1
|
Tang Q, Lan T, Zhou C, Gao J, Wu L, Wei H, Li W, Tang Z, Tang W, Diao H, Xu Y, Peng X, Pang J, Zhao X, Sun Z. Nutrition strategies to control post-weaning diarrhea of piglets: From the perspective of feeds. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:297-311. [PMID: 38800731 PMCID: PMC11127239 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) is a globally significant threat to the swine industry. Historically, antibiotics as well as high doses of zinc oxide and copper sulfate have been commonly used to control PWD. However, the development of bacterial resistance and environmental pollution have created an interest in alternative strategies. In recent years, the research surrounding these alternative strategies and the mechanisms of piglet diarrhea has been continually updated. Mechanically, diarrhea in piglets is a result of an imbalance in intestinal fluid and electrolyte absorption and secretion. In general, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and diarrheal viruses are known to cause an imbalance in the absorption and secretion of intestinal fluids and electrolytes in piglets, resulting in diarrhea when Cl- secretion-driven fluid secretion surpasses absorptive capacity. From a perspective of feedstuffs, factors that contribute to imbalances in fluid absorption and secretion in the intestines of weaned piglets include high levels of crude protein (CP), stimulation by certain antigenic proteins, high acid-binding capacity (ABC), and contamination with deoxynivalenol (DON) in the diet. In response, efforts to reduce CP levels in diets, select feedstuffs with lower ABC values, and process feedstuffs using physical, chemical, and biological approaches are important strategies for alleviating PWD in piglets. Additionally, the diet supplementation with additives such as vitamins and natural products can also play a role in reducing the diarrhea incidence in weaned piglets. Here, we examine the mechanisms of absorption and secretion of intestinal fluids and electrolytes in piglets, summarize nutritional strategies to control PWD in piglets from the perspective of feeds, and provide new insights towards future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tianyi Lan
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chengyu Zhou
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jingchun Gao
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liuting Wu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haiyang Wei
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Hui Diao
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yetong Xu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xie Peng
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiaman Pang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 644005, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tao S, Fan J, Li J, Wu Z, Yao Y, Wang Z, Wu Y, Liu X, Xiao Y, Wei H. Extracellular vesicles derived from Lactobacillus johnsonii promote gut barrier homeostasis by enhancing M2 macrophage polarization. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00111-5. [PMID: 38508446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diarrheic disease is a common intestinal health problem worldwide, causing great suffering to humans and animals. Precise manipulation strategies based on probiotics to combat diarrheic diseases have not been fully developed. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which probiotics manipulate macrophage against diarrheic disease. METHODS Metagenome reveals gut microbiome profiles of healthy and diarrheic piglets. Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) was employed to explore the causal relationship between gut microbes and diarrhea. The protective role of probiotics and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) was investigated in ETEC K88-infected mice. Macrophage depletion was performed to assess the role of macrophages in EVs against diarrhea. Execution of in vitro cell co-culture and transcriptome analyses elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which EVs modulate the macrophage and intestinal epithelial barrier. RESULTS Escherichia coli was enriched in weaned diarrheic piglets, while Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. john) showed a negative correlation with Escherichia coli. The transmission of diarrheic illness symptoms was achieved by transferring fecal microbiota, but not metabolites, from diarrheic pigs to germ-free (GF) mice. L. john's intervention prevented the transmission of disease phenotypes from diarrheic piglets to GF mice. L. john also reduces the gut inflammation induced by ETEC K88. The EVs secreted by L. john demonstrated enhanced efficacy in mitigating the adverse impacts induced by ETEC K88 through the modulation of macrophage phenotype. In vitro experiments have revealed that EVs activate M2 macrophages in a manner that shuts down ERK, thereby inhibiting NLRP3 activation in intestinal epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that intestinal microbiota drives the onset of diarrheic disease and that probiotic-derived EVs ameliorate diarrheic disease symptoms by modulating macrophage phenotypes. These findings can enhance the advancement of innovative therapeutic approaches for diarrheic conditions based on probiotic-derived EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Tao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinping Fan
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Yao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Hong Wei
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen J, Dai XY, Zhao BC, Xu XW, Kang JX, Xu YR, Li JL. Role of the GLP2-Wnt1 axis in silicon-rich alkaline mineral water maintaining intestinal epithelium regeneration in piglets under early-life stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:126. [PMID: 38470510 PMCID: PMC10933158 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Stress-induced intestinal epithelial injury (IEI) and a delay in repair in infancy are predisposing factors for refractory gut diseases in adulthood, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Hence, it is necessary to develop appropriate mitigation methods for mammals when experiencing early-life stress (ELS). Weaning, as we all know, is a vital procedure that all mammalian newborns, including humans, must go through. Maternal separation (MS) stress in infancy (regarded as weaning stress in animal science) is a commonly used ELS paradigm. Drinking silicon-rich alkaline mineral water (AMW) has a therapeutic effect on enteric disease, but the specific mechanisms involved have not been reported. Herein, we discover the molecular mechanism by which silicon-rich AMW repairs ELS-induced IEI by maintaining intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and differentiation through the glucagon-like peptide (GLP)2-Wnt1 axis. Mechanistic study showed that silicon-rich AMW activates GLP2-dependent Wnt1/β-catenin pathway, and drives ISC proliferation and differentiation by stimulating Lgr5+ ISC cell cycle passage through the G1-S-phase checkpoint, thereby maintaining intestinal epithelial regeneration and IEI repair. Using GLP2 antagonists (GLP23-33) and small interfering RNA (SiWnt1) in vitro, we found that the GLP2-Wnt1 axis is the target of silicon-rich AMW to promote intestinal epithelium regeneration. Therefore, silicon-rich AMW maintains intestinal epithelium regeneration through the GLP2-Wnt1 axis in piglets under ELS. Our research contributes to understanding the mechanism of silicon-rich AMW promoting gut epithelial regeneration and provides a new strategy for the alleviation of ELS-induced IEI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Chen Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Wen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Min U, Jin YJ, Jang YJ, Lim J, Kim BY. Personalized probiotic strategy considering bowel habits: impacts on gut microbiota composition and alleviation of gastrointestinal symptoms via Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1302093. [PMID: 38435094 PMCID: PMC10904615 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1302093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Personalized probiotic regimens, taking into account individual characteristics such as stool patterns, have the potential to alleviate gastrointestinal disorders and improve gut health while avoiding the variability exhibited among individuals by conventional probiotics. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of personalized probiotic interventions in managing distinct stool patterns (constipation and diarrhea) by investigating their impact on the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal symptoms using a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial design. This research leverages the multi-strain probiotic formulas, Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome, which have previously demonstrated efficacy in alleviating constipation and diarrhea symptoms, respectively. Improvement in clinical symptoms improvement and compositional changes in the gut microbiome were analyzed in participants with predominant constipation or diarrhea symptoms. Results indicate that tailored probiotics could improve constipation and diarrhea by promoting Erysipelotrichaceae and Lactobacillaceae, producers of short-chain fatty acids, and regulating inflammation and pain-associated taxa. These findings suggest the potential of tailored probiotic prescriptions and emphasize the need for personalized therapeutic approaches for digestive disorders. Clinical trial registration: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/index/index.do, identifier KCT0009111.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Byung-Yong Kim
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pistol GC, Pertea AM, Taranu I. The Use of Fruit and Vegetable by-Products as Enhancers of Health Status of Piglets after Weaning: The Role of Bioactive Compounds from Apple and Carrot Industrial Wastes. Vet Sci 2023; 11:15. [PMID: 38250921 PMCID: PMC10820549 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
At weaning, piglets are exposed to a large variety of stressors, from environmental/behavioral factors to nutritional stress. Weaning transition affects the gastrointestinal tract especially, resulting in specific disturbances at the level of intestinal morphology, barrier function and integrity, mucosal immunity and gut microbiota. All these alterations are associated with intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress and perturbation of intracellular signaling pathways. The nutritional management of the weaning period aims to achieve the reinforcement of intestinal integrity and functioning to positively modulate the intestinal immunity and that of the gut microbiota and to enhance the health status of piglets. That is why the current research is focused on the raw materials rich in phytochemicals which could positively modulate animal health. The composition analysis of fruit, vegetable and their by-products showed that identified phytochemicals could act as bioactive compounds, which can be used as modulators of weaning-induced disturbances in piglets. This review describes nutritional studies which investigated the effects of bioactive compounds derived from fruit (apple) and vegetables (carrot) or their by-products on the intestinal architecture and function, inflammatory processes and oxidative stress at the intestinal level. Data on the associated signaling pathways and on the microbiota modulation by bioactive compounds from these by-products are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cecilia Pistol
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Research—Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (I.T.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Larsen C, Offersen SM, Brunse A, Pirolo M, Kar SK, Guadabassi L, Thymann T. Effects of early postnatal gastric and colonic microbiota transplantation on piglet gut health. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:158. [PMID: 38143275 PMCID: PMC10749501 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00954-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea is a major cause of reduced growth and mortality in piglets during the suckling and weaning periods and poses a major threat to the global pig industry. Diarrhea and gut dysbiosis may in part be prevented via improved early postnatal microbial colonization of the gut. To secure better postnatal gut colonization, we hypothesized that transplantation of colonic or gastric content from healthy donors to newborn recipients would prevent diarrhea in the recipients in the post-weaning period. Our objective was to examine the impact of transplanting colonic or gastric content on health and growth parameters and paraclinical parameters in recipient single-housed piglets exposed to a weaning transition and challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). METHODS Seventy-two 1-day-old piglets were randomized to four groups: colonic microbiota transplantation (CMT, n = 18), colonic content filtrate transplantation (CcFT, n = 18), gastric microbiota transplantation (GMT, n = 18), or saline (CON, n = 18). Inoculations were given on d 2 and 3 of life, and all piglets were milk-fed until weaning (d 20) and shortly after challenged with ETEC (d 24). We assessed growth, diarrhea prevalence, ETEC concentration, organ weight, blood parameters, small intestinal morphology and histology, gut mucosal function, and microbiota composition and diversity. RESULTS Episodes of diarrhea were seen in all groups during both the milk- and the solid-feeding phase, possibly due to stress associated with single housing. However, CcFT showed lower diarrhea prevalence on d 27, 28, and 29 compared to CON (all P < 0.05). CcFT also showed a lower ETEC prevalence on d 27 (P < 0.05). CMT showed a higher alpha diversity and a difference in beta diversity compared to CON (P < 0.05). Growth and other paraclinical endpoints were similar across groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, only CcFT reduced ETEC-related post-weaning diarrhea. However, the protective effect was marginal, suggesting that higher doses, more effective modalities of administration, longer treatment periods, and better donor quality should be explored by future research to optimize the protective effects of transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Simone Margaard Offersen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anders Brunse
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mattia Pirolo
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Soumya Kanti Kar
- Animal Nutrition, Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 1 De Elst, 6708, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Guadabassi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao Y, Yu S, Zhao H, Li L, Li Y, Liu M, Jiang L. Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals the positive leverage of citrus flavonoids on hindgut microbiota and host homeostasis by modulating sphingolipid metabolism in mid-lactation dairy cows consuming a high-starch diet. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:236. [PMID: 37880759 PMCID: PMC10598921 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern dairy diets have shifted from being forage-based to grain and energy dense. However, feeding high-starch diets can lead to a metabolic disturbance that is linked to dysregulation of the gastrointestinal microbiome and systemic inflammatory response. Plant flavonoids have recently attracted extensive interest due to their anti-inflammatory effects in humans and ruminants. Here, multi-omics analysis was conducted to characterize the biological function and mechanisms of citrus flavonoids in modulating the hindgut microbiome of dairy cows fed a high-starch diet. RESULTS Citrus flavonoid extract (CFE) significantly lowered serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), acute phase proteins (LPS-binding protein and haptoglobin) in dairy cows fed a high-starch diet. Dietary CFE supplementation increased fecal butyrate production and decreased fecal LPS. In addition, dietary CFE influenced the overall hindgut microbiota's structure and composition. Notably, potentially beneficial bacteria, including Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Alistipes, and Akkermansia, were enriched in CFE and were found to be positively correlated with fecal metabolites and host metabolites. Fecal and serum untargeted metabolomics indicated that CFE supplementation mainly emphasized the metabolic feature "sphingolipid metabolism." Metabolites associated with the sphingolipid metabolism pathway were positively associated with increased microorganisms in dairy cows fed CFE, particularly Bacteroides. Serum lipidomics analysis showed that the total contents of ceramide and sphingomyelin were decreased by CFE addition. Some differentially abundant sphingolipid species were markedly associated with serum IL-6, TNF-α, LPS, and fecal Bacteroides. Metaproteomics revealed that dietary supplementation with CFE strongly impacted the overall fecal bacterial protein profile and function. In CFE cows, enzymes involved in carbon metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS Our research indicates the importance of bacterial sphingolipids in maintaining hindgut symbiosis and homeostasis. Dietary supplementation with CFE can decrease systemic inflammation by maintaining hindgut microbiota homeostasis and regulating sphingolipid metabolism in dairy cows fed a high-starch diet. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liuxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han Q, Liu R, Wang H, Zhang R, Liu H, Li J, Bao J. Gut Microbiota-Derived 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Alleviates Diarrhea in Piglets via the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15132-15144. [PMID: 37797200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement in sow prolificacy, formula feeding has been increasingly used in the pig industry. Diarrhea remains a serious health concern in formula-fed (FF) piglets. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an efficacious strategy to reshape gut microbiota and the metabolic profile for treating diarrhea. This study aims to investigate whether FMT from breast-fed piglets could alleviate diarrhea in FF piglets. The piglets were randomly assigned to the control (CON) group, FF group, and FMT group. Our results showed that FF piglets exhibited a higher diarrhea incidence, damaged colonic morphology, and disrupted barrier function. In contrast, FMT treatment normalized the morphology and barrier function. FMT suppressed the JNK/MAPK pathway and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, FF piglets had a lower abundance of the beneficial bacterial genus Bifidobacterium compared to CON piglets. Following FMT administration, Bifidobacterium was restored. Meanwhile, 5-HIAA, a metabolite of tryptophan, and AHR-responsive CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 were upregulated. Importantly, integrated multiomics analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between Bifidobacterium and 5-HIAA. In vitro, 5-HIAA supplementation reversed the LPS-induced disruption of tight junctions and production of proinflammatory cytokines in IPEC-J2 cells. In conclusion, FMT reduced diarrhea incidence and improved growth performance. The alleviative effect of FMT on diarrhea was associated with Bifidobacterium and 5-HIAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Runze Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Haowen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Runxiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Honggui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang X, Niu L, Wang Y, Zhan S, Wang L, Dai D, Cao J, Guo J, Li L, Zhang H, Zhong T. Combining 16S rRNA Sequencing and Metabolomics Data to Decipher the Interactions between Gut Microbiota, Host Immunity, and Metabolites in Diarrheic Young Small Ruminants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11423. [PMID: 37511183 PMCID: PMC10380214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is associated with gut microbiota, immunity, and metabolic alterations in goat kids and lambs. This study used 28 lambs (11 healthy and 17 diarrheic) and 20 goat kids (10 healthy and 10 diarrheic) to investigate the association between diarrhea occurrence and changes in gut microbiota, metabolism, and immunity in goat kids and lambs. The results revealed that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in goat kids and lambs. In addition, Enterobacteriaceae and Lachnospiraceae families were identified in both diarrheic goat kids and lambs. Furthermore, functional prediction of microbiota showed that it was involved in cell motility and cancer pathways. The identified differential metabolites were implicated in the bile secretion pathway. Lambs had significant differences in immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) compared to goat kids. IgG and IL-1β were positively correlated to Patescibacteria, Clostridiaceae, and unclassified_Muribaculaceae in both diarrheic goat kids and lambs. In addition, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the MEgreen module was positively associated with IgG, IgM, IL-1β, TNF-α, and triglyceride (TG). In conclusion, our results characterized the gut microbiota, metabolism, and immune status of lambs and goat kids suffering from diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dinghui Dai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang Z, Jordan JD, Zhang Q. Early life adversity as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:25. [PMID: 37173751 PMCID: PMC10182702 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological conditions, including cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD), impose a huge burden on society, affecting millions of people globally. In addition to genetic factors, recent studies indicate that environmental and experiential factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Early life adversity (ELA) has a profound impact on brain function and health later in life. In rodent models, exposure to ELA results in specific cognitive deficits and aggravated AD pathology. Extensive concerns have been raised regarding the higher risk of developing cognitive impairments in people with a history of ELA. In this review, we scrutinize findings from human and animal studies focusing on the connection of ELA with cognitive impairment and AD. These discoveries suggest that ELA, especially at early postnatal stages, increases susceptibility to cognitive impairment and AD later in life. In terms of mechanisms, ELA could lead to dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, altered gut microbiome, persistent inflammation, oligodendrocyte dysfunction, hypomyelination, and aberrant adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Crosstalks among these events may synergistically contribute to cognitive impairment later in life. Additionally, we discuss several interventions that may alleviate adverse consequences of ELA. Further investigation into this crucial area will help improve ELA management and reduce the burden of related neurological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Huang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - J Dedrick Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang L, Yan C, Wang L, Ai C, Wang S, Shen C, Tong Y, Song S. Ascophyllum nodosum polysaccharide regulates gut microbiota metabolites to protect against colonic inflammation in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:810-821. [PMID: 36617886 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02964b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ascophyllum nodosum polysaccharide (ANP) can protect against colonic inflammation but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. This study has determined the metabolites of gut microbiota regulated by ANP to reveal the mechanism of the anti-inflammation effect of ANP. Using an in vitro colonic fermentation model, the results indicate that gut microbiota could utilize a proportion of ANP to increase the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and decrease ammonia content. Metabolomics revealed that 46 differential metabolites, such as betaine, L-carnitine, and aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), could be altered by ANP. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that ANP mainly up-regulated the phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, which were negatively correlated with inflammation progression. Interestingly, these metabolites associated with inflammation were also up-regulated by ANP in colitis mice, including betaine, L-carnitine, AICAR, N-acetyl-glutamine, tryptophan, and valine, which were mainly associated with amino acid metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Furthermore, the metabolites modulated by ANP were associated with the relative abundances of Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Blautia, Coprobacillus, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella. Additionally, based on VIP values, betaine is a key metabolite after the ANP supplement in vitro and in vivo. As indicated by these findings, ANP can up-regulate the production of SCFAs, betaine, L-carnitine, and AICAR and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis to protect against colonic inflammation and maintain intestinal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
| | - Chunhong Yan
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
| | - Chunqing Ai
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
| | - Songtao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Caihong Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yuqin Tong
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Shuang Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Combined Omics Analysis Further Unveils the Specific Role of Butyrate in Promoting Growth in Early-Weaning Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021787. [PMID: 36675302 PMCID: PMC9864007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal mutations in the microbial structure of early-weaning mammals are an important cause of enteritis. Based on the multiple known beneficial functions of butyrate, we hypothesized that butyrate would alleviate the imbalance of intestinal homeostasis induced by early weaning in animals. However, the mechanisms of action between butyrate and intestinal microbes are still poorly explored. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether butyrate exerts beneficial effects on the structure of the intestinal flora of weanling rabbits and their intestinal homeostasis, growth and development, and we attempted to elucidate the potential mechanisms of action through a combined omics analysis. We found that dietary butyrate upregulated the transcription of tight junction-related proteins in the epithelial barrier and improved the intestinal microbial structure by suppressing harmful bacteria and promoting beneficial ones. Intestinal and plasma metabolomes were also altered. The bile acid secretion, α-linolenic acid, apoptotic, and prostate cancer pathways responded to the positive dietary butyrate-induced metabolic changes in the weanling rabbits, resulting in the inhibition of inflammation, improved antioxidant capacity, increased rates of cell proliferation and survival, and decreased levels of apoptosis. Additionally, dietary butyrate suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory factors and enhanced positive appetite regulation, which increased the average daily gain of the rabbits. These results demonstrated that dietary butyrate can help maintain the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier, improve the structural composition of the intestinal microflora, enhance organismal metabolism, inhibit inflammation, reduce post-weaning anorexia, and promote growth and development in early-weaning rabbits. These positive effects of dietary butyrate were exerted via the modulation of the microbe-gut-brain axis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tang X, Xiong K, Fang R, Li M. Weaning stress and intestinal health of piglets: A review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1042778. [PMID: 36505434 PMCID: PMC9730250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning is considered to be one of the most critical periods in pig production, which is related to the economic benefits of pig farms. However, in actual production, many piglets are often subjected to weaning stress due to the sudden separation from the sow, the changes in diet and living environment, and other social challenges. Weaning stress often causes changes in the morphology and function of the small intestine of piglets, disrupts digestion and absorption capacity, destroys intestinal barrier function, and ultimately leads to reduced feed intake, increased diarrhea rate, and growth retardation. Therefore, correctly understanding the effects of weaning stress on intestinal health have important guiding significance for nutritional regulation of intestinal injury caused by weaning stress. In this review, we mainly reviewed the effects of weaning stress on the intestinal health of piglets, from the aspects of intestinal development, and intestinal barrier function, thereby providing a theoretical basis for nutritional strategies to alleviate weaning stress in mammals in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Tang
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, China
| | - Kangning Xiong
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, China,*Correspondence: Kangning Xiong,
| | - Rejun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Meijun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen J, Song Z, Ji R, Liu Y, Zhao H, Liu L, Li F. Chlorogenic acid improves growth performance of weaned rabbits via modulating the intestinal epithelium functions and intestinal microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1027101. [PMID: 36419414 PMCID: PMC9676508 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1027101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on growth performance, intestinal permeability, intestinal digestion and absorption-related enzyme activities, immune responses, antioxidant capacity and cecum microbial composition in weaned rabbits. One hundred and sixty weaned rabbits were allotted to four treatment groups and fed with a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 400, 800, or 1,600 mg/kg CGA, respectively. After a 35-d trial, rabbits on the 800 mg/kg CGA-supplemented group had higher (p < 0.05) ADG and lower (p < 0.05) F/G than those in control (CON) group. According to the result of growth performance, eight rabbits per group were randomly selected from the CON group and 800 mg/kg CGA group to collect serum, intestinal tissue samples and cecum chyme samples. Results showed that compared with the CON group, supplementation with 800 mg/kg CGA decreased (p < 0.05) levels of D-lactate, diamine oxidase, IL-1β, IL-6, and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased IL-10 concentration in the serum; increased (p < 0.05) jejunal ratio of villus height to crypt depth, enhanced (p < 0.05) activities of maltase and sucrase, increased (p < 0.05) concentrations of IL-10, T-AOC, MHCII and transforming growth factor-α, and decreased (p < 0.05) levels of TNF-α and MDA in the jejunum of weaned rabbits. In addition, results of high-throughput sequencing showed that CGA supplementation elevated (p < 0.05) microbial diversity and richness, and increased (p < 0.05) the abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria (including genera V9D2013_group, Monoglobus, Papillibacter, UCG-005, and Ruminococcus). These results indicated that dietary supplementation with 800 mg/kg CGA could improve the growth performance of weaned rabbits by enhancing intestinal structural integrity, improving the intestinal epithelium functions, and modulating the composition and diversity of gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhicheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Rongmei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxu Liu
- Qingdao Kangda Food Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Qingdao Kangda Food Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oral and Parenteral Vaccination against Escherichia coli in Piglets Results in Different Responses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202758. [PMID: 36290144 PMCID: PMC9597725 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The available E. coli vaccines involve two main types (inactivated and live non-pathogenic) and two routes of administration (oral and parenteral) but the mechanism by which both vaccines and routes of administration work is not yet fully elucidated. The influence of a parenteral vaccine (PV) and an oral one (OV) was studied by analyzing the gene expression of biomarkers indicating cellular infiltration (calprotectin, CAL), tight junction proteins (occludin OCL, and zonulin ZON) that maintain intestinal paracellular integration and two proinflammatory (IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β) mediator cytokines, as well as histomorphology and IgA production cell density. Differences were observed in CAL, more infiltrated in orally vaccinated animals; OCL also increased in orally vaccinated animals, and higher density of IgA-producing cells in ileum for orally vaccinated groups. Cytokine expression is also different; and there is a lower mRNA for IFN-γ in the parenteral than in the oral vaccinated animals. Finally, the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio was higher in the orally vaccinated groups. The data collectively show clear and different effects derived from the use of each type of vaccine, route of administration and regimen. The results suggest a more rapid and direct effect of oral vaccination and a state of suppression in the absence of a second oral stimulus by the pathogen.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen J, Hu N, Mao Y, Hu A, Jiang W, Huang A, Wang Y, Meng P, Hu M, Yang X, Cao Y, Yang F, Cao H. Traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions (XJZ, JSS) ameliorate spleen inflammatory response and antioxidant capacity by synergistically regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways in piglets. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:993018. [PMID: 36187836 PMCID: PMC9525143 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.993018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning transition generally impairs the immune system, inducing immune disturbance, which may be associated with post-weaning diarrhea and high mortality in piglets. The spleen is a pivotal lymphatic organ that plays a key role in the establishment of the immune system. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions, XiaoJianZhong (XJZ) and Jiansananli-sepsis (JSS), are widely used prescriptions for treating spleen damage and diarrhea. Here, we hypothesized that XJZ and JSS maintain the spleen physiological function by ameliorating antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response in weaned piglets. In this study, 18 weaned piglets were assigned to the Control, XJZ and JSS groups. By hematoxylin and eosin staining, hematological analysis, flow cytometric analysis, qRT-PCR and western blot, the effects of both TCM prescriptions on the spleen antioxidant defense system and inflammatory pathway were explored. Results showed that both TCM treatment significantly ameliorated the weaning-induced morphological damage in piglets, as evidenced by clearer and more perfect spleen histology, as well as higher relative area of white pulp. Meanwhile, both XJZ and JSS exerted better blood parameters, as supported by the changes of monocyte level and lymphocyte subpopulations CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Furthermore, the levels of inflammatory markers, IL1β, IL6, IL8, and TNF-α in the spleen were markedly decreased after supplemented with both TCM prescriptions. Importantly, the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and its downstream effector genes (IL6, IL8, and TNF-α) in both XJZ and JSS treatment groups further confirmed alleviation of inflammatory responses in the spleen. In addition, both XJZ and JSS enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the spleen by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-activated antioxidant defense system. Notably, the results of PCA and network correlation analysis indicated that XJZ and JSS treatment altered the expression profiles of inflammatory and antioxidant-related factors in the spleen of weaned-piglets, which may involve the synergy of NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways. In summary, our study showed that TCM prescriptions, XJZ and JSS could ameliorate inflammatory response and antioxidant capacity in the spleen by synergistically regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways in piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nianqing Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaqing Mao
- MOA Center for Veterinary Drug Evaluation, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Aiming Hu
- Jian Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, Jian, China
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Products Technology Application Extension Office, Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Aimin Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Jiangxi Vocational College of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Puyan Meng
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingwen Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- Jiangxi Zhongchengren Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
| | - Yuandong Cao
- Jiangxi Jiabo Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Jiujiang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Huabin Cao
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang Z, Wu Y, Liu X, Zhang M, Peng J, Wei H. S. boulardii Early Intervention Maintains Gut Microbiome Structure and Promotes Gut Mucosal Barrier Function in Early-Weaned Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173485. [PMID: 36079743 PMCID: PMC9459792 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early weaning leads to the disorder of the gut microbiome and gut mucosal barrier injury. Early intervention of gut microbiome colonization contributes to the development of the gut microbiome and gut function. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) early intervention on the gut microbiome structure and gut mucosal barrier function of early-weaned rats. The results showed that S. boulardii early intervention improved growth performance along with a decrease in pathogenic bacteria, an increase in beneficial bacteria, a stable and complex microbiome, and a high level of microbial metabolism. Moreover, S. boulardii upregulated the mucosal barrier function including goblet cells and relative gene expression, tight junction, and sIgA level. Furthermore, S. boulardii suppressed the inflammatory response and promoted the anti-inflammatory response. Our study may provide a possible early intervention strategy for preventing an early weaning-induced disorder of the gut microbiome and loss of gut mucosal barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanting Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangchen Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou X, Liu Y, Xiong X, Chen J, Tang W, He L, Zhang Z, Yin Y, Li F. Intestinal accumulation of microbiota-produced succinate caused by loss of microRNAs leads to diarrhea in weanling piglets. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2091369. [PMID: 35758253 PMCID: PMC9235893 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrheal disease is a common health problem with complex causality. Although diarrhea is accompanied by disturbances in microbial diversity, how gut microbes are involved in the occurrence of diarrhea remains largely unknown. Here, using a pig model of post-weaning stress-induced diarrhea, we aim to elucidate and enrich the mechanistic basis of diarrhea. We found significant alterations in fecal microbiome, their metabolites, and microRNAs levels in piglets with diarrhea. Specifically, loss of ssc-miRNA-425-5p and ssc-miRNA-423-3p, which inhibit the gene expression of fumarate reductase (frd) in Prevotella genus, caused succinate accumulation in piglets, which resulted in diarrhea. Single-cell RNA sequencing indicated impaired epithelial function and increased immune response in the colon of piglet with diarrhea. Notably, the accumulated succinate increased colonic fluid secretion by regulating transepithelial Cl-secretion in the epithelial cells. Meanwhile, succinate promoted colonic inflammatory responses by activating MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling in the macrophages. Overall, our findings expand the mechanistic basis of diarrhea and suggest that colonic accumulation of microbiota-produced succinate caused by loss of miRNAs leads to diarrhea in weanling piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingqing Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liuqin He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China,CONTACT Liuqin He
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Yulong Yin
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Fengna Li No 644, Yuanda 2nd Road, Furong District, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Su W, Gong T, Jiang Z, Lu Z, Wang Y. The Role of Probiotics in Alleviating Postweaning Diarrhea in Piglets From the Perspective of Intestinal Barriers. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:883107. [PMID: 35711653 PMCID: PMC9197122 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.883107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early weaning of piglets is an important strategy for improving the production efficiency of sows in modern intensive farming systems. However, due to multiple stressors such as physiological, environmental and social challenges, postweaning syndrome in piglets often occurs during early weaning period, and postweaning diarrhea (PWD) is a serious threat to piglet health, resulting in high mortality. Early weaning disrupts the intestinal barrier function of piglets, disturbs the homeostasis of gut microbiota, and destroys the intestinal chemical, mechanical and immunological barriers, which is one of the main causes of PWD in piglets. The traditional method of preventing PWD is to supplement piglet diet with antibiotics. However, the long-term overuse of antibiotics led to bacterial resistance, and antibiotics residues in animal products, threatening human health while causing dysbiosis of gut microbiota and superinfection of piglets. Antibiotic supplementation in livestock diets is prohibited in many countries and regions. Regarding this context, finding antibiotic alternatives to maintain piglet health at the critical weaning period becomes a real emergency. More and more studies showed that probiotics can prevent and treat PWD by regulating the intestinal barriers in recent years. Here, we review the research status of PWD-preventing and treating probiotics and discuss its potential mechanisms from the perspective of intestinal barriers (the intestinal microbial barrier, the intestinal chemical barrier, the intestinal mechanical barrier and the intestinal immunological barrier) in piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifa Su
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yizhen Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fu Y, Hu J, Erasmus MA, Johnson TA, Cheng HW. Effects of early-life cecal microbiota transplantation from divergently selected inbred chicken lines on growth, gut serotonin, and immune parameters in recipient chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101925. [PMID: 35613492 PMCID: PMC9130533 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that fecal microbiota transplantation exerts beneficial effects on modulating stress-related inflammation and gastrointestinal health of the host. The aim of this study was to examine if cecal microbiota transplantation (CMT) presents similar efficiency in improving the health status of egg-laying strain chickens. Chicken lines 63 and 72 divergently selected for resistance or susceptibility to Marek's disease were used as CMT donors. Eighty-four d-old male recipient chicks (a commercial DeKalb XL layer strain) were randomly assigned into 3 treatments with 7 replicates per treatment and 4 birds per replicate (n = 7): saline (control, CTRL), cecal solution of line 63 (63-CMT), and cecal solution of line 72 (72-CMT) for a 16-wk trial. Cecal transplant gavage was conducted once daily from d 1 to d 10, then boosted once weekly from wk 3 to wk 5. The results indicated that 72-CMT birds had the highest body weight and ileal villus/crypt ratio among the treatments at wk 5 (P ≤ 0.05); and higher heterophil/lymphocyte ratios than that of 63-CMT birds at wk 16 (P < 0.05). 72-CMT birds also had higher levels of plasma natural IgG and Interleukin (IL)-6 at wk 16, while 63-CMT birds had higher concentrations of ileal mucosal secretory IgA at wk 5 and plasma IL-10 at wk 16 (P < 0.05), with a tendency for lower mRNA abundance of splenic IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α at wk 16 (P = 0.08 and 0.07, respectively). In addition, 72-CMT birds tended to have the lowest serotonin concentrations (P = 0.07) with the highest serotonin turnover in the ileum at wk 5 (P < 0.05). There were no treatment effects on the levels of plasma corticosterone and testosterone at wk 16 (P > 0.05). In conclusion, early postnatal CMT from different donors led to different patterns of growth and health status through the regulation of ileal morphological structures, gut-derived serotonergic activities, peripheral cytokines, and antibody production in recipient chickens.
Collapse
|
21
|
Yan C, Xiao J, Li Z, Liu H, Zhao X, Liu J, Chen S, Zhao X. Exogenous Fecal Microbial Transplantation Alters Fearfulness, Intestinal Morphology, and Gut Microbiota in Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:706987. [PMID: 34660756 PMCID: PMC8517117 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.706987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) documented transplanting a donor fecal sample to a receipt individual for a desired physiologic effect. However, whether the gut microbiota construction, intestinal maturation, and behavioral plasticity are modulated by FMT during the early life of broilers is waiting for verification. To evaluate the role of transfer of fecal microbiota from aged broilers donor (BD) to another individual, 96 birds were equally divided into a check (CK, control) group and a broiler recipient (BR) group. FMT was conducted daily from 5 to 12 days of age to determine the future impact on body weight, behavior, intestinal development, and gut microbiota. Results indicated that fearfulness in the CK group was higher than the BR group in both the behavioral tests (p < 0.05). The muscularis mucosa, thickness of muscle layer, and thickness of serous membrane layer in the BR group were higher compared with those of the CK group in the jejunum (p < 0.05). In the gut microbiota, Shannon diversity showed no difference, while beta diversity presented a difference in principal coordination analysis (PCoA) between the CK and BR groups. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Lentisphaerae in the CK group was lower than the BR (p = 0.052) and BD (p = 0.054) groups. The relative abundance of Tenericutes in the BD group was higher than that in the CK and BR groups (p < 0.05). At the genus level, Megamonas in the CK group was higher than the BR (p = 0.06) and BD (p < 0.05) groups. In the BR group, the functional capabilities of microbial communities analyzed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were increased in the glutamatergic synapse and N-glycan biosynthesis pathways in comparison with the CK and BD groups (p < 0.05). Some characteristics of gut microbiota in the donor chickens could be transferred to recipient chickens by FMT. In conclusion, exogenous FMT as a probiotic-like administration might be an efficient way to improve the physiology and behavior of chickens. Notably, the role of microbiota for various individuals and periods remains undefined, and the mechanism of microbiota on behaviors still needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Guizhou Nayong Professor Workstation of China Agricultural University, Bijie, China
| | - Jinlong Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Guizhou Nayong Professor Workstation of China Agricultural University, Bijie, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Guizhou Nayong Professor Workstation of China Agricultural University, Bijie, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Guizhou Nayong Professor Workstation of China Agricultural University, Bijie, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xingbo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Guizhou Nayong Professor Workstation of China Agricultural University, Bijie, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tian P, Zhu H, Qian X, Chen Y, Wang Z, Zhao J, Zhang H, Wang G, Chen W. Consumption of Butylated Starch Alleviates the Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Neurobehavioral and Gut Barrier Deficits Through Reshaping the Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2021; 12:755481. [PMID: 34603341 PMCID: PMC8485752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effect of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on host health has been well recognized based on the booming knowledge from gut microbiome research. The role of SCFA in influencing psychological function is highlighted in recent years but has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the SCFA-acylated starches were used to accomplish a sizeable intestine-targeted release of the SCFAs, and the neurobehavioral, immunological, and microbial effects were further investigated. Acetylated-, butylated-, and isobutylated-starch could attenuate the depression-like behaviors and excessive corticosterone production in chronically stressed mice. Butylated- starch significantly reduced the colonic permeability via increasing the tight junction proteins (including ZO-1, Claudin, and Occludin) gene expression and reduced the level of the inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β and IL-6). The butylated starch's neurological and immunological benefits may be derived from the gut microbiome modifications, including normalizing the abundance of certain beneficial microbes (Odoribacter and Oscillibacter) and metabolomic pathways (Tryptophan synthesis and Inositol degradation). The present findings further validate the brain-beneficial effect of butyrate and offer novel guidance for developing novel food or dietary supplements for improving mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huiyue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute, Wuxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|