. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1085. [PMID: 38930467 PMCID: PMC11206137 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study used next-generation sequencing to assess the impact of combined capric acid (C10) and lauric acid (C12) on the ruminal bacterial composition. Eight Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two groups using a cross-over design. The cows were fed two silage-based diets with the addition of either 100 g of stearic acid per cow per day (control), or 50 g of capric acid and 50 g of lauric acid per cow per day (C10 + C12). On day 18, 250 mL of rumen fluid was collected from each cow, and DNA was isolated, amplified, and sequenced. Treatment did not alter bacterial diversity indices, the relative abundance of archaea, nor the fiber-degrading microorganisms, except for a decrease in Fibrobacter (from 2.9% to 0.7%; p = 0.04). The relative abundance of Prevotellaceae decreased (from 39.9% to 29.6%; p = 0.009), which is notable because some members help to efficiently utilize ammonia by releasing it slowly into the rumen. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Clostridia increased (from 28.4% to 41.5%; p = 0.008), which may have aided the increased ammonia-nitrogen levels in the rumen, as this class contains hyperammonia-producing members. Our study reveals alterations in bacterial abundances with implications for rumen ammonia levels, offering insights into potential strategies for modulating rumen fermentation processes and methane production in ruminant livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Vadroňová
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (A.Š.); (D.T.)
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (Y.T.)
| | - Adam Šťovíček
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (A.Š.); (D.T.)
| | - Alena Výborná
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yvona Tyrolová
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (Y.T.)
| | - Denisa Tichá
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (A.Š.); (D.T.)
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (Y.T.)
| | - Miroslav Joch
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (A.Š.); (D.T.)
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (Y.T.)
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Martins LF, Cueva SF, Silvestre T, Stepanchenko N, Wasson DE, Wall E, Hristov AN. Lactational performance, enteric methane emission, and nutrient utilization of dairy cows supplemented with botanicals. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:242-257. [PMID: 38220436 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate lactational performance, enteric gas emissions, ruminal fermentation, nutrient use efficiency, milk fatty acid profile, and energy and inflammatory markers in blood of peak-lactation dairy cows fed diets supplemented with Capsicum oleoresin or a combination of Capsicum oleoresin and clove oil. A 10-wk randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with 18 primiparous and 30 multiparous Holstein cows. Cows were blocked based on parity, days in milk, and milk yield (MY), and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (16 cows/treatment): (1) basal diet (CON); (2) basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/cow per day of Capsicum oleoresin (CAP); and (3) basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/cow per day of a combination of Capsicum oleoresin and clove oil (CAPCO). Premixes containing ground corn (CON), CAP, or CAPCO were mixed daily with the basal diet at 0.8% of dry matter intake (DMI). Supplementation of the diet with CAP or CAPCO did not affect DMI, MY, milk components, and feed efficiency of the cows. Body weight (BW) was increased during the last 2 wk of the experiment by CAP and CAPCO, compared with CON. The botanicals improved BW gain (0.85 and 0.66 kg/d for CAP and CAPCO, respectively, compared with -0.01 kg/d for CON) and CAP enhanced the efficiency of energy utilization, compared with CON (94.5% vs. 78.4%, respectively). Daily CH4 emission was not affected by treatments, but CH4 emission yield (per kg of DMI) and intensity (per kg of MY) were decreased by up to 11% by CAPCO supplementation, compared with CON and CAP. A treatment × parity interaction indicated that the CH4 mitigation effect was pronounced in primiparous but not in multiparous cows. Ruminal molar proportion of propionate was decreased by botanicals, compared with CON. Concentrations of trans-10 C18:1 and total trans fatty acids in milk fat were decreased by CAP and tended to be decreased by CAPCO, compared with CON. Total-tract apparent digestibility of nutrients was not affected by treatments, except for a tendency for decreased starch digestibility in cows supplemented with botanicals. Blood concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, total fatty acids, and insulin were not affected by botanicals. Blood haptoglobin concentration was increased by CAP in multiparous but not in primiparous cows. Lactational performance of peak-lactation dairy cows was not affected by the botanicals in this study, but they appeared to improve efficiency of energy utilization and partitioned energy toward BW gain. In addition, CH4 yield and intensity were decreased in primiparous cows fed CAPCO, suggesting a potential positive environmental effect of the combination of Capsicum oleoresin and clove oil supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Martins
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - T Silvestre
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - N Stepanchenko
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - D E Wasson
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - E Wall
- AVT Natural North America, Santa Clara, CA 95054
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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Dixit S, Kumar S, Sharma R, Banakar PS, Singh M, Keshri A, Tyagi AK. Rumen multi-omics addressing diet-host-microbiome interplay in farm animals: a review. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3187-3205. [PMID: 35713100 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2078979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Continuous improvement in the living standards of developing countries, calls for an urgent need of high quality meat and dairy products. The farm animals have a micro-ecosystem in gastro-intestinal tract, comprising of a wide variety of flora and fauna which converts roughages and agricultural byproducts as well as nutrient rich concentrate sources into the useful products such as volatile fatty acids and microbial crude proteins. The microbial diversity changes according to composition of the feed, host species/breed and host's individual genetic makeup. From culture methods to next-generation sequencing technologies, the knowledge has emerged a lot to know-how of microbial world viz. their identification, enzymatic activities and metabolites which are the keys of ruminant's successful existence. The structural composition of ruminal community revealed through metagenomics can be elaborated by metatranscriptomics and metabolomics through deciphering their functional role in metabolism and their responses to the external and internal stimuli. These highly sophisticated analytical tools have made possible to correlate the differences in the feed efficiency, nutrients utilization and methane emissions to their rumen microbiome. The comprehensively understood rumen microbiome will enhance the knowledge in the fields of animal nutrition, biotechnology and climatology through deciphering the significance of each and every domain of residing microbial entity. The present review undertakes the recent investigations regarding rumen multi-omics viz. taxonomic and functional potential of microbial populations, host-diet-microbiome interactions and correlation with metabolic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Dixit
- Rumen Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Ritu Sharma
- Rumen Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - P S Banakar
- Rumen Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, India
| | - Anchal Keshri
- Rumen Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - A K Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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Silvestre T, Martins LF, Cueva SF, Wasson DE, Stepanchenko N, Räisänen SE, Sommai S, Hile ML, Hristov AN. Lactational performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient use efficiency, enteric methane emissions, and manure greenhouse gas-emitting potential in dairy cows fed a blend of essential oils. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7661-7674. [PMID: 37641269 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of an essential oil (EO) blend on lactational performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization, blood variables, enteric methane emissions and manure greenhouse gas-emitting potential in dairy cows. A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with 26 primiparous and 22 multiparous Holstein cows. A 2-wk covariate and a 2-wk adaptation periods preceded a 10-wk experimental period used for data and sample collection. Treatments were: (1) basal diet supplemented with placebo (CON); and (2) basal diet supplemented with a blend of EO containing eugenol and geranyl acetate as main compounds. Supplementation with EO did not affect dry matter intake, milk and energy-corrected milk yields, and feed efficiency of cows, compared with CON. Milk fat and lactose concentrations were increased, and milk total solids (TS) concentration and milk fat yield tended to be increased by EO. Multiparous cows supplemented with EO tended to have slightly decreased dry matter and crude protein digestibility compared with CON multiparous cows. There was a tendency for increased ruminal pH by EO, whereas other rumen fermentation variables did not differ between treatments. Daily methane emission was not affected by EO supplementation, but methane emission intensity per kg of milk fat was decreased by 8.5% by EO. Methane emission intensity per kg of milk lactose and milk TS were decreased and methane emission intensity per kg of milk yield tended to be decreased by up to 10% in EO multiparous cows, but not in primiparous cows. The greenhouse gas-emitting potential of manure was not affected by EO supplementation. Compared with CON, fecal nitrogen excretion was increased by EO supplementation in multiparous, but not in primiparous cows, and milk nitrogen secretion (as a % of nitrogen intake) tended to be increased in EO supplemented cows. Blood variables were not affected by EO supplementation in the current study. Overall, dietary supplementation of EO did not affect lactational performance of the cows, although milk fat and lactose concentrations were increased. Most enteric methane emission metrics were not affected, but EO decreased methane intensity per kg of milk fat by 8.5%, compared with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Silvestre
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - L F Martins
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - D E Wasson
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - N Stepanchenko
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - S E Räisänen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - S Sommai
- Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Thailand 40002
| | - M L Hile
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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Islam MZ, Giannoukos S, Räisänen SE, Wang K, Ma X, Wahl F, Zenobi R, Niu M. Exhaled volatile fatty acids, ruminal methane emission, and their diurnal patterns in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6849-6859. [PMID: 37210352 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To date, the commonly used methods to assess rumen fermentation are invasive. Exhaled breath contains hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that can reflect animal physiological processes. In the present study, for the first time, we aimed to use a noninvasive metabolomics approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify rumen fermentation parameters in dairy cows. Enteric methane (CH4) production from 7 lactating cows was measured 8 times over 3 consecutive days using the GreenFeed system (C-Lock Technology Inc.). Simultaneously, exhalome samples were collected in Tedlar gas sampling bags and analyzed offline using a secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry system. In total, 1,298 features were detected, among them targeted exhaled volatile fatty acids (eVFA; i.e., acetate, propionate, butyrate), which were putatively annotated using their exact mass-to-charge ratio. The intensity of eVFA, in particular acetate, increased immediately after feeding and followed a similar pattern to that observed for ruminal CH4 production. The average total eVFA concentration was 35.5 count per second (CPS), and among the individual eVFA, acetate had the greatest concentration, averaging 21.3 CPS, followed by propionate at 11.5 CPS, and butyrate at 2.67 CPS. Further, exhaled acetate was on average the most abundant of the individual eVFA at around 59.3%, followed by 32.5 and 7.9% of the total eVFA for propionate and butyrate, respectively. This corresponds well with the previously reported proportions of these VFA in the rumen. The diurnal patterns of ruminal CH4 emission and individual eVFA were characterized using a linear mixed model with cosine function fit. The model characterized similar diurnal patterns for eVFA and ruminal CH4 and H2 production. Regarding the diurnal patterns of eVFA, the phase (time of peak) of butyrate occurred first, followed by that of acetate and propionate. Importantly, the phase of total eVFA occurred around 1 h before that of ruminal CH4. This corresponds well with existing data on the relationship between rumen VFA production and CH4 formation. Results from the present study revealed a great potential to assess the rumen fermentation of dairy cows using exhaled metabolites as a noninvasive proxy for rumen VFA. Further validation, with comparisons to rumen fluid, and establishment of the proposed method are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Islam
- ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Giannoukos
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Analytical Chemistry, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - S E Räisänen
- ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Wang
- ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - X Ma
- ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Wahl
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Agroscope, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Zenobi
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Analytical Chemistry, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Niu
- ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Lazzari G, Münger A, Eggerschwiler L, Borda-Molina D, Seifert J, Camarinha-Silva A, Schrade S, Zähner M, Zeyer K, Kreuzer M, Dohme-Meier F. Effects of Acacia mearnsii added to silages differing in nutrient composition and condensed tannins on ruminal and manure-derived methane emissions of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6816-6833. [PMID: 37500448 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of acacia (extract of Acacia mearnsii) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) as condensed tannin (CT)-rich sources on ruminal and manure methane (CH4) emissions in comparison with non-CT silages characterized by different contents of the cell wall and water-soluble carbohydrates. In a 3 × 6 incomplete Latin square design, 30 Holstein cows (63 ± 23 d in milk; mean ± SD; 33.8 ± 7.6 kg of milk per day, body weight 642 ± 81 kg) were provided with ad libitum access to 1 of 6 total mixed rations comprising 790 g of silage and 210 g of concentrate per kilogram of dry matter (DM). The silages were either rich in sainfoin [neutral detergent fiber (NDF): 349 g/kg of DM], perennial ryegrass (NDF: 420 g/kg of DM), or red clover (NDF: 357 g/kg of DM). Each silage was supplemented with 20 g/kg (of total diet DM) of acacia or straw meal. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk composition and ruminal fluid characteristics and microbiota were analyzed. The individual ruminal CH4 production was determined using the GreenFeed system, and CH4 emissions from the manure of cows fed the same diets were measured in a parallel experiment over 30 d at 25°C using a dynamic flux chamber. The CT sources did not reduce CH4 yield or emission intensity. Acacia reduced milk production (from 26.3 to 23.2 kg/d) and DM intake (from 19.7 to 16.7 kg/d) when supplemented with ryegrass, and both CT sources reduced the milk protein content and yield. Acacia supplementation and ryegrass silage reduced the ruminal acetate:propionate ratio. Furthermore, during acacia treatment, the abundance of Methanobrevibacter archaea tended to be lower and that of Thermoplasmata was higher. Acacia reduced the CH4 emissions from manure for the ryegrass group by 17% but not for the sainfoin and clover groups. Feeding sainfoin silage resulted in the lowest manure-derived CH4 emissions (-47% compared with ryegrass). In conclusion, acacia reduced ruminal CH4 production by 10%, but not emission intensity, and the mitigation effect of sainfoin depended on the silage to which it was compared. Because mitigation was partially associated with animal productivity losses, careful evaluation is required before the implementation of tanniferous feeds in farm practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lazzari
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux and 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - A Münger
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux and 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - L Eggerschwiler
- Research Contracts Animals, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | - D Borda-Molina
- Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Seifert
- Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Camarinha-Silva
- Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Schrade
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux and 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - M Zähner
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux and 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - K Zeyer
- Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - M Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - F Dohme-Meier
- Ruminant Nutrition and Emissions, Agroscope, 1725 Posieux and 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland.
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Nishihara K, van Niekerk J, Innes D, He Z, Cánovas A, Guan LL, Steele M. Transcriptome profiling revealed that key rumen epithelium functions change in relation to short-chain fatty acids and rumen epithelium-attached microbiota during the weaning transition. Genomics 2023; 115:110664. [PMID: 37286013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to characterize the functional changes of the rumen epithelium associated with ruminal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration and epithelium-attached microbes during the weaning transition in dairy calves. Ruminal SCFA concentrations were determined, and transcriptome and microbiota profiling in biopsied rumen papillae were obtained from Holstein calves before and after weaning using RNA- and amplicon sequencing. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that pathways related to SCFA metabolism and cell apoptosis were up- and down-regulated postweaning, respectively. Functional analysis showed that genes related to SCFA absorption, metabolism, and protective roles against oxidative stress were positively correlated with ruminal SCFA concentrations. The relative abundance of epithelium-attached Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and Campylobacter was positively correlated with genes involved in SCFA absorption and metabolism, suggesting that these microbes can cooperatively affect host functions. Future research should examine the contribution of attenuated apoptosis on rumen epithelial functional shifts during the weaning transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Nishihara
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
| | - Jolet van Niekerk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - David Innes
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
| | - Zhixiong He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Angela Cánovas
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Michael Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada.
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10
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Stepanchenko N, Stefenoni H, Hennessy M, Nagaraju I, Wasson DE, Cueva SF, Räisänen SE, Dechow CD, Pitta DW, Hristov AN. Microbial composition, rumen fermentation parameters, enteric methane emissions, and lactational performance of phenotypically high and low methane-emitting dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6146-6170. [PMID: 37479584 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to investigate the relation of high and low methane-yield phenotypes with body weight (BW), dry matter intake (DMI), lactation performance, enteric CH4 emissions, and rumen fermentation parameters in lactating dairy cows. A total of 130 multi- and primiparous Holstein cows were screened for enteric CH4 emissions using the GreenFeed system (C-Lock Inc.). Out of these 130 cows, 5 were identified as phenotypically high (HM) and 5 as phenotypically low (LM) CH4 emitters. Cows in the LM group had lower daily enteric CH4 emissions than cows in the HM group (on average 346 vs. 439 g/d, respectively), lower CH4 yield (15.5 vs. 20.4 g of CH4/kg of DMI), and CH4 intensity (13.2 vs. 17.0 g of CH4/ kg of energy-corrected milk yield). Enteric emissions of CO2 and H2 did not differ between HM and LM cows. These 10 cows were blocked by parity, days in milk, and milk production, and were used in a 5-wk randomized complete block design experiment. Milk composition, production, and BW were also not different between LM and HM cows. The concentration of total volatile fatty acids in ruminal contents did not differ between CH4 phenotypes, but LM cows had a lower molar proportion of acetate (57 vs. 62.1%), a higher proportion of propionate (27.5 vs. 21.6%, respectively), and therefore a lower acetate-to-propionate ratio than HM cows. Consistently, the 16S cDNA analysis revealed the abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and unclassified Veillonellaceae to be higher in LM cows compared with HM cows, bacteria that were positively correlated with ruminal propionate concentration. Notably, Succinivibrionaceae trigger the formation of propionate via oxaloacetate pathway from phosphoenolpyruvate via Enzyme Commission: 4.1.1.49, which showed a trend to be higher in LM cows compared with HM cows. Additionally, LM cows possessed fewer transcripts of a gene encoding for methyl-CoM reductase enzyme compared with HM. In this study, low and high CH4-yield cows have similar production performance and milk composition, but total-tract apparent digestibility of organic matter and fiber fractions was lower in the former group of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Stepanchenko
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - H Stefenoni
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - M Hennessy
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 193482
| | - I Nagaraju
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 193482
| | - D E Wasson
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - S E Räisänen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - C D Dechow
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - D W Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 193482.
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
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11
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da Cunha LL, Monteiro HF, Figueiredo CC, Canisso IF, Bicalho RC, Cardoso FC, Weimer BC, Lima FS. Characterization of rumen microbiome and metabolome from oro-esophageal tubing and rumen cannula in Holstein dairy cows. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5854. [PMID: 37041192 PMCID: PMC10090163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Less invasive rumen sampling methods, such as oro-esophageal tubing, became widely popular for exploring the rumen microbiome and metabolome. However, it remains unclear if such methods represent well the rumen contents from the rumen cannula technique. Herein, we characterized the microbiome and metabolome in the rumen content collected by an oro-esophageal tube and by rumen cannula in ten multiparous lactating Holstein cows. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Untargeted metabolome was characterized using gas chromatography of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the top three most abundant phyla representing ~ 90% of all samples. Although the pH of oro-esophageal samples was greater than rumen cannula, we found no difference in alpha and beta-diversity among their microbiomes. The overall metabolome of oro-esophageal samples was slightly different from rumen cannula samples yet more closely related to the rumen cannula content as a whole, including its fluid and particulate fractions. Enrichment pathway analysis revealed a few differences between sampling methods, such as when evaluating unsaturated fatty acid pathways in the rumen. The results of the current study suggest that oro-esophageal sampling can be a proxy to screen the 16S rRNA rumen microbiome compared to the rumen cannula technique. The variation introduced by the 16S rRNA methodology may be mitigated by oro-esophageal sampling and the possibility of increasing experimental units for a more consistent representation of the overall microbial population. Studies should consider an under or over-representation of metabolites and specific metabolic pathways depending on the sampling method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais L da Cunha
- Department of Forage Plants and Agrometeorology, Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hugo F Monteiro
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Caio C Figueiredo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive, and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164, USA
| | - Igor F Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rodrigo C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Felipe C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bart C Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Fabio S Lima
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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12
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Li Y, Gao J, Lv J, Lambo MT, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y. Replacing soybean meal with high-oil pumpkin seed cake in the diet of lactating Holstein dairy cows modulated rumen bacteria and milk fatty acid profile. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1803-1814. [PMID: 36710188 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the effects of replacing soybean meal with high-oil pumpkin seed cake (HOPSC) on ruminal fermentation, lactation performance, milk fatty acid, and ruminal bacterial community in Chinese dairy cows. Six multiparous Chinese Holstein cows at 105.50 ± 5.24 d in milk (mean ± standard deviation) and 36.63 ± 0.74 kg/d of milk yield were randomly allocated, in a 3 × 3 Latin square design, to 3 dietary treatments in which HOPSC replaced soybean meal. Group 1 was the basal diet with no HOPSC (0HOPSC); group 2 was a 50% replacement of soybean meal with HOPSC and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS; 50HOPSC), and group 3 was a 100% replacement of soybean meal with HOPSC and DDGS (100HOPSC). We found no difference in the quantity of milk produced or milk composition among the 3 treatment groups. Feed efficiency tended to increase linearly as more HOPSC was consumed. In addition, rumen fermentation was not influenced when soybean meal was replaced with HOPSC and DDGS; the relative abundance of ruminal bacteria at the phylum and genus levels was altered. We also observed that as the level of HOPSC supplementation increased, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Tenericutes linearly increased, whereas that of Bacteroidetes decreased. However, with increasing HOPSC supplementation, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus decreased linearly at the genus level in the rumen, and the relative abundance of Prevotella showed a linear downward tendency. Changes in dietary composition and rumen bacteria had no significant effect on the fatty acid composition of milk. In conclusion, our results indicated that replacing soybean meal with a combination of HOPSC and DDGS can meet the nutritional needs of high-yielding dairy cows without adversely affecting milk yield and quality; however, the composition of rumen bacteria could be modified. Further study is required to investigate the effects of long-term feeding of HOPSC on rumen fermentation and performance of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianxu Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingyi Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Modinat Tolani Lambo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Research Institute of Applied Technologies, Honghe University, Mengzi 661199, China.
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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13
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Effects of Tanniferous Sainfoin and Acacia mearnsii extract on Urinary N Excretion and Ammonia Volatilization From the Slurry of Dairy Cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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de Freitas AS, Gan FC, de David DB, Wurdig Roesch LF. The microbiome shifts throughout the gastrointestinal tract of Bradford cattle in the Pampa biome. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279386. [PMID: 36538559 PMCID: PMC9767327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A deep understanding of the cattle gastrointestinal microbiome is crucial to selective breeding high-efficiency animals that produce more and generate less environmental damage. Here we performed the taxonomic identification of Bacterial and Archaeal communities using high throughput 16SrRNA gene sequencing from critical compartments of the gastrointestinal tract of Bradford cattle raised in a natural grassland in the Pampa biome, Brazil. We analyzed 110 samples, including saliva, ruminal fluid, and feces from 36 months old Bradford heifers (weighing on average 343 ± 30 kg by the sampling time). To reduce unexpected variation and confounders, we selected the animals from the same breed, submitted them to the same food source, and collected the samples for three consecutive years from different animals in the same season. Our main goal was to analyze the microbial shifts throughout the gastrointestinal tract to reference future works proposing management strategies and interventions to improve animal nutrition and increase production in the Pampa Biome. To accomplish our objective, we accessed the microbial community differences in groups with a high and low weight gain controlling for food ingestion and quality of grazed pasture. Few taxa were shared among the samples. About 40% of the phyla and 60% of the genera were unique from saliva samples, and 12.4% of the microbial genera were uniquely found in feces. All samples shared only 36.1% of phyla and 7.5% of genera. Differences in microbial diversity and taxa counts were observed. The ruminal fluid presented the lowest microbial richness, while saliva and feces presented the highest microbial richness. On the other hand, saliva and feces also presented more distinct communities between themselves when compared with ruminal samples. Our data showed that the saliva microbiome is not representative of the rumen microbiome and should not be used as an easy-to-collect sample for studies about the rumen microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flávia Caroline Gan
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia–CIP-Biotec, Campus São Gabriel, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diego Bittencourt de David
- Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária–DDPA, Secretaria Estadual da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural–SEADPR/RS, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Wurdig Roesch
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Marshall C, Beck M, Garrett K, Castillo A, Barrell G, Al-Marashdeh O, Gregorini P. The effect of feeding a mix of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins to heifers on rumen fermentation patterns, blood urea nitrogen, and amino acid profile. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Mahayri TM, Fliegerová KO, Mattiello S, Celozzi S, Mrázek J, Mekadim C, Sechovcová H, Kvasnová S, Atallah E, Moniello G. Host Species Affects Bacterial Evenness, but Not Diversity: Comparison of Fecal Bacteria of Cows and Goats Offered the Same Diet. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162011. [PMID: 36009603 PMCID: PMC9404439 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Comparison of bacterial diversity and composition of feces from cows and goats offered the same pasture-based diet revealed that the animal species had no effect on bacterial species richness and diversity, but significantly affected species evenness. Both diet and host species influence the gut microbiome. Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the diversity and composition of fecal bacteria in goats and cows offered the same diet and to evaluate the influence of animal species on the gut microbiome. A total of 17 female goats (Blond Adamellan) and 16 female cows (Brown Swiss) kept on an organic farm were fed pasture and hay. Bacterial structure in feces was examined by high-throughput sequencing using the V4–V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The Alpha diversity measurements of the bacterial community showed no statistical differences in species richness and diversity between the two groups of ruminants. However, the Pielou evenness index revealed a significant difference and showed higher species evenness in cows compared to goats. Beta diversity measurements showed statistical dissimilarities and significant clustering of bacterial composition between goats and cows. Firmicutes were the dominant phylum in both goats and cows, followed by Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetes. Linear discriminant analysis with effect size (LEfSe) showed a total of 36 significantly different taxa between goats and cows. Notably, the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae UCG-009, Ruminococcaceae UCG-013, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Ruminococcus 1, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Treponema 2, Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, and Bacillus was higher in goats compared to cows. In contrast, the relative abundance of Turicibacter, Solibacillus, Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, Negativibacillus, Lachnospiraceae UCG-006, and Eubacterium hallii group was higher in cows compared with goats. Our results suggest that diet shapes the bacterial community in feces, but the host species has a significant impact on community structure, as reflected primarily in the relative abundance of certain taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Maria Mahayri
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Kateřina Olša Fliegerová
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-267-090-504
| | - Silvana Mattiello
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Celozzi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jakub Mrázek
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Chahrazed Mekadim
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Sechovcová
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Kvasnová
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elie Atallah
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Moniello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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17
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Dai X, Kalscheur KF, Huhtanen P, Faciola AP. Effects of ruminal protozoa on methane emissions in ruminants-A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7482-7491. [PMID: 35931473 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different ruminal protozoa (RP) on CH4 emissions from ruminants were evaluated in a meta-analysis, using 64 publications reporting data from 79 in vivo experiments. Experiments included in the database reported CH4 emissions (g/d) and total RP (TRP, log10 cells/mL) from the same group of animals. The relationship between CH4 emissions and RP (TRP, entodiniomorphids, and isotrichids), and TRP-, entodiniomorphid-, and isotrichid-based CH4 emission prediction models, were evaluated as mixed models with experiment as a random effect and weighted by the reciprocal of the standard error of the mean and centered around one. Positive associations existed between TRP and isotrichids with CH4 emissions but not between entodiniomorphids and CH4 emissions. A reduction in CH4 emissions was observed, averaging 7.96 and 4.25 g/d, per log unit reduction in TRP and isotrichid concentrations, respectively. Total RP and isotrichids were important variables in predicting CH4 emissions from ruminants. Isotrichid CH4 prediction model was more robust than the TRP, evidenciated by lower predicted sigma hat study (%), and error (%), and with higher concordance correlation coefficient. Both TRP and isotrichid models can accurately predict CH4 emissions across different ruminant types, as shown by the low square root of the mean square prediction error, with 6.59 and 4.08% of the mean of root of the mean square prediction error in the TRP and isotrichid models, respectively. Our results confirm that isotrichids are more important than entodiniomorphids in methanogenesis. Distinguishing these 2 populations yielded a more robust CH4 prediction model than combining them as total protozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Dai
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, AL97TA, United Kingdom
| | - K F Kalscheur
- US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI 53706
| | - P Huhtanen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), 31600 Jokinen, Finland
| | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608.
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18
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Elolimy AA, Liang Y, Wilachai K, Alharthi AS, Paengkoum P, Trevisi E, Loor JJ. Residual feed intake in peripartal dairy cows is associated with differences in milk fat yield, ruminal bacteria, biopolymer hydrolyzing enzymes, and circulating biomarkers of immunometabolism. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:6654-6669. [PMID: 35840400 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI) measures feed efficiency independent of milk production level, and is typically calculated using data past peak lactation. In the current study, we retrospectively classified multiparous Holstein cows (n = 320) from 5 of our published studies into most feed-efficient (M-eff) or least feed-efficient (L-eff) groups using performance data collected during the peripartal period. Objectives were to assess differences in profiles of plasma biomarkers of immunometabolism, relative abundance of key ruminal bacteria, and activities of digestive enzymes in ruminal digesta between M-eff and L-eff cows. Individual data from cows with ad libitum access to a total mixed ration from d -28 to d +28 relative to calving were used. A linear regression model including dry matter intake (DMI), energy-corrected milk (ECM), changes in body weight (BW), and metabolic BW was used to classify cows based on RFI divergence into L-eff (n = 158) and M-eff (n = 162). Plasma collected from the coccygeal vessel at various times around parturition (L-eff = 60 cows; M-eff = 47 cows) was used for analyses of 30 biomarkers of immunometabolism. Ruminal digesta collected via esophageal tube (L-eff = 19 cows; M-eff = 29 cows) was used for DNA extraction and assessment of relative abundance (%) of 17 major bacteria using real-time PCR, as well as activity of cellulase, amylase, xylanase, and protease. The UNIVARIATE procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.) was used for analyses of RFI coefficients. The MIXED procedure of SAS was used for repeated measures analysis of performance, milk yield and composition, plasma immunometabolic biomarkers, ruminal bacteria, and enzyme activities. The M-eff cows consumed less DMI during the peripartal period compared with L-eff cows. In the larger cohort of cows, despite greater overall BW for M-eff cows especially in the prepartum (788 vs. 764 kg), no difference in body condition score was detected due to RFI or the interaction of RFI × time. Milk fat content (4.14 vs. 3.75 ± 0.06%) and milk fat yield (1.75 vs. 1.62 ± 0.04 kg) were greater in M-eff cows. Although cumulative ECM yield did not differ due to RFI (1,138 vs. 1,091 ± 21 kg), an RFI × time interaction due to greater ECM yield was found in M-eff cows. Among plasma biomarkers studied, concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, bilirubin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, myeloperoxidase, and reactive oxygen metabolites were overall greater, and glucose, paraoxonase, and IL-6 were lower in M-eff compared with L-eff cows. Among bacteria studied, abundance of Ruminobacter amylophilus and Prevotella ruminicola were more than 2-fold greater in M-eff cows. Despite lower ruminal activity of amylase in M-eff cows in the prepartum, regardless of RFI, we observed a marked linear increase after calving in amylase, cellulase, and xylanase activities. Protease activity did not differ due to RFI, time, or RFI × time. Despite greater concentrations of biomarkers reflective of negative energy balance and inflammation, higher feed efficiency measured as RFI in peripartal dairy cows might be associated with shifts in ruminal bacteria and amylase enzyme activity. Further studies could help address such factors, including the roles of the liver and the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Elolimy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Y Liang
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - K Wilachai
- Program of Animal science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand; Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - A S Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - P Paengkoum
- Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facolta di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Universita Cattolicadel Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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19
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Fresco S, Marie-Etancelin C, Meynadier A, Martinez Boggio G. Variation in Rumen Bacteria of Lacaune Dairy Ewes From One Week to the Next. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:848518. [PMID: 35814674 PMCID: PMC9260014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.848518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are the most abundant microorganisms in the rumen microbiota and play essential roles, mainly fermenting plant compounds that yield fatty acids. In this study, we aimed at assessing stability of both bacterial composition and of its associations with rumen and milk fatty acids phenotypes over a 1-week period. The study was performed using 118 Lacaune dairy ewes from the INRAE Experimental Unit of La Fage. Rumen and milk samples were obtained from the ewes twice, 1 week apart, and microbiota composition, volatile and long-chain fatty acid concentrations were analyzed. Bacterial composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and microbiota and fatty acids were analyzed as compositional data. As we worked with relative abundances expressed in a constrained space, the centered log-ratio transformation enabled to transform data to work with multivariate analyses in the Euclidian space. Bacterial composition differed between the 2 weeks of sampling, characterized by different proportions of the two main phyla, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The repeatability of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was low, although it varied significantly. However, 66 of them presented a repeatability of over 0.50 and were particularly associated with fatty acid phenotypes. Even though the OTUs from the same bacterial families presented similar correlations to fatty acids in both weeks, only a few OTUs were conserved over the 2 weeks. We proved with the help of sequencing data that there is significant change in microbial composition over a week in terms of abundance of different families of bacteria. Further studies are required to determine the impact of bacterial composition alterations over 1 week, and the specificities of the highly repeatable OTUs.
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Rumen sampling methods bias bacterial communities observed. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0258176. [PMID: 35511785 PMCID: PMC9070869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rumen is a complex ecosystem that plays a critical role in our efforts to improve feed efficiency of cattle and reduce their environmental impacts. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene provides a powerful tool to survey the bacterial and some archaeal. Oral stomach tubing a cow to collect a rumen sample is a rapid, cost-effective alternative to rumen cannulation for acquiring rumen samples. In this study, we determined how sampling method (oral stomach tubing vs cannulated grab sample), as well as rumen fraction type (liquid vs solid), bias the bacterial and archaeal communities observed. Liquid samples were further divided into liquid strained through cheesecloth and unstrained. Fecal samples were also collected to determine how these differed from the rumen sample types. The abundance of major archaeal communities was not different at the family level in samples acquired via rumen cannula or stomach tube. In contrast to the stable archaeal communities across sample type, the bacterial order WCHB1-41 (phylum Kiritimatiellaeota) was enriched in both liquid strained and unstrained samples as well as the family Prevotellaceae as compared to grab samples. However, these liquid samples had significantly lower abundance of Lachnospiraceae compared with grab samples. Solid samples strained of rumen liquid most closely resembled the grab samples containing both rumen liquid and solid particles obtained directly from the rumen cannula; therefore, inclusion of particulate matter is important for an accurate representation of the rumen bacteria. Stomach tube samples were the most variable and were most representative of the liquid phase. In comparison with a grab sample, stomach tube samples had significantly lower abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Fibrobacter and Treponema. Fecal samples did not reflect the community composition of the rumen, as fecal samples had significantly higher relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae and significantly lower relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae compared with grab samples.
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21
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Killerby MA, Almeida STR, Hollandsworth R, Guimaraes BC, Leon-Tinoco A, Perkins LB, Henry D, Schwartz TJ, Romero JJ. Effect of chemical and biological preservatives and ensiling stage on the dry matter loss, nutritional value, microbial counts, and ruminal in vitro gas production kinetics of wet brewer's grain silage. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6555706. [PMID: 35350073 PMCID: PMC9109006 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of chemical and biological preservatives and ensiling stage on spoilage, ruminal in vitro fermentation, and methane production of wet brewer's grain (WBG) silage. Treatments (TRT) were sodium lignosulfonate at 10 g/kg fresh WBG (NaL1) and 20 g/kg (NaL2), propionic acid at 5 g/kg fresh WBG (PRP, 99%), a combination inoculant (INO; Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus buchneri each at 4.9 log cfu/fresh WBG g), and untreated WBG (CON). Fresh WBG was treated and then ensiled for 60 d, after which mini silos were opened and aerobically exposed (AES) for 10 d. Data were analyzed as a RCBD (5 blocks) with a 5 TRT × 3 stages (STG; Fresh, Ensiled, and AES) factorial arrangement. Results showed that Ensiled PRP-treated WBG markedly preserved more water-soluble carbohydrates and starch than all other Ensiled TRT (P<0.001). Dry matter losses of Ensiled PRP-treated WBG were 48% lower than all other Ensiled TRT (P=0.009) but were not different than CON in AES (P=0.350). Due to its greater concentration of digestible nutrients, PRP-treated AES was less aerobically stable than CON (P=0.03). Preservation was not improved by INO, NaL1 or NaL2 but the latter prevented the increase of neutral detergent fiber across STG (P=0.392). Apparent in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) decreased only in Ensiled CON, INO and NaL1 relative to Fresh WBG and AES NaL2 had greater IVDMD than all other AES TRT (P≤0.032). In vitro ruminal fermentation of Fresh WBG resulted in a greater methane concentration and yield than the other STG (P<0.033). In conclusion, PRP was the most effective at preserving WBG during ensiling but failed to improve aerobic stability under the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie A Killerby
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Saulo T R Almeida
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Rachel Hollandsworth
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Bianca C Guimaraes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Angela Leon-Tinoco
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Lewis B Perkins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Darren Henry
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Thomas J Schwartz
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Juan J Romero
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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22
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Monteiro HF, Lelis ALJ, Fan P, Calvo Agustinho B, Lobo RR, Arce-Cordero JA, Dai X, Jeong KC, Faciola AP. Effects of lactic acid-producing bacteria as direct-fed microbials on the ruminal microbiome. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:2242-2255. [PMID: 34998552 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate ruminal microbiome changes associated with feeding Lactobacillus plantarum GB-LP1 as direct-fed microbials (DFM) in high-producing dairy cow diets. A dual-flow continuous culture system was used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. A basal diet was formulated to meet the requirements of a cow producing 45 kg of milk per day (16% crude protein and 28% starch). There were 4 experimental treatments: the basal diet without any DFM (CTRL); a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus, 1 × 109 cfu/g, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii, 2 × 109 cfu/g [MLP = 0.01% of diet dry matter (DM)]; and 2 different levels of L. plantarum, 1.35 × 109 cfu/g (L1 = 0.05% and L2 = 0.10% of diet DM). Bacterial samples were collected from the fluid and particulate effluents before feeding and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after feeding; a composite of all time points was made for each fermentor within their respective fractionations. Bacterial community composition was analyzed through sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequenced data were analyzed on DADA2, and statistical analyses were performed in R (RStudio 3.0.1, https://www.r-project.org/) and SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.); orthogonal contrasts were used to compare treatments. Different than in other fermentation scenarios (e.g., silage or beef cattle high-grain diets), treatments did not affect pH or lactic acid concentration. Effects were mainly from overall DFM inclusion, and they were mostly observed in the fluid phase. The relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes, family Lachnospiraceae, and 6 genera decreased with DFM inclusion, with emphasis on Butyrivibrio_2, Saccharofermentans, and Ruminococcus_1 that are fibrolytic and may display peptidase activity during fermentation. Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group and Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group also decreased in the fluid phase, and their relative abundances were positively correlated with NH3-N daily outflow from the fermentors. Specific effects of MLP and L. plantarum were mostly in specific bacteria associated with proteolytic and fibrolytic functions in the rumen. These findings help to explain why, in the previous results from this study, DFM inclusion decreased NH3-N concentration without altering pH and lactic acid concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Monteiro
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - A L J Lelis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, Brazil, 18618-681
| | - P Fan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - B Calvo Agustinho
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - R R Lobo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - J A Arce-Cordero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - X Dai
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; Department of Clinical Science Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK, NW1 0TU
| | - K C Jeong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
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23
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Parra MC, Costa D, Meale SJ, Silva LFP. Rumen bacteria and feed efficiency of beef cattle fed diets with different protein content. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Cao Y, Zhu B, Li F, Zhang D, Guo T, Li F, Yang G. The Destruction of the Anaerobic Environment Caused by Rumen Fistula Surgery Leads to Differences in the Rumen Microbial Diversity and Function of Sheep. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:754195. [PMID: 34926637 PMCID: PMC8671607 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.754195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was to study the impact of rumen fistula surgery on the rumen microbios in sheep. Six male adult Hu sheep (48.8 ± 0.23 kg, 0.5 years) were fed at 0700 and 1,800 with ad libitum access to water. The rumen fistula was installed in the same batch from 0600 to 0900. Monitoring the dry mater intake and the output of dry mater faces 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 days after fistulated surgery. The collection of rumen fluid was arranged at 1d during rumen surgery (DRS1), 3d after rumen surgery (ARS3), and 14d after rumen surgery (ARS14) for volatile fatty acid (VFA) and DNA extraction for sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. There was no difference in DMI, the pH apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber both before and 14 days after surgery. Increases were observed in the acetate and total VFA at ARS3. There was no difference in digestion of dry material, organic material, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber before and after surgery. The relative abundance of Bacteroides decreased from 61.96% at DRS1 to 28.85% at ARS3. In comparison with the DRS1 and ARS3, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the ARS14 increased to 44.58% (P < 0.01). Proteobacteria increased from 11.33% at DRS1 to 51.66% at ARS3 and then decreased to 11.39% at ARS14. Prevotella decreased form 61.06% at DRS1 to 28.04% in the ARS3. Succinivibrio increased from 8.32% at DRS1 to 48.58% at ARS3, but decreased to 10.43% in the ARS14. Compared with DRS1 and ARS3, the ARS14 was higher in the Simpson and Shannon index. As for the BugBase function prediction, rumen fistula surgery increased the microorganism abundance of aerobic and facultative anaerobic phenotype, and anaerobic phenotype was decreased in the ARS3. There was higher microorganism abundance of aerobic phenotype in the ARS14 than before fistula installation. In conclusion, the rumen fistula surgery destroys the anaerobic environment of rumen, leading to differences in rumen microbial diversity and function, but the apparent digestibility and total VFA were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baozhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Duihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tongqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fadi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guo Yang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Indugu N, Hennessy M, Kaplan-Shabtai V, de Assis Lage C, Räisänen S, Melgar A, Nedelkov K, Chen X, Oh J, Vecchiarelli B, Bender J, Hristov A, Pitta D. Comparing noninvasive sampling techniques with standard cannula sampling method for ruminal microbial analysis. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:329-333. [PMID: 36337103 PMCID: PMC9623630 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ruminal cannula is the gold standard for sampling rumen contents but is limited to few animals. Noninvasive methods are needed as proxy for cannula to enable sampling larger numbers of cows. Saliva, rumination bolus, tube-derived rumen samples, and feces were compared with cannula samples. Microbial community in the solid fraction of tube samples mirrored that of cannula samples. Rumination bolus may serve as a proxy for cannula samples under certain conditions.
Rumen microbes play an important role in the conversion of indigestible plant material to energy and protein in dairy cows. Sampling for ruminal contents via cannula is considered the gold standard technique for microbial analysis, but the technique requires ruminally cannulated animals and specialized animal facilities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether other sampling methods and locations along the digestive tract may serve as noninvasive proxies to the cannula method for microbial analysis. Six ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein dairy cows were adapted to a standard total mixed ration for 2 wk and sampled during the third week. Sampling locations and methods included salivary content, rumination bolus (regurgitated digesta collected from the cow's mouth), feces, and rumen contents via stomach tube and cannula. Stomach tube and cannula samples differ in proportions of solid and liquid material and were therefore separated into whole (as collected), liquid, and solid fractions. Samples were collected at 0 (before feeding), 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h after feeding over 2 d. All samples were extracted for total genomic DNA and selected samples for metabolically active DNA (RNA), PCR-amplified for the V1-V2 region of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene, and analyzed for bacterial diversity using the QIIME2 pipeline followed by statistical analysis in R (https://www.R-project.org/). In DNA-based analysis, at the community level, saliva, rumination bolus, and fecal samples clustered in separate groups, whereas all fractions of stomach tube and cannula samples clustered together, indicating that microbial communities of stomach tube and cannula samples were homogeneous. Rumination bolus samples at 6, 8, and 12 h after feeding clustered with stomach tube and cannula samples, indicating that rumination bolus samples may be an alternative for cannula samples; however, time of sampling is critical for sampling of bolus digesta. Results of the RNA-based analysis of rumination bolus samples and solid samples from cannula and stomach tube at 0 and 6 h after feeding were similar. We concluded that the solid fraction of samples obtained via the stomach tube method may serve as a proxy for the solid fraction of whole ruminal contents obtained via cannula for DNA-based microbial investigations. Both rumination bolus and stomach tube solid samples may serve as proxies for cannula solid samples for RNA-based microbial analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Indugu
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - M. Hennessy
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - V.S. Kaplan-Shabtai
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - C.F. de Assis Lage
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - S.E. Räisänen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - A. Melgar
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - K. Nedelkov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - X. Chen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - J. Oh
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - B. Vecchiarelli
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - J.S. Bender
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - A.N. Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - D.W. Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
- Corresponding author
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Wang H, Du H, Xie H, Zhu J, Zeng S, Igarashi Y, Luo F. Dual-chamber differs from single-chamber microbial electrosynthesis in biogas production performance under low temperature (15℃). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125377. [PMID: 34098501 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, single-chamber and dual-chamber Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) with carbon fiber brushes as electrodes were operated at 15°C to compare and analyze the difference in methanogenic performance. Metatranscriptomic analysis showed that the relative abundance of electroactive microorganisms Syntrophomonas, Pseudomonas and Bacteroides in each group exceeded 90%, while the abundance of Geobacter was less than 4%. Acetoclastic methanogens Methahnosarcina was more enriched in dual-chamber MES (61.74%~70.42%), and Methanothrix showed higher abundance in single-chamber MES (33.44%~51.71%). Methahnosarcina and Methanothrix could interact with electroactive microorganisms to improve the electron transfer efficiency through direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). Analysis of the methane metabolic pathways of low-temperature MES found acetoclastic pathway was domination, and single-chamber MES achieved acetate to acetyl-CoA through acetate-CoA ligase (EC: 6.2.1.1), whereas dual-chamber MES was by acetate kinase (EC: 2.7.2.1) and phosphate acetyltransferase (EC: 2.3.1.8). These results are beneficial to further research on the treatment of low-temperature wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongxia Du
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haiyin Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiemin Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shufang Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yasuo Igarashi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Gallo A, Ghilardelli F, Doupovec B, Faas J, Schatzmayr D, Masoero F. Kinetics of gas production in the presence of Fusarium mycotoxins in rumen fluid of lactating dairy cows. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:243-247. [PMID: 36338385 PMCID: PMC9623688 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Toxins produced by Fusarium can be commonly detected in ruminant diets. Deoxynivalenol and fumonisins in the diet interfere with rumen microbiota. The presence of a mycotoxin-deactivating product counteracted negative effects.
Little is known about the effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on the fermentation potential of rumen fluid sampled from lactating dairy cows ingesting diets contaminated at regular levels of these mycotoxins (i.e., contamination levels that can normally be found on dairy farms). In the current experiment, rumen donor animals received diets contaminated with both deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FB) with or without a mycotoxin-deactivating product. The rumen fluid donor animals were 12 lactating Holstein dairy cows that received one of 3 experimental diets in agreement with a 3 × 3 Latin square design (3 periods and 3 treatments). The 3 diets were as follows: (1) a TMR contaminated with a regular level of Fusarium mycotoxins [340.5 ± 161.0 µg of DON/kg of dry matter (DM) and 127.9 ± 43.9 µg of FB/kg of DM; control diet, CTR], (2) a TMR contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins at levels higher than CTR but below US and European Union guidelines (733.0 ± 213.6 µg of DON/kg of DM and 994.4 ± 323.2 µg of FB/kg of DM; MTX), and (3) the MTX diet (897.3 ± 230.4 µg of DON/kg of DM and 1,247.1 ± 370.2 µg of FB/kg of DM) supplemented with a mycotoxin-deactivator product (Mycofix, Biomin Holding GmbH; 35 g/animal per day; MDP). Each experimental period lasted 21 d, and rumen fluid was individually sampled from all cows on the last day of each intoxication period. Then, the 4 rumen fluids sampled from cows receiving the same experimental diets were pooled into a single rumen inoculum, which was used in the in vitro gas production test. For the gas production test, 3 different rumen inocula (i.e., CTR, MTX, and MDP) were buffered (buffer:rumen ratio of 2:1, vol/vol) and then used in 3 fermentation runs to evaluate gas production dynamics in the presence of 8 feeds (i.e., corn meal, barley meal, corn silage, sorghum silage, alfalfa hay, ryegrass hay, dry brewers barley grains, and dried distillers grains with solubles). The kinetic parameters of gas production and volatile fatty acid concentrations were evaluated at the end of fermentation. The block run (i.e., fermentation day) effect influenced all of the fermentative and kinetic parameters. Greater final volumes or rates of gas production over time were observed for MDP compared with MTX rumen inocula (i.e., 172.6 vs. 147.8 mL/g of organic matter or 0.078 vs. 0.063 h−1, respectively). However, the increase in rate of gas production was not consistent among tested feeds, meaning that a treatment by feed interaction was observed. Volatile fatty acid concentrations were not different among treatments, except for a slight increase of acetic acid in CTR compared with MTX (i.e., 71.0 vs. 67.9 mmol/L). This study showed that Fusarium-produced mycotoxins negatively affected the kinetics of gas production in feeds, whereas the presence of the mycotoxin-deactivator product in the diets of donor animals resulted in an increase in rumen fermentation potential, thus safeguarding the rumen environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gallo
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Corresponding author
| | - F. Ghilardelli
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - B. Doupovec
- Biomin Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - J. Faas
- Biomin Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - D. Schatzmayr
- Biomin Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - F. Masoero
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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Hernández R, Jimenez H, Vargas-Garcia C, Caro-Quintero A, Reyes A. Disentangling the Complexity of the Rumen Microbial Diversity Through Fractionation Using a Sucrose Density Gradient. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:664754. [PMID: 34305833 PMCID: PMC8297521 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.664754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ruminal microbial community is an important element in health, nutrition, livestock productivity, and climate impact. Despite the historic and current efforts to characterize this microbial diversity, many of its members remain unidentified, making it challenging to associate microbial groups with functions. Here we present a low-cost methodology for rumen sample treatment that separates the microbial community based on cell size, allowing for the identification of subtle compositional changes. In brief, the sample is centrifuged through a series of sucrose density gradients, and cells migrate to their corresponding density fraction. From each fraction, DNA is extracted and 16S rRNA gene amplicons are sequenced. We tested our methodology on four animals under two different conditions, fasting, and post-feeding. Each fraction was examined by confocal microscopy showing that the same sucrose fraction consistently separated similar cell-sized microorganisms independent of the animal or treatment. Microbial composition analysis using metabarcoding showed that our methodology detected low abundance bacterial families and population changes between fasting and post-feeding treatments that could not be observed by bulk DNA analysis. In conclusion, the sucrose-based method is a powerful low-cost approximation to untwine, enrich, and potentially isolate uncharacterized members of the ruminal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hernández
- Computational Biology and Microbial Ecology Group, Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Animal Microbiology Laboratory, Agrodiversity Department, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hugo Jimenez
- Animal Microbiology Laboratory, Agrodiversity Department, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cesar Vargas-Garcia
- Grupo de Investigación en Sistemas Agropecuarios Sostenibles, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Caro-Quintero
- Animal Microbiology Laboratory, Agrodiversity Department, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Bogotá, Colombia.,Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Reyes
- Computational Biology and Microbial Ecology Group, Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Pitta DW, Melgar A, Hristov AN, Indugu N, Narayan KS, Pappalardo C, Hennessy ML, Vecchiarelli B, Kaplan-Shabtai V, Kindermann M, Walker N. Temporal changes in total and metabolically active ruminal methanogens in dairy cows supplemented with 3-nitrooxypropanol. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8721-8735. [PMID: 34024597 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP), a potent methane inhibitor, on total and metabolically active methanogens in the rumen of dairy cows over the course of the day and over a 12-wk period. Rumen contents of 8 ruminally cannulated early-lactation dairy cows were sampled at 2, 6, and 10 h after feeding during wk 4, 8, and 12 of a randomized complete block design experiment in which 3-NOP was fed at 60 mg/kg of feed dry matter. Cows (4 fed the control and 4 fed the 3-NOP diet) were blocked based on their previous lactation milk yield or predicted milk yield. Rumen samples were extracted for microbial DNA (total) and microbial RNA (metabolically active), PCR amplified for the 16S rRNA gene of archaea, sequenced on an Illumina platform, and analyzed for archaea diversity. In addition, the 16S copy number and 3 ruminal methanogenic species were quantified using the real-time quantitative PCR assay. We detected a difference between DNA and RNA (cDNA)-based archaea communities, revealing that ruminal methanogens differ in their metabolic activities. Within DNA and cDNA components, methanogenic communities differed by sampling hour, week, and treatment. Overall, Methanobrevibacter was the dominant genus (94.3%) followed by Methanosphaera, with the latter genus having greater abundance in the cDNA component (14.5%) compared with total populations (5.5%). Methanosphaera was higher at 2 h after feeding, whereas Methanobrevibacter increased at 6 and 10 h in both groups, showing diurnal patterns among individual methanogenic lineages. Methanobrevibacter was reduced at wk 4, whereas Methanosphaera was reduced at wk 8 and 12 in cows supplemented with 3-NOP compared with control cows, suggesting differential responses among methanogens to 3-NOP. A reduction in Methanobrevibacter ruminantium in all 3-NOP samples from wk 8 was confirmed using real-time quantitative PCR. The relative abundance of individual methanogens was driven by a combination of dietary composition, dry matter intake, and hydrogen concentrations in the rumen. This study provides novel information on the effects of 3-NOP on individual methanogenic lineages, but further studies are needed to understand temporal dynamics and to validate the effects of 3-NOP on individual lineages of ruminal methanogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348.
| | - A Melgar
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - N Indugu
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - K S Narayan
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - C Pappalardo
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - M L Hennessy
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - B Vecchiarelli
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - V Kaplan-Shabtai
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - M Kindermann
- Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - N Walker
- Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
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