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Wang C, Li M, Chen X, Fan S, Lan J. Binding Analysis of Sf-SR-C MAM Domain and Sf-FGFR Ectodomain to Vip3Aa. INSECTS 2024; 15:428. [PMID: 38921143 PMCID: PMC11203654 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa has been widely used in transgenic crops to resist the erosion of insects. The Scavenger Receptor-C (SR-C) and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-SR-C and Sf-FGFR) have formerly been identified as the cell receptors of Vip3Aa. However, the interaction mechanism of Vip3Aa binding to Sf-SR-C or Sf-FGFR is still unknown. Here, we purified the MAM domain of Sf-SR-C (Sf-MAM) and the Sf-FGFR ectodomain expressed extracellularly by Sf9 cells. We then solved the crystal structure of the Sf-MAM domain. Structure docking analysis of the Sf-MAM and Vip3Aa C-terminal domain (CTD) excluded the possibility of the two proteins binding. A further surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay also revealed that the Sf-MAM and Sf-FGFR ectodomain could not bind to the Vip3Aa protein. Our results have raised the urgency of determining the authentic cell receptor for Vip3Aa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
| | - Min Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (M.L.); (X.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Xiling Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (M.L.); (X.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Shilong Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (M.L.); (X.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Jun Lan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
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2
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Sun K, Fu K, Hu T, Shentu X, Yu X. Leveraging insect viruses and genetic manipulation for sustainable agricultural pest control. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2515-2527. [PMID: 37948321 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential of insect viruses in the biological control of agricultural pests is well-recognized, yet their practical application faces obstacles such as host specificity, variable virulence, and resource scarcity. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have significantly advanced our capabilities in discovering and identifying new insect viruses, thereby enriching the arsenal for pest management. Concurrently, progress in reverse genetics has facilitated the development of versatile viral expression vectors. These vectors have enhanced the specificity and effectiveness of insect viruses in targeting specific pests, offering a more precise approach to pest control. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the methodologies employed in the identification of insect viruses using HTS. Additionally, it explores the domain of genetically modified insect viruses and their associated challenges in pest management. The adoption of these cutting-edge approaches holds great promise for developing environmentally sustainable and effective pest control solutions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Zhejinag Seed Industry Group Xinchuang Bio-breeding Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuping Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Ma T, Huang J, Xu P, Shu C, Wang Z, Geng L, Zhang J. In Vivo and In Vitro Interactions between Exopolysaccharides from Bacillus thuringensis HD270 and Vip3Aa11 Protein. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:215. [PMID: 38787067 PMCID: PMC11125869 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16050215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) secretes the nutritional insecticidal protein Vip3Aa11, which exhibits high toxicity against the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). The Bt HD270 extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) enhances the toxicity of Vip3Aa11 protoxin against S. frugiperda by enhancing the attachment of brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs). However, how EPS-HD270 interacts with Vip3Aa11 protoxin in vivo and the effect of EPS-HD270 on the toxicity of activated Vip3Aa11 toxin are not yet clear. Our results indicated that there is an interaction between mannose, a monosaccharide that composes EPS-HD270, and Vip3Aa11 protoxin, with a dissociation constant of Kd = 16.75 ± 0.95 mmol/L. When EPS-HD270 and Vip3Aa11 protoxin were simultaneously fed to third-instar larvae, laser confocal microscopy observations revealed the co-localization of the two compounds near the midgut wall, which aggravated the damage to BBMVs. EPS-HD270 did not have a synergistic insecticidal effect on the activated Vip3Aa11 protein against S. frugiperda. The activated Vip3Aa11 toxin demonstrated a significantly reduced binding capacity (548.73 ± 82.87 nmol/L) towards EPS-HD270 in comparison to the protoxin (34.96 ± 9.00 nmol/L). Furthermore, this activation diminished the affinity of EPS-HD270 for BBMVs. This study provides important evidence for further elucidating the synergistic insecticidal mechanism between extracellular polysaccharides and Vip3Aa11 protein both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (J.H.)
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinqiu Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (J.H.)
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengdan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lili Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (J.H.)
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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4
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Popoff MR. Overview of Bacterial Protein Toxins from Pathogenic Bacteria: Mode of Action and Insights into Evolution. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:182. [PMID: 38668607 PMCID: PMC11054074 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial protein toxins are secreted by certain bacteria and are responsible for mild to severe diseases in humans and animals. They are among the most potent molecules known, which are active at very low concentrations. Bacterial protein toxins exhibit a wide diversity based on size, structure, and mode of action. Upon recognition of a cell surface receptor (protein, glycoprotein, and glycolipid), they are active either at the cell surface (signal transduction, membrane damage by pore formation, or hydrolysis of membrane compound(s)) or intracellularly. Various bacterial protein toxins have the ability to enter cells, most often using an endocytosis mechanism, and to deliver the effector domain into the cytosol, where it interacts with an intracellular target(s). According to the nature of the intracellular target(s) and type of modification, various cellular effects are induced (cell death, homeostasis modification, cytoskeleton alteration, blockade of exocytosis, etc.). The various modes of action of bacterial protein toxins are illustrated with representative examples. Insights in toxin evolution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel R Popoff
- Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 2001 INSERM U1306, F-75015 Paris, France
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5
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Pezzini D, Taylor KL, Reisig DD, Fritz ML. Cross-pollination in seed-blended refuge and selection for Vip3A resistance in a lepidopteran pest as detected by genomic monitoring. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319838121. [PMID: 38513093 PMCID: PMC10990109 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319838121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolution of pest resistance to management tools reduces productivity and results in economic losses in agricultural systems. To slow its emergence and spread, monitoring and prevention practices are implemented in resistance management programs. Recent work suggests that genomic approaches can identify signs of emerging resistance to aid in resistance management. Here, we empirically examined the sensitivity of genomic monitoring for resistance management in transgenic Bt crops, a globally important agricultural innovation. Whole genome resequencing of wild North American Helicoverpa zea collected from non-expressing refuge and plants expressing Cry1Ab confirmed that resistance-associated signatures of selection were detectable after a single generation of exposure. Upon demonstrating its sensitivity, we applied genomic monitoring to wild H. zea that survived Vip3A exposure resulting from cross-pollination of refuge plants in seed-blended plots. Refuge seed interplanted with transgenic seed exposed H. zea to sublethal doses of Vip3A protein in corn ears and was associated with allele frequency divergence across the genome. Some of the greatest allele frequency divergence occurred in genomic regions adjacent to a previously described candidate gene for Vip3A resistance. Our work highlights the power of genomic monitoring to sensitively detect heritable changes associated with field exposure to Bt toxins and suggests that seed-blended refuge will likely hasten the evolution of resistance to Vip3A in lepidopteran pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pezzini
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC27513
| | - Katherine L. Taylor
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC27513
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Dominic D. Reisig
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC27513
| | - Megan L. Fritz
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC27513
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
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Chen Z, Shi Y, Wang D, Liu X, Jiao X, Gao X, Jiang K. Structural insight into Bacillus thuringiensis Sip1Ab reveals its similarity to ETX_MTX2 family beta-pore-forming toxin. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4264-4273. [PMID: 37341620 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbially derived, protein-based biopesticides are an important approach for sustainable pest management. The secreted insecticidal proteins (Sips) produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis exhibit potent insecticidal activity against coleopteran pests and are, therefore, attractive as candidate biopesticides. However, the modes-of-action of Sips are unclear as comprehensive structural information for these proteins is lacking. RESULTS Using X-ray crystallography, we elucidated the structure of monomeric Sip1Ab at 2.28 Å resolution. Structural analyses revealed that Sip1Ab has the three domains and conserved fold characteristic of other aerolysin-like beta-pore-forming toxins (β-PFTs). Based on the sequence and structural similarities between Sip1Ab and other ETX_MTX2 subfamily toxins, we suggested the mechanism of these proteins and proposed that it is common to them all. CONCLUSION The atomic-level structural data for Sip1Ab generated by the present study could facilitate future structural and mechanistic research on Sips as well as their application in sustainable insect pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- Taishan College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyao Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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7
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Vater J, Tam LTT, Jähne J, Herfort S, Blumenscheit C, Schneider A, Luong PT, Thao LTP, Blom J, Klee SR, Schweder T, Lasch P, Borriss R. Plant-Associated Representatives of the Bacillus cereus Group Are a Rich Source of Antimicrobial Compounds. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2677. [PMID: 38004689 PMCID: PMC10672896 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Seventeen bacterial strains able to suppress plant pathogens have been isolated from healthy Vietnamese crop plants and taxonomically assigned as members of the Bacillus cereus group. In order to prove their potential as biocontrol agents, we perform a comprehensive analysis that included the whole-genome sequencing of selected strains and the mining for genes and gene clusters involved in the synthesis of endo- and exotoxins and secondary metabolites, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Kurstakin, thumolycin, and other AMPs were detected and characterized by different mass spectrometric methods, such as MALDI-TOF-MS and LIFT-MALDI-TOF/TOF fragment analysis. Based on their whole-genome sequences, the plant-associated isolates were assigned to the following species and subspecies: B. cereus subsp. cereus (6), B. cereus subsp. bombysepticus (5), Bacillus tropicus (2), and Bacillus pacificus. These three isolates represent novel genomospecies. Genes encoding entomopathogenic crystal and vegetative proteins were detected in B. cereus subsp. bombysepticus TK1. The in vitro assays revealed that many plant-associated isolates enhanced plant growth and suppressed plant pathogens. Our findings indicate that the plant-associated representatives of the B. cereus group are a rich source of putative antimicrobial compounds with potential in sustainable agriculture. However, the presence of virulence genes might restrict their application as biologicals in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Vater
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.V.); (J.J.); (S.H.); (C.B.); (A.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Le Thi Thanh Tam
- Division of Pathology and Phyto-Immunology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Duc Thang, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam; (L.T.T.T.); (P.T.L.); (L.T.P.T.)
| | - Jennifer Jähne
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.V.); (J.J.); (S.H.); (C.B.); (A.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Stefanie Herfort
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.V.); (J.J.); (S.H.); (C.B.); (A.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Christian Blumenscheit
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.V.); (J.J.); (S.H.); (C.B.); (A.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Andy Schneider
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.V.); (J.J.); (S.H.); (C.B.); (A.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Pham Thi Luong
- Division of Pathology and Phyto-Immunology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Duc Thang, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam; (L.T.T.T.); (P.T.L.); (L.T.P.T.)
| | - Le Thi Phuong Thao
- Division of Pathology and Phyto-Immunology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Duc Thang, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam; (L.T.T.T.); (P.T.L.); (L.T.P.T.)
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Silke R. Klee
- Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms Unit (ZBS2), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V. (IMaB), 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Lasch
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.V.); (J.J.); (S.H.); (C.B.); (A.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V. (IMaB), 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Chen H, Huang Y, Ye M, Wang Y, He X, Tu J. Achieving High Expression of Cry in Green Tissues and Negligible Expression in Endosperm Simultaneously via rbcS Gene Fusion Strategy in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109045. [PMID: 37240390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To allay excessive public concern about the safety of transgenic foods, and to optimize insect-resistant genes expression to delay the evolution of resistance in pests, we developed a promising strategy to fuse the GOI (gene of interest) with OsrbcS (rice small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) in transgenic rice, which acted as a carrier, driven by the OsrbcS native promoter to sequester its expression in green tissues. Using eYFP as a trial, we reported a high-level accumulation of eYFP in green tissue and almost none in the seed and root of the fused construct compared to the non-fused construct. After applying this fusion strategy in insect-resistant rice breeding, recombinant OsrbcS-Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac expressed rice plants conferred high resistance to leaffolders and striped stem borers, among which two single-copy lines possessed normal agronomic performance in the field. Specifically, Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac protein levels in single-copy construct transgenic lines ranged from 1.8 to 11.5 µg g-1 in the leaf, higher than the Actin I promoter-driven control, T51-1, about 1.78 µg g-1 in the leaf, but negligible (only 0.00012-0.00117 µg g-1) in endosperm by ELISA analysis. Our study provided a novel approach to creating Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac-free endosperm rice with a high level of insect-resistant protein in green tissues through the simultaneous usage of the OsrbcS promoter and OsrbcS as a fusion partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengnan Ye
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiuying He
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jumin Tu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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9
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Li X, Zhang Y, Zhan Y, Tian H, Yan B, Cai J. Utilization of a strong promoter combined with the knockout of protease genes to improve the yield of Vip3Aa in Bacillus thuringiensis BMB171. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1713-1720. [PMID: 36622044 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vip3Aa is an insecticidal protein secreted by some Bacillus thuringiensis strains during vegetative growth. It has excellent insecticidal activity, its mechanism of action is different from that of Cry protein, and it can delay the development of pest resistance. To date, Vip3Aa has been widely used in genetically modified Bt crops. However, the secretion of Vip3Aa by industrial production strains is usually very low. Moreover, most of the Vip3Aa in the medium is degraded by proteases, limiting its application as a biopesticide. RESULTS We report a novel constitutive strong promoter from B. thuringiensis, Prsi , which directs the abundant expression of vip3Aa in B. thuringiensis BMB171. Furthermore, to reduce the degradation of Vip3Aa caused by proteases, we constructed B. thuringiensis mutants in which different protease genes were knocked out. We found that the degradation of Vip3Aa was greatly inhibited and its yield was significantly improved in a mutant that lacked all three protease genes. CONCLUSION Our results provide a new strategy to enhance the production of Vip3Aa in B. thuringiensis and have reference value for the research and development of novel bioinsecticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunda Zhan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongwei Tian
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, China
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10
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Pacheco S, Gómez I, Peláez-Aguilar AE, Verduzco-Rosas LA, García-Suárez R, do Nascimento NA, Rivera-Nájera LY, Cantón PE, Soberón M, Bravo A. Structural changes upon membrane insertion of the insecticidal pore-forming toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1188891. [PMID: 38469496 PMCID: PMC10926538 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1188891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains produce a broad variety of pore-forming toxins (PFTs) that show toxicity against insects and other invertebrates. Some of these insecticidal PFT proteins have been used successfully worldwide to control diverse insect crop pests. There are several studies focused on describing the mechanism of action of these toxins that have helped to improve their performance and to cope with the resistance evolved by different insects against some of these proteins. However, crucial information that is still missing is the structure of pores formed by some of these PFTs, such as the three-domain crystal (Cry) proteins, which are the most commercially used Bt toxins in the biological control of insect pests. In recent years, progress has been made on the identification of the structural changes that certain Bt insecticidal PFT proteins undergo upon membrane insertion. In this review, we describe the models that have been proposed for the membrane insertion of Cry toxins. We also review the recently published structures of the vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips; e.g. Vip3) and the insecticidal toxin complex (Tc) in the membrane-inserted state. Although different Bt PFTs show different primary sequences, there are some similarities in the three-dimensional structures of Vips and Cry proteins. In addition, all PFTs described here must undergo major structural rearrangements to pass from a soluble form to a membrane-inserted state. It is proposed that, despite their structural differences, all PFTs undergo major structural rearrangements producing an extended α-helix, which plays a fundamental role in perforating their target membrane, resulting in the formation of the membrane pore required for their insecticidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alejandra Bravo
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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11
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An B, Zhang Y, Yan B, Cai J. RNA interference of PHB1 enhances virulence of Vip3Aa to Sf9 cells and Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023. [PMID: 36964944 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous work, we demonstrated that prohibitin 2 (PHB2) on the membrane of Sf9 cells was a receptor for Vip3Aa, and PHB2 in mitochondria contributed to the mitochondrial stability to reduce Vip3Aa toxicity. Prohibitin 1 (PHB1), another prohibitin family member, forms heterodimers with PHB2 to maintain the structure and stability of mitochondria. To explore whether PHB1 impacts the action process of Vip3Aa, we examined the correlation between PHB1 and Vip3Aa virulence. RESULTS We revealed that PHB1 did not colocalize with Vip3Aa in Sf9 cells. The pulldown and CoIP experiments confirmed that PHB1 interacted with neither Vip3Aa nor scavenger receptor-C (another Vip3Aa receptor). Downregulating phb1 expression in Sf9 cells did not affect the internalization of Vip3Aa but increased Vip3Aa toxicity. Further exploration revealed that the decrease of phb1 expression affected mitochondrial function, leading to increased ROS levels and mitochondrial membrane permeability and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. The increase of mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activity and genomic DNA fragmentation implied that the apoptotic process was also affected. Finally, we applied RNAi to inhibit phb1 expression in Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. As a result, it significantly increased Vip3Aa virulence. CONCLUSION We found that PHB1 was not a receptor for Vip3Aa but played an essential role in mitochondria. The downregulation of phb1 expression in Sf9 cells caused instability of mitochondria, and the cells were more prone to apoptosis when challenged with Vip3Aa. The combined use of Vip3Aa and phb1 RNAi showed a synergistic effect against S. frugiperda larvae. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoju An
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yizhuo Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Colllege of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, China
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12
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Fatima N, Bibi Z, Rehman A, Ara Abbas Bukhari D. Biotoxicity comparison of Bacillus thuringiensis to control vector borne diseases against mosquito fauna. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103610. [PMID: 37008283 PMCID: PMC10060249 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to evaluate the biotoxicity of screened echo-friendly Bacillus thuringiensis strains from different areas of Pakistan. Out of 50 samples, 36% Bt. isolates were quarantined from soil containing cattle waste after morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization. The toxicity bioassays with Bt. spores and protein diet proved that 11 Bt. isolates were utmost noxious to 3rd instar larvae of mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex pipiens. The entopathogenic activity of first 4 Bt. toxins against A. aegypti was highly lethal as compared to the other dipteran larvae. The toxicity (LC50) of spore diet of Bt. strains GCU-DAB-NF4 (442.730 ± 0.38 μg/ml), NF6 (460.845 ± 0.29 μg/ml), NF3 (470.129 ± 0.28 μg/ml), and NF7 (493.637 ± 0.70 μg/ml) was quite high against A. aegypti as compared to the C. pipiens after 24 h of incubation. The highest toxicity of total cell protein was shown by GCU-DAB-NF4 (LC50 = 84.10 ± 50 μg/ml), NF6 (95.122 ± 0.40 μg/ml), NF3 (100.715 ± 06 μg/ml), and NF5 (103.40 ± 07 μg/ml) against A. aegypti after 24 h. So, these strains a have great potential to be used as biological control especially against A. aegypti as compared to the C. pipiens.
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13
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Jiang K, Chen Z, Zang Y, Shi Y, Shang C, Jiao X, Cai J, Gao X. Functional characterization of Vip3Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis reveals the contributions of specific domains to its insecticidal activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103000. [PMID: 36764522 PMCID: PMC10017365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbially derived, protein-based biopesticides offer a more sustainable pest management alternative to synthetic pesticides. Vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip3), multidomain proteins secreted by Bacillus thuringiensis, represent a second-generation insecticidal toxin that has been preliminarily used in transgenic crops. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Vip3's toxicity is poorly understood. Here, we determine the distinct functions and contributions of the domains of the Vip3Aa protein to its toxicity against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. We demonstrate that Vip3Aa domains II and III (DII-DIII) bind the midgut epithelium, while DI is essential for Vip3Aa's stability and toxicity inside the protease-enriched host insect midgut. DI-DIII can be activated by midgut proteases and exhibits cytotoxicity similar to full-length Vip3Aa. In addition, we determine that DV can bind the peritrophic matrix via its glycan-binding activity, which contributes to Vip3Aa insecticidal activity. In summary, this study provides multiple insights into Vip3Aa's mode-of-action which should significantly facilitate the clarification of its insecticidal mechanism and its further rational development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanrong Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Taishan College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengbin Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuyao Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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14
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Liu F, Liu Y, Zou J, Zhang L, Zheng H, Luo Y, Wang X, Wang L. Molecular Characterization and Efficacy Evaluation of Transgenic Maize Harboring cry2Ab- vip3A- cp4epsps for Insect Resistance and Herbicide Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:612. [PMID: 36771697 PMCID: PMC9919038 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Insect infestation and weed interference have a seriously negative impact on the growth, yield, and grain quality of maize. In this study, transgenic maize plants harboring three exogenous genes, cry2Ab, vip3A, and cp4epsps, that were constructed into a single T-DNA were developed for protection against insects and weeds. The transgene integration sites on the chromosomes in two transgenic maize events, CVC-1 and CVC-2, were determined using whole genome sequencing and specific PCR detection. As revealed by laboratory insect bioassays, these two transgenic events exhibited strong insecticidal toxicity against three major species of Lepidoptera insects, including Mythimna separata, Helicoverpa armigera, and Spodoptera frugiperda, with mortality rates exceeding 96%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, after six days of infestation. In addition, CVC-1 exhibited a high tolerance to glyphosate under field conditions. The successful expressions of cry2Ab, vip3A, and cp4epsps in various tissues at different developmental stages of CVC-1 were validated at the transcriptional and translational levels using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. These findings demonstrated that the transgenic maize CVC-1 developed using this triple gene construct has excellent insect resistance and herbicide tolerance, which may provide a valuable germplasm resource and data support for future maize breeding of insect and weed control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics (Beijing), Biotechnology Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics (Beijing), Biotechnology Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics (Beijing), Biotechnology Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics (Beijing), Biotechnology Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanzhong Luo
- CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics (Beijing), Biotechnology Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics (Beijing), Biotechnology Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Sanya 572022, China
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15
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Baranek J, Jakubowska M, Gabała E. Insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis towards Agrotis exclamationis larvae-A widespread and underestimated pest of the Palearctic zone. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283077. [PMID: 36928078 PMCID: PMC10019718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
acillus thuringiensis is an entomopathogenic bacterium commonly used as a bioinsecticide against numerous invertebrate pests. However, the efficacy of this microbe has not yet been determined towards Agrotis exclamationis-a lepidopteran, polyphagous pest, widespread throughout the Palearctic zone. In this work we have detected very low susceptibility of A. exclamationis to B. thuringiensis commercial strains, used as microbial formulations in pest control. To investigate this matter, the biological activity of six selected (Cry1Aa, Cry1Ca, Cry1Ia, Cry2Ab, Cry9Ea and Vip3Aa), heterogously-expressed Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins has been assessed towards A. exclamationis. Only Cry9Ea and Vip3Aa caused significant mortality in the tested pest species, with LC50 values of 950 and 140 ng/cm2, respectively. The histopathological effects of Cry9Ea and Vip3Aa on A. exclamationis were determined. On the other hand, Cry1- and Cry2-type toxins, which are the main active molecules of the majority of currently-used B. thuringiensis-based biocontrol agents (including the commercial strains tested in this work), did not cause mortality in target insect, but only different levels of growth inhibition. Moreover, in the case of Cry1Ca and Cry1Ia hormesis has been observed-a phenomenon that may be disadvantageous in implementation of these proteins in pest management. The obtained results broaden the existing knowledge regarding B. thuringiensis insecticidal protein target range and depict variable susceptibility of A. exclamationis to different groups of Cry/Vip toxins. This work indicates Cry9Ea and Vip3Aa as good candidates for efficient biological control of A. exclamationis and possibly other Agrotinae and discusses the potential use of Vip3-type and Cry9-type insecticidal proteins as successful bioinsecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Baranek
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Microbiology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Magdalena Jakubowska
- Department of Monitoring and Signalling of Agrophages, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gabała
- Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
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16
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Wani SH, Choudhary M, Barmukh R, Bagaria PK, Samantara K, Razzaq A, Jaba J, Ba MN, Varshney RK. Molecular mechanisms, genetic mapping, and genome editing for insect pest resistance in field crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3875-3895. [PMID: 35267056 PMCID: PMC9729161 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Improving crop resistance against insect pests is crucial for ensuring future food security. Integrating genomics with modern breeding methods holds enormous potential in dissecting the genetic architecture of this complex trait and accelerating crop improvement. Insect resistance in crops has been a major research objective in several crop improvement programs. However, the use of conventional breeding methods to develop high-yielding cultivars with sustainable and durable insect pest resistance has been largely unsuccessful. The use of molecular markers for identification and deployment of insect resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) can fastrack traditional breeding methods. Till date, several QTLs for insect pest resistance have been identified in field-grown crops, and a few of them have been cloned by positional cloning approaches. Genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, are paving the way to tailor insect pest resistance loci for designing crops for the future. Here, we provide an overview of diverse defense mechanisms exerted by plants in response to insect pest attack, and review recent advances in genomics research and genetic improvements for insect pest resistance in major field crops. Finally, we discuss the scope for genomic breeding strategies to develop more durable insect pest resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir H Wani
- Mountain Research Center for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, J&K, 192101, India.
| | - Mukesh Choudhary
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (ICAR-IIMR), PAU Campus, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Rutwik Barmukh
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, 502324, India
| | - Pravin K Bagaria
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (ICAR-IIMR), PAU Campus, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Kajal Samantara
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, 761211, India
| | - Ali Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jagdish Jaba
- Intergated Crop Management, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, 502324, India
| | - Malick Niango Ba
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), BP 12404, Niamey, Niger
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, 502324, India.
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
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17
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Fatima N, Rehman A, Bukhari DA. Biotoxicity assessment of cloned cry 11 protein gene from Bacillus thuringiensis 9NF. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103463. [PMID: 36263005 PMCID: PMC9574506 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current investigation describes the isolation and characterization of toxic Bt. local isolates harboring 99% homology with Bti. prototoxin Bacillus thuringiensis (AXJ97553.1 and novel OUB27301.1) which contains full length cry11 gene (1.9 kb). Initially, it was cloned in pTZ57R/T and then sub-cloned in pET30a(+) for expression. The optimized conditions for good expression were found 1 mM IPTG, 3.5–4 h incubation time, and 37 °C. Toxicological assays were determined against 3rd instar larvae of Aedes aegypti with expressed partially purified and crude recombinant protein using recombinant E. coli BL21, DE3 transformed with cry11 gene. It was found that partially purified Bt. protein is highly toxic against A. aegypti larvae with LC50 value of 42.883 ± 6 µg/ml. B. thuringiensis strains producing Cry 11 toxic protein can be used as biopesticide to control resistance in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Fatima
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - DilAra Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
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18
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Horikoshi RJ, Ferrari G, Dourado PM, Climaco JI, Vertuan HV, Evans A, Pleau M, Morrell K, José MOMA, Anderson H, Martinelli S, Ovejero RFL, Berger GU, Head G. MON 95379 Bt maize as a new tool to manage sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) in South America. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3456-3466. [PMID: 35567382 PMCID: PMC9545257 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sugarcane borer (SCB), Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a key pest of maize in Argentina, and genetically modified maize, producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins, has revolutionized the management of this insect in South America. However, field-evolved resistance to some Bt technologies has been observed in SCB in Argentina. Here we assessed a new Bt technology, MON 95379, in the laboratory, greenhouse and field for efficacy against SCB. RESULTS In a laboratory leaf disc bioassay, both MON 95379 (producing Cry1B.868 and Cry1Da_7) and Cry1B.868_single maize (producing only Cry1B.868) resulted in 100% mortality of SCB. The level of Cry1B.868 in the Cry1B.868_single maize is comparable to that in MON 95379 maize. However, the Cry1Da_7 protein does not have high efficacy against SCB, as evidenced by < 20% mortality on Cry1Da_7_single leaf tissue. Total (100%) mortality of SCB in a Cry1B.868_single tissue dilution bioassay indicated that Cry1B.868_single maize meets the criteria to be classified as a high dose. Similar median lethal concentration (LC50 ) values were observed for MON 89034-R and susceptible SCB strains exposed to Cry1B.868 protein. MON 95379 also controlled SCB strains resistant to MON 89034 (Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2) and Cry1Ab. Under field conditions in Brazil and Argentina, MON 95379 maize plants were consistently protected from SCB damage. CONCLUSION MON 95379 maize will bring value to maize growers in South America by effectively managing SCB even in locations where resistance to other Bt-containing maize technologies has been reported. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Adam Evans
- Plant BiotechnologyBayer Crop Science USChesterfieldMOUSA
| | - Michael Pleau
- Plant BiotechnologyBayer Crop Science USChesterfieldMOUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Graham Head
- Regulatory ScienceBayer Crop Science USChesterfieldMOUSA
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19
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Zhang Y, Li X, Tian H, An B, Yan B, Cai J. Vegetative Insecticidal Protein Vip3Aa Is Transported via Membrane Vesicles in Bacillus thuringiensis BMB171. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070480. [PMID: 35878218 PMCID: PMC9319297 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3Aa, secreted by many Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains during the vegetative growth stage, represents the second-generation insecticidal toxin. In recent years, significant progress has been made on its structure and action mechanism. However, how it is translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane into the environment remains a mystery. This work demonstrates that Vip3Aa is not secreted by the General Secretion (Sec) System. To reveal the secretory pathway of Vip3A, we purified the membrane vesicles (MVs) of B. thuringiensis BMB171 and observed by TEM. The size of MVs was determined by the dynamic light scattering method, and their diameter was approximately 40–200 nm, which is consistent with the vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, Vip3A could be detected in the purified MVs by Western blot, and immunoelectron microscopy reveals Vip3A antibody-coated gold particles located in the MVs. After deleting its signal peptide, chitinase B (ChiB) failed to be secreted. However, the recombinant ChiB, whose signal peptide was substituted with the N-terminal 39 amino acids from Vip3A, was secreted successfully through MVs. Thus, this sequence is proposed as the signal region responsible for vesicle transport. Together, our results revealed for the first time that Vip3Aa is transported to the medium via MVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Hongwei Tian
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Baoju An
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence:
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Singh P, G. K. S, Thakur S, Rathore M, Verma OP, Singh NP, Das A. Evaluation of transgenic chickpea harboring codon-modified Vip3Aa against gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera H.). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270011. [PMID: 35749522 PMCID: PMC9231776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The gram pod borer is a major pest of chickpea, accounting for average annual yield losses to the tune of 40-50%. VIP3Aa, a class of insecticidal protein with different receptor binding site in the insect's midgut compared to Bt-crystal protein, offers an alternative protection strategy against Lepidopteran insects. Here, we report evaluation of genetically engineered chickpea lines harboring codon modified Vip3Aa (cmVip3Aa) against the Lepidopteran insect pest, gram pod borer. The synthetic codon modified, cmVip3Aa gene of 2,370 bp was sub-cloned in modified plant expression vector and used for direct transformation of embryonic axis explants of chickpea (cv. DCP 92-3), with transformation efficiency of 4.30%. Presence and transmission of transgene across two generations were confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses in the five selected transgenic chickpea lines. Real Time PCR analyses indicated variable levels of cmVip3Aa expression in the transgenic chickpea lines (average Cq values 15.01±0.86 to 19.32±0.10), which were absent in the non-transgenic counterpart. Detached leaf insect bioassay indicate larval mortality (up to 39.75%), reduced larval feeding (up to 82.91%) and reduced larval weight gain (up to 68.23%), compared to control lines. Evaluation of gene offers a platform to identify efficacious insecticidal gene that can be used for insect resistance management in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Singh
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sujayanand G. K.
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shallu Thakur
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meenal Rathore
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Om Prakash Verma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Narendra Pratap Singh
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Das
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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21
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Kumari P, Jasrotia P, Kumar D, Kashyap PL, Kumar S, Mishra CN, Kumar S, Singh GP. Biotechnological Approaches for Host Plant Resistance to Insect Pests. Front Genet 2022; 13:914029. [PMID: 35719377 PMCID: PMC9201757 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.914029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Annually, the cost of insect pest control in agriculture crosses billions of dollars around the world. Until recently, broad-spectrum synthetic pesticides were considered as the most effective means of pest control in agriculture. However, over the years, the overreliance on pesticides has caused adverse effects on beneficial insects, human health and the environment, and has led to the development of pesticide resistant insects. There is a critical need for the development of alternative pest management strategies aiming for minimum use of pesticides and conservation of natural enemies for maintaining the ecological balance of the environment. Host plant resistance plays a vital role in integrated pest management but the development of insect-resistant varieties through conventional ways of host plant resistance takes time, and is challenging as it involves many quantitative traits positioned at various loci. Biotechnological approaches such as gene editing, gene transformation, marker-assisted selection etc. in this direction have recently opened up a new era of insect control options. These could contribute towards about exploring a much wider array of novel insecticidal genes that would otherwise be beyond the scope of conventional breeding. Biotechnological interventions can alter the gene expression level and pattern as well as the development of transgenic varieties with insecticidal genes and can improve pest management by providing access to novel molecules. This review will discuss the emerging biotechnological tools available to develop insect-resistant engineered crop genotypes with a better ability to resist the attack of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Kumari
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
- CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Poonam Jasrotia
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Prem Lal Kashyap
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | | | - Sudheer Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
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Park SC, Kim JY, Lee JK, Lim HS, Son H, Yoo SH, Mun SE, Jang MK, Lee JR. Antifungal Mechanism of Vip3Aa, a Vegetative Insecticidal Protein, against Pathogenic Fungal Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121558. [PMID: 34943770 PMCID: PMC8698955 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering new antifungal agents is difficult, since, unlike bacteria, mammalian and fungal cells are both eukaryotes. An efficient strategy is to consider new antimicrobial proteins that have variety of action mechanisms. In this study, a cDNA encoding Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa protein, a vegetative insecticidal protein, was obtained at the vegetative growth stage; its antifungal activity and mechanism were evaluated using a bacterially expressed recombinant Vip3Aa protein. The Vip3Aa protein demonstrated various concentration- and time-dependent antifungal activities, with inhibitory concentrations against yeast and filamentous fungi ranging from 62.5 to 125 µg/mL and 250 to 500 µg/mL, respectively. The uptake of propidium iodide and cellular distributions of rhodamine-labeled Vip3Aa into fungal cells indicate that its growth inhibition mechanism involves its penetration within cells and subsequent intracellular damage. Furthermore, we discovered that the death of Candida albicans cells was caused by the induction of apoptosis via the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and binding to nucleic acids. The presence of significantly enlarged Vip3Aa-treated fungal cells indicates that this protein causes intracellular damage. Our findings suggest that Vip3Aa protein has potential applications in the development of natural antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Cheol Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.-C.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-K.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.-C.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-K.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Jong-Kook Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.-C.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-K.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Hye Song Lim
- LMO Research Team, National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun 33657, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.-H.Y.)
| | - Hyosuk Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.-C.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-K.L.); (H.S.)
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 101-75 Jangsan-ro, Janghang-eup, Seocheon-gun 33662, Korea
| | - Su-Hyang Yoo
- LMO Research Team, National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun 33657, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.-H.Y.)
| | - Seong-Eun Mun
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Mi-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.-C.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-K.L.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.-K.J.); (J.R.L.); Tel.: +82-62-750-3567 (M.-K.J.); +82-41-950-5820 (J.R.L.)
| | - Jung Ro Lee
- LMO Research Team, National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun 33657, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.-H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (M.-K.J.); (J.R.L.); Tel.: +82-62-750-3567 (M.-K.J.); +82-41-950-5820 (J.R.L.)
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