1
|
Pádua MS, Guil-Guerrero JL, Lopes PA. Behaviour Hallmarks in Alzheimer's Disease 5xFAD Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6766. [PMID: 38928472 PMCID: PMC11204382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The 5xFAD transgenic mouse model widely used in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research recapitulates many AD-related phenotypes with a relatively early onset and aggressive age-dependent progression. Besides developing amyloid peptide deposits alongside neuroinflammation by the age of 2 months, as well as exhibiting neuronal decline by the age of 4 months that intensifies by the age of 9 months, these mice manifest a broad spectrum of behavioural impairments. In this review, we present the extensive repertoire of behavioural dysfunctions in 5xFAD mice, organised into four categories: motor skills, sensory function, learning and memory abilities, and neuropsychiatric-like symptoms. The motor problems, associated with agility and reflex movements, as well as balance and coordination, and skeletal muscle function, typically arise by the time mice reach 9 months of age. The sensory function (such as taste, smell, hearing, and vision) starts to deteriorate when amyloid peptide buildups and neuroinflammation spread into related anatomical structures. The cognitive functions, encompassing learning and memory abilities, such as visual recognition, associative, spatial working, reference learning, and memory show signs of decline from 4 to 6 months of age. Concerning neuropsychiatric-like symptoms, comprising apathy, anxiety and depression, and the willingness for exploratory behaviour, it is believed that motivational changes emerge by approximately 6 months of age. Unfortunately, numerous studies from different laboratories are often contradictory on the conclusions drawn and the identification of onset age, making preclinical studies in rodent models not easily translatable to humans. This variability is likely due to a range of factors associated with animals themselves, housing and husbandry conditions, and experimental settings. In the forthcoming studies, greater clarity in experimental details when conducting behavioural testing in 5xFAD transgenic mice could minimise the inconsistencies and could ensure the reliability and the reproducibility of the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Soares Pádua
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José L. Guil-Guerrero
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
| | - Paula Alexandra Lopes
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
KIRIŞ İ, KARAYEL BAŞAR M, GÜREL B, MROCZEK T, BAYKAL AT. O-demethyl galantamine alters protein expression in cerebellum of 5xFAD mice. Turk J Biol 2024; 48:163-173. [PMID: 39050707 PMCID: PMC11265889 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0152.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common health issues, is characterized by memory loss, severe behavioral disorders, and eventually death. Despite many studies, there are still no drugs that can treat AD or stop it from progressing. Previous in vitro tests showed that O-demethyl galantamine (ODG) might have therapeutic potential owing to its 10 times higher acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity than galantamine (GAL). Materials and methods We aimed to assess the effect of ODG at the molecular level in a 12-month-old 5xFAD Alzheimer's mouse model. To this end, following the administrations of ODG and GAL (used as a positive control), protein alterations were investigated in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum regions of the brain. Surprisingly, GAL altered proteins prominently in the cortex, while ODG exclusively exerted its effect on the cerebellum. Results GNB1, GNB2, NDUFS6, PAK2, and RhoA proteins were identified as the top 5 hub proteins in the cerebellum of ODG-treated mice. Reregulation of these proteins through Ras signaling and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling pathways, which were found to be enriched, might contribute to reversing AD-induced molecular changes. Conclusion We suggest that, since it targets specifically the cerebellum, ODG may be further evaluated for combination therapies for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İrem KIRIŞ
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Merve KARAYEL BAŞAR
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Büşra GÜREL
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, SUNUM, Sabancı University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Tomasz MROCZEK
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin,
Poland
| | - Ahmet Tarık BAYKAL
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fatmi MK, Wang H, Slotabec L, Wen C, Seale B, Zhao B, Li J. Single-Cell RNA-seq reveals transcriptomic modulation of Alzheimer's disease by activated protein C. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3137-3159. [PMID: 38385967 PMCID: PMC10929801 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Single-Cell RNA sequencing reveals changes in cell population in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model 5xFAD (5x Familial AD mutation) versus wild type (WT) mice. The returned sequencing data was processed through the 10x Genomics CellRanger platform to perform alignment and form corresponding matrix to perform bioinformatic analysis. Alterations in glial cells occurred in 5xFAD versus WT, especially increases in microglia proliferation were profound in 5xFAD. Differential expression testing of glial cells in 5xFAD versus WT revealed gene regulation. Globally, the critical genes implicated in AD progression are upregulated such as Apoe, Ctsb, Trem2, and Tyrobp. Using this differential expression data, GO term enrichment was completed to observe possible biological processes impacted by AD progression. Utilizing anti-inflammatory and cyto-protective recombinant Activated Protein C (APC), we uncover inflammatory processes to be downregulated by APC treatment in addition to recuperation of nervous system processes. Moreover, animal studies demonstrated that administration of recombinant APC significantly attenuated Aβ burden and improved cognitive function of 5xFAD mice. The downregulation of highly expressed AD biomarkers in 5xFAD could provide insight into the mechanisms by which APC administration benefits AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kasim Fatmi
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Lily Slotabec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Changhong Wen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Blaise Seale
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Bi Zhao
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Raju RP, Cai L, Tyagi A, Pugazhenthi S. Interactions of Cellular Energetic Gene Clusters in the Alzheimer's Mouse Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:476-486. [PMID: 37632678 PMCID: PMC10843700 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the aging population. The pathological characteristics include extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation contribute to AD pathogenesis. In this study, we sought to determine the crosstalk between different pathways in the brain of 5XFAD mice, a mouse model for amyloid pathology, by RNA-seq analysis. We observed significant changes in the expression of genes (1288 genes; adj p value < 0.05; log2-fold > 1 and < 1) related to pathways including oxidation-reduction, oxidative phosphorylation, innate immune response, ribosomal protein synthesis, and ubiquitin proteosome system. The most striking feature was the downregulation of genes related to oxidation-reduction process with changes in the expression of a large number of mitochondrial genes. We also observed an upregulation of several immune response genes. Gene interaction network of oxidation-reduction related genes further confirmed a tight cluster of mitochondrial genes. Furthermore, gene interaction analysis of all the 1288 genes showed at least three distinct interaction clusters, with the predominant one relating to cellular energetics. In summary, we identified 1288 genes distinctly different in the 5XFAD brain compared to the WT brain and found cellular energetics to be the most distinct gene cluster in the AD mouse brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lun Cai
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Alpna Tyagi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Subbiah Pugazhenthi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Cheng W, Tang J, Xiao B, Kuang M, Xu L, Liu H. Mitigating cognitive impairment in aging mice: Exploring the therapeutic potential of ischelium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 687:149173. [PMID: 37944469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
To deeply explore the intervention effects of ischelium on the cognitive memory decline in naturally aging mice and its potential mechanisms, we randomly divided mice into four groups: young control group (C), elderly group (M), ischelium low-dose group (L), and ischelium high-dose group (H). The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. We employed the Y-maze test, open field test, and conditioned fear test to evaluate the memory functions of each group. Through HE staining and electron microscopy, we observed morphological changes in the mouse hippocampus. RT-PCR was used to detect changes in the expression of factors related to cognitive function in the hippocampus of elderly mice. We analyzed the changes in the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and the inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α using elisa. Additionally, we examined the enzymatic activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and MDA in the hippocampus and analyzed the compositional changes of gut microbiota in mice using 16S technology. Our results indicate that ischelium effectively ameliorates cognitive impairments in elderly mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Hangzhou Kang Ming Information Technology Co., Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Tang
- Hangzhou Kang Ming Information Technology Co., Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Boneng Xiao
- Laboratory Animal Center of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Hangzhou Kang Ming Information Technology Co., Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liaoyi Xu
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Hongying Liu
- Hangzhou Kang Ming Information Technology Co., Ltd, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Valencia-Olvera AC, Balu D, Faulk N, Amiridis A, Wang Y, Pham C, Avila-Munoz E, York JM, Thatcher GRJ, LaDu MJ. Inhibition of ACAT as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease Is Independent of ApoE4 Lipidation. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1120-1137. [PMID: 37157042 PMCID: PMC10457278 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
APOE4, encoding apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4), is the greatest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), compared to the common APOE3. While the mechanism(s) underlying APOE4-induced AD risk remains unclear, increasing the lipidation of apoE4 is an important therapeutic target as apoE4-lipoproteins are poorly lipidated compared to apoE3-lipoproteins. ACAT (acyl-CoA: cholesterol-acyltransferase) catalyzes the formation of intracellular cholesteryl-ester droplets, reducing the intracellular free cholesterol (FC) pool. Thus, inhibiting ACAT increases the FC pool and facilitates lipid secretion to extracellular apoE-containing lipoproteins. Previous studies using commercial ACAT inhibitors, including avasimibe (AVAS), as well as ACAT-knock out (KO) mice, exhibit reduced AD-like pathology and amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in familial AD (FAD)-transgenic (Tg) mice. However, the effects of AVAS with human apoE4 remain unknown. In vitro, AVAS induced apoE efflux at concentrations of AVAS measured in the brains of treated mice. AVAS treatment of male E4FAD-Tg mice (5xFAD+/-APOE4+/+) at 6-8 months had no effect on plasma cholesterol levels or distribution, the original mechanism for AVAS treatment of CVD. In the CNS, AVAS reduced intracellular lipid droplets, indirectly demonstrating target engagement. Surrogate efficacy was demonstrated by an increase in Morris water maze measures of memory and postsynaptic protein levels. Amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) solubility/deposition and neuroinflammation were reduced, critical components of APOE4-modulated pathology. However, there was no increase in apoE4 levels or apoE4 lipidation, while amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic processing of APP were significantly reduced. This suggests that the AVAS-induced reduction in Aβ via reduced APP processing was sufficient to reduce AD pathology, as apoE4-lipoproteins remained poorly lipidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Valencia-Olvera
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Deebika Balu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Naomi Faulk
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | | | - Yueting Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
- Present Address: AbbVie Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064 USA
| | - Christine Pham
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Eva Avila-Munoz
- Syneos Health, Av. Gustavo Baz 309, La Loma, Tlalnepantla de Baz, 54060 Mexico
| | - Jason M. York
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Gregory R. J. Thatcher
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kiris I, Kukula-Koch W, Karayel-Basar M, Gurel B, Coskun J, Baykal AT. Proteomic alterations in the cerebellum and hippocampus in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model: Alleviating effect of palmatine. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114111. [PMID: 36502756 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent diseases that lead to memory deficiencies, severe behavioral abnormalities, and ultimately death. The need for more appropriate treatment of AD continues, and remains a sought-after goal. Previous studies showed palmatine (PAL), an isoquinoline alkaloid, might have the potential for combating AD because of its in vitro and in vivo activities. In this study, we aimed to assess PAL's therapeutic potential and gain insights into the working mechanism on protein level in the AD mouse model brain, for the first time. To this end, PAL was administered to 12-month-old 5xFAD mice at two doses after its successful isolation from the Siberian barberry shrub. PAL (10 mg/kg) showed statistically significant improvement in the memory and learning phase on the Morris water maze test. The PAL's ability to pass through the blood-brain barrier was verified via Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM). Label-free proteomics analysis revealed PAL administration led to changes most prominently in the cerebellum, followed by the hippocampus, but none in the cortex. Most of the differentially expressed proteins in PAL compared to the 5xFAD control group (ALZ) were the opposite of those in ALZ in comparison to healthy Alzheimer's littermates (ALM) group. HS105, HS12A, and RL12 were detected as hub proteins in the cerebellum. Collectively, here we present PAL as a potential therapeutic candidate owing to its alleviating effect in 5xFAD mice on not only cognitive impairment but also proteomes in the cerebellum and hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irem Kiris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Merve Karayel-Basar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Gurel
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, SUNUM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Julide Coskun
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Weller AE, Ferraro TN, Doyle GA, Reiner BC, Crist RC, Berrettini WH. Single Nucleus Transcriptome Data from Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Models Yield New Insight into Pathophysiology. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1233-1247. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: 5XFAD humanized mutant mice and Trem2 knockout (T2KO) mice are two mouse models relevant to the study of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related pathology. Objective: To determine hippocampal transcriptomic and polyadenylation site usage alterations caused by genetic mutations engineered in 5XFAD and T2KO mice. Methods: Employing a publicly available single-nucleus RNA sequencing dataset, we used Seurat and Sierra analytic programs to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential transcript usage (DTU), respectively, in hippocampal cell types from each of the two mouse models. We analyzed cell type-specific DEGs further using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Results: We identified several DEGs in both neuronal and glial cell subtypes in comparisons of wild type (WT) versus 5XFAD and WT versus T2KO mice, including Ttr, Fth1, Pcsk1n, Malat1, Rpl37, Rtn1, Sepw1, Uba52, Mbp, Arl6ip5, Gm26917, Vwa1, and Pgrmc1. We also observed DTU in common between the two comparisons in neuronal and glial subtypes, specifically in the genes Prnp, Rbm4b, Pnisr, Opcml, Cpne7, Adgrb1, Gabarapl2, Ubb, Ndfip1, Car11, and Stmn4. IPA identified three statistically significant canonical pathways that appeared in multiple cell types and that overlapped between 5XFAD and T2KO comparisons to WT, including ‘FXR/RXR Activation’, ‘LXR/RXR Activation’, and ‘Acute Phase Response Signaling’. Conclusion: DEG, DTU, and IPA findings, derived from two different mouse models of AD, highlight the importance of energy imbalance and inflammatory processes in specific hippocampal cell types, including subtypes of neurons and glial cells, in the development of AD-related pathology. Additional studies are needed to further characterize these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Weller
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas N. Ferraro
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Glenn A. Doyle
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Reiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard C. Crist
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wade H. Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hook G, Reinheckel T, Ni J, Wu Z, Kindy M, Peters C, Hook V. Cathepsin B Gene Knockout Improves Behavioral Deficits and Reduces Pathology in Models of Neurologic Disorders. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:600-629. [PMID: 35710131 PMCID: PMC9553114 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CTSB) is a powerful lysosomal protease. This review evaluated CTSB gene knockout (KO) outcomes for amelioration of brain dysfunctions in neurologic diseases and aging animal models. Deletion of the CTSB gene resulted in significant improvements in behavioral deficits, neuropathology, and/or biomarkers in traumatic brain injury, ischemia, inflammatory pain, opiate tolerance, epilepsy, aging, transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD), and periodontitis AD models as shown in 12 studies. One study found beneficial effects for double CTSB and cathepsin S KO mice in a multiple sclerosis model. Transgenic AD models using amyloid precursor protein (APP) mimicking common sporadic AD in three studies showed that CTSB KO improved memory, neuropathology, and biomarkers; two studies used APP representing rare familial AD and found no CTSB KO effect, and two studies used highly engineered APP constructs and reported slight increases in a biomarker. In clinical studies, all reports found that CTSB enzyme was upregulated in diverse neurologic disorders, including AD in which elevated CTSB was positively correlated with cognitive dysfunction. In a wide range of neurologic animal models, CTSB was also upregulated and not downregulated. Further, human genetic mutation data provided precedence for CTSB upregulation causing disease. Thus, the consilience of data is that CTSB gene KO results in improved brain dysfunction and reduced pathology through blockade of CTSB enzyme upregulation that causes human neurologic disease phenotypes. The overall findings provide strong support for CTSB as a rational drug target and for CTSB inhibitors as therapeutic candidates for a wide range of neurologic disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review provides a comprehensive compilation of the extensive data on the effects of deleting the cathepsin B (CTSB) gene in neurological and aging mouse models of brain disorders. Mice lacking the CTSB gene display improved neurobehavioral deficits, reduced neuropathology, and amelioration of neuronal cell death and inflammatory biomarkers. The significance of the compelling CTSB evidence is that the data consilience validates CTSB as a drug target for discovery of CTSB inhibitors as potential therapeutics for treating numerous neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Hook
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Junjun Ni
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Zhou Wu
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Mark Kindy
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Christoph Peters
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Vivian Hook
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Santana DA, Bedrat A, Puga RD, Turecki G, Mechawar N, Faria TC, Gigek CO, Payão SL, Smith MA, Lemos B, Chen ES. The role of H3K9 acetylation and gene expression in different brain regions of Alzheimer's disease patients. Epigenomics 2022; 14:651-670. [PMID: 35588246 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate H3K9 acetylation and gene expression profiles in three brain regions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and elderly controls, and to identify AD region-specific abnormalities. Methods: Brain samples of auditory cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum from AD patients and controls underwent chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, RNA sequencing and network analyses. Results: We found a hyperacetylation of AD cerebellum and a slight hypoacetylation of AD hippocampus. The transcriptome revealed differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus and auditory cortex. Network analysis revealed Rho GTPase-mediated mechanisms. Conclusions: These findings suggest that some crucial mechanisms, such as Rho GTPase activity and cytoskeletal organization, are differentially dysregulated in brain regions of AD patients at the epigenetic and transcriptomic levels, and might contribute toward future research on AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daliléia A Santana
- Department of Morphology & Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo,SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Amina Bedrat
- Department of Environmental Health & Molecular & Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-5810, USA
| | - Renato D Puga
- Hermes Pardini Institute, São Paulo, SP, 04038-030, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H1R3, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H1R3, Canada
| | - Tathyane C Faria
- Department of Morphology & Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo,SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Gigek
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Spencer Lm Payão
- Department of Genetics, Blood Center, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, SP, 17519-050, Brazil
| | - Marília Ac Smith
- Department of Morphology & Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo,SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Lemos
- Department of Environmental Health & Molecular & Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-5810, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Chen
- Department of Morphology & Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo,SP, 04023-062, Brazil.,Department of Environmental Health & Molecular & Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-5810, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lio CT, Kacprowski T, Klaedtke M, Jensen LR, Bouter Y, Bayer TA, Kuss AW. Small RNA Sequencing in the Tg4–42 Mouse Model Suggests the Involvement of snoRNAs in the Etiology of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1671-1681. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The Tg4-42 mouse model for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has unique features, as the neuronal expression of wild type N-truncated Aβ4–42 induces an AD-typical neurological phenotype in the absence of plaques. It is one of the few models developing neuron death in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. As such, it could serve as a powerful tool for preclinical drug testing and identification of the underlying molecular pathways that drive the pathology of AD. Objective: The aim of this study was to use a differential co-expression analysis approach for analyzing a small RNA sequencing dataset from a well-established murine model in order to identify potentially new players in the etiology of AD. Methods: To investigate small nucleolar RNAs in the hippocampus of Tg4-42 mice, we used RNA-Seq data from this particular tissue and, instead of analyzing the data at single gene level, employed differential co-expression analysis, which takes the comparison to gene pair level and thus affords a new angle to the interpretation of these data. Results: We identified two clusters of differentially correlated small RNAs, including Snord55, Snord57, Snord49a, Snord12, Snord38a, Snord99, Snord87, Mir1981, Mir106b, Mir30d, Mir598, and Mir99b. Interestingly, some of them have been reported to be functionally relevant in AD pathogenesis, as AD biomarkers, regulating tau phosphorylation, TGF-β receptor function or Aβ metabolism. Conclusion: The majority of snoRNAs for which our results suggest a potential role in the etiology of AD were so far not conspicuously implicated in the context of AD pathogenesis and could thus point towards interesting new avenues of research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chit Tong Lio
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TechnicalUniversity of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Division Data Science in Biomedicine, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maik Klaedtke
- Department of Functional Genomics, Human Molecular Genetics Group, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lars R. Jensen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Human Molecular Genetics Group, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yvonne Bouter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Bayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Andreas W. Kuss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Human Molecular Genetics Group, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guemri J, Pierre-Jean M, Brohard S, Oussada N, Horgues C, Bonnet E, Mauger F, Deleuze JF. Methylated ccfDNA from plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease using targeted bisulfite sequencing. Epigenomics 2022; 14:451-468. [PMID: 35416052 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Noninvasive biomarkers such as methylated ccfDNA from plasma could help to support the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: A targeted sequencing protocol was developed to identify candidate biomarkers of AD in methylated ccfDNA extracted from plasma. Results: The authors identified differentially methylated CpGs, regions of which were the same as those identified in previous AD studies. Specifically, a differentially methylated CpG of the LHX2 gene previously identified in a plasma study of AD was replicated in the study. The MBP and DUSP22 regions have been identified in other brain studies of AD and in the authors' study. Conclusion: Although these biomarkers must be validated in other cohorts, methylated ccfDNA could be a relevant noninvasive biomarker in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guemri
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Morgane Pierre-Jean
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Solène Brohard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Nouara Oussada
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Caroline Horgues
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Eric Bonnet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Florence Mauger
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry, 91057, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee HJ, Park JH, Hoe HS. Idebenone Regulates Aβ and LPS-Induced Neurogliosis and Cognitive Function Through Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome/IL-1β Axis Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:749336. [PMID: 35222363 PMCID: PMC8866241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.749336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idebenone is an analogue of coenzyme Q10, an electron donor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and thus may function as an antioxidant to facilitate mitochondrial function. However, whether idebenone modulates LPS- and Aβ-mediated neuroinflammatory responses and cognitive function in vivo is unknown. The present study explored the effects of idebenone on LPS- or Aβ-mediated neuroinflammation, learning and memory and the underlying molecular mechanisms in wild-type (WT) mice and 5xFAD mice, a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In male and female WT mice, idebenone upregulated neuroprotective NRF2 expression, rescued LPS-induced spatial and recognition memory impairments, and reduced NLRP3 priming and subsequent neuroinflammation. Moreover, idebenone downregulated LPS-mediated neurogliosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and mitochondrial function in BV2 microglial cells and primary astrocytes by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In 5xFAD mice, idebenone increased neuroprotective NRF2 expression and improved amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced cognitive dysfunction. Idebenone downregulated Aβ-mediated gliosis and proinflammatory cytokine levels in 5xFAD mice by modulating the vicious NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β neuroinflammation cycle. Taken together, our results suggest that idebenone targets neuroglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation and therefore may have neuroprotective effects and inhibit the pathological progression of neuroinflammation-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
O'Leary TP, Brown RE. Visuo-spatial learning and memory impairments in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: Effects of age, sex, albinism, and motor impairments. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 21:e12794. [PMID: 35238473 PMCID: PMC9744519 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rapidly develops AD-related neuro-behavioral pathology. Learning and memory impairments in 5xFAD mice, however, are not always replicated and the size of impairments varies considerably across studies. To examine possible sources of this variability, we analyzed the effects of age, sex, albinism due to background genes (Tyrc , Oca2p ) and motor impairment on learning and memory performance of wild type and 5xFAD mice on the Morris water maze, from 3 to 15 months of age. The 5xFAD mice showed impaired learning at 6-9 months of age, but memory impairments were not detected with the test procedure used in this study. Performance of 5xFAD mice was profoundly impaired at 12-15 months of age, but was accompanied by slower swim speeds than wild-type mice and a frequent failure to locate the escape platform. Overall female mice performed worse than males, and reversal learning impairments in 5xFAD mice were more pronounced in females than males. Albino mice performed worse than pigmented mice, confirming that albinism can impair performance of 5xFAD mice independently of AD-related transgenes. Overall, these results show that 5xFAD mice have impaired learning performance at 6-9 months of age, but learning and memory performance at 12-15 months is confounded with motor impairments. Furthermore, sex and albinism should be controlled to provide an accurate assessment of AD-related transgenes on learning and memory. These results will help reduce variability across pre-clinical experiments with 5xFAD mice, and thus enhance the reliability of studies developing new therapeutics for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. O'Leary
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Richard E. Brown
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fertan E, Brown RE. Age-Related Deficits in Working Memory in 5xFAD Mice in the Hebb-Williams Maze. Behav Brain Res 2022; 424:113806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
16
|
Fang J, Zhang P, Wang Q, Chiang CW, Zhou Y, Hou Y, Xu J, Chen R, Zhang B, Lewis SJ, Leverenz JB, Pieper AA, Li B, Li L, Cummings J, Cheng F. Artificial intelligence framework identifies candidate targets for drug repurposing in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:7. [PMID: 35012639 PMCID: PMC8751379 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, utilizing GWAS and multi-omics data to identify high-confidence AD risk genes (ARGs) and druggable targets that can guide development of new therapeutics for patients suffering from AD has heretofore not been successful. METHODS To address this critical problem in the field, we have developed a network-based artificial intelligence framework that is capable of integrating multi-omics data along with human protein-protein interactome networks to accurately infer accurate drug targets impacted by GWAS-identified variants to identify new therapeutics. When applied to AD, this approach integrates GWAS findings, multi-omics data from brain samples of AD patients and AD transgenic animal models, drug-target networks, and the human protein-protein interactome, along with large-scale patient database validation and in vitro mechanistic observations in human microglia cells. RESULTS Through this approach, we identified 103 ARGs validated by various levels of pathobiological evidence in AD. Via network-based prediction and population-based validation, we then showed that three drugs (pioglitazone, febuxostat, and atenolol) are significantly associated with decreased risk of AD compared with matched control populations. Pioglitazone usage is significantly associated with decreased risk of AD (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.916, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.861-0.974, P = 0.005) in a retrospective case-control validation. Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist used to treat type 2 diabetes, and propensity score matching cohort studies confirmed its association with reduced risk of AD in comparison to glipizide (HR = 0.921, 95% CI 0.862-0.984, P = 0.0159), an insulin secretagogue that is also used to treat type 2 diabetes. In vitro experiments showed that pioglitazone downregulated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK5) in human microglia cells, supporting a possible mechanism-of-action for its beneficial effect in AD. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we present an integrated, network-based artificial intelligence methodology to rapidly translate GWAS findings and multi-omics data to genotype-informed therapeutic discovery in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Fang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Yuan Hou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jielin Xu
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Stephen J Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bouter C, Irwin C, Franke TN, Beindorff N, Bouter Y. Quantitative Brain Positron Emission Tomography in Female 5XFAD Alzheimer Mice: Pathological Features and Sex-Specific Alterations. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:745064. [PMID: 34901060 PMCID: PMC8661108 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.745064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful back-translating clinical biomarkers and molecular imaging methods of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including positron emission tomography (PET), are very valuable for the evaluation of new therapeutic strategies and increase the quality of preclinical studies. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)–PET and 18F-Florbetaben–PET are clinically established biomarkers capturing two key pathological features of AD. However, the suitability of 18F-FDG– and amyloid–PET in the widely used 5XFAD mouse model of AD is still unclear. Furthermore, only data on male 5XFAD mice have been published so far, whereas studies in female mice and possible sex differences in 18F-FDG and 18F-Florbetaben uptake are missing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of 18F-FDG– and 18F-Florbetaben–PET in 7-month-old female 5XFAD and to assess possible sex differences between male and female 5XFAD mice. We could demonstrate that female 5XFAD mice showed a significant reduction in brain glucose metabolism and increased cerebral amyloid deposition compared with wild type animals, in accordance with the pathology seen in AD patients. Furthermore, we showed for the first time that the hypometabolism in 5XFAD mice is gender-dependent and more pronounced in female mice. Therefore, these results support the feasibility of small animal PET imaging with 18F-FDG- and 18F-Florbetaben in 5XFAD mice in both, male and female animals. Moreover, our findings highlight the need to account for sex differences in studies working with 5XFAD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bouter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Irwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timon N Franke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicola Beindorff
- Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Bouter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fang J, Zhang P, Zhou Y, Chiang CW, Tan J, Hou Y, Stauffer S, Li L, Pieper AA, Cummings J, Cheng F. Endophenotype-based in silico network medicine discovery combined with insurance record data mining identifies sildenafil as a candidate drug for Alzheimer's disease. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:1175-1188. [PMID: 35572351 PMCID: PMC9097949 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We developed an endophenotype disease module-based methodology for Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug repurposing and identified sildenafil as a potential disease risk modifier. Based on retrospective case-control pharmacoepidemiologic analyses of insurance claims data for 7.23 million individuals, we found that sildenafil usage was significantly associated with a 69% reduced risk of AD (hazard ratio = 0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.25-0.39, P<1.0×10-8). Propensity score stratified analyses confirmed that sildenafil is significantly associated with a decreased risk of AD across all four drug cohorts we tested (diltiazem, glimepiride, losartan and metformin) after adjusting age, sex, race, and disease comorbidities. We also found that sildenafil increases neurite growth and decreases phospho-tau expression in AD patient-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived neuron models, supporting mechanistically its potential beneficial effect in Alzheimer's disease. The association between sildenafil use and decreased incidence of AD does not establish causality or its direction, which requires a randomized clinical trial approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Fang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Indiana University
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Juan Tan
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Yuan Hou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shaun Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospital Case Medical Center; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Correspondence to: Feixiong Cheng, Ph.D., Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, , Tel: +1-216-4447654; Fax: +1-216-6361609
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li QS, Vasanthakumar A, Davis JW, Idler KB, Nho K, Waring JF, Saykin AJ. Association of peripheral blood DNA methylation level with Alzheimer's disease progression. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:191. [PMID: 34654479 PMCID: PMC8518178 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying biomarkers associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression may enable patient enrichment and improve clinical trial designs. Epigenome-wide association studies have revealed correlations between DNA methylation at cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites and AD pathology and diagnosis. Here, we report relationships between peripheral blood DNA methylation profiles measured using Infinium® MethylationEPIC BeadChip and AD progression in participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. Results The rate of cognitive decline from initial DNA sampling visit to subsequent visits was estimated by the slopes of the modified Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (mPACC; mPACCdigit and mPACCtrailsB) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) plots using robust linear regression in cognitively normal (CN) participants and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), respectively. In addition, diagnosis conversion status was assessed using a dichotomized endpoint. Two CpG sites were significantly associated with the slope of mPACC in CN participants (P < 5.79 × 10−8 [Bonferroni correction threshold]); cg00386386 was associated with the slope of mPACCdigit, and cg09422696 annotated to RP11-661A12.5 was associated with the slope of CDR-SB. No significant CpG sites associated with diagnosis conversion status were identified. Genes involved in cognition and learning were enriched. A total of 19, 13, and 5 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with the slopes of mPACCtrailsB, mPACCdigit, and CDR-SB, respectively, were identified by both comb-p and DMRcate algorithms; these included DMRs annotated to HOXA4. Furthermore, 5 and 19 DMRs were associated with conversion status in CN and MCI participants, respectively. The most significant DMR was annotated to the AD-associated gene PM20D1 (chr1: 205,818,956 to 205,820,014 [13 probes], Sidak-corrected P = 7.74 × 10−24), which was associated with both the slope of CDR-SB and the MCI conversion status. Conclusion Candidate CpG sites and regions in peripheral blood were identified as associated with the rate of cognitive decline in participants in the ADNI cohort. While we did not identify a single CpG site with sufficient clinical utility to be used by itself due to the observed effect size, a biosignature composed of DNA methylation changes may have utility as a prognostic biomarker for AD progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01179-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqin S Li
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ, 08560, USA.
| | | | - Justin W Davis
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Kwangsik Nho
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bayer TA. N-Truncated Aβ Starting at Position Four-Biochemical Features, Preclinical Models, and Potential as Drug Target in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:710579. [PMID: 34489680 PMCID: PMC8417877 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.710579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The discussion of whether amyloid plaque Aβ is a valid drug target to fight Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been a matter of scientific dispute for decades. This question can only be settled by successful clinical trials and the approval of disease-modifying drugs. However, many clinical trials with antibodies against different regions of the amyloid Aβ peptide have been discontinued, as they did not meet the clinical endpoints required. Recently, passive immunization of AD patients with Donanemab, an antibody directed against the N-terminus of pyroglutamate Aβ, showed beneficial effects in a phase II trial, supporting the concept that N-truncated Aβ is a relevant target for AD therapy. There is long-standing evidence that N-truncated Aβ variants are the main variants found in amyloid plaques besides full-length Aβ1–42, t, therefore their role in triggering AD pathology and as targets for drug development are of interest. While the contribution of pyroglutamate Aβ3–42 to AD pathology has been well studied in the past, the potential role of Aβ4–42 has been largely neglected. The present review will therefore focus on Aβ4–42 as a possible drug target based on human and mouse pathology, in vitro and in vivo toxicity, and anti-Aβ4-X therapeutic effects in preclinical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Bayer
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kiris I, Skalicka-Wozniak K, Basar MK, Sahin B, Gurel B, Baykal AT. Molecular Effects of Pteryxin and Scopoletin in the 5xFAD Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2937-2950. [PMID: 34455957 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210827152914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent diseases with rapidly increasing numbers, but there is still no medication to treat or stop the disease. Previous data on coumarins suggests that scopoletin may have potential benefits in AD. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the therapeutic potential of the coumarins with natural origin - scopoletin and pteryxin in a 5xFAD mouse model of AD Methods: Both compounds were administered at two doses to 12-month-old mice, which represent severe AD pathology. The effects of coumarins were assessed on cognition in mouse experiments. Changes in the overall brain proteome were evaluated using LC-MS/MS analyses. RESULTS The Morris water maze test implicated that a higher dose of pteryxin (16 mg/kg) significantly improved learning, and the proteome analysis showed pronounced changes of specific proteins upon pteryxin administration. The amyloid-β precursor protein, glial fibrillary acid protein, and apolipoprotein E protein which are highly associated with AD, were among the differentially expressed proteins at the higher dose of the pteryxin. CONCLUSION Overall, pteryxin may be evaluated further as a disease-modifying agent in AD pathology in the late stages of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irem Kiris
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | | | - Merve Karayel Basar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Betul Sahin
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, R&D Center, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Busra Gurel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul. Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Oblak AL, Lin PB, Kotredes KP, Pandey RS, Garceau D, Williams HM, Uyar A, O'Rourke R, O'Rourke S, Ingraham C, Bednarczyk D, Belanger M, Cope ZA, Little GJ, Williams SPG, Ash C, Bleckert A, Ragan T, Logsdon BA, Mangravite LM, Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Territo PR, Carter GW, Howell GR, Sasner M, Lamb BT. Comprehensive Evaluation of the 5XFAD Mouse Model for Preclinical Testing Applications: A MODEL-AD Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:713726. [PMID: 34366832 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.71372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to investigate therapeutic interventions in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases depends on extensive characterization of the model(s) being used. There are numerous models that have been generated to study Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. While transgenic models have been instrumental in understanding AD mechanisms and risk factors, they are limited in the degree of characteristics displayed in comparison with AD in humans, and the full spectrum of AD effects has yet to be recapitulated in a single mouse model. The Model Organism Development and Evaluation for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (MODEL-AD) consortium was assembled by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) to develop more robust animal models of AD with increased relevance to human disease, standardize the characterization of AD mouse models, improve preclinical testing in animals, and establish clinically relevant AD biomarkers, among other aims toward enhancing the translational value of AD models in clinical drug design and treatment development. Here we have conducted a detailed characterization of the 5XFAD mouse, including transcriptomics, electroencephalogram, in vivo imaging, biochemical characterization, and behavioral assessments. The data from this study is publicly available through the AD Knowledge Portal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Oblak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Peter B Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Ravi S Pandey
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Dylan Garceau
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | - Asli Uyar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Rita O'Rourke
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | - Cynthia Ingraham
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Melisa Belanger
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zackary A Cope
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gabriela J Little
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Carl Ash
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Adam Bleckert
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Tim Ragan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | | | | | | | - Paul R Territo
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | | | | | - Bruce T Lamb
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oblak AL, Lin PB, Kotredes KP, Pandey RS, Garceau D, Williams HM, Uyar A, O'Rourke R, O'Rourke S, Ingraham C, Bednarczyk D, Belanger M, Cope ZA, Little GJ, Williams SPG, Ash C, Bleckert A, Ragan T, Logsdon BA, Mangravite LM, Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Territo PR, Carter GW, Howell GR, Sasner M, Lamb BT. Comprehensive Evaluation of the 5XFAD Mouse Model for Preclinical Testing Applications: A MODEL-AD Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:713726. [PMID: 34366832 PMCID: PMC8346252 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.713726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to investigate therapeutic interventions in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases depends on extensive characterization of the model(s) being used. There are numerous models that have been generated to study Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. While transgenic models have been instrumental in understanding AD mechanisms and risk factors, they are limited in the degree of characteristics displayed in comparison with AD in humans, and the full spectrum of AD effects has yet to be recapitulated in a single mouse model. The Model Organism Development and Evaluation for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (MODEL-AD) consortium was assembled by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) to develop more robust animal models of AD with increased relevance to human disease, standardize the characterization of AD mouse models, improve preclinical testing in animals, and establish clinically relevant AD biomarkers, among other aims toward enhancing the translational value of AD models in clinical drug design and treatment development. Here we have conducted a detailed characterization of the 5XFAD mouse, including transcriptomics, electroencephalogram, in vivo imaging, biochemical characterization, and behavioral assessments. The data from this study is publicly available through the AD Knowledge Portal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Oblak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Peter B Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Ravi S Pandey
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Dylan Garceau
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | - Asli Uyar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Rita O'Rourke
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | - Cynthia Ingraham
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Melisa Belanger
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zackary A Cope
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gabriela J Little
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Carl Ash
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Adam Bleckert
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Tim Ragan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | | | | | | | - Paul R Territo
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | | | | | - Bruce T Lamb
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kiris I, Basar MK, Sahin B, Gurel B, Coskun J, Mroczek T, Baykal AT. Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Lycoramine on Alzheimer's Disease in Mouse Model. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3449-3473. [PMID: 33200692 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999201116193126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is one of the leading health problems characterized by the accumulation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau that account for the senile plaque formations causing extensive cognitive decline. Many of the clinical diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease are made in the late stages, when the pathological changes have already progressed. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the promising therapeutic effects of a natural compound, lycoramine, which has been shown to have therapeutic potential in several studies and to understand its mechanism of action on the molecular level via differential protein expression analyses. METHODS Lycoramine and galantamine, an FDA approved drug used in the treatment of mild to moderate AD, were administered to 12 month-old 5xFAD mice. Effects of the compounds were investigated by Morris water maze, immunohistochemistry and label- free differential protein expression analyses. RESULTS Here we demonstrated the reversal of cognitive decline via behavioral testing and the clearance of Aβ plaques. Proteomics analysis provided in-depth information on the statistically significant protein perturbations in the cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum sections to hypothesize the possible clearance mechanisms of the plaque formation and the molecular mechanism of the reversal of cognitive decline in a transgenic mouse model. Bioinformatics analyses showed altered molecular pathways that can be linked with the reversal of cognitive decline observed after lycoramine administration but not with galantamine. CONCLUSION Lycoramine shows therapeutic potential to halt and reverse cognitive decline at the late stages of disease progression, and holds great promise for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irem Kiris
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Karayel Basar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Sahin
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, R&D Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Gurel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Julide Coskun
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, R&D Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tomasz Mroczek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhu D, Gu X, Lin Z, Yu D, Wang J. High expression of PSMC2 promotes gallbladder cancer through regulation of GNG4 and predicts poor prognosis. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:43. [PMID: 34016944 PMCID: PMC8138011 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a common malignant tumor of the biliary tract, which accounts for 80-95% of biliary tumors worldwide, and is the leading cause of biliary malignant tumor-related death. This study identified PSMC2 as a potential regulator in the development of GBC. We showed that PSMC2 expression in GBC tissues is significantly higher than that in normal tissues, while high PSMC2 expression was correlated with more advanced tumor grade and poorer prognosis. The knockdown of PSMC2 in GBC cells induced significant inhibition of cell proliferation, colony formation and cell motility, while the promotion of cell apoptosis. The construction and observation of the mice xenograft model also confirmed the inhibitory effects of PSMC2 knockdown on GBC development. Moreover, our mechanistic study recognized GNG4 as a potential downstream target of PSMC2, knockdown of which could aggravate the tumor suppression induced by PSMC2 knockdown in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, for the first time, PSMC2 was revealed as a tumor promotor in the development of GBC, which could regulate cell phenotypes of GBC cells through the interaction with GNG4, and maybe a promising therapeutic target in GBC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Gu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengyu Lin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sragovich S, Gershovits M, Lam JC, Li VO, Gozes I. Putative Blood Somatic Mutations in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Symptomatic Soldiers: High Impact of Cytoskeletal and Inflammatory Proteins. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1723-1734. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-201158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: We recently discovered autism/intellectual disability somatic mutations in postmortem brains, presenting higher frequency in Alzheimer’s disease subjects, compared with the controls. We further revealed high impact cytoskeletal gene mutations, coupled with potential cytoskeleton-targeted repair mechanisms. Objective: The current study was aimed at further discerning if somatic mutations in brain diseases are presented only in the most affected tissue (the brain), or if blood samples phenocopy the brain, toward potential diagnostics. Methods: Variant calling analyses on an RNA-seq database including peripheral blood samples from 85 soldiers (58 controls and 27 with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD) was performed. Results: High (e.g., protein truncating) as well as moderate impact (e.g., single amino acid change) germline and putative somatic mutations in thousands of genes were found. Further crossing the mutated genes with autism, intellectual disability, cytoskeleton, inflammation, and DNA repair databases, identified the highest number of cytoskeletal-mutated genes (187 high and 442 moderate impact). Most of the mutated genes were shared and only when crossed with the inflammation database, more putative high impact mutated genes specific to the PTSD-symptom cohorts versus the controls (14 versus 13) were revealed, highlighting tumor necrosis factor specifically in the PTSD-symptom cohorts. Conclusion: With microtubules and neuro-immune interactions playing essential roles in brain neuroprotection and Alzheimer-related neurodegeneration, the current mutation discoveries contribute to mechanistic understanding of PTSD and brain protection, as well as provide future diagnostics toward personalized military deployment strategies and drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Sragovich
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Gershovits
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jacqueline C.K. Lam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victor O.K. Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yin W, Cerda-Hernández N, Castillo-Morales A, Ruiz-Tejada-Segura ML, Monzón-Sandoval J, Moreno-Castilla P, Pérez-Ortega R, Bermudez-Rattoni F, Urrutia AO, Gutiérrez H. Transcriptional, Behavioral and Biochemical Profiling in the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model Reveals a Specific Signature of Amyloid Deposition and Functional Decline in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:602642. [PMID: 33390887 PMCID: PMC7774037 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.602642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related degenerative decline is associated to the presence of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque lesions and neuro fibrillary tangles (NFT). However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking Aβ deposition and neurological decline are still unclear. Here we combine genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the insular cortex of 3xTg-AD mice and control littermates from early through to late adulthood (2–14 months of age), with behavioral and biochemical profiling in the same animals to identify transcriptional determinants of functional decline specifically associated to build-up of Aβ deposits. Differential expression analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the cortex long before observed onset of behavioral symptoms in this model. Using behavioral and biochemical data derived from the same mice and samples, we found that down but not up-regulated DEGs show a stronger average association with learning performance than random background genes in control not seen in AD mice. Conversely, these same genes were found to have a stronger association with Aβ deposition than background genes in AD but not in control mice, thereby identifying these genes as potential intermediaries between abnormal Aβ/NFT deposition and functional decline. Using a complementary approach, gene ontology analysis revealed a highly significant enrichment of learning and memory, associative, memory, and cognitive functions only among down-regulated, but not up-regulated, DEGs. Our results demonstrate wider transcriptional changes triggered by the abnormal deposition of Aβ/NFT occurring well before behavioral decline and identify a distinct set of genes specifically associated to abnormal Aβ protein deposition and cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Yin
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Navei Cerda-Hernández
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Atahualpa Castillo-Morales
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Mayra L Ruiz-Tejada-Segura
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Perla Moreno-Castilla
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rodrigo Pérez-Ortega
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular UNAM, Ciudad de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular UNAM, Ciudad de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Araxi O Urrutia
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.,Instituto de Ecología UNAM, Ciudad de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Humberto Gutiérrez
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hinteregger B, Loeffler T, Flunkert S, Neddens J, Bayer TA, Madl T, Hutter-Paier B. Metabolic, Phenotypic, and Neuropathological Characterization of the Tg4-42 Mouse Model for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1151-1168. [PMID: 33646155 PMCID: PMC8150512 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) research strongly depends on transgenic mouse models that display major symptoms of the disease. Although several AD mouse models have been developed representing relevant pathologies, only a fraction of available mouse models, like the Tg4-42 mouse model, display hippocampal atrophy caused by the death of neurons as the key feature of AD. The Tg4-42 mouse model is therefore very valuable for use in preclinical research. Furthermore, metabolic biomarkers which have the potential to detect biochemical changes, are crucial to gain deeper insights into the pathways, the underlying pathological mechanisms and disease progression. OBJECTIVE We thus performed an in-depth characterization of Tg4-42 mice by using an integrated approach to analyze alterations of complex biological networks in this AD in vivo model. METHODS Therefore, untargeted NMR-based metabolomic phenotyping was combined with behavioral tests and immunohistological and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Our in vivo experiments demonstrate a loss of body weight increase in homozygous Tg4-42 mice over time as well as severe impaired learning behavior and memory deficits in the Morris water maze behavioral test. Furthermore, we found significantly altered metabolites in two different brain regions and metabolic changes of the glutamate/4-aminobutyrate-glutamine axis. Based on these results, downstream effects were analyzed showing increased Aβ42 levels, increased neuroinflammation as indicated by increased astro- and microgliosis as well as neuronal degeneration and neuronal loss in homozygous Tg4-42 mice. CONCLUSION Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of the Tg4-42 mouse model which could lead to a deeper understanding of pathological features of AD. Additionally this study reveals changes in metabolic biomarker which set the base for future preclinical studies or drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hinteregger
- QPS Austria GmbH, Grambach, Austria
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Thomas A. Bayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Stazi M, Wirths O. Physical activity and cognitive stimulation ameliorate learning and motor deficits in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2020; 397:112951. [PMID: 33027669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that physical exercise or cognitive stimulation might contribute to lower the risk of developing dementia disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we used the well-established enrichment environment (EE) paradigm to study the impact of prolonged physical activity and cognitive stimulation in a mouse model of AD overexpressing only Aβ4-42 peptides. These mice display age-dependent memory and motor deficits, in the absence of human amyloid precursor protein (APP) overexpression. We demonstrate that housing under EE conditions leads to an entire preservation of recognition and spatial memory, as well as a rescue of motor deficits in this mouse model. Moreover, we find that Tg4-42hom mice present a typical floating phenotype in the Morris water maze task that could be completely ameliorated upon long-term EE housing. Our findings are in line with epidemiological studies suggesting that physical activity and cognitive stimulation might represent efficient strategies to prevent age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Stazi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bouter Y, Kacprowski T, Rößler F, Jensen LR, Kuss AW, Bayer TA. miRNA Alterations Elicit Pathways Involved in Memory Decline and Synaptic Function in the Hippocampus of Aged Tg4-42 Mice. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:580524. [PMID: 33013313 PMCID: PMC7511553 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.580524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptome of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) species is increasingly focused in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research. NcRNAs comprise, among others, transfer RNAs, long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs (miRs), each with their own specific biological function. We used smallRNASeq to assess miR expression in the hippocampus of young (3 month old) and aged (8 month old) Tg4-42 mice, a model system for sporadic AD, as well as age-matched wildtype controls. Tg4-42 mice express N-truncated Aβ4–42, develop age-related neuron loss, reduced neurogenesis and behavioral deficits. Our results do not only confirm known miR-AD associations in Tg4-42 mice, but more importantly pinpoint 22 additional miRs associated to the disease. Twenty-five miRs were differentially expressed in both aged Tg4-42 and aged wildtype mice while eight miRs were differentially expressed only in aged wildtype mice, and 33 only in aged Tg4-42 mice. No significant alteration in the miRNome was detected in young mice, which indicates that the changes observed in aged mice are down-stream effects of Aβ-induced pathology in the Tg4-42 mouse model for AD. Targets of those miRs were predicted using miRWalk. For miRs that were differentially expressed only in the Tg4-42 model, 128 targets could be identified, whereas 18 genes were targeted by miRs only differentially expressed in wildtype mice and 85 genes were targeted by miRs differentially expressed in both mouse models. Genes targeted by differentially expressed miRs in the Tg4-42 model were enriched for negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation, learning or memory, regulation of trans-synaptic signaling and modulation of chemical synaptic transmission obtained. This untargeted miR sequencing approach supports previous reports on the Tg4-42 mice as a valuable model for AD. Furthermore, it revealed miRs involved in AD, which can serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Bouter
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Research Group Computational Systems Medicine, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan (WZW), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Fanny Rößler
- Research Group Computational Systems Medicine, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan (WZW), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Lars R Jensen
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas A Bayer
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Biophysical studies of protein misfolding and aggregation in in vivo models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Q Rev Biophys 2020; 49:e22. [PMID: 32493529 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583520000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD), are characterised by the formation of aberrant assemblies of misfolded proteins. The discovery of disease-modifying drugs for these disorders is challenging, in part because we still have a limited understanding of their molecular origins. In this review, we discuss how biophysical approaches can help explain the formation of the aberrant conformational states of proteins whose neurotoxic effects underlie these diseases. We discuss in particular models based on the transgenic expression of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau in AD, and α-synuclein in PD. Because biophysical methods have enabled an accurate quantification and a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying protein misfolding and aggregation in vitro, we expect that the further development of these methods to probe directly the corresponding mechanisms in vivo will open effective routes for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hook V, Yoon M, Mosier C, Ito G, Podvin S, Head BP, Rissman R, O'Donoghue AJ, Hook G. Cathepsin B in neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and related brain disorders. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140428. [PMID: 32305689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of Alzheimer's disease (AD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and related brain disorders have provided extensive evidence for involvement of cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine protease, in mediating the behavioral deficits and neuropathology of these neurodegenerative diseases. This review integrates findings of cathepsin B regulation in clinical biomarker studies, animal model genetic and inhibitor evaluations, structural studies, and lysosomal cell biological mechanisms in AD, TBI, and related brain disorders. The results together indicate the role of cathepsin B in the behavioral deficits and neuropathology of these disorders. Lysosomal leakage occurs in AD and TBI, and related neurodegeneration, which leads to the hypothesis that cathepsin B is redistributed from the lysosome to the cytosol where it initiates cell death and inflammation processes associated with neurodegeneration. These results together implicate cathepsin B as a major contributor to these neuropathological changes and behavioral deficits. These findings support the investigation of cathepsin B as a potential drug target for therapeutic discovery and treatment of AD, TBI, and TBI-related brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Hook
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America.
| | - Michael Yoon
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Charles Mosier
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Gen Ito
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Sonia Podvin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Brian P Head
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory Hook
- American Life Sciences Pharmaceuticals, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hinteregger B, Loeffler T, Flunkert S, Neddens J, Birner-Gruenberger R, Bayer TA, Madl T, Hutter-Paier B. Transgene integration causes RARB downregulation in homozygous Tg4-42 mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6377. [PMID: 32286473 PMCID: PMC7156671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease can be modelled by different transgenic mouse strains. To gain deeper insight into disease model mechanisms, the previously described Tg4-42 mouse was analysed for transgene integration. On RNA/DNA level the transgene integration resulted in more than 20 copy numbers and further caused a deletion of exon 2 of the retinoic acid receptor beta. These findings were also confirmed on protein level with highly decreased retinoic acid receptor beta protein levels in homozygous Tg4-42 mice and may have an impact on the previously described phenotype of homozygous Tg4-42 mice to be solely dependent on amyloid-ß 4-42 expression. Since hemizygous mice show no changes in RARB protein levels it can be concluded that the previously described phenotype of these mice should not be affected by the retinoic acid receptor beta gene knockout. In order to fully understand the results of transgenesis, it is extremely advisable to determine the genome integration site and the basic structure of the inserted transgenes. This can be carried out for instance by next-generation sequencing techniques. Our results thus suggest that a detailed characterization of new disease models using the latest genomics technologies prior to functional studies could be a valuable tool to avoid an unexpected genetic influence on the animals' phenotype that is not only based on the inserted transgene. This would also significantly improve the selection of mouse models that are best suited for therapeutic development and basic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hinteregger
- QPS Austria GmbH, Parkring 12, 8074, Grambach, Austria
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging) Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tina Loeffler
- QPS Austria GmbH, Parkring 12, 8074, Grambach, Austria
| | | | - Joerg Neddens
- QPS Austria GmbH, Parkring 12, 8074, Grambach, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging) Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology & Omics Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas A Bayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging) Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pandey RS, Graham L, Uyar A, Preuss C, Howell GR, Carter GW. Genetic perturbations of disease risk genes in mice capture transcriptomic signatures of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:50. [PMID: 31878951 PMCID: PMC6933917 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New genetic and genomic resources have identified multiple genetic risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and characterized this common dementia at the molecular level. Experimental studies in model organisms can validate these associations and elucidate the links between specific genetic factors and transcriptomic signatures. Animal models based on LOAD-associated genes can potentially connect common genetic variation with LOAD transcriptomes, thereby providing novel insights into basic biological mechanisms underlying the disease. METHODS We performed RNA-Seq on whole brain samples from a panel of six-month-old female mice, each carrying one of the following mutations: homozygous deletions of Apoe and Clu; hemizygous deletions of Bin1 and Cd2ap; and a transgenic APOEε4. Similar data from a transgenic APP/PS1 model was included for comparison to early-onset variant effects. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify modules of correlated genes and each module was tested for differential expression by strain. We then compared mouse modules with human postmortem brain modules from the Accelerating Medicine's Partnership for AD (AMP-AD) to determine the LOAD-related processes affected by each genetic risk factor. RESULTS Mouse modules were significantly enriched in multiple AD-related processes, including immune response, inflammation, lipid processing, endocytosis, and synaptic cell function. WGCNA modules were significantly associated with Apoe-/-, APOEε4, Clu-/-, and APP/PS1 mouse models. Apoe-/-, GFAP-driven APOEε4, and APP/PS1 driven modules overlapped with AMP-AD inflammation and microglial modules; Clu-/- driven modules overlapped with synaptic modules; and APP/PS1 modules separately overlapped with lipid-processing and metabolism modules. CONCLUSIONS This study of genetic mouse models provides a basis to dissect the role of AD risk genes in relevant AD pathologies. We determined that different genetic perturbations affect different molecular mechanisms comprising AD, and mapped specific effects to each risk gene. Our approach provides a platform for further exploration into the causes and progression of AD by assessing animal models at different ages and/or with different combinations of LOAD risk variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S. Pandey
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - Leah Graham
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
- Sackler School of graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Asli Uyar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | | | - Gareth R. Howell
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
- Sackler School of graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Gregory W. Carter
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
- Sackler School of graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Buneeva OA, Medvedeva MV, Kopylov AT, Medvedev AE. Ubiquitin Subproteome of Brain Mitochondria and Its Changes Induced by Experimental Parkinsonism and Action of Neuroprotectors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1359-1374. [PMID: 31760923 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919110117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes the data of our research and published studies on the ubiquitination of brain mitochondrial proteins and its changes during the development of experimental parkinsonism and administration of the neuroprotector isatin (indole-2,3-dione) with special attention to the mitochondrial ubiquitin-conjugating system and location of ubiquitinated proteins in these organelles. Incubation of brain mitochondrial fraction with biotinylated ubiquitin in vitro resulted in the incorporation of biotinylated ubiquitin in both mitochondrial and mitochondria-associated proteins. According to the interactome analysis, the identified non-ubiquitinated proteins are able to form tight complexes with ubiquitinated proteins or their partners and components of mitochondrial membranes, in which interactions of ubiquitin chains with the ubiquitin-binding protein domains play an important role. The studies of endogenous ubiquitination in the total brain mitochondrial fraction of C57Bl mice performed in different laboratories have shown that mitochondrial proteins represent about 30% of all ubiquitinated proteins. However, comparison of brain subproteomes of mitochondrial ubiquitinated proteins reported in the literature revealed significant differences both in their composition and involvement of identified ubiquitinated proteins in biological processes listed in the Gene Ontology database. The development of experimental parkinsonism in C57Bl mice induced by a single-dose administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) resulted in a decrease in the total number of mitochondrial ubiquitinated proteins and increase in the number of oxidized mitochondrial proteins containing the ubiquitin signature (K-ε-GG). Comparison of ubiquitinated proteins associated with the mouse brain mitochondrial fraction and mouse brain mitochondrial proteins bound to the proteasome ubiquitin receptor (Rpn10 subunit) did not reveal any common proteins. This suggests that ubiquitination of brain mitochondrial proteins is not directly related to their degradation in the proteasomes. Proteomic profiling of brain isatin-binding proteins identified enzymes involved in the ubiquitin-conjugating system functioning. Mapping of the identified isatin-binding proteins to known metabolic pathways indicates their participation in the parkin (E3 ubiquitin ligase)-associated pathway (CH000000947). The functional links involving brain mitochondrial ubiquitinated proteins were found only in the group of animals with the MPTP-induced parkinsonism, but not in animals treated with MPTP/isatin or isatin only. This suggests that the neuroprotective effect of isatin may be associated with the impaired functional relationships of proteins targeted to subsequent degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O A Buneeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Proteomic Research, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - M V Medvedeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - A T Kopylov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Proteomic Research, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - A E Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Proteomic Research, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sichler ME, Löw MJ, Schleicher EM, Bayer TA, Bouter Y. Reduced Acoustic Startle Response and Prepulse Inhibition in the Tg4-42 Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2019; 3:269-278. [PMID: 31867566 PMCID: PMC6918877 DOI: 10.3233/adr-190132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor deficits have been described in several neuropsychiatric disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible sensorimotor gating deficits in the Tg4-42 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease using the prepulse inhibition task (PPI). Previous studies indicated that the hippocampus is essentially involved in the regulation of PPI. We analyzed 7-month-old homozygous Tg4-42 mice as mice at this age display severe neuron loss especially in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Our results revealed a reduced startle response and PPI in Tg4-42 mice. The observed deficits in startle response and PPI are likely due to altered sensory processing abilities rather than hearing deficits as Tg4-42 displayed intact hearing in the fear conditioning task. The present study demonstrates for the first time that sensorimotor gating is impaired in Tg4-42 mice. Analyzing startle response as well as the PPI may offer valuable measurements to assess the efficacy of therapeutic strategies in the future in this Alzheimer’s disease model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius E Sichler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Löw
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Eva M Schleicher
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas A Bayer
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Bouter
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Meng J, Chen Y, Bi F, Li H, Chang C, Liu W. Pterostilbene attenuates amyloid-β induced neurotoxicity with regulating PDE4A-CREB-BDNF pathway. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:6356-6369. [PMID: 31737188 PMCID: PMC6834512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is considered partially responsible for cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Resveratrol is known as an anti-neurotoxicity potential natural product, however low blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permissibility and low oral-bioavailability (OB) are the main limitations on its clinical potential. In this study, we illustrated that Pterostilbene (PTS), a kind of resveratrol analog which showed higher scores on BBB and OB, could overcome Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. In silico simulation indicated PTS binding with PDE4A may contribute to its anti-apoptosis and anti-neurotoxicity effects. Behavioral tests further confirmed PTS' potential of overcoming memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice (AD model). Interestingly, PTS also rescued the reducing in dendritic spine density in APP/PS1 mice based on Golgi-Cox staining. Besides, as results of reversing Aβ-induced decreases in cyclic-AMP level, PTS increased the pVASP, pCREB, BDNF, and PSD95 expression. Overall, PTS protects neurons against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction through regulating the PDE4A-CREB-BDNF pathway. Therefore, targeting on PDE4A, PTS would be a qualified natural product for alleviating Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Meng
- Central Laboratory of Medicine School, Xi’an Peihua UniversityXi’an 710100, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Central Laboratory of Medicine School, Xi’an Peihua UniversityXi’an 710100, China
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People’s HospitalXi’an 710143, China
| | - Fangfang Bi
- Central Laboratory of Medicine School, Xi’an Peihua UniversityXi’an 710100, China
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People’s HospitalXi’an 710143, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People’s HospitalXi’an 710143, China
| | - Cuicui Chang
- Central Laboratory of Medicine School, Xi’an Peihua UniversityXi’an 710100, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People’s HospitalXi’an 710143, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jensen LR, Garrett L, Hölter SM, Rathkolb B, Rácz I, Adler T, Prehn C, Hans W, Rozman J, Becker L, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Puk O, Moreth K, Dopatka M, Walther DJ, von Bohlen und Halbach V, Rath M, Delatycki M, Bert B, Fink H, Blümlein K, Ralser M, Van Dijck A, Kooy F, Stark Z, Müller S, Scherthan H, Gecz J, Wurst W, Wolf E, Zimmer A, Klingenspor M, Graw J, Klopstock T, Busch D, Adamski J, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, de Angelis MH, von Bohlen und Halbach O, Ropers HH, Kuss AW. A mouse model for intellectual disability caused by mutations in the X-linked 2′‑O‑methyltransferase Ftsj1 gene. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2083-2093. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
39
|
Rahman MR, Islam T, Zaman T, Shahjaman M, Karim MR, Huq F, Quinn JMW, Holsinger RMD, Gov E, Moni MA. Identification of molecular signatures and pathways to identify novel therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease: Insights from a systems biomedicine perspective. Genomics 2019; 112:1290-1299. [PMID: 31377428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. However, there are no peripheral biomarkers available that can detect AD onset. This study aimed to identify the molecular signatures in AD through an integrative analysis of blood gene expression data. We used two microarray datasets (GSE4226 and GSE4229) comparing peripheral blood transcriptomes of AD patients and controls to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene set and protein overrepresentation analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI), DEGs-Transcription Factors (TFs) interactions, DEGs-microRNAs (miRNAs) interactions, protein-drug interactions, and protein subcellular localizations analyses were performed on DEGs common to the datasets. We identified 25 common DEGs between the two datasets. Integration of genome scale transcriptome datasets with biomolecular networks revealed hub genes (NOL6, ATF3, TUBB, UQCRC1, CASP2, SND1, VCAM1, BTF3, VPS37B), common transcription factors (FOXC1, GATA2, NFIC, PPARG, USF2, YY1) and miRNAs (mir-20a-5p, mir-93-5p, mir-16-5p, let-7b-5p, mir-708-5p, mir-24-3p, mir-26b-5p, mir-17-5p, mir-193-3p, mir-186-5p). Evaluation of histone modifications revealed that hub genes possess several histone modification sites associated with AD. Protein-drug interactions revealed 10 compounds that affect the identified AD candidate biomolecules, including anti-neoplastic agents (Vinorelbine, Vincristine, Vinblastine, Epothilone D, Epothilone B, CYT997, and ZEN-012), a dermatological (Podofilox) and an immunosuppressive agent (Colchicine). The subcellular localization of molecular signatures varied, including nuclear, plasma membrane and cytosolic proteins. In the present study, it was identified blood-cell derived molecular signatures that might be useful as candidate peripheral biomarkers in AD. It was also identified potential drugs and epigenetic data associated with these molecules that may be useful in designing therapeutic approaches to ameliorate AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezanur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biomedical Science, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Enayetpur, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh.
| | - Tania Islam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Toyfiquz Zaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biomedical Science, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Enayetpur, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahjaman
- Department of Statistics, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biomedical Science, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Enayetpur, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Fazlul Huq
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Julian M W Quinn
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - R M Damian Holsinger
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Esra Gov
- Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wagner JM, Sichler ME, Schleicher EM, Franke TN, Irwin C, Löw MJ, Beindorff N, Bouter C, Bayer TA, Bouter Y. Analysis of Motor Function in the Tg4-42 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:107. [PMID: 31156407 PMCID: PMC6533559 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Hallmarks of AD are memory impairments and cognitive deficits, but non-cognitive impairments, especially motor dysfunctions are also associated with the disease and may even precede classic clinical symptoms. With an aging society and increasing hospitalization of the elderly, motor deficits are of major interest to improve independent activities in daily living. Consistent with clinical findings, a variety of AD mouse models develop motor deficits as well. We investigated the motor function of 3- and 7-month-old Tg4-42 mice in comparison to wild-type controls and 5XFAD mice and discuss the results in context with several other AD mouse model. Our study shows impaired balance and motor coordination in aged Tg4-42 mice in the balance beam and rotarod test, while general locomotor activity and muscle strength is not impaired at 7 months. The cerebellum is a major player in the regulation and coordination of balance and locomotion through practice. Particularly, the rotarod test is able to detect cerebellar deficits. Furthermore, supposed cerebellar impairment was verified by 18F-FDG PET/MRI. Aged Tg4-42 mice showed reduced cerebellar glucose metabolism in the 18F-FDG PET. Suggesting that, deficits in coordination and balance are most likely due to cerebellar impairment. In conclusion, Tg4-42 mice develop motor deficits before memory deficits, without confounding memory test. Thus, making the Tg4-42 mouse model a good model to study the effects on cognitive decline of therapies targeting motor impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannek M. Wagner
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marius E. Sichler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva M. Schleicher
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timon N. Franke
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Irwin
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Johannes Löw
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicola Beindorff
- Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Bouter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Bayer
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Bouter
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Schleicher EM, Ott FW, Müller M, Silcher B, Sichler ME, Löw MJ, Wagner JM, Bouter Y. Prolonged Cannabidiol Treatment Lacks on Detrimental Effects on Memory, Motor Performance and Anxiety in C57BL/6J Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:94. [PMID: 31133833 PMCID: PMC6513893 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cannabis plant contains more than 100 currently known phytocannabinoids. Regarding the rising consumption of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) in people's everyday life (e.g., beauty products, food and beverages), the importance of studies on the influence of CBD on healthy humans and rodents is evident. Therefore, the behavioral profile of CBD was investigated with a battery of behavioral tests, including motor, anxiety, and memory tests after prolonged CBD treatment. Adult C57Bl/6J wildtype (WT) mice were daily intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg/kg CBD for 6 weeks starting at two different points of ages (3 months and 5 months) to compare the influence of prolonged CBD treatment with a washout period (former group) to the effects of long term CBD treatment (current group). Our results show that CBD treatment does not influence motor performance on an accelerating Rotarod test, while it also results in a lower locomotor activity in the open field (OF). No influence of CBD on spatial learning and long term memory in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) was observed. Memory in the Novel Object Recognition test (NORT) was unaffected by CBD treatment. Two different anxiety tests revealed that CBD does not affect anxiety behavior in the Dark-Light Box (DLB) and OF test. Although, anxiety is altered by current CBD treatment in the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM). Moreover, CBD-treated C57Bl/6J mice showed an unaltered acoustic startle response (ASR) compared to vehicle-treated mice. However, current CBD treatment impairs prepulse inhibition (PPI), a test to analyze sensorimotor gating. Furthermore, prolonged CBD treatment did not affect the hippocampal neuron number. Our results demonstrate that prolonged CBD treatment has no negative effect on the behavior of adult C57Bl/6J mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yvonne Bouter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Duncan MJ, Farlow H, Tirumalaraju C, Yun DH, Wang C, Howard JA, Sanden MN, O'Hara BF, McQuerry KJ, Bachstetter AD. Effects of the dual orexin receptor antagonist DORA-22 on sleep in 5XFAD mice. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2019; 5:70-80. [PMID: 30859123 PMCID: PMC6396100 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Sleep disruption is a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that may exacerbate disease progression. This study tested whether a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) would enhance sleep and attenuate neuropathology, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits in an AD-relevant mouse model, 5XFAD. Methods Wild-type (C57Bl6/SJL) and 5XFAD mice received chronic treatment with vehicle or DORA-22. Piezoelectric recordings monitored sleep and spatial memory was assessed via spontaneous Y-maze alternations. Aβ plaques, Aβ levels, and neuroinflammatory markers were measured by immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results In 5XFAD mice, DORA-22 significantly increased light-phase sleep without reducing Aβ levels, plaque density, or neuroinflammation. Effects of DORA-22 on cognitive deficits could not be determined because the 5XFAD mice did not exhibit deficits. Discussion These findings suggest that DORAs may improve sleep in AD patients. Further investigations should optimize the dose and duration of DORA-22 treatment and explore additional AD-relevant animal models and cognitive tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Duncan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hannah Farlow
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chairtra Tirumalaraju
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Do-Hyun Yun
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chanung Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - James A Howard
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Madison N Sanden
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bruce F O'Hara
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Adam D Bachstetter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Using Next-Generation Sequencing Transcriptomics To Determine Markers of Post-traumatic Symptoms: Preliminary Findings from a Post-deployment Cohort of Soldiers. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:463-471. [PMID: 30622122 PMCID: PMC6385974 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a concerning psychobehavioral disorder thought to emerge from the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. For soldiers exposed to combat, the risk of developing this disorder is twofold and diagnosis is often late, when much sequela has set in. To be able to identify and diagnose in advance those at “risk” of developing post-traumatic stress disorder, would greatly taper the gap between late sequelae and treatment. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether the transcriptome can be used to track the development of post-traumatic stress disorder in this unique and susceptible cohort of individuals. Gene expression levels in peripheral blood samples from 85 Canadian infantry soldiers (n = 58 participants negative for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and n = 27 participants with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder) following return from deployment to Afghanistan were determined using RNA sequencing technology. Count-based gene expression quantification, normalization and differential analysis (with thorough correction for confounders) revealed genes associated to PTSD; LRP8 and GOLM1. These preliminary results provide a proof-of-principle for the diagnostic utility of blood-based gene expression profiles for tracking symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in soldiers returning from tour. It is also the first to report transcriptome-wide expression profiles alongside a post-traumatic symptom checklist.
Collapse
|
44
|
Bouter C, Henniges P, Franke TN, Irwin C, Sahlmann CO, Sichler ME, Beindorff N, Bayer TA, Bouter Y. 18F-FDG-PET Detects Drastic Changes in Brain Metabolism in the Tg4-42 Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 10:425. [PMID: 30670962 PMCID: PMC6333025 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of new therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) relies heavily on in vivo imaging and suitable animal models that mimic the pathological changes seen in patients. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)-positron-emission tomography (PET) is a well-established non-invasive imaging tool for monitoring changes in cerebral brain glucose metabolism in vivo. 18F-FDG-PET is used as a functional biomarker for AD as patients show an early and progressive reduction of cerebral glucose metabolism. However, earlier studies in preclinical models of AD showed conflicting results. The aim of this study was the evaluation of cerebral glucose metabolism in the Tg4–42 mouse model of AD using 18F-FDG-PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tg4–42 mice show an age-dependent reduction in glucose metabolism together with severe neuron loss and memory deficits. Similar to AD patients early decrease in 18F-FDG uptake was already detected in young (3 months) Tg4–42 mice. The altered glucose metabolism coupled with age- and disease related cognitive decline of Tg4–42 mice make it a well-suited model for preclinical testing of AD-relevant therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bouter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Henniges
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timon N Franke
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Irwin
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Oliver Sahlmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marius E Sichler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicola Beindorff
- Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas A Bayer
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Bouter
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Endlich N, Lange T, Kuhn J, Klemm P, Kotb AM, Siegerist F, Kindt F, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Kuss AW, Nath N, Rettig R, Lendeckel U, Zimmermann U, Amann K, Stracke S, Endlich K. BDNF: mRNA expression in urine cells of patients with chronic kidney disease and its role in kidney function. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5265-5277. [PMID: 30133147 PMCID: PMC6201371 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte loss and changes to the complex morphology are major causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). As the incidence is continuously increasing over the last decades without sufficient treatment, it is important to find predicting biomarkers. Therefore, we measured urinary mRNA levels of podocyte genes NPHS1, NPHS2, PODXL and BDNF, KIM‐1, CTSL by qRT‐PCR of 120 CKD patients. We showed a strong correlation between BDNF and the kidney injury marker KIM‐1, which were also correlated with NPHS1, suggesting podocytes as a contributing source. In human biopsies, BDNF was localized in the cell body and major processes of podocytes. In glomeruli of diabetic nephropathy patients, we found a strong BDNF signal in the remaining podocytes. An inhibition of the BDNF receptor TrkB resulted in enhanced podocyte dedifferentiation. The knockdown of the orthologue resulted in pericardial oedema formation and lowered viability of zebrafish larvae. We found an enlarged Bowman's space, dilated glomerular capillaries, podocyte loss and an impaired glomerular filtration. We demonstrated that BDNF is essential for glomerular development, morphology and function and the expression of BDNF and KIM‐1 is highly correlated in urine cells of CKD patients. Therefore, BDNF mRNA in urine cells could serve as a potential CKD biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tim Lange
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jana Kuhn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Clinic for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Karlsburg Hospital Dr. Guth GmbH & Co KG, Karlsburg, Germany
| | - Paul Klemm
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ahmed M Kotb
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Siegerist
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frances Kindt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Neetika Nath
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rainer Rettig
- Department of Physiology, University of Greifswald, Karlsburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Zimmermann
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sylvia Stracke
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karlhans Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wenzel TJ, Klegeris A. Novel multi-target directed ligand-based strategies for reducing neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2018; 207:314-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
47
|
Bonham LW, Evans DS, Liu Y, Cummings SR, Yaffe K, Yokoyama JS. Neurotransmitter Pathway Genes in Cognitive Decline During Aging: Evidence for GNG4 and KCNQ2 Genes. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2018; 33:153-165. [PMID: 29338302 PMCID: PMC6209098 DOI: 10.1177/1533317517739384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/RATIONALE Experimental studies support the role of neurotransmitter genes in dementia risk, but human studies utilizing single variants in candidate genes have had limited success. METHODS We used the gene-based testing program Versatile Gene-based Association Study to assess whether aggregate variation across 6 neurotransmitter pathways influences risk of cognitive decline in 8159 cognitively normal elderly (≥65 years old) adults from 3 community-based cohorts. RESULTS Common genetic variation in GNG4 and KCNQ2 was associated with cognitive decline. In human brain tissue data sets, both GNG4 and KCNQ2 show higher expression in hippocampus relative to other brain regions; GNG4 expression decreases with advancing age. Both GNG4 and KCNQ2 show highest expression in fetal astrocytes. CONCLUSION Genetic variation analyses and gene expression data suggest that GNG4 and KCNQ2 may be associated with cognitive decline in normal aging. Gene-based testing of neurotransmitter pathways may confirm and reveal novel risk genes in future studies of healthy cognitive aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke W. Bonham
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Steven R. Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Evgen'ev MB, Krasnov GS, Nesterova IV, Garbuz DG, Karpov VL, Morozov AV, Snezhkina AV, Samokhin AN, Sergeev A, Kulikov AM, Bobkova NV. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Neuroprotective Effect of Intranasal Administration of Human Hsp70 in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 59:1415-1426. [PMID: 28759972 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70, encoded by the HSPA1A gene in humans, is a key component of the machinery that protects neuronal cells from various stress conditions and whose production significantly declines during the course of aging and as a result of several neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we investigated whether sub-chronic intranasal administration of exogenous Hsp70 (eHsp70) exerts a neuroprotective effect on the temporal cortex and areas of the hippocampus in transgenic 5XFAD mice, a model of Alzheimer's disease. The quantitative analysis of neuronal pathologies in the compared groups, transgenic (Tg) versus non-transgenic (nTg), revealed high level of abnormalities in the brains of transgenic mice. Treatment with human recombinant Hsp70 had profound rejuvenation effect on both neuronal morphology and functional state in the temporal cortex and hippocampal regions in transgenic mice. Hsp70 administration had a smaller, but still significant, effect on the functional state of neurons in non-transgenic mice as well. Using deep sequencing, we identified multiple differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hippocampus of transgenic and non-transgenic mice. Furthermore, this analysis demonstrated that eHsp70 administration strongly modulates the spectrum of DEGs in transgenic animals, reverting to a pattern similar to that observed in non-transgenic age-matched mice, which included upregulation of genes responsible for amine transport, transmission of nerve impulses and other pathways that are impaired in 5XFAD mice. Overall, our data indicate that Hsp70 treatment may be an effective therapeutic against old age diseases of the Alzheimer's type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michail B Evgen'ev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Cell Biophysics, RAS, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | | | - Inna V Nesterova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, RAS, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - David G Garbuz
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim L Karpov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dietrich K, Bouter Y, Müller M, Bayer TA. Synaptic Alterations in Mouse Models for Alzheimer Disease-A Special Focus on N-Truncated Abeta 4-42. Molecules 2018; 23:E718. [PMID: 29561816 PMCID: PMC6017701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary reviews the role of the Alzheimer amyloid peptide Aβ on basal synaptic transmission, synaptic short-term plasticity, as well as short- and long-term potentiation in transgenic mice, with a special focus on N-terminal truncated Aβ4-42. Aβ4-42 is highly abundant in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. It demonstrates increased neurotoxicity compared to full length Aβ, suggesting an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Transgenic Tg4-42 mice, a model for sporadic AD, express human Aβ4-42 in Cornu Ammonis (CA1) neurons, and develop age-dependent hippocampal neuron loss and neurological deficits. In contrast to other transgenic AD mouse models, the Tg4-42 model exhibits synaptic hyperexcitability, altered synaptic short-term plasticity with no alterations in short- and long-term potentiation. The outcomes of this study are discussed in comparison with controversial results from other AD mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dietrich
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, von-Siebold-Strasse 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Bouter
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, von-Siebold-Strasse 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Michael Müller
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neuro- and Sense Physiology, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas A Bayer
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, von-Siebold-Strasse 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Endlich N, Kliewe F, Kindt F, Schmidt K, Kotb AM, Artelt N, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Döring F, Kuss AW, Amann K, Moeller MJ, Kabgani N, Blumenthal A, Endlich K. The transcription factor Dach1 is essential for podocyte function. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2656-2669. [PMID: 29498212 PMCID: PMC5908116 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiation and loss of podocytes are the major cause of chronic kidney disease. Dach1, a transcription factor that is essential for cell fate, was found in genome‐wide association studies to be associated with the glomerular filtration rate. We found that podocytes express high levels of Dach1 in vivo and to a much lower extent in vitro. Parietal epithelial cells (PECs) that are still under debate to be a type of progenitor cell for podocytes expressed Dach1 only at low levels. The transfection of PECs with a plasmid encoding for Dach1 induced the expression of synaptopodin, a podocyte‐specific protein, demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Furthermore, synaptopodin was located along actin fibres in a punctate pattern in Dach1‐expressing PECs comparable with differentiated podocytes. Moreover, dedifferentiating podocytes of isolated glomeruli showed a significant reduction in the expression of Dach1 together with synaptopodin after 9 days in cell culture. To study the role of Dach1 in vivo, we used the zebrafish larva as an animal model. Knockdown of the zebrafish ortholog Dachd by morpholino injection into fertilized eggs resulted in a severe renal phenotype. The glomeruli of the zebrafish larvae showed morphological changes of the glomerulus accompanied by down‐regulation of nephrin and leakage of the filtration barrier. Interestingly, glomeruli of biopsies from patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy showed also a significant reduction of Dach1 and synaptopodin in contrast to control biopsies. Taken together, Dach1 is a transcription factor that is important for podocyte differentiation and proper kidney function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Kliewe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frances Kindt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ahmed M Kotb
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nadine Artelt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Döring
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nazanin Kabgani
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karlhans Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|