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Liu QQ, Wu GH, Wang XC, Xiong XW, Rui-Wang, Yao BL. The role of Foxo3a in neuron-mediated cognitive impairment. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1424561. [PMID: 38962803 PMCID: PMC11220205 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1424561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (COI) is a prevalent complication across a spectrum of brain disorders, underpinned by intricate mechanisms yet to be fully elucidated. Neurons, the principal cell population of the nervous system, orchestrate cognitive processes and govern cognitive balance. Extensive inquiry has spotlighted the involvement of Foxo3a in COI. The regulatory cascade of Foxo3a transactivation implicates multiple downstream signaling pathways encompassing mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis, collectively affecting neuronal activity. Notably, the expression and activity profile of neuronal Foxo3a are subject to modulation via various modalities, including methylation of promoter, phosphorylation and acetylation of protein. Furthermore, upstream pathways such as PI3K/AKT, the SIRT family, and diverse micro-RNAs intricately interface with Foxo3a, engendering alterations in neuronal function. Through several downstream routes, Foxo3a regulates neuronal dynamics, thereby modulating the onset or amelioration of COI in Alzheimer's disease, stroke, ischemic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury. Foxo3a is a potential therapeutic cognitive target, and clinical drugs or multiple small molecules have been preliminarily shown to have cognitive-enhancing effects that indirectly affect Foxo3a. Particularly noteworthy are multiple randomized, controlled, placebo clinical trials illustrating the significant cognitive enhancement achievable through autophagy modulation. Here, we discussed the role of Foxo3a in neuron-mediated COI and common cognitively impaired diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bao-Le Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
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2
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Dhiman S, Mannan A, Taneja A, Mohan M, Singh TG. Sirtuin dysregulation in Parkinson's disease: Implications of acetylation and deacetylation processes. Life Sci 2024; 342:122537. [PMID: 38428569 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that primarily affects motor function and is caused by a gradual decline of dopaminergic neurons in the brain's substantia pars compacta (Snpc) region. Multiple molecular pathways are involved in the pathogenesis, which results in impaired cellular functions and neuronal degeneration. However, the role of sirtuins, a type of NAD+-dependent deacetylase, in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease has recently been investigated. Sirtuins are essential for preserving cellular homeostasis because they control a number of biological processes, such as metabolism, apoptosis, and DNA repair. This review shed lights on the dysregulation of sirtuin activity in PD, highlighting the role that acetylation and deacetylation processes play in the development of the disease. Key regulators of protein acetylation, sirtuins have been found to be involved in the aberrant acetylation of vital substrates linked to PD pathology when their balance is out of balance. The hallmark characteristics of PD such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction have all been linked to the dysregulation of sirtuin expression and activity. Furthermore, we have also explored how the modulators of sirtuins can be a promising therapeutic intervention in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Ayushi Taneja
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Maneesh Mohan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
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Akbulut K, Keskin-Aktan A, Abgarmi S, Akbulut H. The role of SIRT2 inhibition on the aging process of brain in male rats. AGING BRAIN 2023; 4:100087. [PMID: 37519449 PMCID: PMC10372168 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Though the exact mechanisms regarding brain aging and its relation to neurodegenerative disorders are not precise, oxidative stress, the key regulators of apoptosis and autophagy, such as bcl-2 and beclin 1, seem to be the potential players in the aging of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. As a type of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) has been associated to age-related diseases. However, the exact role of SIRT2 in brain aging is not well studied. The objective of the current study was to study the role of SIRT2 inhibition on brain aging through the neuroprotective mechanisms. Methods We tested the effects of AGK-2, a SIRT2 inhibitor, on oxidative stress parameters, apoptosis and autophagy regulators including bcl-2, bax, beclin1 in young and old rats. 24 Wistar albino rats (3 months-old and 22 months-old) were divided into four groups; Young-Control (4% DMSO+PBS), Young-AGK-2 (10 µM/bw, ip), Aged-Control, and Aged-AGK-2. Following the 30 days of drug administration period the rats were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum were isolated. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured as oxidative stress parameters in all three brain regions. SIRT2, bcl-2, and bax protein expression levels were measured by western blot and gene expression level of beclin 1, Atg5, and SIRT2 by real-time PCR. Results The bcl-2, bcl-2/bax ratio, beclin 1, and TAS in the cerebral cortex of the aged group were significantly decreased; however, the TOS, oxidative stress index (OSI), and SIRT2 expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus increased. SIRT2 inhibition by AGK-2 reduced TOS and OSI levels in all brain regions and increased bcl-2, bcl-2/bax ratio. In aged animals, AGK-2 also increased the beclin 1 levels in the cortex and hippocampus. Conclusion Our results indicate that SIRT2 has an essential role in brain aging. The inhibition of SIRT2 by AGK-2 may increase cell survival and decrease aging related processes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus via decreasing oxidative stress, and increasing bcl-2 and beclin 1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.G. Akbulut
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A. Keskin-Aktan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - S.A. Abgarmi
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Ankara University Ankara, Turkey
| | - H. Akbulut
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Ankara University Ankara, Turkey
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Mehdi SF, Pusapati S, Anwar MS, Lohana D, Kumar P, Nandula SA, Nawaz FK, Tracey K, Yang H, LeRoith D, Brownstein MJ, Roth J. Glucagon-like peptide-1: a multi-faceted anti-inflammatory agent. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148209. [PMID: 37266425 PMCID: PMC10230051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to many chronic conditions. It is often associated with circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cells. GLP-1 levels correlate with disease severity. They are often elevated and can serve as markers of inflammation. Previous studies have shown that oxytocin, hCG, ghrelin, alpha-MSH and ACTH have receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory properties that can rescue cells from damage and death. These peptides have been studied well in the past century. In contrast, GLP-1 and its anti-inflammatory properties have been recognized only recently. GLP-1 has been proven to be a useful adjuvant therapy in type-2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and hyperglycemia. It also lowers HbA1C and protects cells of the cardiovascular and nervous systems by reducing inflammation and apoptosis. In this review we have explored the link between GLP-1, inflammation, and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faizan Mehdi
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Suma Pusapati
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Muhammad Saad Anwar
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Durga Lohana
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Parkash Kumar
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | | | - Fatima Kausar Nawaz
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Kevin Tracey
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Huan Yang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Jesse Roth
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
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5
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Lu W, Ji H, Wu D. SIRT2 plays complex roles in neuroinflammation neuroimmunology-associated disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174180. [PMID: 37215138 PMCID: PMC10196137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and neuroimmunology-associated disorders, including ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disease, commonly cause severe neurologic function deficits, including bradypragia, hemiplegia, aphasia, and cognitive impairment, and the pathological mechanism is not completely clear. SIRT2, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, was proven to play an important and paradoxical role in regulating ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disease. This review summarizes the comprehensive mechanism of the crucial pathological functions of SIRT2 in apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, neuroinflammation, and immune response. Elaborating on the mechanism by which SIRT2 participates in neuroinflammation and neuroimmunology-associated disorders is beneficial to discover novel effective drugs for diseases, varying from vascular disorders to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Tian HL, Wang W, Gong QY, Cai L, Jing Y, Yang DX, Yuan F, Chen H. Knockout of Sirt2 alleviates traumatic brain injury in mice. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:350-356. [PMID: 35900429 PMCID: PMC9396492 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) inhibition or Sirt2 knockout in animal models protects against the development of neurodegenerative diseases and cerebral ischemia. However, the role of SIRT2 in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unclear. In this study, we found that knockout of Sirt2 in a mouse model of TBI reduced brain edema, attenuated disruption of the blood-brain barrier, decreased expression of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, reduced the activity of the effector caspase-1, reduced neuroinflammation and neuronal pyroptosis, and improved neurological function. Knockout of Sirt2 in a mechanical stretch injury cell model in vitro also decreased expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. Our findings suggest that knockout of Sirt2 is neuroprotective against TBI; therefore, Sirt2 could be a novel target for TBI treatment.
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7
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SRT1720 as an SIRT1 activator for alleviating paraquat-induced models of Parkinson's disease. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pandey SK, Singh RK. Recent developments in nucleic acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease: Current status, clinical potential, and future strategies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986668. [PMID: 36339626 PMCID: PMC9632735 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease diagnosed mainly based on clinical symptoms caused by loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Although currently available pharmacological therapies provide symptomatic relief, however, the disease continues to progress eventually leading to severe motor and cognitive decline and reduced quality of life. The hallmark pathology of Parkinson’s disease includes intraneuronal inclusions known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, including fibrillar α-synuclein aggregates. These aggregates can progressively spread across synaptically connected brain regions leading to emergence of disease symptoms with time. The α-synuclein level is considered important in its fibrillization and aggregation. Nucleic acid therapeutics have recently been shown to be effective in treating various neurological diseases, raising the possibility of developing innovative molecular therapies for Parkinson’s disease. In this review, we have described the advancements in genetic dysregulations in Parkinson’s disease along with the disease-modifying strategies involved in genetic regulation with particular focus on downregulation of α-synuclein gene using various novel technologies, notably antisense oligonucleotides, microRNA, short interfering RNA, short hairpin RNAs, DNA aptamers, and gene therapy of vector-assisted delivery system-based therapeutics. In addition, the current status of preclinical and clinical development for nucleic acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease have also been discussed along with their limitations and opportunities.
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9
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Quantitative proteomic analysis of the lysine acetylome reveals diverse SIRT2 substrates. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3822. [PMID: 35264593 PMCID: PMC8907344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, which regulates multiple biological processes, including genome maintenance, aging, tumor suppression, and metabolism. While a number of substrates involved in these processes have been identified, the global landscape of the SIRT2 acetylome remains unclear. Using a label-free quantitative proteomic approach following enrichment for acetylated peptides from SIRT2-depleted and SIRT2-overexpressing HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells, we identified a total of 2,846 unique acetylation sites from 1414 proteins. 896 sites from 610 proteins showed a > 1.5-fold increase in acetylation with SIRT2 knockdown, and 509 sites from 361 proteins showed a > 1.5-fold decrease in acetylation with SIRT2 overexpression, with 184 proteins meeting both criteria. Sequence motif analyses identified several site-specific consensus sequence motifs preferentially recognized by SIRT2, most commonly KxxxxK(ac). Gene Ontology, KEGG, and MetaCore pathway analyses identified SIRT2 substrates involved in diverse pathways, including carbon metabolism, glycolysis, spliceosome, RNA transport, RNA binding, transcription, DNA damage response, the cell cycle, and colorectal cancer. Collectively, our findings expand on the number of known acetylation sites, substrates, and cellular pathways targeted by SIRT2, providing support for SIRT2 in regulating networks of proteins in diverse pathways and opening new avenues of investigation into SIRT2 function.
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10
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Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Multifaced role of protein deacetylase sirtuins in neurodegenerative disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:976-997. [PMID: 34742724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins, a class III histone/protein deacetylase, is a central regulator of metabolic function and cellular stress response. This plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndromes, and cardiovascular disease. Sirtuins regulate biological and cellular processes, for instance, mitochondrial biogenesis, lipid and fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress, gene transcriptional activity, apoptosis, inflammatory response, DNA repair mechanism, and autophagic cell degradation, which are known components for the progression of the neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Emerging evidence suggests that sirtuins are the useful molecular targets against NDDs like, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). However, the exact mechanism of neuroprotection mediated through sirtuins remains unsettled. The manipulation of sirtuins activity with its modulators, calorie restriction (CR), and micro RNAs (miR) is a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of NDDs. Herein, we reviewed the current putative therapeutic role of sirtuins in regulating synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions, which are mediated through the different molecular phenomenon to prevent neurodegeneration. We also explained the implications of sirtuin modulators, and miR based therapies for the treatment of life-threatening NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India.
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Keskin-Aktan A, Akbulut KG, Abdi S, Akbulut H. SIRT2 and FOXO3a expressions in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of young and aged male rats: antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of melatonin. Biol Futur 2021; 73:71-85. [PMID: 34708398 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-aging effects in the brain. Sirtuin2 (SIRT2) accumulates in the central nervous system with aging, and its inhibition appears to be protective in aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Forkhead Box-class O3a (FOXO3a) transcription factor is one of the main targets of SIRT2, and SIRT2-mediated FOXO3a deacetylation is closely related to aging, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin on SIRT2 and FOXO3a expressions in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of aged rats. Young (3 months, n = 18) and aged (22 months, n = 18) male Wistar rats were divided into control (4% DMSO-PBS, sc, for 21 days), melatonin (10 mg/kg, sc, for 21 days) and salermide (1 mM; 25 μl/100 g bw, ip, for 21 days) groups. SIRT2, FOXO3a, Bcl-2, Bax and Bim expressions in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were demonstrated by Western blotting. SIRT2 and FOXO3a protein levels were also measured by a sandwich ELISA method. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated by measuring total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS). Aging increased SIRT2, FOXO3a, Bim (only in the cerebral cortex), Bax (only in the hippocampus), TOS, and OSI, while decreasing Bcl-2, Bcl-2/Bax and TAS in both brain regions. Melatonin decreased SIRT2, FOXO3a, oxidative stress parameters and pro-apoptotic proteins, while increasing TAS, Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax, more specifically in the hippocampus of the aged brain. Our results indicate that inhibition of SIRT2 and FOXO3a expressions appears to be involved in the protective effects of melatonin in the hippocampus of aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Keskin-Aktan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, 03200, Turkey.
| | | | - Samira Abdi
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Akbulut
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Hong JY, Lin H. Sirtuin Modulators in Cellular and Animal Models of Human Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:735044. [PMID: 34650436 PMCID: PMC8505532 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.735044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins use NAD+ to remove various acyl groups from protein lysine residues. Through working on different substrate proteins, they display many biological functions, including regulation of cell proliferation, genome stability, metabolism, and cell migration. There are seven sirtuins in humans, SIRT1-7, each with unique enzymatic activities, regulatory mechanisms, subcellular localizations, and substrate scopes. They have been indicated in many human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, microbial infection, metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Consequently, interests in development of sirtuin modulators have increased in the past decade. In this brief review, we specifically summarize genetic and pharmacological modulations of sirtuins in cancer, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases. We further anticipate this review will be helpful for scrutinizing the significance of sirtuins in the studied diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Chen X, Lu W, Wu D. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2): Confusing Roles in the Pathophysiology of Neurological Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:614107. [PMID: 34108853 PMCID: PMC8180884 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.614107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a type of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is predominantly found in the cytoplasm of cells in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting its potential role in neurological disorders. Though SIRT2 is generally acknowledged to accelerate the development of neurological pathologies, it protects the brain from deterioration in certain circumstances. This review summarized the complex roles SIRT2 plays in the pathophysiology of diverse neurological disorders, compared and analyzed the discrete roles of SIRT2 in different conditions, and provided possible explanations for its paradoxical functions. In the future, the rapid growth in SIRT2 research may clarify its impacts on neurological disorders and develop therapeutic strategies targeting this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenmei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Khan H, Tiwari P, Kaur A, Singh TG. Sirtuin Acetylation and Deacetylation: a Complex Paradigm in Neurodegenerative Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3903-3917. [PMID: 33877561 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02387-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are the class III of histone deacetylases that depend on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for their activity. Sirtuins can influence the progression of neurodegenerative disorders by switching between deacetylation and acetylation processes. Histone acetylation occurs when acetyl groups are added to lysine residues on the N-terminal part of histone proteins. Deacetylation, on the other hand, results in the removal of acetyl groups. Pharmacological modulation of sirtuin activity has been shown to influence various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, stroke, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, mechanistic perspective of sirtuins has been discussed in anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neuroprotective effects in various disorders. We have discussed the structure, neurobiology, and physiology of sirtuins in neurodegenerative disease. Recent preclinical and clinical studies and their outcome have also been elucidated. The aim of this review is to fill in the gaps in our understanding of sirtuins' role in histone acetylation and deacetylation in all neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we emphasized on reviewing all the studies carried out in various labs depicting the role of sirtuin modulators in neuroprotection and highlighted the ideas that can be considered for future perspectives. Taken together, sirtuins may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Palak Tiwari
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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Badawi HM, Abdelsalam RM, Abdel-Salam OM, Youness ER, Shaffie NM, Eldenshary EEDS. Bee venom attenuates neurodegeneration and motor impairment and modulates the response to L-dopa or rasagiline in a mice model of Parkinson's disease. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 23:1628-1638. [PMID: 33489038 PMCID: PMC7811814 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.46469.10731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of bee venom, a form of alternative therapy, on rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) in mice. Moreover, the possible modulation by bee venom of the effect of L-dopa/carbidopa or rasagiline was examined. Materials and Methods Rotenone (1.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously; SC) was administered every other day for two weeks and at the same time mice received the vehicle (DMSO, SC), bee venom (0.065, 0.13, and 0.26 mg/kg; intradermal; ID), L-dopa/carbidopa (25 mg/kg, intraperitoneal; IP), L-dopa/carbidopa+bee venom (0.13 mg/kg, ID), rasagiline (1 mg/kg, IP) or rasagiline+bee venom (0.13 mg/kg, ID). Then, wire hanging and staircase tests were performed and mice were euthanized and brains' striata separated. Oxidative stress biomarkers namely, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. Additionally, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and dopamine (DA) were evaluated. Brain histopathological changes and caspase-3- expression were done. Results Bee venom significantly enhanced motor performance and inhibited rotenone-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress, observed as a reduction in both MDA and NO along with increasing GSH, PON-1, and TAC. Besides, bee venom decreased MCP-1, TNF-α, and caspase-3 expression together with an increase in BuChE activity and DA content. Conclusion Bee venom alone or in combination with L-dopa/carbidopa or rasagiline alleviated neuronal degeneration compared with L-dopa/carbidopa or rasagiline treatment only. Bee venom via its antioxidant and cytokine reducing potentials might be of value either alone or as adjunctive therapy in the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Mm Badawi
- Holding Company for Biological Products, Vaccines and Drugs (VACSERA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar Me Abdel-Salam
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman R Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ezz-El Din S Eldenshary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yeong KY, Berdigaliyev N, Chang Y. Sirtuins and Their Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases from a Drug Discovery Perspective. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4073-4091. [PMID: 33280374 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes that target both histone and non-histone substrates. They are linked to different brain functions and the regulation of different isoforms of these enzymes is touted to be an emerging therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The level of sirtuins affects brain health as many sirtuin-regulated pathways are responsible for the progression of NDs. Certain sirtuins are also implicated in aging, which is a risk factor for many NDs. In addition to SIRT1-3, it has been suggested that the less studied sirtuins (SIRT4-7) also play critical roles in brain health. This review delineates the role of each sirtuin isoform in NDs from a disease centric perspective and provides an up-to-date overview of sirtuin modulators and their potential use as therapeutics in these diseases. Furthermore, the future perspectives for sirtuin modulator development and their therapeutic application in neurodegeneration are outlined in detail, hence providing a research direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurken Berdigaliyev
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuin Chang
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC), Jalan Genting Kelang, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Imbalance of Lysine Acetylation Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197182. [PMID: 33003340 PMCID: PMC7582258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The neuropathological features of PD are selective and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, deficiencies in striatal dopamine levels, and the presence of intracellular Lewy bodies. Interactions among aging and genetic and environmental factors are considered to underlie the common etiology of PD, which involves multiple changes in cellular processes. Recent studies suggest that changes in lysine acetylation and deacetylation of many proteins, including histones and nonhistone proteins, might be tightly associated with PD pathogenesis. Here, we summarize the changes in lysine acetylation of both histones and nonhistone proteins, as well as the related lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs), in PD patients and various PD models. We discuss the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of these changes in PD and highlight that restoring the balance of lysine acetylation/deacetylation of histones and nonhistone proteins is critical for PD treatment. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different KAT/KDAC inhibitors or activators in the treatment of PD models and emphasize that SIRT1 and SIRT3 activators and SIRT2 inhibitors are the most promising effective therapeutics for PD.
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Singh AP, Nigam L, Yadav Y, Shekhar S, Subbarao N, Dey S. Design and in vitro analysis of SIRT2 inhibitor targeting Parkinson's disease. Mol Divers 2020; 25:2261-2270. [PMID: 32591930 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of Sirtuin2 (SIRT2) protein rescues the α-synuclein toxicity in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thioacetyl group can structurally mimic the acetyl group and restrain the deacetylating p53 reaction by SIRT2. This work evaluated the biological activity of designed pentapeptides inhibitor containing N-thioacetyl-lysine against SIRT2. Pentapeptide by introducing thioacetyl-lysine as an inhibitor of SIRT2 was screened by molecular docking and synthesized by solid phase method. The inhibition of pure recombinant SIRT2 as well as SIRT2 in serum of PD patients by peptide was done by fluorescent activity assay. The inhibition of SIRT2 was assessed in PC12 cell line by measuring acetylated α-tubulin level. The peptide YKK(ε-thioAc)AM and HRK(ε-thioAc)AM were found to be SIRT2 inhibitors by molecular docking. However, YKK(ε-thioAc)AM was more specific towards SIRT2 than SIRT1 (Sirtuin1). It inhibited recombinant SIRT2 by IC50 value of 0.15 µM and KD values 9.92 × 10-8/M. It also inhibited serum SIRT2 of PD. It increased the acetylation of α-tubulin in PC12 neuroblastoma cells which is essential for maintaining the microtubular cell functions of brain. It can be concluded that novel peptide YKK(ε-thioAc)AM may be a platform for therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease targeting SIRT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Lokesh Nigam
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Yudhishthir Yadav
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Naidu Subbarao
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Sanphui P, Kumar Das A, Biswas SC. Forkhead Box O3a requires BAF57, a subunit of chromatin remodeler SWI/SNF complex for induction of p53 up‐regulated modulator of apoptosis (Puma) in a model of Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 2020; 154:547-561. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Sanphui
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
| | - Anoy Kumar Das
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
| | - Subhas C. Biswas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
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20
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu K, Chi S, Wang C, Xie A. Emerging Role of Sirtuin 2 in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:372. [PMID: 31998119 PMCID: PMC6965030 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the main risk factor of which is age, is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, thus presenting a substantial burden on the health of affected individuals as well as an economic burden. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a subtype in the family of sirtuins, belongs to class III histone deacetylases (HDACs). It is known that SIRT2 levels increase with aging, and a growing body of evidence has been accumulating, showing that the activity of SIRT2 mediates various processes involved in PD pathogenesis, including aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn), microtubule function, oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy. There have been conflicting reports about the role of SIRT2 in PD, in that some studies indicate its potential to induce the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and that inhibition of SIRT2 may, therefore, have protective effects in PD. Other studies suggest a protective role of SIRT2 in the context of neuronal damage. As current treatments for PD are directed at alleviating symptoms and are very limited, a comprehensive understanding of the enzymology of SIRT2 in PD may be essential for developing novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease. This review article will provide an update on our knowledge of the structure, distribution, and biological characteristics of SIRT2, and highlight its role in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Konghua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth People Hospital of Qingdao City, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Chi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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21
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Wang Y, Yang J, Hong T, Chen X, Cui L. SIRT2: Controversy and multiple roles in disease and physiology. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 55:100961. [PMID: 31505260 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that was under studied compared to other sirtuin family members. SIRT2 is the only sirtuin protein which is predominantly found in the cytoplasm but is also found in the mitochondria and in the nucleus. Recently, accumulating evidence has uncovered a growing number of substrates and additional detailed functions of SIRT2 in a wide range of biological processes, marking its crucial role. Here, we give a comprehensive profile of the crucial physiological functions of SIRT2 and its role in neurological diseases, cancers, and other diseases. This review summarizes the functions of SIRT2 in the nervous system, mitosis regulation, genome integrity, cell differentiation, cell homeostasis, aging, infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy. SIRT2 inhibition rescues neurodegenerative disease symptoms and hence SIRT2 is a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disease. SIRT2 is undoubtedly dysfunctional in cancers and plays a dual-faced role in different types of cancers, and although its mechanism is unresolved, SIRT2 remains a promising therapeutic target for certain cancers. In future, the continued rapid growth in SIRT2 research will help clarify its role in human health and disease, and promote the progress of this target in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingqi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tingting Hong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiongjin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
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22
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Rs2015 Polymorphism in miRNA Target Site of Sirtuin2 Gene Is Associated with the Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Chinese Han Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1498034. [PMID: 31214610 PMCID: PMC6535834 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1498034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals that the sirtuin family is involved in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the association between the polymorphisms of the sirtuin gene and the risk of PD remains elusive. Here, we investigated the possible association of nine SIRT1 and SIRT2 SNPs with the risk of PD through a clinical case-control study from the Chinese Han population. Our results showed that rs12778366 in the promoter region of SIRT1 and rs2015 in the 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of the SIRT2 were significantly associated with the risk of PD. Five SNPs related to SIRT1, rs3740051, rs7895833, rs7069102, rs2273773, and rs4746720 and two SNPs related to SIRT2, rs10410544, and rs45592833 did not show an association with PD risk in this study. Moreover, we found that mRNA level of SIRT2 was upregulated, and mRNA level of SIRT1 was downregulated in the peripheral blood of PD patients compared with healthy controls, and we also observed that SNPs rs12778366 and rs2015 influenced the SIRT1 and SIRT2 expression levels, respectively. Further functional assays suggest that rs2015 may affect the expression of SIRT2 by affecting the binding of miR-8061 to the 3′UTR of SIRT2, ultimately contributing to the risk of PD.
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23
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Hu K, Huang Q, Liu C, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Li M, Ma S. c-Jun/Bim Upregulation in Dopaminergic Neurons Promotes Neurodegeneration in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2018; 399:117-124. [PMID: 30590105 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bim has been reported to be involved in dopaminergic neurodegeneration of experimental PD. However, an in situ expression profile of Bim in PD has not been performed, and the cell types of which Bim accounts for PD pathogenesis is unclear. Here, we report with in situ observations that Bim is transcriptionally induced in the dopaminergic neurons of the SNpc in 1-methyl-4-pheny-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice. To investigate the precise role of Bim in the dopaminergic neurons in parkinsonian neuronal death, we obtained dopaminergic neuron-specific Bim null (Bim△Dat) mice. Bim△Dat mice are shown to be resistant to MPTP-induced neurotoxicity, confirming that the induction of Bim in dopaminergic neurons is responsible for parkinsonian neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we demonstrated with dopaminergic neuron-specific c-Jun knockout (c-Jun△Dat) that the transcriptional upregulation of Bim of nigral dopaminergic neurons was c-Jun-dependent and further validated the detrimental role of c-Jun in dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Together, these data specify that c-Jun-mediated Bim upregulation in nigral dopaminergic neurons contributes to parkinsonian neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhua Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiaoying Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongyi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yueyue Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mingtao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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24
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Sun S, Han X, Li X, Song Q, Lu M, Jia M, Ding J, Hu G. MicroRNA-212-5p Prevents Dopaminergic Neuron Death by Inhibiting SIRT2 in MPTP-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:381. [PMID: 30364275 PMCID: PMC6193094 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, emerging evidences show that sirtuins (SIRTs) modulate aging progress and affect neurodegenerative diseases. For example, inhibition of SIRT2 has been recognized to exert neuroprotective effects in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, current SIRT2 inhibitors are lack of selective property distinguished from its homolog. In this study, we found that SIRT2 protein level was highly increased in PD model, which was negatively regulated by miR-212-5p. In detail, miR-212-5p transfection reduced SIRT2 expression and inhibited SIRT2 activity. In vivo study, miR-212-5p treatment prevented dopaminergic neuron loss and DAT reduction by targeting SIRT2, which means miR-212-5p shows neuroprotective effect in PD. Mechanismly, we found nuclear acetylated p53 was up-regulation according to p53 is a major deacetylation substrate of SIRT2. Furthermore, decreased cytoplasmic p53 promoted autophagy in PD model, which was showed as autophagosomes, autophagic flux, LC3 B and p62 expression. Meanwhile, we also found miR-212-5p treatment somehow alleviated apoptosis in PD model, which might have some underlying mechanisms. In conclusions, our study provides a direct link between miR-212-5p and SIRT2-mediated p53-dependent programmed cell death in the pathogenesis of PD. These findings will give us an insight into the development of highly specifically SIRT2 inhibitor of opening up novel therapeutic avenues for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiqi Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Sirtuins as Modifiers of Huntington's Disease (HD) Pathology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 154:105-145. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Decreased Sirtuin Deacetylase Activity in LRRK2 G2019S iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1839-1852. [PMID: 29129681 PMCID: PMC5785678 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial changes have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The glycine to serine mutation (G2019S) in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is the most common genetic cause for PD and has been shown to impair mitochondrial function and morphology in multiple model systems. We analyzed mitochondrial function in LRRK2 G2019S induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons to determine whether the G2019S mutation elicits similar mitochondrial deficits among central and peripheral nervous system neuron subtypes. LRRK2 G2019S iPSC-derived dopaminergic neuron cultures displayed unique abnormalities in mitochondrial distribution and trafficking, which corresponded to reduced sirtuin deacetylase activity and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels despite increased sirtuin levels. These data indicate that mitochondrial deficits in the context of LRRK2 G2019S are not a global phenomenon and point to distinct sirtuin and bioenergetic deficiencies intrinsic to dopaminergic neurons, which may underlie dopaminergic neuron loss in PD. LRRK2 G2019S iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons have unique mitochondrial defects LRRK2 G2019S dopaminergic neurons have increased sirtuin levels but reduced activity LRRK2 G2019S dopaminergic neurons have reduced NAD+ levels compared with other neurons
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27
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Szegő ÉM, Gerhardt E, Outeiro TF. Sirtuin 2 enhances dopaminergic differentiation via the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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28
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Cheng Q, Wu L, Tu R, Wu J, Kang W, Su T, Du R, Liu W. Mycoplasma fermentans deacetylase promotes mammalian cell stress tolerance. Microbiol Res 2017; 201:1-11. [PMID: 28602396 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma fermentans is a pathogenic bacterium that infects humans and has potential pathogenic roles in respiratory, genital and rheumatoid diseases. NAD+-dependent deacetylase is involved in a wide range of pathophysiological processes and our studies have demonstrated that expression of mycoplasmal deacetylase in mammalian cells inhibits proliferation but promotes anti-starvation stress tolerance. Furthermore, mycoplasmal deacetylase is involved in cellular anti-oxidation, which correlates with changes in the proapoptotic proteins BIK, p21 and BIM. Mycoplasmal deacetylase binds to and deacetylates the FOXO3 protein, similar with mammalian SIRT2, and affects expression of the FOXO3 target gene BIM, resulting in inhibition of cell proliferation. Mycoplasmal deacetylase also alters the performance of cells under drug stress. This study expands our understanding of the potential molecular and cellular mechanisms of interaction between mycoplasmas and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhou Cheng
- College of Health Sciences and Nursing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- College of Health Sciences and Nursing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rongfu Tu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Health Sciences and Nursing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenqian Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tong Su
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Runlei Du
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Wenbin Liu
- College of Health Sciences and Nursing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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29
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Sirtuin-2 inhibition affects hippocampal functions and sodium butyrate ameliorates the reduction in novel object memory, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation. Lab Anim Res 2016; 32:224-230. [PMID: 28053616 PMCID: PMC5206229 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2016.32.4.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the sirtuin-2 (SIRT2) inhibitor AK-7 on novel object memory, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus. In addition, we also observed the relationships with sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on the hippocampal functions. To investigate the effects of AK-7 on hippocampal functions, 10-week-old C57BL/6 mice were daily injected intraperitoneally with 20 mg/kg AK-7 alone or in combination with subcutaneous administration of 300 mg/kg sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, for 21 days. A novel object recognition test was conducted on days 20 (training) and 21 (testing) of treatment. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed for immunohistochemistry for Ki67 (cell proliferation) and doublecortin (DCX, neuroblast differentiation). AK-7 administration significantly reduced the time spent exploring new objects, while treatment in combination with sodium butyrate significantly alleviated this reduction. Additionally, AK-7 administration significantly reduced the number of Ki67-positive cells and DCX-immunoreactive neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus, while the treatment in combination with sodium butyrate ameliorated these changes. This result suggests that the reduction of SIRT2 may be closely related to age-related phenotypes including novel object memory, as well as cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus. In addition, sodium butyrate reverses SIRT2-related age phenotypes.
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Xie XQ, Zhang P, Tian B, Chen XQ. Downregulation of NAD-Dependent Deacetylase SIRT2 Protects Mouse Brain Against Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7251-7261. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Tang BL. Sirtuins as modifiers of Parkinson's disease pathology. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:930-942. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore; Singapore
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Cao W, Hong Y, Chen H, Wu F, Wei X, Ying W. SIRT2 mediates NADH-induced increases in Nrf2, GCL, and glutathione by modulating Akt phosphorylation in PC12 cells. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2241-55. [PMID: 27264719 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
SIRT2 plays important roles in multiple biological processes. It is unclear whether SIRT2 affects antioxidant capacity by modulating Nrf2, a key transcription factor for multiple antioxidant genes. By studying NADH-treated differentiated PC12 cells, we found that NADH induced a significant increase in the nuclear Nrf2, which was prevented by both SIRT2 siRNA and SIRT2 inhibitor, AGK2. SIRT2 siRNA also blocked the NADH-induced increases in glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione. Moreover, SIRT2 siRNA and AGK2 blocked NADH-induced Akt phosphorylation, and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation prevented NADH-induced increases in the nuclear Nrf2 and glutathione. Collectively, our study shows that SIRT2 regulates nuclear Nrf2 levels by modulating Akt phosphorylation, thus modulating the levels of GCL and total glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yunyi Hong
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Heyu Chen
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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Aging-related 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurochemial and behavioral deficits and redox dysfunction: improvement by AK-7. Exp Gerontol 2016; 82:19-29. [PMID: 27235848 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a prominent risk factor for the occurrence and progression of Parkinson disease (PD). Aging animals are more significant for PD research than young ones. It is promising to develop effective treatments for PD through modulation of aging-related molecules. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a strong deacetylase highly expressed in the brain, has been implicated in the aging process. In our present study, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 12mg/kg once daily) was observed to bring about significant behavioral deficits and striatal dopamine depletion in aging male and female mice, while it did not do so in young animals. MPTP did not cause significant reduction in striatal 5-hydroxytryptamine content in aging male and female mice. Furthermore, we observed that MPTP treatment resulted in significant reduction in GSH content and significant increase in MDA content and SIRT2 expression in the substantia nigra (SN) of aging mice, while it did not do so in young animals. Importantly, we observed that AK-7 (a selective SIRT2 inhibitor) significantly improved behavior abnormality and neurochemical deficits in aging male and female mice treated with MPTP. Significant increase in GSH content and significant decrease in MDA content were also observed in the SN of aging male and female mice co-treated with MPTP and AK-7 compared with the MPTP-treated animals. Our results indicated that MPTP induce aging-related neurochemical and behavioural deficits and dysfunction of redox network in male and female mice and AK-7 may be neuroprotective in PD through modulating redox network.
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Ai T, Wilson DJ, More SS, Xie J, Chen L. 5-((3-Amidobenzyl)oxy)nicotinamides as Sirtuin 2 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2928-41. [PMID: 26982234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Derived from our previously reported human sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) inhibitors that were based on a 5-aminonaphthalen-1-yloxy nicotinamide core structure, 5-((3-amidobenzyl)oxy)nicotinamides offered excellent activity against SIRT2 and high isozyme selectivity over SIRT1 and SIRT3. Selected compounds also exhibited generally favorable in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties. Kinetic studies revealed that a representative SIRT2 inhibitor acted competitively against both NAD(+) and the peptide substrate, an inhibitory modality that was supported by our computational study. More importantly, two selected compounds exhibited significant protection against α-synuclein aggregation-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, 5-((3-amidobenzyl)oxy)nicotinamides represent a new class of SIRT2 inhibitors that are attractive candidates for further lead optimization in our continued effort to explore selective inhibition of SIRT2 as a potential therapy for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ai
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota , 516 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Daniel J Wilson
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota , 516 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Swati S More
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota , 516 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota , 516 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota , 516 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Li S, Lv X, Zhai K, Xu R, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Qin X, Yin L, Lou J. MicroRNA-7 inhibits neuronal apoptosis in a cellular Parkinson's disease model by targeting Bax and Sirt2. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:993-1004. [PMID: 27158385 PMCID: PMC4846942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) displays neuroprotective properties against PD. However, the biological roles of miR-7 and its underlying molecular mechanisms in PD remain unclear. We demonstrated herein that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) confers toxic effects on dopaminergic neuron in a dose-dependent manner in a cellular PD model, although this phenomenon is attenuated by miR-7 treatment. Introduction of miR-7 inhibits MPP(+)-induced neuronal apoptosis as reflected by the reduced terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive rate, mitochondrial permeability potential, caspase 3 activity, and nucleosomal enrichment factor. Bax and sirtuin 2 (Sirt2) are the direct targets of miR-7. Moreover, the effects of miR-7 were counteracted by Bax and Sirt2 overexpression, respectively. The altered molecular expressions downstream of Bax and Sirt2 are also involved in miR-7 regulation of the MPP(+)-triggered neuronal apoptosis. These findings have implications on the potential application of miR-7 in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shize Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450014, China
| | - Xuecheng Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu476100, Henan, China
| | - Kaihua Zhai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450014, China
| | - Ruyan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Songyao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Xiaoming Qin
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Liujie Yin
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Jiyu Lou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450014, China
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Caito SW, Aschner M. NAD+ Supplementation Attenuates Methylmercury Dopaminergic and Mitochondrial Toxicity in Caenorhabditis Elegans. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:139-49. [PMID: 26865665 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxic contaminant of our fish supply that has been linked to dopaminergic (DAergic) dysfunction that characterizes Parkinson's disease. We have previously shown that MeHg causes both morphological and behavioral changes in the Caenorhabditis elegans DAergic neurons that are associated with oxidative stress. We were therefore interested in whether the redox sensitive cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) may be affected by MeHg and whether supplementation of NAD( + )may prevent MeHg-induced toxicities. Worms treated with MeHg showed depletion in cellular NAD( + )levels, which was prevented by NAD( + )supplementation prior to MeHg treatment. NAD( + )supplementation also prevented DAergic neurodegeneration and deficits in DAergic-dependent behavior upon MeHg exposure. In a mutant worm line that cannot synthesize NAD( + )from nicotinamide, MeHg lethality and DAergic behavioral deficits were more sensitive to MeHg than wildtype worms, demonstrating the importance of NAD( + )in MeHg toxicity. In wildtype worms, NAD( + )supplementation provided protection from MeHg-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. These data show the importance of NAD( + )levels in the response to MeHg exposure. NAD( + )supplementation may be beneficial for MeHg-induced toxicities and preventing cellular damage involved in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Caito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Chen H, Wu D, Ding X, Ying W. SIRT2 is required for lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of BV2 microglia. Neuroreport 2015; 26:88-93. [PMID: 25536118 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that inhibition of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a sirtuin family protein, can decrease cellular and tissue injuries in models of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD); however, the mechanisms underlying these observations have remained unclear. Because inflammation plays key pathological roles in multiple major neurological disorders including PD and HD, in our current study we tested our hypothesis that SIRT2 plays an important role in microglial activation. We found that treatment of BV2 microglia with lipopolysaccharides led to significant increases in NO and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels, as well as increases in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6 mRNA, which indicated microglial activation. These increases were significantly decreased in the cells with SIRT2 silencing-produced decreases in the SIRT2 level. These observations suggest that SIRT2 is required for lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation. The findings also suggest that SIRT2 may be a therapeutic target for inhibiting the inflammatory responses in neurological disorders such as PD and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Chen
- aMed-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering bDepartment of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital cDepartment of Neurology, Third People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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38
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Fu W, Zhuang W, Zhou S, Wang X. Plant-derived neuroprotective agents in Parkinson's disease. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:1189-1202. [PMID: 26328004 PMCID: PMC4548312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative disorders of the central nervous system among the elderly. The disease is caused by the slow deterioration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Treatment strategies to protect dopaminergic neurons from progressive damage have received much attention. However there is no effective treatment for PD. Traditional Chinese medicines have shown potential clinical efficacy in attenuating the progression of PD. Increasing evidence indicates that constituents of some Chinese herbs include resveratrol, curcumin, and ginsenoside can be neuroprotective. Since pathologic processes in PD including inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genetic factors lead to neuronal degeneration, and these Chinese herbs can protect dopaminergic neurons from neuronal degeneration, in this article, we review the neuroprotective roles of these herbs and summarize their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects in PD. In addition, we discuss their possible mechanisms of action in in vivo and in vitro models of PD. Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, with their low toxicity and side-effects, have become the potential therapeutic interventions for prevention and treatment of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Fu
- Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang, Shandong, P R China
| | - Wenxin Zhuang
- Medical Research Center, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang, Shandong, P R China
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts 02115, USA
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