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Jashari B, Capitaine K, Bisha B, Stessl B, Blagoevska K, Cana A, Jankuloski D, Félix B. Molecular Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in the Food Chain of the Republic of Kosovo from 2016 to 2022. Foods 2024; 13:2883. [PMID: 39335812 PMCID: PMC11431155 DOI: 10.3390/foods13182883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the genetic characterization of L. monocytogenes strains found in the Republic of Kosovo's food chain. From 2016 to 2022, 995 samples were collected. Overall, 648 samples were from ready-to-eat (RTE) food products, 281 from food products consumed cooked (FPCC), 60 from raw materials, and 6 from environmental samples. Overall, 11.76% (117 out of 995) of the samples were contaminated by L. monocytogenes, comprising 6.33% (41 out of 648) from RTE products, 14.95% (42 out of 281) from FPCC, 55.00% (33 out of 60) from raw materials, and 16.66% (1 out of 6) from environmental samples. All isolates were subjected to molecular serotyping and clonal complex (CC) identification by using real-time PCR, as well as multilocus sequence typing. All isolates were grouped into four molecular serotypes, IIa (34.19%), IIb (3.48%), IIc (32.48%), and IVb (29.91%), as well as Lineage I (33.33%) and Lineage II (66.66%). In total, 14 CCs were identified from 41 RTE isolates; however, CC29 (7), CC2 (6), and CC6 (6) were the most dominant. By contrast, CC9 was by far the most represented CC in both FPCC (21) and RM (14). Moreover, 30 isolates expressed CC1, CC2, CC4, or CC6, which are particularly associated with severe human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besart Jashari
- Food Microbiology, Food and Veterinary Laboratory, Food and Veterinary Agency of Kosovo, Lidhja e Pejës 241, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Karine Capitaine
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for L. monocytogenes, University of Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bledar Bisha
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Centre for Food Science and Public Veterinary Health, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food Systems Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-2110 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katerina Blagoevska
- Food Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Lazar Pop-Trajkov 5-7, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Armend Cana
- Microbiology Laboratory, University for Business and Technology-Higher Education Institution, Kalabria, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Dean Jankuloski
- Food Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Lazar Pop-Trajkov 5-7, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Benjamin Félix
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for L. monocytogenes, University of Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Daza Prieto B, Pietzka A, Martinovic A, Ruppitsch W, Zuber Bogdanovic I. Surveillance and genetic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in the food chain in Montenegro during the period 2014-2022. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1418333. [PMID: 39149205 PMCID: PMC11324475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1418333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Listeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitous foodborne pathogen that represents a serious threat to public health and the food industry. Methods In this study Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize 160 L. monocytogenes isolates obtained from 22,593 different food sources in Montenegro during the years 2014-2022. Results Isolates belonged to 21 different clonal complexes (CCs), 22 sequence types (STs) and 73 core genome multilocus sequence types (cgMLST) revealing a high diversity. The most prevalent STs were ST8 (n = 29), ST9 (n = 31), ST121 (n = 19) and ST155 (n = 20). All isolates carried virulence genes (VGs), 111 isolates carried mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (ranging from 1 to 7 MGEs) and 101 isolates carried plasmids (ranging from 1 to 3 plasmids). All isolates carried the intrinsic resistance genes fosX and lin. None of the isolates carried acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Discussion/conclusion Continuous monitoring and surveillance of L. monocytogenes is needed for improving and ameliorating the public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Daza Prieto
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene/National Reference Laboratory for Listeria, Division for Public Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Graz, Austria
| | - Ariane Pietzka
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene/National Reference Laboratory for Listeria, Division for Public Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Graz, Austria
| | - Aleksandra Martinovic
- FoodHub - Centre of Excellence for Digitalization of Microbial Food Safety Risk Assessment and Quality Parameters for Accurate Food Authenticity Certification, University of Donja Gorica, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene/National Reference Laboratory for Listeria, Division for Public Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Graz, Austria
- FoodHub - Centre of Excellence for Digitalization of Microbial Food Safety Risk Assessment and Quality Parameters for Accurate Food Authenticity Certification, University of Donja Gorica, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Ivana Zuber Bogdanovic
- FoodHub - Centre of Excellence for Digitalization of Microbial Food Safety Risk Assessment and Quality Parameters for Accurate Food Authenticity Certification, University of Donja Gorica, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Diagnostic Veterinary Laboratory, Podgorica, Montenegro
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Burdová A, Véghová A, Minarovičová J, Drahovská H, Kaclíková E. The Relationship between Biofilm Phenotypes and Biofilm-Associated Genes in Food-Related Listeria monocytogenes Strains. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1297. [PMID: 39065070 PMCID: PMC11279107 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a serious foodborne illness associated with high mortality rates. Therefore, L. monocytogenes is considered a challenge for the food industry due to the ability of some strains to persist in food-associated environments. Biofilm production is presumed to contribute to increased L. monocytogenes resistance and persistence. The aims of this study were to (1) assess the biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes isolates from a meat processing facility and sheep farm previously characterized and subjected to whole-genome sequencing and (2) perform a comparative genomic analysis to compare the biofilm formation and the presence of a known set of biofilm-associated genes and related resistance or persistence markers. Among the 37 L. monocytogenes isolates of 15 sequence types and four serogroups involved in this study, 14%, 62%, and 24% resulted in the formation of weak, moderate, and strong biofilm, respectively. Increased biofilm-forming ability was associated with the presence of the stress survival islet 1 (SSI-1), inlL, and the truncated inlA genes. Combining the phenotypic and genotypic data may contribute to understanding the relationships between biofilm-associated genes and L. monocytogenes biofilm-forming ability, enabling improvement in the control of this foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Burdová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.B.); (H.D.)
| | - Adriana Véghová
- Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Priemyselná 4, 82475 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.V.); (J.M.)
| | - Jana Minarovičová
- Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Priemyselná 4, 82475 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.V.); (J.M.)
| | - Hana Drahovská
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.B.); (H.D.)
| | - Eva Kaclíková
- Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Priemyselná 4, 82475 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.V.); (J.M.)
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Lagarde J, Feurer C, Denis M, Douarre PE, Piveteau P, Roussel S. Listeria monocytogenes prevalence and genomic diversity along the pig and pork production chain. Food Microbiol 2024; 119:104430. [PMID: 38225039 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe invasive illness. This ubiquitous species is widely distributed in the environment, but infection occurs almost exclusively through ingestion of contaminated food. The pork production sector has been heavily affected by a series of L. monocytogenes-related foodborne outbreaks in the past around the world. Ready-to-eat (RTE) pork products represent one of the main food sources for strong-evidence listeriosis outbreaks. This pathogen is known to be present throughout the entire pig and pork production chain. Some studies hypothesized that the main source of contamination in final pork products was either living pigs or the food-processing environment. A detailed genomic picture of L. monocytogenes can provide a renewed understanding of the routes of contamination from pig farms to the final products. This review provides an overview of the prevalence, the genomic diversity and the genetic background linked to virulence of L. monocytogenes along the entire pig and pork production chain, from farm to fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lagarde
- ANSES, Salmonella and Listeria Unit (USEL), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France; INRAE, Unit of Process Optimisation in Food, Agriculture and the Environment (UR OPAALE), 17 avenue de Cucillé, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Carole Feurer
- IFIP, The French Pig and Pork Institute, Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, La Motte au Vicomte, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Martine Denis
- ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (UHQPAP), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, 31 rue des fusillés, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Douarre
- ANSES, Salmonella and Listeria Unit (USEL), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pascal Piveteau
- INRAE, Unit of Process Optimisation in Food, Agriculture and the Environment (UR OPAALE), 17 avenue de Cucillé, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Roussel
- ANSES, Salmonella and Listeria Unit (USEL), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Cheng J, Wu S, Ye Q, Gu Q, Zhang Y, Ye Q, Lin R, Liang X, Liu Z, Bai J, Zhang J, Chen M, Wu Q. A novel multiplex PCR based method for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes clonal complex 8. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 409:110475. [PMID: 37976619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen worldwide, which could cause listeriosis with a 20-30 % fatality rate in immunocompromised individuals. Listeria monocytogenes MLST clonal complex (CC) 8 strain is a common clone in food and clinical cases. The aim of this study was to develop multiplex PCR (mPCR) and high-resolution melting (HRM) qPCR to simultaneously detect L. monocytogenes CC8 and the other L. monocytogenes strains based on pan-genome analysis. A novel multiplex PCR and HRM qPCR targeted for the genes LM5578_1180 (specific for CC8) and LM5578_2262 (for L. monocytogenes) were developed. The specificity of this multiplex PCR and HRM qPCR were verified with other CCs of L. monocytogenes and other species strains. The detection limit of this multiplex PCR and HRM qPCR is 2.1 × 103 CFU/mL and 2.1 × 100 CFU/mL, respectively. This multiplex PCR and HRM qPCR could accurately detect CC8 strains with the interference of different ratios of L. monocytogenes CC9, CC87, CC121, CC155, and L. innocua strains. Subsequently, the detection ability of mPCR and HRM qPCR were also evaluated in spiked samples. The mPCR method could successfully detect 6.2 × 103 CFU/mL of CC8 L. monocytogenes after 6 h enrichment while the multiplex HRM qPCR method could successfully detect 6.2 × 104 CFU/mL of CC8 L. monocytogenes after 3 h enrichment. The feasibility of these methods were satisfactory in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency after evaluating 12 mushroom samples and was consistent with that of the National Standard Detection Method (GB4789.30-2016). In conclusion, the developed assays could be applied for rapid screening and detection of L. monocytogenes CC8 strains both in food and food production environments, providing accurate results to adopt monitoring measures to improve microbiological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianheng Cheng
- College of Food, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qihui Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Food, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qinglei Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ruoqin Lin
- College of Food, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xinwen Liang
- College of Food, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jianling Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
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Voronina OL, Kunda MS, Ryzhova NN, Aksenova EI, Kustova MA, Karpova TI, Melkumyan AR, Klimova EA, Gruzdeva OA, Tartakovsky IS. Listeria monocytogenes ST37 Distribution in the Moscow Region and Properties of Clinical and Foodborne Isolates. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2167. [PMID: 38004307 PMCID: PMC10672678 DOI: 10.3390/life13112167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Listerias of the phylogenetic lineage II (PLII) are common in the European environment and are hypovirulent. Despite this, they caused more than a third of the sporadic cases of listeriosis and multi-country foodborne outbreaks. L. monocytogenes ST37 is one of them. During the COVID-19 pandemic, ST37 appeared in clinical cases and ranked second in occurrence among food isolates in the Moscow region. The aim of this study was to describe the genomic features of ST37 isolates from different sources. All clinical cases of ST37 were in the cohort of male patients (age, 48-81 years) with meningitis-septicemia manifestation and COVID-19 or Influenza in the anamnesis. The core genomes of the fish isolates were closely related. The clinical and meat isolates revealed a large diversity. Prophages (2-4/genome) were the source of the unique genes. Two clinical isolates displayed pseudolysogeny, and excided prophages were A006-like. In the absence of plasmids, the assortment of virulence factors and resistance determinants in the chromosome corresponded to the hypovirulent characteristics. However, all clinical isolates caused severe disease, with deaths in four cases. Thus, these studies allow us to speculate that a previous viral infection increases human susceptibility to listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L. Voronina
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gamaleya Str., 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.K.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.A.K.); (T.I.K.); (I.S.T.)
| | - Marina S. Kunda
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gamaleya Str., 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.K.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.A.K.); (T.I.K.); (I.S.T.)
| | - Natalia N. Ryzhova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gamaleya Str., 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.K.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.A.K.); (T.I.K.); (I.S.T.)
| | - Ekaterina I. Aksenova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gamaleya Str., 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.K.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.A.K.); (T.I.K.); (I.S.T.)
| | - Margarita A. Kustova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gamaleya Str., 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.K.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.A.K.); (T.I.K.); (I.S.T.)
| | - Tatiana I. Karpova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gamaleya Str., 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.K.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.A.K.); (T.I.K.); (I.S.T.)
| | - Alina R. Melkumyan
- F.I. Inosemtsev City Clinical Hospital, Fortunatovskaya Str., 1, 105187 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena A. Klimova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Delegatskaya Str., 20, Building 1, 127473 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Olga A. Gruzdeva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Barrikadnaya Str., 2/1, Building 1, 125993 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor S. Tartakovsky
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gamaleya Str., 18, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.K.); (N.N.R.); (E.I.A.); (M.A.K.); (T.I.K.); (I.S.T.)
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Brauge T, Leleu G, Hanin A, Capitaine K, Felix B, Midelet G. Genetic population structure of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from salmon and trout sectors in France. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18154. [PMID: 37483814 PMCID: PMC10362350 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoked salmon and smoked trout are ready-to-eat and potentially contaminated with the pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes making them high risk for the consumer. This raises questions about the presence of hypervirulent or persistent strains in the salmon and trout industries. Knowledge of the genetic diversity of circulating strains in these sectors is essential to evaluate the risk associated with this pathogen and improve food safety. We analyzed the genetic structure of 698 strains of L. monocytogenes isolated from 2006 to 2017 in France, based on their serogroup, lineage and clonal complexes (CCs) determined by Multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Most of the CCs were identified by mapping the strains PFGE profiles and a novel high-throughput real-time PCR method for CC identification. We identified thirteen CCs and one sequence type (ST) with variable distribution in salmon and trout samples (food, environment). The three most prevalent CCs were CC121, CC26 and CC204. Strains from ST191 and CC54 were detected for the first time in these sectors, while less than 0.6% of the isolates belonged to the hyper-virulent CC1, CC6 and CC20. No CC was exclusively associated with the salmon sector. This project allowed us to assess the population diversity of CCs of L. monocytogenes in the salmon and trout industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brauge
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, 62200, Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Guylaine Leleu
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, 62200, Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | | | - Karine Capitaine
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benjamin Felix
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Graziella Midelet
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, 62200, Boulogne sur Mer, France
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Félix B, Capitaine K, Te S, Felten A, Gillot G, Feurer C, van den Bosch T, Torresi M, Sréterné Lancz Z, Delannoy S, Brauge T, Midelet G, Leblanc JC, Roussel S. Identification by High-Throughput Real-Time PCR of 30 Major Circulating Listeria monocytogenes Clonal Complexes in Europe. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0395422. [PMID: 37158749 PMCID: PMC10269651 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03954-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous bacterium that causes a foodborne illness, listeriosis. Most strains can be classified into major clonal complexes (CCs) that account for the majority of outbreaks and sporadic cases in Europe. In addition to the 20 CCs known to account for the majority of human and animal clinical cases, 10 CCs are frequently reported in food production, thereby posing a serious challenge for the agrifood industry. Therefore, there is a need for a rapid and reliable method to identify these 30 major CCs. The high-throughput real-time PCR assay presented here provides accurate identification of these 30 CCs and eight genetic subdivisions within four CCs, splitting each CC into two distinct subpopulations, along with the molecular serogroup of a strain. Based on the BioMark high-throughput real-time PCR system, our assay analyzes 46 strains against 40 real-time PCR arrays in a single experiment. This European study (i) designed the assay from a broad panel of 3,342 L. monocytogenes genomes, (ii) tested its sensitivity and specificity on 597 sequenced strains collected from 24 European countries, and (iii) evaluated its performance in the typing of 526 strains collected during surveillance activities. The assay was then optimized for conventional multiplex real-time PCR for easy implementation in food laboratories. It has already been used for outbreak investigations. It represents a key tool for assisting food laboratories to establish strain relatedness with human clinical strains during outbreak investigations and for helping food business operators by improving their microbiological management plans. IMPORTANCE Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is the reference method for Listeria monocytogenes typing but is expensive and takes time to perform, from 3 to 5 days for laboratories that outsource sequencing. Thirty major MLST clonal complexes (CCs) are circulating in the food chain and are currently identifiable only by sequencing. Therefore, there is a need for a rapid and reliable method to identify these CCs. The method presented here enables the rapid identification, by real-time PCR, of 30 CCs and eight genetic subdivisions within four CCs, splitting each CC into two distinct subpopulations. The assay was then optimized on different conventional multiplex real-time PCR systems for easy implementation in food laboratories. The two assays will be used for frontline identification of L. monocytogenes isolates prior to whole-genome sequencing. Such assays are of great interest for all food industry stakeholders and public agencies for tracking L. monocytogenes food contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Félix
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Karine Capitaine
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandrine Te
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Arnaud Felten
- ANSES, Ploufragan/Plouzané/Niort Laboratory, Viral Genetics and Bio-Security Unit, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Carole Feurer
- IFIP–The French Pig and Pork Institute, Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, Le Rheu, France
| | - Tijs van den Bosch
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Department of Bacteriology, Molecular Technology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Torresi
- National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale” Via Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | - Zsuzsanna Sréterné Lancz
- Microbiological National Reference Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Food Chain Safety Laboratory Directorate, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, IdentyPath Platform, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Brauge
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Graziella Midelet
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Jean-Charles Leblanc
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Roussel
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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9
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Minarovičová J, Adriana V, Zuzana K, Andrezál M, Hana D, Eva K. Tracing of persistent Listeria monocytogenes contamination in ewe's milk farm. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:6988184. [PMID: 36695431 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ewe's milk farm production is permanently associated with the risk of contamination by pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes. In the present study, the prevalence and diversity of L. monocytogenes strains repeatedly isolated from tank ewe's milk and the milking environment on a farm in Slovakia during a prolonged period were investigated to identify the source of potentially persistent contamination. A total of 140 samples along the milk production chain were collected during an 18-month period. From all these samples, 45 samples were found L. monocytogenes positive with 90.3% positivity of tank milk samples (28 positive samples from 31 analysed). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiling resulted in strain discrimination into six profiles with one pulsotype (NS1) corresponding to MLST-ST14 being predominant. A total of 17 proportionally selected L. monocytogenes isolates, including 11 NS1/ST14 isolates, were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Resulted data were used to compare the genomes diversity and to confirm the persistent contamination when <10 allelic differences threshold in cgMLST analysis was applied. The source of persistent contamination was localized inside the milking apparatus, probably in shelters that were very difficult to clean. Despite great efforts, the ewe's milk contamination could not be eliminated during the reporting period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Minarovičová
- Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Priemyselná 4, 82475 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Véghová Adriana
- Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Priemyselná 4, 82475 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kubicová Zuzana
- State Veterinary and Food Institute, Jánoškova 1611/58, 026 01 Dolný Kubín, Slovakia
| | - Michal Andrezál
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava 4, Slovakia
| | - Drahovská Hana
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava 4, Slovakia.,Science Park, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kaclíková Eva
- Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Priemyselná 4, 82475 Bratislava, Slovakia
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10
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Oswaldi V, Lüth S, Dzierzon J, Meemken D, Schwarz S, Feßler AT, Félix B, Langforth S. Distribution and Characteristics of Listeria spp. in Pigs and Pork Production Chains in Germany. Microorganisms 2022; 10:512. [PMID: 35336088 PMCID: PMC8950219 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause disease, mainly in elderly, pregnant or immunocompromised persons through consumption of contaminated food, including pork products. It is widespread in the environment and can also be found in asymptomatic carrier animals, for example, in different tissues of pigs. To learn more about their nature, 16 Listeria spp. isolates found in tonsils and intestinal content of pigs and 13 isolates from the slaughterhouse environment were characterized using next-generation sequencing (NGS). A wide distribution of clonal complexes was observed in pigs, as well as in the pork production chain, suggesting multiple sources of entry. Hypervirulent clones were found in pig tonsils, showing the potential risk of pigs as source of isolates causing human disease. The presence of closely related isolates along the production chain suggests a cross-contamination in the slaughterhouse or recontamination from the same source, strengthening the importance of efficient cleaning and disinfection procedures. The phenotypical antimicrobial resistance status of L. monocytogenes isolates was examined via broth microdilution and revealed a low resistance level. Nevertheless, genotypical resistance data suggested multiple resistances in some non-pathogenic L. innocua isolates from pig samples, which might pose a risk of spreading resistances to pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Oswaldi
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.D.); (D.M.); (S.L.)
- Animal Health Team, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.S.); (A.T.F.)
| | - Stefanie Lüth
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg1, 12277 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Janine Dzierzon
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.D.); (D.M.); (S.L.)
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.S.); (A.T.F.)
| | - Diana Meemken
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.D.); (D.M.); (S.L.)
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.S.); (A.T.F.)
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.S.); (A.T.F.)
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea T. Feßler
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.S.); (A.T.F.)
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Félix
- Salmonella and Listeria Unit, Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), University of Paris-Est, 14, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, CEDEX, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Susann Langforth
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.D.); (D.M.); (S.L.)
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 8, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.S.); (A.T.F.)
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