1
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Backx S, Van Vooren J, Geerts J, Hyde C, Van Hecke O, Pappaert H, Dewitte K, Ameye M, Audenaert K, Desmedt W, Mangelinckx S. Study of Amino Acid-Derived 3-Acyltetramic Acids as Herbicidal Agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19644-19656. [PMID: 39225292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The growing problem of herbicide resistance necessitates the development of novel herbicidal active ingredients, together with other integrated weed management approaches. Natural products are a major source of inspiration for novel actives. In previous research, we identified a 3-acyltetramic acid of microbial origin that inhibited algal growth in marine biofilms, at least in part through inhibition of photosystem II. In this work, we demonstrate the herbicidal effect of this lead compound and construct multiple libraries to test the impact of the different substituents of the central scaffold in order to study the structure-activity relationships. Among these analogues, the highest activities were found for medium- to long-chain acyl groups and apolar secondary amino acid residues. Finally, we provide first insights into the herbicidal mechanisms and present preliminary field-trial and ecotoxicological results for TA12-Pro, the most active analogue in our library. Together, this research shows the potential of 3-acyltetramic acids for herbicide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Backx
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jelle Van Vooren
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Geerts
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cédric Hyde
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Owen Van Hecke
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Pappaert
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Dewitte
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ameye
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Inagro, Ieperseweg 87, 8800 Roeselare, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Willem Desmedt
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Burg. van Gansberghelaan 96, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Qin Y, Zhou H, Yang Y, Guo T, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Ma L. Metabolome and Its Mechanism Profiling in the Synergistic Toxic Effects Induced by Co-Exposure of Tenuazonic Acid and Patulin in Caco-2 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:319. [PMID: 39057959 PMCID: PMC11281550 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16070319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tenuazonic acid (TeA), usually found in cereals, fruits, vegetables, oil crops, and their products, was classified as one of the highest public health problems by EFSA as early as 2011, but it has still not been regulated by legislation due to the limited toxicological profile. Moreover, it has been reported that the coexistence of TeA and patulin (PAT) has been found in certain agricultural products; however, there are no available data about the combined toxicity. Considering that the gastrointestinal tract is the physiological barrier of the body, it would be the first target site at which exogenous substances interact with the body. Thus, we assessed the combined toxicity (cell viability, ROS, CAT, and ATP) in Caco-2 cells using mathematical modeling (Chou-Talalay) and explored mechanisms using non-targeted metabolomics and molecular biology methods. It revealed that the co-exposure of TeA + PAT (12.5 μg/mL + 0.5 μg/mL) can induce enhanced toxic effects and more severe oxidative stress. Mechanistically, the lipid and amino acid metabolisms and PI3K/AKT/FOXO signaling pathways were mainly involved in the TeA + PAT-induced synergistic toxic effects. Our study not only enriches the scientific basis for the development of regulatory policies but also provides potential targets and treatment options for alleviating toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Qin
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (T.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hongyuan Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (T.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yulian Yang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (T.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ting Guo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (T.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (T.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (T.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Southwest University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Liang Ma
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (T.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing 401121, China
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Visintin L, García Nicolás M, De Saeger S, De Boevre M. Validation of a UPLC-MS/MS Method for Multi-Matrix Biomonitoring of Alternaria Toxins in Humans. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:296. [PMID: 39057936 PMCID: PMC11281182 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16070296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, natural toxins produced by fungi, contaminate nearly 80% of global food crops. Alternaria mycotoxins, including alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethylether (AME), and tenuazonic acid (TeA), present a health concern due to their prevalence in various plants and fruits. Exposure to these toxins exceeds the threshold of toxicological concern in some European populations, especially infants and toddlers. Despite this, regulatory standards for Alternaria toxins remain absent. The lack of toxicokinetic parameters, reference levels, and sensitive detection methods complicates risk assessment and highlights the necessity for advanced biomonitoring (HBM) techniques. This study addresses these challenges by developing and validating ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to quantify AOH, AME, TeA, and their conjugates in multiple biological matrices. The validated method demonstrates robust linearity, precision, recovery (94-111%), and sensitivity across urine (LOD < 0.053 ng/mL), capillary blood (LOD < 0.029 ng/mL), and feces (LOD < 0.424 ng/g), with significantly lower LOD for TeA compared to existing methodologies. The application of minimally invasive microsampling techniques for the blood collection enhances the potential for large-scale HBM studies. These advancements represent a step toward comprehensive HBM and exposure risk assessments for Alternaria toxins, facilitating the generation of data for regulatory authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Visintin
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - María García Nicolás
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Gauteng 2028, South Africa
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Saleh I, Zeidan R, Abu-Dieyeh M. The characteristics, occurrence, and toxicological effects of alternariol: a mycotoxin. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1659-1683. [PMID: 38662238 PMCID: PMC11106155 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03743-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Alternaria species are mycotoxin-producing fungi known to infect fresh produce and to cause their spoilage. Humans get exposed to fungal secondary metabolites known as mycotoxin via the ingestion of contaminated food. Alternariol (AOH) (C14H10O5) is an isocoumarins produced by different species of Alternaria including Alternaria alternata. AOH is often found in grain, fruits and fruits-based food products with high levels in legumes, nuts, and tomatoes. AOH was first discovered in 1953, and it is nowadays linked to esophagus cancer and endocrine disruption due to its similarity to estrogen. Although considered as an emerging mycotoxin with no regulated levels in food, AOH occurs in highly consumed dietary products and has been detected in various masked forms, which adds to its occurrence. Therefore, this comprehensive review was developed to give an overview on recent literature in the field of AOH. The current study summarizes published data on occurrence levels of AOH in different food products in the last ten years and evaluates those levels in comparison to recommended levels by the regulating entities. Such surveillance facilitates the work of health risk assessors and highlights commodities that are most in need of AOH levels regulation. In addition, the effects of AOH on cells and animal models were summarized in two tables; data include the last two-year literature studies. The review addresses also the main characteristics of AOH and the possible human exposure routes, the populations at risk, and the effect of anthropogenic activities on the widespread of the mycotoxin. The commonly used detection and control methods described in the latest literature are also discussed to guide future researchers to focus on mitigating mycotoxins contamination in the food industry. This review aims mainly to serve as a guideline on AOH for mycotoxin regulation developers and health risk assessors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Saleh
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Art and Science, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Randa Zeidan
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Art and Science, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Abu-Dieyeh
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Art and Science, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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5
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Marin DE, Bulgaru VC, Pertea A, Grosu IA, Pistol GC, Taranu I. Alternariol Monomethyl-Ether Induces Toxicity via Cell Death and Oxidative Stress in Swine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:223. [PMID: 38787075 PMCID: PMC11125839 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16050223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternariol monomethyl-ether (AME), together with altenuene and alternariol, belongs to the Alternaria mycotoxins group, which can contaminate different substrates, including cereals. The aim of the present study was to obtain a deeper understanding concerning the effects of AME on pig intestinal health using epithelial intestinal cell lines as the data concerning the possible effects of Alternaria toxins on swine are scarce and insufficient for assessing the risk represented by Alternaria toxins for animal health. Our results have shown a dose-related effect on IPEC-1 cell viability, with an IC50 value of 10.5 μM. Exposure to the toxin induced an increase in total apoptotic cells, suggesting that AME induces programmed cell death through apoptosis based on caspase-3/7 activation in IPEC-1 cells. DNA and protein oxidative damage triggered by AME were associated with an alteration of the antioxidant response, as shown by a decrease in the enzymatic activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase. These effects on the oxidative response can be related to an inhibition of the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway; however, further studies are needed in order to validate these in vitro data using in vivo trials in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Eliza Marin
- National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition (INCDBNA-IBNA-Balotesti), Calea Bucuresti nr.1, 077015 Balotesti Ilfov, Romania; (V.C.B.); (A.P.); (I.A.G.); (G.C.P.); (I.T.)
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6
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Pugliese M, Gilardi G, Garibaldi A, Gullino ML. The Impact of Climate Change on Vegetable Crop Diseases and Their Management: The Value of Phytotron Studies for the Agricultural Industry and Associated Stakeholders. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:843-854. [PMID: 38648074 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-23-0284-kc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is having a significant impact on global agriculture, particularly on vegetable crops, which play a critical role in global nutrition. Recently, increasing research has concentrated on the impact of climate change on vegetable crop diseases, with several studies being conducted in phytotrons, which have been used to explore the effects of increased temperatures and CO2 concentrations to simulate future scenarios. This review focuses on the combined effects of temperature and carbon dioxide increases on foliar and soilborne vegetable diseases, as evaluated under phytotron conditions. The influence of climate change on mycotoxin production and disease management strategies is also explored through case studies. The results offer valuable information that can be used to guide both seed and agrochemical industries, as well as to develop disease-resistant varieties and innovative control measures, including biocontrol agents, considering the diseases that are likely to become prevalent under future climatic scenarios. Recommendations on how to manage vegetable diseases under ongoing climate change are proposed to facilitate plants' adaptation to and enhanced against the changing conditions. A proactive and comprehensive response to climate-induced challenges in vegetable farming is imperative to ensure food security and sustainability.
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Louro H, Vettorazzi A, López de Cerain A, Spyropoulou A, Solhaug A, Straumfors A, Behr AC, Mertens B, Žegura B, Fæste CK, Ndiaye D, Spilioti E, Varga E, Dubreil E, Borsos E, Crudo F, Eriksen GS, Snapkow I, Henri J, Sanders J, Machera K, Gaté L, Le Hegarat L, Novak M, Smith NM, Krapf S, Hager S, Fessard V, Kohl Y, Silva MJ, Dirven H, Dietrich J, Marko D. Hazard characterization of Alternaria toxins to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human health. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:425-469. [PMID: 38147116 PMCID: PMC10794282 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Alternaria are ubiquitous plant pathogens and saprophytes which are able to grow under varying temperature and moisture conditions as well as on a large range of substrates. A spectrum of structurally diverse secondary metabolites with toxic potential has been identified, but occurrence and relative proportion of the different metabolites in complex mixtures depend on strain, substrate, and growth conditions. This review compiles the available knowledge on hazard identification and characterization of Alternaria toxins. Alternariol (AOH), its monomethylether AME and the perylene quinones altertoxin I (ATX-I), ATX-II, ATX-III, alterperylenol (ALP), and stemphyltoxin III (STTX-III) showed in vitro genotoxic and mutagenic properties. Of all identified Alternaria toxins, the epoxide-bearing analogs ATX-II, ATX-III, and STTX-III show the highest cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic potential in vitro. Under hormone-sensitive conditions, AOH and AME act as moderate xenoestrogens, but in silico modeling predicts further Alternaria toxins as potential estrogenic factors. Recent studies indicate also an immunosuppressive role of AOH and ATX-II; however, no data are available for the majority of Alternaria toxins. Overall, hazard characterization of Alternaria toxins focused, so far, primarily on the commercially available dibenzo-α-pyrones AOH and AME and tenuazonic acid (TeA). Limited data sets are available for altersetin (ALS), altenuene (ALT), and tentoxin (TEN). The occurrence and toxicological relevance of perylene quinone-based Alternaria toxins still remain to be fully elucidated. We identified data gaps on hazard identification and characterization crucial to improve risk assessment of Alternaria mycotoxins for consumers and occupationally exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriqueta Louro
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA) and Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UNAV-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UNAV-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anastasia Spyropoulou
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61, Attica, Greece
| | - Anita Solhaug
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PO Box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Straumfors
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas Vei 8, 0363, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Cathrin Behr
- Department Food Safety, BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrnstraße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Mertens
- Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Dieynaba Ndiaye
- INRS, Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité pour la Prévention des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre Lès Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Eliana Spilioti
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61, Attica, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Estelle Dubreil
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France
| | - Eszter Borsos
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesco Crudo
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Igor Snapkow
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jérôme Henri
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France
| | - Julie Sanders
- Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61, Attica, Greece
| | - Laurent Gaté
- INRS, Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité pour la Prévention des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre Lès Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Ludovic Le Hegarat
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France
| | - Matjaž Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicola M Smith
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Krapf
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas Vei 8, 0363, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonja Hager
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-Von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Maria João Silva
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA) and Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jessica Dietrich
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Hajji-Hedfi L, Rhouma A, Hlaoua W, Dmitry KE, Jaouadi R, Zaouali Y, Rebouh NY. Phytochemical characterization of forest leaves extracts and application to control apple postharvest diseases. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2014. [PMID: 38263385 PMCID: PMC10805881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the antifungal and phytochemical properties of three forest plants (Eucalyptus globulus, Pistacia lentiscus, and Juniperus phoenicea) against apple diseases caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria alternata. The determination of the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the three aqueous extracts of studied plants showed that E. globulus exhibited the highest contents than those of P. lentiscus and J. phoenicea. Furthermore, the three studied extracts showed very appreciable antioxidant activity with decreasing order: E. globulus, P. lentiscus, and J. phoenicea. The phytochemical analysis showed different common phenolic acids in the three studied plants namely: quinic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeoylquinic acid as well as other flavonoids mainly quercetin and catechin. The results of the current study demonstrated that the fungistatic activity of E. globulus EO (4 and 2 µl/ml) seemed to be the most effective under laboratory conditions with an inhibition zone diameter above 16 mm. However, the poisoned food technique indicated that the aqueous extract (80%) and the essential oil (4 µl/ml) of E. globulus exhibited the highest mycelial growth (> 67%) and spore germination (> 99%) inhibition. Preventive treatments with essential oils (4 µl/ml) and aqueous extracts (80%) applied to apple fruits inoculated with A. alternata and C. gloeosporioides resulted in the lowest lesion diameter (< 6.80 mm) and disease severity index (< 15%) and the most favorable inhibitory growth (> 85.45%) and protective potentials (> 84.92%). The results suggest that E. globulus has a brilliant future in the management of anthracnose and Alternaria rot of apple and provide a basis for further studies on its effects under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Hajji-Hedfi
- Regional Centre of Agricultural Research of Sidi Bouzid, CRRA, Gafsa Road Km 6, B.P. 357, 9100, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia.
| | - Abdelhak Rhouma
- Regional Centre of Agricultural Research of Sidi Bouzid, CRRA, Gafsa Road Km 6, B.P. 357, 9100, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
| | - Wassila Hlaoua
- Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott-Meriem, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Kucher E Dmitry
- Department of Environmental Management, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ryma Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Agricultural Production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mograne (ESAM), University of Carthage, Mograne, 1121, Zaghouane, Tunisia
| | - Yosr Zaouali
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis Cedex, Tunisia
| | - Nazih Y Rebouh
- Department of Environmental Management, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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9
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Mihalache OA, De Boevre M, Dellafiora L, De Saeger S, Moretti A, Pinson-Gadais L, Ponts N, Richard-Forget F, Susca A, Dall’Asta C. The Occurrence of Non-Regulated Mycotoxins in Foods: A Systematic Review. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:583. [PMID: 37756008 PMCID: PMC10534703 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review is to provide an update on the occurrence and co-occurrence of selected non-regulated mycotoxins and provide an overview of current regulations. Fifteen non-regulated mycotoxins were found in 19 food categories worldwide. On top of that, 38 different combinations of non-regulated mycotoxins were found, with mixtures varying from binary combinations up to 12 mycotoxins. Taking into consideration the amount of evidence regarding the prevalence and co-occurrence of non-regulated mycotoxins, future steps should be taken considering continuous monitoring, scientific exchange, and generation of high-quality data. To enhance data quality, guidelines outlining the minimum quality criteria for both occurrence data and metadata are needed. By doing so, we can effectively address concerns related to the toxicity of non-regulated mycotoxins. Furthermore, obtaining more data concerning the co-occurrence of both regulated and non-regulated mycotoxins could aid in supporting multiple chemical risk assessment methodologies. Implementing these steps could bolster food safety measures, promote evidence-based regulations, and ultimately safeguard public health from the potential adverse effects of non-regulated mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.D.B.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (O.A.M.); (L.D.)
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.D.B.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Antonio Moretti
- ISPA-CNR—Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Laetitia Pinson-Gadais
- INRAE, UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (L.P.-G.); (N.P.); (F.R.-F.)
| | - Nadia Ponts
- INRAE, UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (L.P.-G.); (N.P.); (F.R.-F.)
| | - Florence Richard-Forget
- INRAE, UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), F-33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (L.P.-G.); (N.P.); (F.R.-F.)
| | - Antonia Susca
- ISPA-CNR—Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Chiara Dall’Asta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (O.A.M.); (L.D.)
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10
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Kozieł MJ, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Urbanek KA, Domińska K, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW, Kowalska K. Estrogen receptor α mediates alternariol-induced apoptosis and modulation of the invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells. Toxicol Lett 2023; 386:9-19. [PMID: 37683805 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that may affect both human and animal health. Some of them possess estrogenic activity, due to direct binding to estrogen receptors (ERs) and hence disturb the hormonal balance of the organism. Alternariol (AOH) was previously reported as genotoxic, estrogenic and immunomodulatory agent. However, detailed mechanism of its action has not been fully elucidated. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) was previously reported to modulate the proliferation and invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells. Thus, we decided to verify whether estrogenic-like mycotoxin may affect ovarian cancer cells via ERα. The results showed that AOH induces apoptosis and oxidative stress and that these effects are partially modulated by ERα. Moreover, AOH decreases the invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells and promotes changes in the expression of genes and proteins that are associated with the invasiveness of cancer i.e. MMP9, SNAIL1/2, ZEB1/2, VIM, CDH1 and CDH2. In conclusion, we postulate that AOH might significantly affect the viability and invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells via modulation of ERα and therefore possibly act as an endocrine disruptive agent in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Justyna Kozieł
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Lodz, Poland; Medical University of Lodz, BRaIn Laboratories, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Kinga Anna Urbanek
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Domińska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wanda Piastowska-Ciesielska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Lodz, Poland; Medical University of Lodz, BRaIn Laboratories, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Lodz, Poland.
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11
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Mao X, Chen W, Wu H, Shao Y, Zhu Y, Guo Q, Li Y, Xia L. Alternaria Mycotoxins Analysis and Exposure Investigation in Ruminant Feeds. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:495. [PMID: 37624252 PMCID: PMC10467096 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternaria mycotoxins are a class of important, agriculture-related hazardous materials, and their contamination in ruminant feeds and products might bring severe toxic effects to animals and even human beings. To control these hazardous compounds, a reliable and sensitive LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) method was established for simultaneous determination of six target Alternaria mycotoxins in ruminant feeds, including ALT (Altenuene), AME (Alternariol Monomethyl Ether), AOH (Alternariol), ATX-Ι (Altertoxins I), TeA (Tenuazonic Acid), and TEN (Tentoxin). This developed analytical method was used for the determination of the presence of these substances in cattle and sheep feeds in Xinjiang Province, China. The results revealed that Alternaria mycotoxins are ubiquitously detected in feed samples. Especially, AME, AOH, TeA, and TEN are the most frequently found mycotoxins with a positive rate over 40% and a concentration range of 4~551 µg/kg. The proposed method could be applied for exposure investigation of Alternaria mycotoxins in ruminant feeds and for the reduction in the health risk to animals and even consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (X.M.); (W.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Wanzhao Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (X.M.); (W.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Huimin Wu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (X.M.); (W.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Ying Shao
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ya’ning Zhu
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qingyong Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (X.M.); (W.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Yanshen Li
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lining Xia
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (X.M.); (W.C.); (H.W.)
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12
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Sun F, Yu D, Zhou H, Lin H, Yan Z, Wu A. CotA laccase from Bacillus licheniformis ZOM-1 effectively degrades zearalenone, aflatoxin B1 and alternariol. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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