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Ye C, Liu X, Liu Z, Pan C, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Sun H. Fusobacterium nucleatum in tumors: from tumorigenesis to tumor metastasis and tumor resistance. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2306676. [PMID: 38289287 PMCID: PMC10829845 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2306676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum, an anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium primarily residing in the oral cavity, has garnered significant attention for its emerging role in cancer progression and prognosis. While extensive research has revealed mechanistic links between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer, a comprehensive review spanning its presence and metastatic implications in cancers beyond colorectal origin is conspicuously absent. This paper broadens our perspective from colorectal cancer to various malignancies associated with Fusobacterium nucleatum, including oral, pancreatic, esophageal, breast, and gastric cancers. Our central focus is to unravel the mechanisms governing Fusobacterium nucleatum colonization, initiation, and promotion of metastasis across diverse cancer types. Additionally, we explore Fusobacterium nucleatum's adverse impacts on cancer therapies, particularly within the domains of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Furthermore, this paper underscores the clinical research significance of Fusobacterium nucleatum as a potential tumor biomarker and therapeutic target, offering a novel outlook on its applicability in cancer detection and prognostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ye
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilun Liu
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuxuan Pan
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanyi Zhao
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central People’s Hospital of Ji’an, Shanghai East Hospital of Ji’an, Ji’an, China
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2
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He M, Yin S, Huang X, Li Y, Li B, Gong T, Liu Q. Insights into the regulatory role of bacterial sncRNA and its extracellular delivery via OMVs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:29. [PMID: 38159117 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) play important regulatory roles in bacterial physiological processes and host-pathogen interactions. Meanwhile, bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), as naturally secreted outer membrane structures, play a vital role in the interaction between bacteria and their living environment, including the host environment. However, most current studies focus on the biological functions of sncRNAs in bacteria or hosts, while neglecting the roles and regulatory mechanisms of the OMVs that encapsulate these sncRNAs. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the intracellular regulatory roles of bacterial sncRNAs in promoting pathogen survival by regulating virulence, modulating bacterial drug resistance, and regulating iron metabolism, and their extracellular regulatory function for influencing host immunity through host-pathogen interactions. Additionally, we introduce the key role played by OMVs, which serve as important cargoes in bacterial sncRNA-host interactions. We propose emerging pathways of sncRNA action to further discuss the mode of host-pathogen interactions, highlighting that the inhibition of sncRNA delivery by OMVs may prevent the occurrence of infection to some extent. Hence, this review lays the foundation for future prophylactic treatments against bacterial infections and strategies for addressing bacterial drug resistance. KEY POINTS: •sncRNAs have intracellular and extracellular regulatory functions in bacterial physiological processes and host-pathogen interactions. •OMVs are potential mediators between bacterial sncRNAs and host cells. •OMVs encapsulating sncRNAs have more potential biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdan He
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Advanced Diagnostic Technology and Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shuanshuan Yin
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Advanced Diagnostic Technology and Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xinlei Huang
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Li
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Advanced Diagnostic Technology and Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Biaoxian Li
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Advanced Diagnostic Technology and Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Tian Gong
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Advanced Diagnostic Technology and Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Advanced Diagnostic Technology and Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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3
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Zhang H, Lin Y, Li S, Bi J, Zeng J, Mo C, Xu S, Jia B, Lu Y, Liu C, Liu Z. Effects of bacterial extracellular vesicles derived from oral and gastrointestinal pathogens on systemic diseases. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127788. [PMID: 38833831 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Oral microbiota and gastrointestinal microbiota, the two largest microbiomes in the human body, are closely correlated and frequently interact through the oral-gut axis. Recent research has focused on the roles of these microbiomes in human health and diseases. Under normal conditions, probiotics and commensal bacteria can positively impact health. However, altered physiological states may induce dysbiosis, increasing the risk of pathogen colonization. Studies suggest that oral and gastrointestinal pathogens contribute not only to localized diseases at their respective colonized sites but also to the progression of systemic diseases. However, the mechanisms by which bacteria at these local sites are involved in systemic diseases remain elusive. In response to this gap, the focus has shifted to bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), which act as mediators of communication between the microbiota and the host. Numerous studies have reported the targeted delivery of bacterial pathogenic substances from the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract to distant organs via BEVs. These pathogenic components subsequently elicit specific cellular responses in target organs, thereby mediating the progression of systemic diseases. This review aims to elucidate the extensive microbial communication via the oral-gut axis, summarize the types and biogenesis mechanisms of BEVs, and highlight the translocation pathways of oral and gastrointestinal BEVs in vivo, as well as the impacts of pathogens-derived BEVs on systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yunhe Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiaming Bi
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiawei Zeng
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chuzi Mo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chengxia Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Ma RY, Deng ZL, Du QY, Dai MQ, Luo YY, Liang YE, Dai XZ, Guo SM, Zhao WH. Enterococcus faecalis Extracellular Vesicles Promote Apical Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2024; 103:672-682. [PMID: 38679731 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241230867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is an important contributor to the persistence of chronic apical periodontitis. However, the mechanism by which E. faecalis infection in the root canals and dentinal tubules affects periapical tissue remains unclear. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as natural carriers of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and have recently attracted considerable attention. In this study, we investigated the role of EVs derived from E. faecalis in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis. We observed that E. faecalis EVs can induce inflammatory bone destruction in the periapical areas of mice. Double-labeling immunofluorescence indicated that M1 macrophage infiltration was increased by E. faecalis EVs in apical lesions. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated the internalization of E. faecalis EVs into macrophages. Macrophages tended to polarize toward the M1 profile after treatment with E. faecalis EVs. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize MAMPs of bacterial EVs and, in turn, trigger inflammatory responses. Thus, we performed further mechanistic exploration, which showed that E. faecalis EVs considerably increased the expression of NOD2, a cytoplasmic PRR, and that inhibition of NOD2 markedly reduced macrophage M1 polarization induced by E. faecalis EVs. RIPK2 ubiquitination is a major downstream of NOD2. We also observed increased RIPK2 ubiquitination in macrophages treated with E. faecalis EVs, and E. faecalis EV-induced macrophage M1 polarization was notably alleviated by the RIPK2 ubiquitination inhibitor. Our study revealed the potential for EVs to be considered a virulence factor of E. faecalis and found that E. faecalis EVs can promote macrophage M1 polarization via NOD2/RIPK2 signaling. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate apical periodontitis development from the perspective of bacterial vesicles and demonstrate the role and mechanism of E. faecalis EVs in macrophage polarization. This study expands our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of E. faecalis and provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z L Deng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Y Du
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Q Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Y Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y E Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Z Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S M Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W H Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Didilescu AC, Chinthamani S, Scannapieco FA, Sharma A. NLRP3 inflammasome activity and periodontal disease pathogenesis-A bidirectional relationship. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38817019 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is an inflammatory oral disease that occurs as a result of the damaging effects of the immune response against the subgingival microflora. Among the mechanisms involved, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins family member NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3), proposed as the key regulator of macrophage-induced inflammation, is strongly associated with periodontal disease due to the bacterial activators. This paper aimed to present key general concepts of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and regulation in periodontal disease. METHOD A narrative review was conducted in order to depict the current knowledge on the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome activity and periodontal disease. In vitro and in situ studies were retrieved and commented based on their relevance in the field. RESULTS The NLRP3 inflammasome activity stimulated by periodontal microbiota drive periodontal disease pathogenesis and progression. This occurs through the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and DAMPs (damage-associated molecular pattern molecules) following inflammasome activation. Moreover, the tissue expression of NLRP3 is dysregulated by oral microbiota, further exacerbating periodontal inflammation. CONCLUSION The review provides new insights into the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome activity and periodontal disease pathogenesis, highlighting the roles and regulatory mechanism of inflammatory molecules involved in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea C Didilescu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sreedevi Chinthamani
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Frank A Scannapieco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ashu Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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6
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Wang J, Liu C, Cutler J, Ivanovski S, Lee RS, Han P. Microbial- and host immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis and therapy of periodontitis: A narrative review. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38758729 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by dysbiotic biofilms and destructive host immune responses. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are circulating nanoparticles released by microbes and host cells involved in cell-to-cell communication, found in body biofluids, such as saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). EVs are mainly involved in cell-to-cell communication, and may hold promise for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Periodontal research has examined the potential involvement of bacterial- and host-cell-derived EVs in disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy, but data remains scarce on immune cell- or microbial-derived EVs. In this narrative review, we first provide an overview of the role of microbial and host-derived EVs on disease pathogenesis. Recent studies reveal that Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) can activate inflammatory cytokine release in host cells, while M1 macrophage EVs may contribute to bone loss. Additionally, we summarised current in vitro and pre-clinical research on the utilisation of immune cell and microbial-derived EVs as potential therapeutic tools in the context of periodontal treatment. Studies indicate that EVs from M2 macrophages and dendritic cells promote bone regeneration in animal models. While bacterial EVs remain underexplored for periodontal therapy, preliminary research suggests that P. gingivalis OMVs hold promise as vaccine candidates. Finally, we acknowledge the current limitations present in the field of translating immune cell derived EVs and microbial derived EVs in periodontology. It is concluded that microbial and host immune cell-derived EVs have a role in periodontitis pathogenesis and hence may be useful for studying disease pathophysiology, and as diagnostic and treatment monitoring biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Wang
- School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chun Liu
- School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Cutler
- School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan Sb Lee
- School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pingping Han
- School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Chen Z, Cao Y, Jiang W, Yan Z, Cai G, Ye J, Wang H, Liu L. Porphyromonas gingivalis OMVs promoting endothelial dysfunction via the STING pathway in periodontitis. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38696515 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles (Pg-OMVs) in chronic periodontitis and explore the underlying mechanism involved. METHODS In vitro, Pg-OMVs were incubated with Ea.hy926 (vessel endothelial cells, ECs) to evaluate their effects on endothelial functions and to investigate the underlying mechanism. The effects of endothelial dysfunction on MG63 osteoblast-like cells were verified using an indirect co-culture method. For in vivo studies, micro-CT was conducted to identify alveolar bone mass. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to confirm the levels of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in the blood vessel and the number of Runx2+ cells around the alveolar bone. RESULTS Pg-OMVs were endocytosed by ECs, leading to endothelial dysfunction. The cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway was activated in ECs, which subsequently inhibited MG63 migration and early osteogenesis differentiation. In vivo, Pg-OMVs promoted alveolar bone resorption, increased STING levels in the blood vessel, and decreased Runx2+ cells around the alveolar bone. CONCLUSIONS Pg-OMVs caused endothelial dysfunction and activated the cGAS-STING-TBK1 signal cascade in ECs, thereby impairing ECs-mediated osteogenesis. Furthermore, Pg-OMVs aggregated alveolar bone loss and altered the blood vessel-mediated osteogenesis with elevated STING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxiu Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Zixin Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Guanhui Cai
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Luwei Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Xiu L, Wu Y, Lin G, Zhang Y, Huang L. Bacterial membrane vesicles: orchestrators of interkingdom interactions in microbial communities for environmental adaptation and pathogenic dynamics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371317. [PMID: 38576623 PMCID: PMC10991846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) have attracted increasing attention due to their significant roles in bacterial physiology and pathogenic processes. In this review, we provide an overview of the importance and current research status of MVs in regulating bacterial physiology and pathogenic processes, as well as their crucial roles in environmental adaptation and pathogenic infections. We describe the formation mechanism, composition, structure, and functions of MVs, and discuss the various roles of MVs in bacterial environmental adaptation and pathogenic infections. Additionally, we analyze the limitations and challenges of MV-related research and prospect the potential applications of MVs in environmental adaptation, pathogenic mechanisms, and novel therapeutic strategies. This review emphasizes the significance of understanding and studying MVs for the development of new insights into bacterial environmental adaptation and pathogenic processes. Overall, this review contributes to our understanding of the intricate interplay between bacteria and their environment and provides valuable insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting bacterial pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gongshi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Marine & Fisheries Research Institute, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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9
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Lan HR, Chen M, Yao SY, Chen JX, Jin KT. Novel immunotherapies for breast cancer: Focus on 2023 findings. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111549. [PMID: 38266449 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a revolutionary approach in cancer therapy, and recent advancements hold significant promise for breast cancer (BCa) management. Employing the patient's immune system to combat BCa has become a focal point in immunotherapeutic investigations. Strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell transfer (ACT), and targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) have disclosed encouraging clinical outcomes. ICIs, particularly programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 inhibitors, exhibit efficacy in specific BCa subtypes, including triple-negative BCa (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cancers. ACT approaches, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, showed promising clinical outcomes in enhancing tumor recognition and elimination. Targeting the TME through immune agonists and oncolytic viruses signifies a burgeoning field of research. While challenges persist in patient selection, resistance mechanisms, and combination therapy optimization, these novel immunotherapies hold transformative potential for BCa treatment. Continued research and clinical trials are imperative to refine and implement these innovative approaches, paving the way for improved outcomes and revolutionizing the management of BCa. This review provides a concise overview of the latest immunotherapies (2023 studies) in BCa, highlighting their potential and current status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Shi-Ya Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Jun-Xia Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China.
| | - Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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10
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Huang S, Lin J, Han X. Extracellular vesicles-Potential link between periodontal disease and diabetic complications. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38227219 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
It has long been suggested that a bidirectional impact exists between periodontitis and diabetes. Periodontitis may affect diabetes glycemic control, insulin resistance, and diabetic complications. Diabetes can worsen periodontitis by delaying wound healing and increasing the chance of infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous particles of membrane-enclosed spherical structure secreted by eukaryotes and prokaryotes and play a key role in a variety of diseases. This review will introduce the biogenesis, release, and biological function of EVs from a microbial and host cell perspective, discuss the functional properties of EVs in the development of periodontitis and diabetes, and explore their role in the pathogenesis and clinical application of these two diseases. Their clinical implication and diagnostic value are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Huang
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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Magaña G, Harvey C, Taggart CC, Rodgers AM. Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles: Role in Pathogenesis and Host-Cell Interactions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 13:32. [PMID: 38247591 PMCID: PMC10812699 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are small, spherical structures released from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria into the surrounding environment. Investigations into OMVs range from their biogenesis and cargo composition to their ability to transfer virulence factors and modulate host immune responses. This emerging understanding of OMVs has unveiled their pivotal role in the pathogenicity of infectious diseases, shedding light on their interactions with host cells, their contributions to inflammation, their potential involvement in antimicrobial resistance, and their promising use for the development of novel treatments and therapies. Numerous studies have associated the OMVs of pathogenic bacteria with the exacerbation of inflammatory diseases, underlining the significance of understanding the mechanisms associated with these vesicles to find alternatives for combating these conditions. Additionally, OMVs possess the ability to act as decoys, absorbing and neutralizing antibiotics, which significantly diminishes the efficacy of a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agents. Another subtopic of interest is OMVs produced by commensal microbiota. These vesicles are increasingly acknowledged for their mutualistic functions, significantly influencing their host's physiology and immune responses. Consequently, OMVs play a crucial role in maintaining a balanced gut microbiota by fostering symbiotic relationships that significantly contribute to the overall health and well-being of the host. This comprehensive review aims to provide an up-to-date review of OMVs derived from Gram-negative bacteria, summarizing current research findings, and elucidating the multifaceted role of these vesicles in diverse biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aoife M. Rodgers
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (G.M.); (C.H.); (C.C.T.)
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12
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Liu X, Sun M, Pu F, Ren J, Qu X. Transforming Intratumor Bacteria into Immunopotentiators to Reverse Cold Tumors for Enhanced Immuno-chemodynamic Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26296-26307. [PMID: 37987621 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has an unsatisfactory therapeutic outcome due to an immunologically "cold" microenvironment. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) was found to be colonized in triple-negative breast tumors and was responsible for the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tumor metastasis. Herein, we constructed a bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-coated nanoplatform that precisely targeted tumor tissues for dual killing of F. nucleatum and cancer cells, thus transforming intratumor bacteria into immunopotentiators in immunotherapy of TNBC. The as-prepared nanoparticles efficiently induced immunogenic cell death through a Fenton-like reaction, resulting in enhanced immunogenicity. Meanwhile, intratumoral F. nucleatum was killed by metronidazole, resulting in the release of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PAMPs cooperated with OMVs further facilitated the maturation of dendritic cells and subsequent T-cell infiltration. As a result, the "kill two birds with one stone" strategy warmed up the cold tumor environment, maximized the antitumor immune response, and achieved efficient therapy of TNBC as well as metastasis prevention. Overall, this strategy based on a microecology distinction in tumor and normal tissue as well as microbiome-induced reversal of cold tumors provides new insight into the precise and efficient immune therapy of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Fang Pu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
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13
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Wang M, Liu H, Huang M, Huang Y, Ming Y, Chen W, Chen Y, Tang Z, Jia B. Immunomodulatory functions of microorganisms in tissue regenerative healing. Acta Biomater 2023; 172:38-52. [PMID: 37816417 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
External pathogenic microorganisms and commensal microorganisms in the body have either harmful or beneficial impacts on the regenerative repair of tissues, and the immune system plays a crucial regulatory role in this process. This review summarises our current understanding of microorganism-immune system interactions, with a focus on how these interactions impact the renewal and repair ability of tissues, including skin, bone, gut, liver, and nerves. This review concludes with a discussion of the mechanisms by which microbes act on various types of immune cells to affect tissue regeneration, offers potential strategies for using microbial therapies to enhance the regenerative repair function of tissues, and suggest novel therapeutic approaches for regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microbiological communities have crucial impacts on human health and illness by participating in energy collection and storage and performing various metabolic processes. External pathogenic microorganisms and commensal microorganisms in the body have either harmful or beneficial impacts on the regenerative repair of tissues, and the immune system plays a critical regulatory role in this process. This study reviews the important correlation between microorganisms and the immune system and investigates the mechanism of various microorganism that participate in the regeneration and repair of tissues and organs by modulating immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Lim Y, Kim HY, Han D, Choi B. Proteome and immune responses of extracellular vesicles derived from macrophages infected with the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12381. [PMID: 38014595 PMCID: PMC10682907 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque and is associated with systemic inflammatory diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from host cells and pathogens carry a variety of biological molecules and are of interest for their role in disease progression and as diagnostic markers. In the present study, we analysed the proteome and inflammatory response of EVs derived from macrophages infected with Tannerella forsythia, a periodontal pathogen. The EVs isolated from the cell conditioned medium of T. forsythia-infected macrophages were divided into two distinct vesicles, macrophage-derived EVs and T. forsythia-derived OMVs, by size exclusion chromatography combined with density gradient ultracentrifugation. Proteome analysis showed that in T. forsythia infection, macrophage-derived EVs were enriched with pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators associated with periodontitis progression. T. forsythia-derived OMVs harboured several known virulence factors, including BspA, sialidase, GroEL and various bacterial lipoproteins. T. forsythia-derived OMVs induced pro-inflammatory responses via TLR2 activation. In addition, we demonstrated that T. forsythia actively released OMVs when T. forsythia encountered macrophage-derived soluble molecules. Taken together, our results provide insight into the characterisation of EVs derived from cells infected with a periodontal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggap Lim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Dental Research Institute, School of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine & Advanced TechnologySeoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research InstituteSeoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of MedicineSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Bong‐Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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15
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Minami S, Chikazu D, Ochiya T, Yoshioka Y. Extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsies in cancer: Future biomarkers for oral cancer. Transl Oncol 2023; 38:101786. [PMID: 37713973 PMCID: PMC10509717 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with approximately 530,000 new cases and 300,000 deaths each year. The process of carcinogenesis is complex, and survival rates have not changed significantly in recent decades. Early detection of cancer, prognosis prediction, treatment selection, and monitoring of progression are important to improve survival. With the recent significant advances in analytical technology, liquid biopsy has made it possible to achieve these goals. In this review, we report new results from clinical and cancer research applications of liquid biopsy, focusing on extracellular vesicles (EVs) among the major targets of liquid biopsy, namely, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and EVs. In addition, the potential application of EVs derived from gram-negative bacteria (outer membrane vesicles; OMVs) among oral bacteria, which have recently attracted much attention, to liquid biopsy for oral cancer will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Minami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Daichi Chikazu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
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16
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Mao H, Gong T, Sun Y, Yang S, Qiao X, Yang D. Bacterial growth stage determines the yields, protein composition, and periodontal pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1193198. [PMID: 37900318 PMCID: PMC10602934 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction P. gingivalis (W83), as the keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, has been found to be tightly bound to systemic diseases. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by P. gingivalis (W83) are thought to serve key functions in bacterial virulence and pathogenicity. This study aims to comprehend the biological functions of P. gingivalis OMVs isolated from different growth stages by comparing their physicochemical properties and pathogenicity. Methods Protein composition was analyzed via isotope-labeled relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). Macrophage polarization and the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β were detected. The proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and IL-1b/NLRP3 expression of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were evaluated. P. gingivalis/P. gingivalis OMVs-induced periodontal models were also constructed in Sprague Dawley rats. Results The protein composition of P. gingivalis OMVs isolated from different growth stages demonstrated obvious differences ranging from 25 KDa to 75 KDa. In the results of flow cytometry, we found that in vitro experiments the M1 subtype of macrophages was more abundant in the late-log OMVs and stationary OMVs groups which boosted the production of inflammatory cytokines more than pre-log OMVs. Compared to pre-log OMVs, late-log OMVs and stationary OMVs had more pronounced inhibitory effects on proliferation, migration, and early osteogenesis of PDLSCs. The NLRP3 inflammasome was activated to a larger extent in the stationary OMVs group. Micro-computed tomography (Micro CT), hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), and tartrate acid phosphatase (TRAP) results showed that the periodontal damage in the stationary OMVs group was worse than that in the pre-log OMVs and late-log OMVs group, but almost equal to that in the positive control group (P. gingivalis). Discussion In general, both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that late-log OMVs and stationary OMVs have more significant pathogenicity in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchen Mao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyao Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Deqin Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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17
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Wang Y, Luo X, Xiang X, Hao C, Ma D. Roles of bacterial extracellular vesicles in systemic diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1258860. [PMID: 37840728 PMCID: PMC10569430 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1258860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that in various systems, not all bidirectional microbiota-host interactions involve direct cell contact. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) may be key participants in this interkingdom crosstalk. BEVs mediate microbiota functions by delivering effector molecules that modulate host signaling pathways, thereby facilitating host-microbe interactions. BEV production during infections by both pathogens and probiotics has been observed in various host tissues. Therefore, these vesicles released by microbiota may have the ability to drive or inhibit disease pathogenesis in different systems within the host. Here, we review the current knowledge of BEVs and particularly emphasize their interactions with the host and the pathogenesis of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinghong Luo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozhen Xiang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbo Hao
- Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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18
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Chen S, Lei Q, Zou X, Ma D. The role and mechanisms of gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1157813. [PMID: 37398647 PMCID: PMC10313905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1157813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical, bilayered, and nanosized membrane vesicles that are secreted from gram-negative bacteria. OMVs play a pivotal role in delivering lipopolysaccharide, proteins and other virulence factors to target cells. Multiple studies have found that OMVs participate in various inflammatory diseases, including periodontal disease, gastrointestinal inflammation, pulmonary inflammation and sepsis, by triggering pattern recognition receptors, activating inflammasomes and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. OMVs also affect inflammation in distant organs or tissues via long-distance cargo transport in various diseases, including atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we primarily summarize the role of OMVs in inflammatory diseases, describe the mechanism through which OMVs participate in inflammatory signal cascades, and discuss the effects of OMVs on pathogenic processes in distant organs or tissues with the aim of providing novel insights into the role and mechanism of OMVs in inflammatory diseases and the prevention and treatment of OMV-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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19
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Composition and functions of bacterial membrane vesicles. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023:10.1038/s41579-023-00875-5. [PMID: 36932221 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living matter. In Gram-negative bacteria, membrane vesicles (MVs) can originate either from blebs of the outer membrane or from endolysin-triggered explosive cell lysis, which is often induced by genotoxic stress. Although less is known about the mechanisms of vesiculation in Gram-positive and Gram-neutral bacteria, recent research has shown that both lysis and blebbing mechanisms also exist in these organisms. Evidence has accumulated over the past years that different biogenesis routes lead to distinct types of MV with varied structure and composition. In this Review, we discuss the different types of MV and their potential cargo packaging mechanisms. We summarize current knowledge regarding how MV composition determines their various functions including support of bacterial growth via the disposal of waste material, nutrient scavenging, export of bioactive molecules, DNA transfer, neutralization of phages, antibiotics and bactericidal functions, delivery of virulence factors and toxins to host cells and inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We also discuss the advantages of MV-mediated secretion compared with classic bacterial secretion systems and we introduce the concept of quantal secretion.
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Deng DK, Zhang JJ, Gan D, Zou JK, Wu RX, Tian Y, Yin Y, Li X, Chen FM, He XT. Roles of extracellular vesicles in periodontal homeostasis and their therapeutic potential. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:545. [PMID: 36585740 PMCID: PMC9801622 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal tissue is a highly dynamic and frequently stimulated area where homeostasis is easily destroyed, leading to proinflammatory periodontal diseases. Bacteria-bacteria and cell-bacteria interactions play pivotal roles in periodontal homeostasis and disease progression. Several reviews have comprehensively summarized the roles of bacteria and stem cells in periodontal homeostasis. However, they did not describe the roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from bacteria and cells. As communication mediators evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to eukaryotic cells, EVs secreted by bacteria or cells can mediate interactions between bacteria and their hosts, thereby offering great promise for the maintenance of periodontal homeostasis. This review offers an overview of EV biogenesis, the effects of EVs on periodontal homeostasis, and recent advances in EV-based periodontal regenerative strategies. Specifically, we document the pathogenic roles of bacteria-derived EVs (BEVs) in periodontal dyshomeostasis, focusing on plaque biofilm formation, immune evasion, inflammatory pathway activation and tissue destruction. Moreover, we summarize recent advancements in cell-derived EVs (CEVs) in periodontal homeostasis, emphasizing the multifunctional biological effects of CEVs on periodontal tissue regeneration. Finally, we discuss future challenges and practical perspectives for the clinical translation of EV-based therapies for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Kun Deng
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiu-Jiu Zhang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dian Gan
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-Kang Zou
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xin Wu
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Tian
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yin
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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Qu M, Zhu H, Zhang X. Extracellular vesicle-mediated regulation of macrophage polarization in bacterial infections. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1039040. [PMID: 36619996 PMCID: PMC9815515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1039040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-enveloped vesicles secreted by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which are commonly defined as membrane vesicles (MVs) and exosomes, respectively. They play critical roles in the bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions. In infectious diseases caused by bacteria, as the first line of defense against pathogens, the macrophage polarization mode commonly determines the success or failure of the host's response to pathogen aggression. M1-type macrophages secrete pro-inflammatory factors that support microbicidal activity, while alternative M2-type macrophages secrete anti-inflammatory factors that perform an antimicrobial immune response but partially allow pathogens to replicate and survive intracellularly. Membrane vesicles (MVs) released from bacteria as a distinctive secretion system can carry various components, including bacterial effectors, nucleic acids, or lipids to modulate macrophage polarization in host-pathogen interaction. Similar to MVs, bacteria-infected macrophages can secrete exosomes containing a variety of components to manipulate the phenotypic polarization of "bystander" macrophages nearby or long distance to differentiate into type M1 or M2 to regulate the course of inflammation. Exosomes can also repair tissue damage associated with the infection by upregulating the levels of anti-inflammatory factors, downregulating the pro-inflammatory factors, and regulating cellular biological behaviors. The study of the mechanisms by which EVs modulate macrophage polarization has opened new frontiers in delineating the molecular machinery involved in bacterial pathogenesis and challenges in providing new strategies for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
| | - Xingxiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China,Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China,Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China,*Correspondence: Xingxiao Zhang, ✉
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Expression of Macrophage Polarization Markers against the Most Prevalent Serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemomitans. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071384. [PMID: 35889103 PMCID: PMC9318388 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a Gram-negative bacterium with seven serotypes (a–g) according to the structure of its LPS, has been defined as one of the most important pathogens in the development of a dysbiotic periodontal biofilm and the onset of periodontitis (an inflammatory chronic disease of the tissues around the teeth), where the serotype b is characterized as the most virulent compared with the other serotypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the macrophage polarization markers M0, M1, and M2 against A. actinomycetemcomitans. Methods: THP-1 cells were infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a, b, and c. The expression of CD11b, CD4, CD14, and CD68 for M0; IL-6, HLA/DRA, and CXCL10 for M21, and IL-10, CD163, fibronectin-1 or FN1, and CCL17 was evaluated by qPCR at 2 and 24 h after infection. Results: An increase in the expression of these molecules was induced by all serotypes at both times of infection, showing higher levels of expression to the M1 panel at 2 and 24 h compared to other markers. Conclusions: A. actinomycetemcomitans has a role in the macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype in a non-serotype-dependent manner.
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