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He B, Cao Y, Zhuang Z, Deng Q, Qiu Y, Pan L, Zheng X, Shi B, Lin L, Chen F. The potential value of oral microbial signatures for prediction of oral squamous cell carcinoma based on machine learning algorithms. Head Neck 2024; 46:1660-1670. [PMID: 38695435 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the potential predictive value of oral microbial signatures for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) risk based on machine learning algorithms. METHODS The oral microbiome signatures were assessed in the unstimulated saliva samples of 80 OSCC patients and 179 healthy individuals using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Four different machine learning classifiers were used to develop prediction models. RESULTS Compared with control participants, OSCC patients had a higher microbial dysbiosis index (MDI, p < 0.001). Among four machine learning classifiers, random forest (RF) provided the best predictive performance, followed by the support vector machines, artificial neural networks and naive Bayes. After controlling the potential confounders using propensity score matching, the optimal RF model was further developed incorporating a minimal set of 20 bacteria genera, exhibiting better predictive performance than the MDI (AUC: 0.992 vs. 0.775, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The novel MDI and RF model developed in this study based on oral microbiome signatures may serve as noninvasive tools for predicting OSCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yujie Cao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhaocheng Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qingrong Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lizhen Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lisong Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fa Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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Bromfield JI, Zaugg J, Straw RC, Cathie J, Krueger A, Sinha D, Chandra J, Hugenholtz P, Frazer IH. Characterization of the skin microbiome in normal and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma affected cats and dogs. mSphere 2024; 9:e0055523. [PMID: 38530017 PMCID: PMC11036808 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00555-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and actinic keratoses (AK) display microbial dysbiosis with an enrichment of staphylococcal species, which have been implicated in AK and SCC progression. SCCs are common in both felines and canines and are often diagnosed at late stages leading to high disease morbidity and mortality rates. Although recent studies support the involvement of the skin microbiome in AK and SCC progression in humans, there is no knowledge of this in companion animals. Here, we provide microbiome data for SCC in cats and dogs using culture-independent molecular profiling and show a significant decrease in microbial alpha diversity on SCC lesions compared to normal skin (P ≤ 0.05). Similar to human skin cancer, SCC samples had an elevated abundance of staphylococci relative to normal skin-50% (6/12) had >50% staphylococci, as did 16% (4/25) of perilesional samples. Analysis of Staphylococcus at the species level revealed an enrichment of the pathogenic species Staphylococcus felis in cat SCC samples, a higher prevalence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs, and a higher abundance of Staphylococcus aureus compared to normal skin in both companion animals. Additionally, a comparison of previously published human SCC and perilesional samples against the present pet samples revealed that Staphylococcus was the most prevalent genera across human and companion animals for both sample types. Similarities between the microbial profile of human and cat/dog SCC lesions should facilitate future skin cancer research. IMPORTANCE The progression of precancerous actinic keratosis lesions (AK) to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is poorly understood in humans and companion animals, despite causing a significant burden of disease. Recent studies have revealed that the microbiota may play a significant role in disease progression. Staphylococcus aureus has been found in high abundance on AK and SCC lesions, where it secretes DNA-damaging toxins, which could potentiate tumorigenesis. Currently, a suitable animal model to investigate this relationship is lacking. Thus, we examined the microbiome of cutaneous SCC in pets, revealing similarities to humans, with increased staphylococci and reduced commensals on SCC lesions and peri-lesional skin compared to normal skin. Two genera that were in abundance in SCC samples have also been found in human oral SCC lesions. These findings suggest the potential suitability of pets as a model for studying microbiome-related skin cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacoba I. Bromfield
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julian Zaugg
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rodney C. Straw
- Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre and the Australian Animal Cancer Foundation, Albany Creek, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julia Cathie
- Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre and the Australian Animal Cancer Foundation, Albany Creek, Queensland, Australia
| | - Annika Krueger
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Debottam Sinha
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janin Chandra
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian H. Frazer
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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Dellino M, Pinto G, D’Amato A, Barbara F, Di Gennaro F, Saracino A, Laganà AS, Vimercati A, Malvasi A, Malvasi VM, Cicinelli E, Vitagliano A, Cascardi E, Pinto V. Analogies between HPV Behavior in Oral and Vaginal Cavity: Narrative Review on the Current Evidence in the Literature. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1429. [PMID: 38592283 PMCID: PMC10932293 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Human genital papilloma virus infection is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the world. It is estimated that more than 75% of sexually active women contract this infection in their lifetime. In 80% of young women, there is the clearance of the virus within 18-24 months. In developed countries, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is now the most frequent human papilloma virus (HPV)-related cancer, having surpassed cervical cancer, and it is predicted that by 2030 most squamous cell carcinomas will be the HPV-related rather than non-HPV-related form. However, there are currently no screening programs for oral cavity infection. While the natural history of HPV infection in the cervix is well known, in the oropharynx, it is not entirely clear. Furthermore, the prevalence of HPV in the oropharynx is unknown. Published studies have found wide-ranging prevalence estimates of 2.6% to 50%. There are also conflicting results regarding the percentage of women presenting the same type of HPV at two mucosal sites, ranging from 0 to 60%. Additionally, the question arises as to whether oral infection can develop from genital HPV infection, through oral and genital contact or by self-inoculation, or whether it should be considered an independent event. However, there is still no consensus on these topics, nor on the relationship between genital and oral HPV infections. Therefore, this literature review aims to evaluate whether there is evidence of a connection between oral and cervical HPV, while also endorsing the usefulness of the screening of oral infection in patients with high-risk cervical HPV as a means of facilitating the diagnosis and early management of HPV-related oral lesions. Finally, this review emphasizes the recommendation for the use of the HPV vaccines in primary prevention in the male and female population as the most effective means of successfully counteracting the increasing incidence of OSCC to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Dellino
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (A.V.); (A.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Grazia Pinto
- Dentistry Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonio D’Amato
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (A.V.); (A.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Francesco Barbara
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Ophtalmology and Otolaryngology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Di Gennaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University Hospital Polyclinic, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.D.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Annalisa Saracino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Polyclinic of Bari, University Hospital Polyclinic, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.D.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Paolo Giaccone” Hospital, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Antonella Vimercati
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (A.V.); (A.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Antonio Malvasi
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (A.V.); (A.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (V.P.)
| | | | - Ettore Cicinelli
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (A.V.); (A.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Amerigo Vitagliano
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (A.V.); (A.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Eliano Cascardi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Pinto
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (A.V.); (A.M.); (E.C.); (A.V.); (V.P.)
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Yeo K, Li R, Wu F, Bouras G, Mai LTH, Smith E, Wormald PJ, Valentine R, Psaltis AJ, Vreugde S, Fenix K. Identification of consensus head and neck cancer-associated microbiota signatures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 16S rRNA and The Cancer Microbiome Atlas datasets. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38299619 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Multiple reports have attempted to describe the tumour microbiota in head and neck cancer (HNSC).Gap statement. However, these have failed to produce a consistent microbiota signature, which may undermine understanding the importance of bacterial-mediated effects in HNSC.Aim. The aim of this study is to consolidate these datasets and identify a consensus microbiota signature in HNSC.Methodology. We analysed 12 published HNSC 16S rRNA microbial datasets collected from cancer, cancer-adjacent and non-cancer tissues to generate a consensus microbiota signature. These signatures were then validated using The Cancer Microbiome Atlas (TCMA) database and correlated with the tumour microenvironment phenotypes and patient's clinical outcome.Results. We identified a consensus microbial signature at the genus level to differentiate between HNSC sample types, with cancer and cancer-adjacent tissues sharing more similarity than non-cancer tissues. Univariate analysis on 16S rRNA datasets identified significant differences in the abundance of 34 bacterial genera among the tissue types. Paired cancer and cancer-adjacent tissue analyses in 16S rRNA and TCMA datasets identified increased abundance in Fusobacterium in cancer tissues and decreased abundance of Atopobium, Rothia and Actinomyces in cancer-adjacent tissues. Furthermore, these bacteria were associated with different tumour microenvironment phenotypes. Notably, high Fusobacterium signature was associated with high neutrophil (r=0.37, P<0.0001), angiogenesis (r=0.38, P<0.0001) and granulocyte signatures (r=0.38, P<0.0001) and better overall patient survival [continuous: HR 0.8482, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.7758-0.9273, P=0.0003].Conclusion. Our meta-analysis demonstrates a consensus microbiota signature for HNSC, highlighting its potential importance in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Yeo
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Surgery- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Runhao Li
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research and The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Fangmeinuo Wu
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research and The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South SA, 5011, Australia
| | - George Bouras
- Department of Surgery- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Linh T H Mai
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Surgery- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Eric Smith
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research and The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Surgery- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Rowan Valentine
- Department of Surgery- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Alkis James Psaltis
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Surgery- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Surgery- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Kevin Fenix
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Surgery- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South SA, 5011, Australia
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Radaic A, Kamarajan P, Cho A, Wang S, Hung GC, Najarzadegan F, Wong DT, Ton-That H, Wang CY, Kapila YL. Biological biomarkers of oral cancer. Periodontol 2000 2023:10.1111/prd.12542. [PMID: 38073011 PMCID: PMC11163022 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) 5 year survival rate of 41% has marginally improved in the last few years, with less than a 1% improvement per year from 2005 to 2017, with higher survival rates when detected at early stages. Based on histopathological grading of oral dysplasia, it is estimated that severe dysplasia has a malignant transformation rate of 7%-50%. Despite these numbers, oral dysplasia grading does not reliably predict its clinical behavior. Thus, more accurate markers predicting oral dysplasia progression to cancer would enable better targeting of these lesions for closer follow-up, especially in the early stages of the disease. In this context, molecular biomarkers derived from genetics, proteins, and metabolites play key roles in clinical oncology. These molecular signatures can help predict the likelihood of OSCC development and/or progression and have the potential to detect the disease at an early stage and, support treatment decision-making and predict treatment responsiveness. Also, identifying reliable biomarkers for OSCC detection that can be obtained non-invasively would enhance management of OSCC. This review will discuss biomarkers for OSCC that have emerged from different biological areas, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, immunomics, and microbiomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Radaic
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alex Cho
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandy Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Guo-Chin Hung
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fereshteh Najarzadegan
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David T Wong
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hung Ton-That
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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Gandhi P, Singh HP, Thippeswamy HS, Sodhi SPS, Kaur M, Laskar N. Evaluation of extracellular matrix changes among oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients of Malwa region of Punjab using special histochemical stains: An insight into cancerous transformation. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:600. [PMID: 38033958 PMCID: PMC10683908 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_24_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To assess extracellular matrix changes among oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients using special histochemical stains. Materials and Methods Twenty biopsy specimens of OSMF and 30 biopsy specimens of OSCC were included in the present study. Among 20 OSMF specimens, 10 were of early OSMF and the remaining 10 were of advanced OSMF. Out of 30 OSCC specimens, 10 cases each were of well-differentiated OSCC, moderately differentiated OSCC and poorly differentiated OSCC. Three sections, each 4 μm thick, were obtained from all specimens. One section was stained with routine H&E staining, whereas the other section was stained with Masson's trichrome (MT) stain for collagen and Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG) for elastic fibres. Evaluation of all specimens was performed under the light microscope. The arrangement of collagen fibres and elastic fibres was compared between the OSMF group and OSCC group, in between different grades of OSMF and in between different grades of OSCC. The results were evaluated using SPSS software. Results Early OSMF cases were associated with fibrosis in the superficial lamina propria, whereas advanced OSMF had fibrosis involving deeper muscle fibres. In all early OSMF cases, elastic fibres were arranged in thin bundles, whereas in advanced OSMF cases, elastic fibres were in thick bundles. In well- and moderately differentiated OSCCs, the collagen fibres were arranged in thick bundles and in poorly-differentiated OSCCs, the collagen fibres appeared to be fragmented. The elastic fibres in well-differentiated OSCC and moderately-differentiated OSCC were thickly arranged, and poorly-differentiated OSCC showed thin fibres and 70% of cases showed the absence of elastic fibres. Conclusion Changes observed in both collagen and elastic fibres in the extracellular matrix (ECM) can be taken as a study model to further understand the progression of OSMF to OSCC using histochemical stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Gandhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Harkanwal P. Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Halappa S. Thippeswamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Surinder P. S. Sodhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Laskar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
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Arboleda V, Elsouri KN, Heiser SE, Bernal I, Kesselman MM, Demory Beckler M. Oral Microbiome as a Tool of Systemic Disease on Cleft Patients: A New Landscape. Cureus 2023; 15:e35444. [PMID: 36994247 PMCID: PMC10041940 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity microbiome comprises benign and pathogenic bacteria, with more than 700 species identified. However, the current literature regarding resident bacterial flora in the oropharyngeal cavities in cleft lip/palate (CLP) patients still needs to be completed. This review aims to evaluate the role of the oral microbiome of cleft patients as an indicator in systemic diseases for which cleft patients might be at higher risk in the short or long term. A literature review was performed in July 2020 using Biomedical Reference Collection Comprehensive, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source via Elton B. Stephens Company/Online Database (EBSCO), Turning Research into Practice (TRIP), and PubMed. The keywords used were "oral, bacteria, microbiome, biota, flora, cleft, palate." The resulting 466 articles were deduplicated using Endnote. The total amount of articles' abstracts without duplicates was filtered using a set criterion. The title and abstract filter criteria included 1) cleft lip (CL) and/or cleft palate (CP) patients, 2) changes in the oral microbiome in CL and/or CP patients, 3) male and female patients 0-21 years old, and 4) English language. The full-text filter criteria included 1) CL and/or CP patients vs. non-cleft control patients, 2) oral bacteria, 3) nonprocedural measurements of microorganisms, and 4) case-control studies. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow chart was created using the EndNote data results. The final five articles of the systematic search indicated that the oral cavity of cleft lip and/or palate patients resulted in 1) contradicting levels of Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus salivarius; 2) lower levels of Streptococcus gordonii, Bordetella dentium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veillonella parvula, Bacillus and Lautropia when compared to the control group; 3) higher levels of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus compared to the control group; 4) presence of Enterobacter cloacae 36.6%, Klebsiella pneumoni 53.3%, and Klebsiella oxytoca 76.6% vs. absence in the control non-cleft group. Patients with CL and/or CP are at higher risk for caries, periodontal diseases, and upper and lower respiratory infections. The results from this review indicate that relative levels of certain bacteria may be associated with these issues. The lower levels of S. mitis, S. salivarius, S. gordini, and F. nucleatum in the oral cavity of cleft patients could be linked as a possible cause of the higher incidence of tooth decay, gingivitis and periodontal disease as high levels of these bacteria are associated with oral disease. Further, the higher incidence of sinusitis in cleft patients might be linked to low levels of S. salivarius in the oral profile of these patients. Likewise, E. cloacae, K. oxycota, and K. pneumoni have been linked with pneumonia and bronchiolitis, both of which are increased in cleft patients. The oral bacterial dysbiosis of cleft patients observed in this review may play a vital function in the oral microbiome's diversity, which could play a role in disease progression and disease markers. The pattern seen in cleft patients potentially demonstrates how structural abnormalities can lead to the onset of severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Arboleda
- Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Kawther N Elsouri
- Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Samantha E Heiser
- Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Hattiesburg, USA
| | - Isabel Bernal
- Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Marc M Kesselman
- Rheumatology, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Michelle Demory Beckler
- Microbiology and Immunology, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
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