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Brain ageing and neurodegenerative disease: The role of cellular waste management. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:207-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Farina F, Lambert E, Commeau L, Lejeune FX, Roudier N, Fonte C, Parker JA, Boddaert J, Verny M, Baulieu EE, Neri C. The stress response factor daf-16/FOXO is required for multiple compound families to prolong the function of neurons with Huntington's disease. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638078 PMCID: PMC5479833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04256-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helping neurons to compensate for proteotoxic stress and maintain function over time (neuronal compensation) has therapeutic potential in aging and neurodegenerative disease. The stress response factor FOXO3 is neuroprotective in models of Huntington’s disease (HD), Parkinson’s disease and motor-neuron diseases. Neuroprotective compounds acting in a FOXO-dependent manner could thus constitute bona fide drugs for promoting neuronal compensation. However, whether FOXO-dependent neuroprotection is a common feature of several compound families remains unknown. Using drug screening in C. elegans nematodes with neuronal expression of human exon-1 huntingtin (128Q), we found that 3ß-Methoxy-Pregnenolone (MAP4343), 17ß-oestradiol (17ßE2) and 12 flavonoids including isoquercitrin promote neuronal function in 128Q nematodes. MAP4343, 17ßE2 and isoquercitrin also promote stress resistance in mutant Htt striatal cells derived from knock-in HD mice. Interestingly, daf-16/FOXO is required for MAP4343, 17ßE2 and isoquercitrin to sustain neuronal function in 128Q nematodes. This similarly applies to the GSK3 inhibitor lithium chloride (LiCl) and, as previously described, to resveratrol and the AMPK activator metformin. Daf-16/FOXO and the targets engaged by these compounds define a sub-network enriched for stress-response and neuronally-active pathways. Collectively, these data highlights the dependence on a daf-16/FOXO-interaction network as a common feature of several compound families for prolonging neuronal function in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Farina
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lambert
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Commeau
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Lejeune
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | | | - Cosima Fonte
- Inserm, UMR 1195, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Cedex, France
| | - J Alex Parker
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,CRCHUM, Montréal, Canada and Department de Neurosciences, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jacques Boddaert
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Department of Geriatrics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Marc Verny
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Department of Geriatrics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Etienne-Emile Baulieu
- Inserm, UMR 1195, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Cedex, France. .,MAPREG, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Cedex, France.
| | - Christian Neri
- CNRS, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology & Pathology and University Hospital Department Fight Aging and Stress (DHU FAST), UMR 8256, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.
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Francelle L, Lotz C, Outeiro T, Brouillet E, Merienne K. Contribution of Neuroepigenetics to Huntington's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:17. [PMID: 28194101 PMCID: PMC5276857 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Unbalanced epigenetic regulation is thought to contribute to the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington’s disease (HD), a genetic disorder considered as a paradigm of epigenetic dysregulation. In this review, we attempt to address open questions regarding the role of epigenetic changes in HD, in the light of recent advances in neuroepigenetics. We particularly discuss studies using genome-wide scale approaches that provide insights into the relationship between epigenetic regulations, gene expression and neuronal activity in normal and diseased neurons, including HD neurons. We propose that cell-type specific techniques and 3D-based methods will advance knowledge of epigenome in the context of brain region vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying epigenetic changes and of their consequences in neurodegenerative diseases is required to design therapeutic strategies more effective than current strategies based on histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Researches in HD may play a driving role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Francelle
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Goettingen Goettingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Lotz
- CNRS UMR 7364, Laboratory of Cognitive and Adaptive Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
| | - Tiago Outeiro
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Goettingen Goettingen, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Département de Recherche Fondamentale, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Center, Neurodegenerative diseases Laboratory, UMR 9199, CNRS Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Merienne
- CNRS UMR 7364, Laboratory of Cognitive and Adaptive Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
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4
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Scarpa JR, Jiang P, Losic B, Readhead B, Gao VD, Dudley JT, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW, Kasarskis A. Systems Genetic Analyses Highlight a TGFβ-FOXO3 Dependent Striatal Astrocyte Network Conserved across Species and Associated with Stress, Sleep, and Huntington's Disease. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006137. [PMID: 27390852 PMCID: PMC4938493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent systems-based analyses have demonstrated that sleep and stress traits emerge from shared genetic and transcriptional networks, and clinical work has elucidated the emergence of sleep dysfunction and stress susceptibility as early symptoms of Huntington's disease. Understanding the biological bases of these early non-motor symptoms may reveal therapeutic targets that prevent disease onset or slow disease progression, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this complex clinical presentation remain largely unknown. In the present work, we specifically examine the relationship between these psychiatric traits and Huntington's disease (HD) by identifying striatal transcriptional networks shared by HD, stress, and sleep phenotypes. First, we utilize a systems-based approach to examine a large publicly available human transcriptomic dataset for HD (GSE3790 from GEO) in a novel way. We use weighted gene coexpression network analysis and differential connectivity analyses to identify transcriptional networks dysregulated in HD, and we use an unbiased ranking scheme that leverages both gene- and network-level information to identify a novel astrocyte-specific network as most relevant to HD caudate. We validate this result in an independent HD cohort. Next, we computationally predict FOXO3 as a regulator of this network, and use multiple publicly available in vitro and in vivo experimental datasets to validate that this astrocyte HD network is downstream of a signaling pathway important in adult neurogenesis (TGFβ-FOXO3). We also map this HD-relevant caudate subnetwork to striatal transcriptional networks in a large (n = 100) chronically stressed (B6xA/J)F2 mouse population that has been extensively phenotyped (328 stress- and sleep-related measurements), and we show that this striatal astrocyte network is correlated to sleep and stress traits, many of which are known to be altered in HD cohorts. We identify causal regulators of this network through Bayesian network analysis, and we highlight their relevance to motor, mood, and sleep traits through multiple in silico approaches, including an examination of their protein binding partners. Finally, we show that these causal regulators may be therapeutically viable for HD because their downstream network was partially modulated by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, a medical intervention thought to confer some therapeutic benefit to HD patients. In conclusion, we show that an astrocyte transcriptional network is primarily associated to HD in the caudate and provide evidence for its relationship to molecular mechanisms of neural stem cell homeostasis. Furthermore, we present a unified systems-based framework for identifying gene networks that are associated with complex non-motor traits that manifest in the earliest phases of HD. By analyzing and integrating multiple independent datasets, we identify a point of molecular convergence between sleep, stress, and HD that reflects their phenotypic comorbidity and reveals a molecular pathway involved in HD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Scarpa
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Peng Jiang
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bojan Losic
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ben Readhead
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Vance D. Gao
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joel T. Dudley
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Martha H. Vitaterna
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fred W. Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andrew Kasarskis
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
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5
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Solovyov IA, Dobrovol’skaya EV, Moskalev AA. Genetic control of circadian rhythms and aging. RUSS J GENET+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795416040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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6
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Rashid HO, Yadav RK, Kim HR, Chae HJ. ER stress: Autophagy induction, inhibition and selection. Autophagy 2015; 11:1956-1977. [PMID: 26389781 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1091141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to stress conditions. To mitigate such circumstances, stressed cells activate a homeostatic intracellular signaling network cumulatively called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which orchestrates the recuperation of ER function. Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), an intracellular lysosome-mediated bulk degradation pathway for recycling and eliminating wornout proteins, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles, has also emerged as an essential protective mechanism during ER stress. These 2 systems are dynamically interconnected, and recent investigations have revealed that ER stress can either stimulate or inhibit autophagy. However, the stress-associated molecular cues that control the changeover switch between induction and inhibition of autophagy are largely obscure. This review summarizes the crosstalk between ER stress and autophagy and their signaling networks mainly in mammalian-based systems. Additionally, we highlight current knowledge on selective autophagy and its connection to ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun-Or Rashid
- a Department of Pharmacology ; Medical School; Chonbuk National University
| | - Raj Kumar Yadav
- a Department of Pharmacology ; Medical School; Chonbuk National University
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- b Department of Dental Pharmacology ; College of Dentistry; Wonkwang University
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- a Department of Pharmacology ; Medical School; Chonbuk National University
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Jenwitheesuk A, Nopparat C, Mukda S, Wongchitrat P, Govitrapong P. Melatonin regulates aging and neurodegeneration through energy metabolism, epigenetics, autophagy and circadian rhythm pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16848-84. [PMID: 25247581 PMCID: PMC4200827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is linked to certain types of neurodegenerative diseases and identifying new therapeutic targets has become critical. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, associates with molecules and signaling pathways that sense and influence energy metabolism, autophagy, and circadian rhythms, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Forkhead box O (FoxOs), sirtuins and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. This review summarizes the current understanding of how melatonin, together with molecular, cellular and systemic energy metabolisms, regulates epigenetic processes in the neurons. This information will lead to a greater understanding of molecular epigenetic aging of the brain and anti-aging mechanisms to increase lifespan under healthy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anorut Jenwitheesuk
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Center for Innovation Development and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
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8
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Tourette C, Farina F, Vazquez-Manrique RP, Orfila AM, Voisin J, Hernandez S, Offner N, Parker JA, Menet S, Kim J, Lyu J, Choi SH, Cormier K, Edgerly CK, Bordiuk OL, Smith K, Louise A, Halford M, Stacker S, Vert JP, Ferrante RJ, Lu W, Neri C. The Wnt receptor Ryk reduces neuronal and cell survival capacity by repressing FOXO activity during the early phases of mutant huntingtin pathogenicity. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001895. [PMID: 24960609 PMCID: PMC4068980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt receptor Ryk is an evolutionary-conserved protein important during neuronal differentiation through several mechanisms, including γ-secretase cleavage and nuclear translocation of its intracellular domain (Ryk-ICD). Although the Wnt pathway may be neuroprotective, the role of Ryk in neurodegenerative disease remains unknown. We found that Ryk is up-regulated in neurons expressing mutant huntingtin (HTT) in several models of Huntington's disease (HD). Further investigation in Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse striatal cell models of HD provided a model in which the early-stage increase of Ryk promotes neuronal dysfunction by repressing the neuroprotective activity of the longevity-promoting factor FOXO through a noncanonical mechanism that implicates the Ryk-ICD fragment and its binding to the FOXO co-factor β-catenin. The Ryk-ICD fragment suppressed neuroprotection by lin-18/Ryk loss-of-function in expanded-polyQ nematodes, repressed FOXO transcriptional activity, and abolished β-catenin protection of mutant htt striatal cells against cell death vulnerability. Additionally, Ryk-ICD was increased in the nucleus of mutant htt cells, and reducing γ-secretase PS1 levels compensated for the cytotoxicity of full-length Ryk in these cells. These findings reveal that the Ryk-ICD pathway may impair FOXO protective activity in mutant polyglutamine neurons, suggesting that neurons are unable to efficiently maintain function and resist disease from the earliest phases of the pathogenic process in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cendrine Tourette
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Charles Foix Hospital, Functional Exploration Unit, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Francesca Farina
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - Rafael P. Vazquez-Manrique
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Orfila
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Voisin
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Hernandez
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Offner
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - J. Alex Parker
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Menet
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
| | - Jinho Kim
- Neurological Surgery Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jungmok Lyu
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Si Ho Choi
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kerry Cormier
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christina K. Edgerly
- Neurological Surgery Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Olivia L. Bordiuk
- Neurological Surgery Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Karen Smith
- VA Bedford Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne Louise
- Pasteur Institute, Cytometry Platform, Paris, France
| | - Michael Halford
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Stacker
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Vert
- Mines ParisTech, Center for Computational Biology, Fontainebleau, France
- Curie Institute, Research Center, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 900, Paris, France
| | - Robert J. Ferrante
- Neurological Surgery Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Wange Lu
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Christian Neri
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology and Pathology, Paris, France
- Sorbonnes Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM, Unit 894, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is an NAD(+) (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-dependent deacetylase. Studies of this protein have often been divergent, highlighting the dependence of pleiotropic effects of SIRT2 on cellular context. The natural polyphenol resveratrol is known to exert opposite actions on neural cells according to their normal or cancerous status. We have recently shown the involvement of SIRT2 in the antiproliferative effects of resveratrol on primary cultures of human glioblastoma stem cells. SIRT2 could become a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Sayd
- Équipe plasticité gliale, Neuroscience Paris Seine, CNRS U8246, Inserm U1130, université Pierre et Marie Curie, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France - Laboratoire de génétique et pathologie moléculaire, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie de Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Marie-Pierre Junier
- Équipe plasticité gliale, Neuroscience Paris Seine, CNRS U8246, Inserm U1130, université Pierre et Marie Curie, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Chneiweiss
- Équipe plasticité gliale, Neuroscience Paris Seine, CNRS U8246, Inserm U1130, université Pierre et Marie Curie, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
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Ross CA, Akimov SS. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells: potential for neurodegenerative diseases. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:R17-26. [PMID: 24824217 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell biology of human neurodegenerative diseases has been difficult to study till recently. The development of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models has greatly enhanced our ability to model disease in human cells. Methods have recently been improved, including increasing reprogramming efficiency, introducing non-viral and non-integrating methods of cell reprogramming, and using novel gene editing techniques for generating genetically corrected lines from patient-derived iPSCs, or for generating mutations in control cell lines. In this review, we highlight accomplishments made using iPSC models to study neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Fronto-Temporal Dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Spinomuscular Atrophy and other polyglutamine diseases. We review disease-related phenotypes shown in patient-derived iPSCs differentiated to relevant neural subtypes, often with stressors or cell "aging", to enhance disease-specific phenotypes. We also discuss prospects for the future of using of iPSC models of neurodegenerative disorders, including screening and testing of therapeutic compounds, and possibly of cell transplantation in regenerative medicine. The new iPSC models have the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of pathogenesis and to facilitate the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, USA
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