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Nietz AK, Popa LS, Carter RE, Gerhart ML, Manikonda K, Ranum LP, Ebner TJ. Cerebral cortical functional hyperconnectivity in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA8). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.20.599947. [PMID: 38948725 PMCID: PMC11212952 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.599947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 8 (SCA8) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a bidirectionally expressed CTG●CAG expansion mutation in the ATXN-8 and ATXN8-OS genes. While primarily a motor disorder, psychiatric and cognitive symptoms have been reported. It is difficult to elucidate how the disease alters brain function in areas with little or no degeneration producing both motor and cognitive symptoms. Using transparent polymer skulls and CNS-wide GCaMP6f expression, we studied neocortical networks throughout SCA8 progression using wide-field Ca2+ imaging in a transgenic mouse model of SCA8. We observed that neocortical networks in SCA8+ mice were hyperconnected globally which led to network configurations with increased global efficiency and centrality. At the regional level, significant network changes occurred in nearly all cortical regions, however mainly involved sensory and association cortices. Changes in functional connectivity in anterior motor regions worsened later in the disease. Near perfect decoding of animal genotype was obtained using a generalized linear model based on canonical correlation strengths between activity in cortical regions. The major contributors to decoding were concentrated in the somatosensory, higher visual and retrosplenial cortices and occasionally extended into the motor regions, demonstrating that the areas with the largest network changes are predictive of disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K. Nietz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Laurentiu S. Popa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Russell E. Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Morgan L Gerhart
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Keerthi Manikonda
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Laura P.W. Ranum
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Timothy J. Ebner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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Barbour AJ, Gourmaud S, Lancaster E, Li X, Stewart DA, Hoag KF, Irwin DJ, Talos DM, Jensen FE. Seizures exacerbate excitatory: inhibitory imbalance in Alzheimer's disease and 5XFAD mice. Brain 2024; 147:2169-2184. [PMID: 38662500 PMCID: PMC11146435 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 22% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients suffer from seizures, and the co-occurrence of seizures and epileptiform activity exacerbates AD pathology and related cognitive deficits, suggesting that seizures may be a targetable component of AD progression. Given that alterations in neuronal excitatory:inhibitory (E:I) balance occur in epilepsy, we hypothesized that decreased markers of inhibition relative to those of excitation would be present in AD patients. We similarly hypothesized that in 5XFAD mice, the E:I imbalance would progress from an early stage (prodromal) to later symptomatic stages and be further exacerbated by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling. Post-mortem AD temporal cortical tissues from patients with or without seizure history were examined for changes in several markers of E:I balance, including levels of the inhibitory GABAA receptor, the sodium potassium chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) and the excitatory NMDA and AMPA type glutamate receptors. We performed patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings from CA1 neurons in hippocampal slices and examined the same markers of E:I balance in prodromal 5XFAD mice. We next examined 5XFAD mice at chronic stages, after PTZ or control protocols, and in response to chronic mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, administered following kindled seizures, for markers of E:I balance. We found that AD patients with comorbid seizures had worsened cognitive and functional scores and decreased GABAA receptor subunit expression, as well as increased NKCC1/KCC2 ratios, indicative of depolarizing GABA responses. Patch clamp recordings of prodromal 5XFAD CA1 neurons showed increased intrinsic excitability, along with decreased GABAergic inhibitory transmission and altered glutamatergic neurotransmission, indicating that E:I imbalance may occur in early disease stages. Furthermore, seizure induction in prodromal 5XFAD mice led to later dysregulation of NKCC1/KCC2 and a reduction in GluA2 AMPA glutamate receptor subunit expression, indicative of depolarizing GABA receptors and calcium permeable AMPA receptors. Finally, we found that chronic treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, at doses we have previously shown to attenuate seizure-induced amyloid-β pathology and cognitive deficits, could also reverse elevations of the NKCC1/KCC2 ratio in these mice. Our data demonstrate novel mechanisms of interaction between AD and epilepsy and indicate that targeting E:I balance, potentially with US Food and Drug Administration-approved mTOR inhibitors, hold therapeutic promise for AD patients with a seizure history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Barbour
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Gourmaud
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eunjoo Lancaster
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A Stewart
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Keegan F Hoag
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Delia M Talos
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frances E Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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3
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Zhou X, Liu Y, Wu Z, Zhang X, Tao H. Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy: Research hotspots for comorbidity in the era of global aging. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 157:109849. [PMID: 38820684 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy share a significant clinical overlap, particularly in the elderly, with each disorder potentiating the risk of the other. This interplay is significant amidst an aging global demographic. The review explores the classical pathologies of AD, including amyloid-beta plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau, and their potential role in the genesis of epilepsy. It also delves into the imbalance of glutamate and gamma-amino butyric acid activities, a key mechanism in epilepsy that may be influenced by AD pathology. The impact of age of onset on comorbidity is examined, with early-onset AD and Down syndrome presenting higher risks of epilepsy. The review suggests that epilepsy might precede cognitive symptoms in AD, indicating a complex interaction. Sleep modulation is highlighted as a factor, with sleep disturbances potentially contributing to AD progression. The necessity for cautious medication management is emphasized due to the cognitive effects of certain antiepileptic drugs. Animal models are recognized for their importance in understanding the relationship between AD and epilepsy, though creating fully representative models presents a challenge. The review concludes by noting the efficacy of medications such as lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and memantine in managing both conditions and suggests the ketogenic diet and cannabidiol as emerging treatment options, warranting further investigation for comprehensive patient care strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Clinical Research and Experimental Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Zhengjuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Hua Tao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
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L'esperance OJ, McGhee J, Davidson G, Niraula S, Smith AS, Sosunov A, Yan SS, Subramanian J. Functional connectivity favors aberrant visual network c-Fos expression accompanied by cortical synapse loss in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.05.522900. [PMID: 36712054 PMCID: PMC9881957 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.05.522900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been extensively studied with a focus on cognitive networks, sensory network dysfunction has received comparatively less attention despite compelling evidence of its significance in both Alzheimer's disease patients and mouse models. We recently found that neurons in the primary visual cortex of an AD mouse model expressing human amyloid protein precursor with the Swedish and Indiana mutations (hAPP mutations) exhibit aberrant c-Fos expression and altered synaptic structures at a pre-amyloid plaque stage. However, it is unclear whether aberrant c-Fos expression and synaptic pathology vary across the broader visual network and to what extent c-Fos abnormality in the cortex is inherited through functional connectivity. Using both sexes of 4-6-month AD model mice with hAPP mutations (J20[PDGF-APPSw, Ind]), we found that cortical regions of the visual network show aberrant c-Fos expression and impaired experience-dependent modulation while subcortical regions do not. Interestingly, the average network-wide functional connectivity strength of a brain region in wild type (WT) mice significantly predicts its aberrant c-Fos expression, which in turn correlates with impaired experience-dependent modulation in the AD model. Using in vivo two-photon and ex vivo imaging of presynaptic termini, we observed a subtle yet selective weakening of excitatory cortical synapses in the visual cortex. Intriguingly, the change in the size distribution of cortical boutons in the AD model is downscaled relative to those in WT mice, suggesting that synaptic weakening may reflect an adaptation to aberrant activity. Our observations suggest that cellular and synaptic abnormalities in the AD model represent a maladaptive transformation of the baseline physiological state seen in WT conditions rather than entirely novel and unrelated manifestations.
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Sanchez-Rodriguez LM, Bezgin G, Carbonell F, Therriault J, Fernandez-Arias J, Servaes S, Rahmouni N, Tissot C, Stevenson J, Karikari TK, Ashton NJ, Benedet AL, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Triana-Baltzer G, Kolb HC, Rosa-Neto P, Iturria-Medina Y. Personalized whole-brain neural mass models reveal combined Aβ and tau hyperexcitable influences in Alzheimer's disease. Commun Biol 2024; 7:528. [PMID: 38704445 PMCID: PMC11069569 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal dysfunction and cognitive deterioration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are likely caused by multiple pathophysiological factors. However, mechanistic evidence in humans remains scarce, requiring improved non-invasive techniques and integrative models. We introduce personalized AD computational models built on whole-brain Wilson-Cowan oscillators and incorporating resting-state functional MRI, amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau-PET from 132 individuals in the AD spectrum to evaluate the direct impact of toxic protein deposition on neuronal activity. This subject-specific approach uncovers key patho-mechanistic interactions, including synergistic Aβ and tau effects on cognitive impairment and neuronal excitability increases with disease progression. The data-derived neuronal excitability values strongly predict clinically relevant AD plasma biomarker concentrations (p-tau217, p-tau231, p-tau181, GFAP) and grey matter atrophy obtained through voxel-based morphometry. Furthermore, reconstructed EEG proxy quantities show the hallmark AD electrophysiological alterations (theta band activity enhancement and alpha reductions) which occur with Aβ-positivity and after limbic tau involvement. Microglial activation influences on neuronal activity are less definitive, potentially due to neuroimaging limitations in mapping neuroprotective vs detrimental activation phenotypes. Mechanistic brain activity models can further clarify intricate neurodegenerative processes and accelerate preventive/treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaro M Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gleb Bezgin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Joseph Therriault
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jaime Fernandez-Arias
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stijn Servaes
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nesrine Rahmouni
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Tissot
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
| | - Jenna Stevenson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Andréa L Benedet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Hartmuth C Kolb
- Neuroscience Biomarkers, Janssen Research & Development, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yasser Iturria-Medina
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Nelson ED, Tippani M, Ramnauth AD, Divecha HR, Miller RA, Eagles NJ, Pattie EA, Kwon SH, Bach SV, Kaipa UM, Yao J, Kleinman JE, Collado-Torres L, Han S, Maynard KR, Hyde TM, Martinowich K, Page SC, Hicks SC. An integrated single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics atlas reveals the molecular landscape of the human hippocampus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.590643. [PMID: 38712198 PMCID: PMC11071618 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.590643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus contains many unique cell types, which serve the structure's specialized functions, including learning, memory and cognition. These cells have distinct spatial topography, morphology, physiology, and connectivity, highlighting the need for transcriptome-wide profiling strategies that retain cytoarchitectural organization. Here, we generated spatially-resolved transcriptomics (SRT) and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) data from adjacent tissue sections of the anterior human hippocampus across ten adult neurotypical donors. We defined molecular profiles for hippocampal cell types and spatial domains. Using non-negative matrix factorization and transfer learning, we integrated these data to define gene expression patterns within the snRNA-seq data and infer the expression of these patterns in the SRT data. With this approach, we leveraged existing rodent datasets that feature information on circuit connectivity and neural activity induction to make predictions about axonal projection targets and likelihood of ensemble recruitment in spatially-defined cellular populations of the human hippocampus. Finally, we integrated genome-wide association studies with transcriptomic data to identify enrichment of genetic components for neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders across cell types, spatial domains, and gene expression patterns of the human hippocampus. To make this comprehensive molecular atlas accessible to the scientific community, both raw and processed data are freely available, including through interactive web applications.
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Del Pozo A, Knox KM, Lehmann LM, Davidson S, Rho SL, Jayadev S, Barker-Haliski M. Chronic evoked seizures in young pre-symptomatic APP/PS1 mice induce serotonin changes and accelerate onset of Alzheimer's disease-related neuropathology. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 235:102591. [PMID: 38484965 PMCID: PMC11015961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperexcitability is intimately linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, but the precise timing and contributions of neuronal hyperexcitability to disease progression is unclear. Seizure induction in rodent AD models can uncover new therapeutic targets. Further, investigator-evoked seizures can directly establish how hyperexcitability and AD-associated risk factors influence neuropathological hallmarks and disease course at presymptomatic stages. METHODS Corneal kindling is a well-characterized preclinical epilepsy model that allows for precise control of seizure history to pair to subsequent behavioral assessments. 2-3-month-old APP/PS1, PSEN2-N141I, and transgenic control male and female mice were thus sham or corneal kindled for 2 weeks. Seizure-induced changes in glia, serotonin pathway proteins, and amyloid β levels in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were quantified. RESULTS APP/PS1 females were more susceptible to corneal kindling. However, regardless of sex, APP/PS1 mice experienced extensive seizure-induced mortality versus kindled Tg- controls. PSEN2-N141I mice were not negatively affected by corneal kindling. Mortality correlated with a marked downregulation of hippocampal tryptophan hydroxylase 2 and monoamine oxidase A protein expression versus controls; these changes were not detected in PSEN2-N141I mice. Kindled APP/PS1 mice also exhibited soluble amyloid β upregulation and glial reactivity without plaque deposition. SIGNIFICANCE Evoked convulsive seizures and neuronal hyperexcitability in pre-symptomatic APP/PS1 mice promoted premature mortality without pathological Aβ plaque deposition, whereas PSEN2-N141I mice were unaffected. Disruptions in serotonin pathway metabolism in APP/PS1 mice was associated with increased glial reactivity without Aβ plaque deposition, demonstrating that neuronal hyperexcitability in early AD causes pathological Aβ overexpression and worsens long-term outcomes through a serotonin-related mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Del Pozo
- Center for Epilepsy Drug Discovery (CEDD), Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kevin M Knox
- Center for Epilepsy Drug Discovery (CEDD), Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Leanne M Lehmann
- Center for Epilepsy Drug Discovery (CEDD), Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stephanie Davidson
- Center for Epilepsy Drug Discovery (CEDD), Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Seongheon Leo Rho
- Center for Epilepsy Drug Discovery (CEDD), Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Melissa Barker-Haliski
- Center for Epilepsy Drug Discovery (CEDD), Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Kamondi A, Grigg-Damberger M, Löscher W, Tanila H, Horvath AA. Epilepsy and epileptiform activity in late-onset Alzheimer disease: clinical and pathophysiological advances, gaps and conundrums. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:162-182. [PMID: 38356056 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has demonstrated a link between Alzheimer disease (AD) and epilepsy. Late-onset epilepsy and epileptiform activity can precede cognitive deterioration in AD by years, and its presence has been shown to predict a faster disease course. In animal models of AD, amyloid and tau pathology are linked to cortical network hyperexcitability that precedes the first signs of memory decline. Thus, detection of epileptiform activity in AD has substantial clinical importance as a potential novel modifiable risk factor for dementia. In this Review, we summarize the epidemiological evidence for the complex bidirectional relationship between AD and epilepsy, examine the effect of epileptiform activity and seizures on cognition in people with AD, and discuss the precision medicine treatment strategies based on the latest research in human and animal models. Finally, we outline some of the unresolved questions of the field that should be addressed by rigorous research, including whether particular clinicopathological subtypes of AD have a stronger association with epilepsy, and the sequence of events between epileptiform activity and amyloid and tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kamondi
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andras Attila Horvath
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Huang L, Xiao W, Wang Y, Li J, Gong J, Tu E, Long L, Xiao B, Yan X, Wan L. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in epileptogenesis: an update on abnormal mGluRs signaling and its therapeutic implications. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:360-368. [PMID: 37488891 PMCID: PMC10503602 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by high morbidity, high recurrence, and drug resistance. Enhanced signaling through the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is intricately associated with epilepsy. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are G protein-coupled receptors activated by glutamate and are key regulators of neuronal and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulated mGluR signaling has been associated with various neurological disorders, and numerous studies have shown a close relationship between mGluRs expression/activity and the development of epilepsy. In this review, we first introduce the three groups of mGluRs and their associated signaling pathways. Then, we detail how these receptors influence epilepsy by describing the signaling cascades triggered by their activation and their neuroprotective or detrimental roles in epileptogenesis. In addition, strategies for pharmacological manipulation of these receptors during the treatment of epilepsy in experimental studies is also summarized. We hope that this review will provide a foundation for future studies on the development of mGluR-targeted antiepileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wenjie Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiaoe Gong
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ewen Tu
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lili Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoxin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lily Wan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Mandino F, Shen X, Desrosiers-Gregoire G, O'Connor D, Mukherjee B, Owens A, Qu A, Onofrey J, Papademetris X, Chakravarty MM, Strittmatter SM, Lake EM. Aging-Dependent Loss of Connectivity in Alzheimer's Model Mice with Rescue by mGluR5 Modulator. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.15.571715. [PMID: 38260465 PMCID: PMC10802481 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.571715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with synaptic damage and altered connectivity in brain networks. While measures of amyloid accumulation and biochemical changes in mouse models have utility for translational studies of certain therapeutics, preclinical analysis of altered brain connectivity using clinically relevant fMRI measures has not been well developed for agents intended to improve neural networks. Here, we conduct a longitudinal study in a double knock-in mouse model for AD ( App NL-G-F /hMapt ), monitoring brain connectivity by means of resting-state fMRI. While the 4-month-old AD mice are indistinguishable from wild-type controls (WT), decreased connectivity in the default-mode network is significant for the AD mice relative to WT mice by 6 months of age and is pronounced by 9 months of age. In a second cohort of 20-month-old mice with persistent functional connectivity deficits for AD relative to WT, we assess the impact of two-months of oral treatment with a silent allosteric modulator of mGluR5 (BMS-984923) known to rescue synaptic density. Functional connectivity deficits in the aged AD mice are reversed by the mGluR5-directed treatment. The longitudinal application of fMRI has enabled us to define the preclinical time trajectory of AD-related changes in functional connectivity, and to demonstrate a translatable metric for monitoring disease emergence, progression, and response to synapse-rescuing treatment.
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11
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Scheinman SB, Tseng KY, Alford S, Tai LM. Higher Neuronal Facilitation and Potentiation with APOE4 Suppressed by Angiotensin II. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:120-131. [PMID: 37589833 PMCID: PMC10843153 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Progressive hippocampal degeneration is a key component of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Therefore, identifying how hippocampal neuronal function is modulated early in AD is an important approach to eventually prevent degeneration. AD-risk factors and signaling molecules likely modulate neuronal function, including APOE genotype and angiotensin II. Compared to APOE3, APOE4 increases AD risk up to 12-fold, and high levels of angiotensin II are hypothesized to disrupt neuronal function in AD. However, the extent that APOE and angiotensin II modulates the hippocampal neuronal phenotype in AD-relevant models is unknown. To address this issue, we used electrophysiological techniques to assess the impact of APOE genotype and angiotensin II on basal synaptic transmission, presynaptic, and post-synaptic activity in mice that express human APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD) and overproduce Aβ. We found that compared to E3FAD mice, E4FAD mice have lower synaptic activity, but higher levels of paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the Schaffer Collateral Commissural Pathway (SCCP) of the hippocampus. We also found that exogenous angiotensin II has a profound inhibitory effect on hippocampal LTP in both E3FAD and E4FAD mice. Collectively, our data suggests that APOE4 and Aβ are associated with a hippocampal phenotype comprised of lower basal activity and higher responses to high-frequency stimulation, the latter of which is suppressed by angiotensin II. These novel data suggest a potential mechanistic link between hippocampal activity, APOE4 genotype, and angiotensin II in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Scheinman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St. Rm 578 MC 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kuei Y Tseng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St. Rm 578 MC 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Simon Alford
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St. Rm 578 MC 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St. Rm 578 MC 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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12
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Ohno M. A Strategy for Allowing Earlier Diagnosis and Rigorous Evaluation of BACE1 Inhibitors in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:431-445. [PMID: 38701146 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Given continued failure of BACE1 inhibitor programs at symptomatic and prodromal stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), clinical trials need to target the earlier preclinical stage. However, trial design is complex in this population with negative diagnosis of classical hippocampal amnesia on standard memory tests. Besides recent advances in brain imaging, electroencephalogram, and fluid-based biomarkers, new cognitive markers should be established for earlier diagnosis that can optimize recruitment to BACE1 inhibitor trials in presymptomatic AD. Notably, accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) is emerging as a sensitive cognitive measure that can discriminate between asymptomatic individuals with high risks for developing AD and healthy controls. ALF is a form of declarative memory impairment characterized by increased forgetting rates over longer delays (days to months) despite normal storage within the standard delays of testing (20-60 min). Therefore, ALF may represent a harbinger of preclinical dementia and the impairment of systems memory consolidation, during which memory traces temporarily stored in the hippocampus become gradually integrated into cortical networks. This review provides an overview of the utility of ALF in a rational design of next-generation BACE1 inhibitor trials in preclinical AD. I explore potential mechanisms underlying ALF and relevant early-stage biomarkers useful for BACE1 inhibitor evaluation, including synaptic protein alterations, astrocytic dysregulation and neuron hyperactivity in the hippocampal-cortical network. Furthermore, given the physiological role of the isoform BACE2 as an AD-suppressor gene, I also discuss the possible association between the poor selectivity of BACE1 inhibitors and their side effects (e.g., cognitive worsening) in prior clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuo Ohno
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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13
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Dvorak NM, Domingo ND, Tapia CM, Wadsworth PA, Marosi M, Avchalumov Y, Fongsaran C, Koff L, Di Re J, Sampson CM, Baumgartner TJ, Wang P, Villarreal PP, Solomon OD, Stutz SJ, Aditi, Porter J, Gbedande K, Prideaux B, Green TA, Seeley EH, Samir P, Dineley KT, Vargas G, Zhou J, Cisneros I, Stephens R, Laezza F. TNFR1 signaling converging on FGF14 controls neuronal hyperactivity and sickness behavior in experimental cerebral malaria. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:306. [PMID: 38115011 PMCID: PMC10729485 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperinflammatory experimental cerebral malaria (eCM), including gliosis, increased levels of fibrin(ogen) in the brain, behavioral changes, and mortality. However, the role of TNF in eCM within the brain parenchyma, particularly directly on neurons, remains underdefined. Here, we investigate electrophysiological consequences of eCM on neuronal excitability and cell signaling mechanisms that contribute to observed phenotypes. METHODS The split-luciferase complementation assay (LCA) was used to investigate cell signaling mechanisms downstream of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) that could contribute to changes in neuronal excitability in eCM. Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology was performed in brain slices from eCM mice to elucidate consequences of infection on CA1 pyramidal neuron excitability and cell signaling mechanisms that contribute to observed phenotypes. Involvement of identified signaling molecules in mediating behavioral changes and sickness behavior observed in eCM were investigated in vivo using genetic silencing. RESULTS Exploring signaling mechanisms that underlie TNF-induced effects on neuronal excitability, we found that the complex assembly of fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) and the voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channel 1.6 (Nav1.6) is increased upon tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) stimulation via Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2). On account of the dependency of hyperinflammatory experimental cerebral malaria (eCM) on TNF, we performed patch-clamp studies in slices from eCM mice and showed that Plasmodium chabaudi infection augments Nav1.6 channel conductance of CA1 pyramidal neurons through the TNFR1-JAK2-FGF14-Nav1.6 signaling network, which leads to hyperexcitability. Hyperexcitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons caused by infection was mitigated via an anti-TNF antibody and genetic silencing of FGF14 in CA1. Furthermore, knockdown of FGF14 in CA1 reduced sickness behavior caused by infection. CONCLUSIONS FGF14 may represent a therapeutic target for mitigating consequences of TNF-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan M Dvorak
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Nadia D Domingo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Cynthia M Tapia
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Paul A Wadsworth
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Mate Marosi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Yosef Avchalumov
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Chanida Fongsaran
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Leandra Koff
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jessica Di Re
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Catherine M Sampson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Timothy J Baumgartner
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Paula P Villarreal
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Clinical Sciences Program, The Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Olivia D Solomon
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Sonja J Stutz
- Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Aditi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jacob Porter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Komi Gbedande
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07301, USA
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Thomas A Green
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Erin H Seeley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Parimal Samir
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Kelley T Dineley
- Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Irma Cisneros
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Robin Stephens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07301, USA.
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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14
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Baumgartner TJ, Haghighijoo Z, Goode NA, Dvorak NM, Arman P, Laezza F. Voltage-Gated Na + Channels in Alzheimer's Disease: Physiological Roles and Therapeutic Potential. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1655. [PMID: 37629512 PMCID: PMC10455313 DOI: 10.3390/life13081655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is classically characterized by two major histopathological abnormalities: extracellular plaques composed of amyloid beta (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau. Due to the progressive nature of the disease, it is of the utmost importance to develop disease-modifying therapeutics that tackle AD pathology in its early stages. Attenuation of hippocampal hyperactivity, one of the earliest neuronal abnormalities observed in AD brains, has emerged as a promising strategy to ameliorate cognitive deficits and abate the spread of neurotoxic species. This aberrant hyperactivity has been attributed in part to the dysfunction of voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels, which are central mediators of neuronal excitability. Therefore, targeting Nav channels is a promising strategy for developing disease-modifying therapeutics that can correct aberrant neuronal phenotypes in early-stage AD. This review will explore the role of Nav channels in neuronal function, their connections to AD pathology, and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (T.J.B.); (Z.H.); (N.A.G.); (N.M.D.); (P.A.)
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15
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Scheinman SB, Tseng KY, Alford S, Tai LM. Higher Neuronal Facilitation and Potentiation with APOE4 Suppressed by Angiotensin II. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2960437. [PMID: 37292788 PMCID: PMC10246245 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2960437/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Progressive hippocampal degeneration is a key component of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Therefore, identifying how hippocampal neuronal function is modulated early in AD is an important approach to eventually prevent degeneration. AD-risk factors and signaling molecules likely modulate neuronal function, including APOE genotype and angiotensin II. Compared to APOE3 , APOE4 increases AD risk up to 12-fold, and high levels of angiotensin II are hypothesized to disrupt neuronal function in AD. However, the extent that APOE and angiotensin II modulates the hippocampal neuronal phenotype in AD-relevant models is unknown. To address this issue, we used electrophysiological techniques to assess the impact of APOE genotype and angiotensin II on basal synaptic transmission, presynaptic and post-synaptic activity in mice that express human APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD) and overproduce Aβ. We found that compared to E3FAD mice, E4FAD mice had lower basal synaptic activity, but higher levels of paired pulse facilitation (PPF) and Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) in the Schaffer Collateral Commissural Pathway (SCCP) of the hippocampus. We also found that exogenous angiotensin II has a profound inhibitory effect on hippocampal LTP in both E3FAD and E4FAD mice. Collectively, our data suggests that APOE4 and Aβ are associated with a hippocampal phenotype comprised of lower basal activity and higher responses to high frequency stimulation, the latter of which is suppressed by angiotensin II. These novel data suggest a potential mechanistic link between hippocampal activity, APOE4 genotype and angiotensin II in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuei Y Tseng
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine
| | - Simon Alford
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine
| | - Leon M Tai
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine
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16
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Qu W, Canoll P, Hargus G. Molecular Insights into Cell Type-specific Roles in Alzheimer's Disease: Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-based Disease Modelling. Neuroscience 2023; 518:10-26. [PMID: 35569647 PMCID: PMC9974106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia resulting in widespread degeneration of the central nervous system with severe cognitive impairment. Despite the devastating toll of AD, the incomplete understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms hinders the expeditious development of effective cures. Emerging evidence from animal studies has shown that different brain cell types play distinct roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Glutamatergic neurons are preferentially affected in AD and pronounced gliosis contributes to the progression of AD in both a cell-autonomous and a non-cell-autonomous manner. Much has been discovered through genetically modified animal models, yet frequently failed translational attempts to clinical applications call for better disease models. Emerging evidence supports the significance of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived brain cells in modeling disease development and progression, opening new avenues for the discovery of molecular mechanisms. This review summarizes the function of different cell types in the pathogenesis of AD, such as neurons, microglia, and astrocytes, and recognizes the potential of utilizing the rapidly growing iPSC technology in modeling AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Qu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gunnar Hargus
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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17
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Valdivia G, Ardiles AO, Idowu A, Salazar C, Lee HK, Gallagher M, Palacios AG, Kirkwood A. mGluR-dependent plasticity in rodent models of Alzheimer's disease. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 15:1123294. [PMID: 36937569 PMCID: PMC10017879 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2023.1123294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) are currently the most comprehensive models of synaptic plasticity models to subserve learning and memory. In the CA1 region of the hippocampus LTP and LTD can be induced by the activation of either NMDA receptors or mGluR5 metabotropic glutamate receptors. Alterations in either form of synaptic plasticity, NMDAR-dependent or mGluR-dependent, are attractive candidates to contribute to learning deficits in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging. Research, however, has focused predominantly on NMDAR-dependent forms of LTP and LTD. Here we studied age-associated changes in mGluR-dependent LTP and LTD in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD and in Octodon degu, a rodent model of aging that exhibits features of AD. At 2 months of age, APP/PS1 mouse exhibited robust mGluR-dependent LTP and LTD that was completely lost by the 8th month of age. The expression of mGluR protein in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice was not affected, consistent with previous findings indicating the uncoupling of the plasticity cascade from mGluR5 activation. In O. degu, the average mGluR-LTD magnitude is reduced by half by the 3 rd year of age. In aged O. degu individuals, the reduced mGluR-LTD correlated with reduced performance in a radial arm maze task. Altogether these findings support the idea that the preservation of mGluR-dependent synaptic plasticity is essential for the preservation of learning capacity during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Valdivia
- Mind/Brain Institute and Department of Neurosciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alvaro O. Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Abimbola Idowu
- Mind/Brain Institute and Department of Neurosciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Claudia Salazar
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Hey-Kyoung Lee
- Mind/Brain Institute and Department of Neurosciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adrian G. Palacios
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alfredo Kirkwood
- Mind/Brain Institute and Department of Neurosciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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18
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Brymer KJ, Hurley EP, Barron JC, Mukherjee B, Barnes JR, Nafar F, Parsons MP. Asymmetric dysregulation of glutamate dynamics across the synaptic cleft in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:27. [PMID: 36788598 PMCID: PMC9926626 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Most research on glutamate spillover focuses on the deleterious consequences of postsynaptic glutamate receptor overactivation. However, two decades ago, it was noted that the glial coverage of hippocampal synapses is asymmetric: astrocytic coverage of postsynaptic sites exceeds coverage of presynaptic sites by a factor of four. The fundamental relevance of this glial asymmetry remains poorly understood. Here, we used the glutamate biosensor iGluSnFR, and restricted its expression to either CA3 or CA1 neurons to visualize glutamate dynamics at pre- and postsynaptic microenvironments, respectively. We demonstrate that inhibition of the primarily astrocytic glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) slows glutamate clearance to a greater extent at presynaptic compared to postsynaptic membranes. GLT-1 expression was reduced early in a mouse model of AD, resulting in slower glutamate clearance rates at presynaptic but not postsynaptic membranes that opposed presynaptic short-term plasticity. Overall, our data demonstrate that the presynapse is particularly vulnerable to GLT-1 dysfunction and may have implications for presynaptic impairments in a variety of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Brymer
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6 Canada
| | - Emily P. Hurley
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6 Canada
| | - Jessica C. Barron
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6 Canada
| | - Bandhan Mukherjee
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6 Canada
| | - Jocelyn R. Barnes
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6 Canada
| | - Firoozeh Nafar
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6 Canada
| | - Matthew P. Parsons
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6 Canada
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19
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Ben-Nejma IRH, Keliris AJ, Vanreusel V, Ponsaerts P, Van der Linden A, Keliris GA. Altered dynamics of glymphatic flow in a mature-onset Tet-off APP mouse model of amyloidosis. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:23. [PMID: 36707887 PMCID: PMC9883946 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the progressive buildup of toxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau protein aggregates eventually leading to cognitive decline. Recent lines of evidence suggest that an impairment of the glymphatic system (GS), a brain waste clearance pathway, plays a key role in the pathology of AD. Moreover, a relationship between GS function and neuronal network integrity has been strongly implicated. Here, we sought to assess the efficacy of the GS in a transgenic Tet-Off APP mouse model of amyloidosis, in which the expression of mutant APP was delayed until maturity, mimicking features of late-onset AD-the most common form of dementia in humans. METHODS To evaluate GS function, we used dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in 14-month-old Tet-Off APP (AD) mice and aged-matched littermate controls. Brain-wide transport of the Gd-DOTA contrast agent was monitored over time after cisterna magna injection. Region-of-interest analysis and computational modelling were used to assess GS dynamics while characterisation of brain tissue abnormalities at the microscale was performed ex vivo by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We observed reduced rostral glymphatic flow and higher accumulation of the contrast agent in areas proximal to the injection side in the AD group. Clustering and subsequent computational modelling of voxel time courses revealed significantly lower influx time constants in AD relative to the controls. Ex vivo evaluation showed abundant amyloid plaque burden in the AD group coinciding with extensive astrogliosis and microgliosis. The neuroinflammatory responses were also found in plaque-devoid regions, potentially impacting brain-fluid circulation. CONCLUSIONS In a context resembling late-onset AD in humans, we demonstrate the disruption of glymphatic function and particularly a reduction in brain-fluid influx in the AD group. We conjecture that the hindered circulation of cerebrospinal fluid is potentially caused by wide-spread astrogliosis and amyloid-related obstruction of the normal routes of glymphatic flow resulting in redirection towards caudal regions. In sum, our study highlights the translational potential of alternative approaches, such as targeting brain-fluid circulation as potential therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès R. H. Ben-Nejma
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aneta J. Keliris
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Verdi Vanreusel
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium ,Research in Dosimetric Applications, SCK CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annemie Van der Linden
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681μNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Georgios A. Keliris
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681μNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.4834.b0000 0004 0635 685XInstitute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete Greece
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20
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Yavorsky VA, Rozumna NM, Lukyanetz EA. Influence of amyloid beta on impulse spiking of isolated hippocampal neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1132092. [PMID: 37124394 PMCID: PMC10133472 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1132092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the formation of β-amyloid plaques, which ultimately lead to the dysfunction of neurons with subsequent neurodegeneration. Although extensive researches have been conducted on the effects of different amyloid conformations such as oligomers and fibrils on neuronal function in isolated cells and circuits, the exact contribution of extracellular beta-amyloid on neurons remains incompletely comprehended. In our experiments, we studied the effect of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ1-42) on the action potential (APs) generation in isolated CA1 hippocampal neurons in perforated patch clamp conditions. Our findings demonstrate that Aβ1-42 affects the generation of APs differently in various hippocampal neurons, albeit with a shared effect of enhancing the firing response of the neurons within a minute of the start of Aβ1-42 application. In the first response type, there was a shift of 20-65% toward smaller values in the firing threshold of action potentials in response to inward current. Conversely, the firing threshold of action potentials was not affected in the second type of response to the application of Aβ1-42. In these neurons, Aβ1-42 caused a moderate increase in the frequency of spiking, up to 15%, with a relatively uniform increase in the frequency of action potentials generation regardless of the level of input current. Obtained data prove the absence of direct short-term negative effect of the Aβ1-42 on APs generation in neurons. Even with increasing the APs generation frequency and lowering the neurons' activation threshold, neurons were functional. Obtained data can suggest that only the long-acting presence of the Aβ1-42 in the cell environment can cause neuronal dysfunction due to a prolonged increase of APs firing and predisposition to this process.
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21
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Muslimov IA, Berardi V, Stephenson S, Ginzler EM, Hanly JG, Tiedge H. Autoimmune RNA dysregulation and seizures: therapeutic prospects in neuropsychiatric lupus. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/12/e202201496. [PMID: 36229064 PMCID: PMC9559755 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus autoimmunity frequently presents with neuropsychiatric manifestations, but underlying etiology remains poorly understood. Human brain cytoplasmic 200 RNA (BC200 RNA) is a translational regulator in neuronal synapto-dendritic domains. Here, we show that a BC200 guanosine-adenosine dendritic transport motif is recognized by autoantibodies from a subset of neuropsychiatric lupus patients. These autoantibodies impact BC200 functionality by quasi irreversibly displacing two RNA transport factors from the guanosine-adenosine transport motif. Such anti-BC autoantibodies, which can gain access to brains of neuropsychiatric lupus patients, give rise to clinical manifestations including seizures. To establish causality, naive mice with a permeabilized blood-brain barrier were injected with anti-BC autoantibodies from lupus patients with seizures. Animals so injected developed seizure susceptibility with high mortality. Seizure activity was entirely precluded when animals were injected with lupus anti-BC autoantibodies together with BC200 decoy autoantigen. Seizures are a common clinical manifestation in neuropsychiatric lupus, and our work identifies anti-BC autoantibody activity as a mechanistic cause. The results demonstrate potential utility of BC200 decoys for autoantibody-specific therapeutic interventions in neuropsychiatric lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham A Muslimov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA,Correspondence: ;
| | - Valerio Berardi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Stacy Stephenson
- Division of Comparative Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ellen M Ginzler
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John G Hanly
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Henri Tiedge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA,Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA,Correspondence: ;
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22
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Early death in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease exacerbated by microglial loss of TAM receptor signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204306119. [PMID: 36191221 PMCID: PMC9564325 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204306119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent seizure is a common comorbidity in early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may contribute to AD pathogenesis and cognitive decline. Similarly, many mouse models of Alzheimer's disease that overproduce amyloid beta are prone to epileptiform seizures that may result in early sudden death. We studied one such model, designated APP/PS1, and found that mutation of the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Mer or its ligand Gas6 greatly exacerbated early death. Lethality was tied to violent seizures that appeared to initiate in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, where Mer plays an essential role in the microglial phagocytosis of both apoptotic and newborn cells normally generated during adult neurogenesis. We found that newborn DG neurons and excitatory synapses between the DG and the cornu ammonis field 3 (CA3) field of the hippocampus were increased in TAM-deficient mice, and that premature death and adult neurogenesis in these mice were coincident. In contrast, the incidence of lethal seizures and the deposition of dense-core amyloid plaques were strongly anticorrelated. Together, these results argue that TAM-mediated phagocytosis sculpts synaptic connectivity in the hippocampus, and that seizure-inducing amyloid beta polymers are present prior to the formation of dense-core plaques.
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23
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Vande Vyver M, Barker‐Haliski M, Aourz N, Nagels G, Bjerke M, Engelborghs S, De Bundel D, Smolders I. Higher susceptibility to 6 Hz corneal kindling and lower responsiveness to antiseizure drugs in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Epilepsia 2022; 63:2703-2715. [PMID: 35775150 PMCID: PMC9804582 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epileptic spikes and seizures seem present early in the disease process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is unclear how soluble and insoluble amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau proteins affect seizure development in vivo. We aim to contribute to this field by assessing the vulnerability to 6 Hz corneal kindling of young female mice from two well-characterized transgenic AD models and by testing their responsiveness to selected antiseizure drugs (ASDs). METHODS We used 7-week-old triple transgenic (3xTg) mice that have both amyloid and tau mutations, and amyloid precursor protein Swedish/presenillin 1 dE9 (APP/PS1) mice, bearing only amyloid-related mutations. We assessed the absence of plaques via immunohistochemistry and analyzed the concentrations of both soluble and insoluble forms of Aβ1-42 and total tau (t-tau) in brain hippocampal and prefrontal cortical tissue. Seven-week-old mice of the different genotypes were subjected to the 6 Hz corneal kindling model. After kindling acquisition, we tested the anticonvulsant effects of three marketed ASDs (levetiracetam, brivaracetam, and lamotrigine) in fully kindled mice. RESULTS No Aβ plaques were present in either genotype. Soluble Aβ1-42 levels were increased in both AD genotypes, whereas insoluble Aβ1-42 concentrations were only elevated in APP/PS1 mice compared with their respective controls. Soluble and insoluble forms of t-tau were increased in 3xTg mice only. 3xTg and APP/PS1 mice displayed more severe seizures induced by 6 Hz corneal kindling from the first stimulation onward and were more rapidly kindled compared with control mice. In fully kindled AD mice, ASDs had less-pronounced anticonvulsive effects compared with controls. SIGNIFICANCE Mutations increasing Aβ only or both Aβ and tau in the brain enhance susceptibility for seizures and kindling in mice. The effect of ASDs on seizures measured by the Racine scale is less pronounced in both investigated AD models and suggests that seizures of young AD mice are more difficult to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Vande Vyver
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology, Center for NeurosciencesVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium,Department of NeurologyUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselJetteBelgium,Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium,Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR), Center for NeurosciencesVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Najat Aourz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology, Center for NeurosciencesVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Guy Nagels
- Department of NeurologyUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselJetteBelgium,Department of AI Supported Modelling in Clinical Sciences (AIMS)Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR), Center for NeurosciencesVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium,Department of NeurochemistryUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of NeurologyUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselJetteBelgium,Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium,Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR), Center for NeurosciencesVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Dimitri De Bundel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology, Center for NeurosciencesVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology, Center for NeurosciencesVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
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24
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Targeting PSEN1 by lnc-CYP3A43-2/miR-29b-2-5p to Reduce β Amyloid Plaque Formation and Improve Cognition Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810554. [PMID: 36142465 PMCID: PMC9506169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) is a crucial subunit within the γ-secretase complex and regulates β-amyloid (Aβ) production. Accumulated evidence indicates that n-butylidenephthalide (BP) acts effectively to reduce Aβ levels in neuronal cells that are derived from trisomy 21 (Ts21) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. This article aims to investigate the possible mechanisms through which BP ameliorates the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and verify the effectiveness of BP through animal experiments. Results from RNA microarray analysis showed that BP treatment in Ts21 iPSC-derived neuronal cells reduced long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) CYP3A43-2 levels and increased microRNA (miR)-29b-2-5p levels. Bioinformatics tool prediction analysis, biotin-labeled miR-29b-2-5p pull-down assay, and dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed a direct negative regulatory effect for miRNA29b-2-5p on lnc-RNA-CYP3A43-2 and PSEN1. Moreover, BP administration improved short-term memory and significantly reduced Aβ accumulation in the hippocampus and cortex of 3xTg-AD mice but failed in miR-29b-2-5p mutant mice generated by CRISP/Cas9 technology. In addition, analysis of brain samples from patients with AD showed a decrease in microRNA-29b-2-5p expression in the frontal cortex region. Our results provide evidence that the LncCYP3A43-2/miR29-2-5p/PSEN1 network might be involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying BP-induced Aβ reduction.
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25
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Bailey CS, Jagielo-Miller JE, Keller PS, Glaser EP, Wilcox AL, Prendergast MA. Ethanol sustains phosphorylated tau protein in the cultured neonatal rat hippocampus: Implications for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohol 2022; 103:45-54. [PMID: 35964913 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) are comprised of developmental, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure, affecting an estimated 2%-5% of children and costing $4 billion annually in the United States. While some behavioral therapies help, the neurobiological mechanisms that underpin FASDs need further elucidation for development of efficacious pharmacotherapeutics. The role of the tau protein in the hippocampus is likely to be involved. Tau catalyzes microtubule polymerization in developing neurons. However, this function can become disrupted by hyperphosphorylation. Many of the cognitive deficits observed in neurodegenerative tauopathies overlap to some degree with what is observed in juvenile developmental disabilities, such as FASDs (e.g., selective memory, executive dysfunction). Thus, tau protein phosphorylation may be one important mechanism of dysfunction in FASDs. The purpose of this study is to provide an empirical basis for a tauopathic characterization of FASDs. To do so, hippocampal slices were extracted from rats at postnatal day 10 (PND10); hippocampal slices were then exposed to 5 days of 50mM ethanol between 6 days in vitro (DIV) and 11DIV. Immunoblots were taken for Total and p-Tau (Threonine231) at 12DIV and 24DIV. Immunohistochemical fluorescent images were taken for p-Tau (Threonine231) at 12DIV and 24DIV. Separate p-Tau measures were taken for the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG). Total Tau protein expression remained unchanged between 12DIV and 24DIV regardless of EtOH condition. In the control group, longer DIV was associated with decreased p-Tau. However, in the EtOH-exposed group, p-Tau was sustained across DIV. This is the first study to show that EtOH exposure sustains tau Threonine231 phosphorylation in the perinatal hippocampus regardless of total tau expression. These findings could lead to innovative pharmacotherapeutic targets for the treatment of cognitive deficits seen in FASDs.
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26
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Taipala E, Pfitzer JC, Hellums M, Reed MN, Gramlich MW. rTg(TauP301L)4510 mice exhibit increased VGlut1 in hippocampal presynaptic glutamatergic vesicles and increased extracellular glutamate release. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:925546. [PMID: 35989711 PMCID: PMC9383415 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.925546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathways that contribute to the onset of symptoms in tauopathy models, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are difficult to distinguish because multiple changes can happen simultaneously at different stages of disease progression. Understanding early synaptic alterations and their supporting molecular pathways is essential to develop better pharmacological targets to treat AD. Here, we focus on an early onset rTg(TauP301L)4510 tauopathy mouse model that exhibits hyperexcitability in hippocampal neurons of adult mice that is correlated with presynaptic changes and increased extracellular glutamate levels. However, it is not clear if increased extracellular glutamate is caused by presynaptic changes alone, or if presynaptic changes are a contributing factor among other factors. To determine whether pathogenic tau alters presynaptic function and glutamate release, we studied cultured hippocampal neurons at 14–18 days in vitro (DIV) from animals of both sexes to measure presynaptic changes in tauP301L positive mice. We observed that presynaptic vesicles exhibit increased vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGlut1) using immunohistochemistry of fixed cells and an established pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein approach. We show that tauP301L positive neurons exhibit a 40% increase in VGlut1 per vesicle compared to tauP301L negative littermates. Further, we use the extracellular glutamate reporter iGluSnFR to show that increased VGlut1 per vesicle directly translates into a 40% increase in extracellular glutamate. Together, these results show that increased extracellular glutamate levels observed in tauP301L mice are not caused by increased vesicle exocytosis probability but rather are directly related to increased VGlut1 transporters per synaptic vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Taipala
- Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Morgan Hellums
- Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Miranda N. Reed
- Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Michael W. Gramlich
- Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael W. Gramlich,
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27
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Kawabata S. Excessive/Aberrant and Maladaptive Synaptic Plasticity: A Hypothesis for the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:913693. [PMID: 35865745 PMCID: PMC9294348 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.913693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is widely accepted. Last year, the US Food and Drug Administration considered amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) as a surrogate biomarker and approved an anti-Aβ antibody, aducanumab, although its effectiveness in slowing the progression of AD is still uncertain. This approval has caused a great deal of controversy. Opinions are divided about whether there is enough evidence to definitely consider Aβ as a causative substance of AD. To develop this discussion constructively and to discover the most suitable therapeutic interventions in the end, an alternative persuasive hypothesis needs to emerge to better explain the facts. In this paper, I propose a hypothesis that excessive/aberrant and maladaptive synaptic plasticity is the pathophysiological basis for AD.
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28
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Sathler MF, Doolittle MJ, Cockrell JA, Nadalin IR, Hofmann F, VandeWoude S, Kim S. HIV and FIV glycoproteins increase cellular tau pathology via cGMP-dependent kinase II activation. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259764. [PMID: 35638570 PMCID: PMC9270957 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the development of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drastically improves the lifespan of individuals with HIV, many are now entering the prime age when Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like symptoms begin to manifest. It has been shown that hyperphosphorylated tau, a known AD pathological characteristic, is prematurely increased in the brains of HIV-infected individuals as early as in their 30s and that its levels increase with age. This suggests that HIV infection might lead to accelerated AD phenotypes. However, whether HIV infection causes AD to develop more quickly in the brain is not yet fully determined. Interestingly, we have previously revealed that the viral glycoproteins HIV gp120 and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) gp95 induce neuronal hyperexcitation via cGMP-dependent kinase II (cGKII; also known as PRKG2) activation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Here, we use cultured mouse cortical neurons to demonstrate that the presence of HIV gp120 and FIV gp95 are sufficient to increase cellular tau pathology, including intracellular tau hyperphosphorylation and tau release to the extracellular space. We further reveal that viral glycoprotein-induced cellular tau pathology requires cGKII activation. Taken together, HIV infection likely accelerates AD-related tau pathology via cGKII activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus F. Sathler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1617 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Michael J. Doolittle
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - James A. Cockrell
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - India R. Nadalin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1617 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Franz Hofmann
- Technical University of Munich, Arcisstraße 21, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Seonil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1617 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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29
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Spurrier J, Nicholson L, Fang XT, Stoner AJ, Toyonaga T, Holden D, Siegert TR, Laird W, Allnutt MA, Chiasseu M, Brody AH, Takahashi H, Nies SH, Pérez-Cañamás A, Sadasivam P, Lee S, Li S, Zhang L, Huang YH, Carson RE, Cai Z, Strittmatter SM. Reversal of synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models by targeting mGluR5 to prevent synaptic tagging by C1Q. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabi8593. [PMID: 35648810 PMCID: PMC9554345 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi8593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microglia-mediated synaptic loss contributes to the development of cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the basis for this immune-mediated attack on synapses remains to be elucidated. Treatment with the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) silent allosteric modulator (SAM), BMS-984923, prevents β-amyloid oligomer-induced aberrant synaptic signaling while preserving physiological glutamate response. Here, we show that oral BMS-984923 effectively occupies brain mGluR5 sites visualized by [18F]FPEB positron emission tomography (PET) at doses shown to be safe in rodents and nonhuman primates. In aged mouse models of AD (APPswe/PS1ΔE9 overexpressing transgenic and AppNL-G-F/hMapt double knock-in), SAM treatment fully restored synaptic density as measured by [18F]SynVesT-1 PET for SV2A and by histology, and the therapeutic benefit persisted after drug washout. Phospho-TAU accumulation in double knock-in mice was also reduced by SAM treatment. Single-nuclei transcriptomics demonstrated that SAM treatment in both models normalized expression patterns to a far greater extent in neurons than glia. Last, treatment prevented synaptic localization of the complement component C1Q and synaptic engulfment in AD mice. Thus, selective modulation of mGluR5 reversed neuronal gene expression changes to protect synapses from damage by microglial mediators in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Spurrier
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - LaShae Nicholson
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xiaotian T Fang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Austin J Stoner
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - William Laird
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mary Alice Allnutt
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marius Chiasseu
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - A Harrison Brody
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sarah Helena Nies
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Azucena Pérez-Cañamás
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pragalath Sadasivam
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Supum Lee
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Songye Li
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Le Zhang
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yiyun H Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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30
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Tok S, Maurin H, Delay C, Crauwels D, Manyakov NV, Van Der Elst W, Moechars D, Drinkenburg WHIM. Neurophysiological effects of human-derived pathological tau conformers in the APPKM670/671NL.PS1/L166P amyloid mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7784. [PMID: 35546164 PMCID: PMC9094605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by two main pathological hallmarks: amyloid plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. However, a majority of studies focus on the individual pathologies and seldom on the interaction between the two pathologies. Herein, we present the longitudinal neuropathological and neurophysiological effects of a combined amyloid-tau model by hippocampal seeding of human-derived tau pathology in the APP.PS1/L166P amyloid animal model. We statistically assessed both neurophysiological and pathological changes using linear mixed modelling to determine if factors such as the age at which animals were seeded, genotype, seeding or buffer, brain region where pathology was quantified, and time-post injection differentially affect these outcomes. We report that AT8-positive tau pathology progressively develops and is facilitated by the amount of amyloid pathology present at the time of injection. The amount of AT8-positive tau pathology was influenced by the interaction of age at which the animal was injected, genotype, and time after injection. Baseline pathology-related power spectra and Higuchi Fractal Dimension (HFD) score alterations were noted in APP.PS1/L166P before any manipulations were performed, indicating a baseline difference associated with genotype. We also report immediate localized hippocampal dysfunction in the electroencephalography (EEG) power spectra associated with tau seeding which returned to comparable levels at 1 month-post-injection. Longitudinal effects of seeding indicated that tau-seeded wild-type mice showed an increase in gamma power earlier than buffer control comparisons which was influenced by the age at which the animal was injected. A reduction of hippocampal broadband power spectra was noted in tau-seeded wild-type mice, but absent in APP.PS1 animals. HFD scores appeared to detect subtle effects associated with tau seeding in APP.PS1 animals, which was differentially influenced by genotype. Notably, while tau histopathological changes were present, a lack of overt longitudinal electrophysiological alterations was noted, particularly in APP.PS1 animals that feature both pathologies after seeding, reiterating and underscoring the difficulty and complexity associated with elucidating physiologically relevant and translatable biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease at the early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tok
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium. .,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - H Maurin
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - C Delay
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - D Crauwels
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - N V Manyakov
- Data Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - W Van Der Elst
- Quantitative Sciences Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - D Moechars
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - W H I M Drinkenburg
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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B. Szabo A, Cretin B, Gérard F, Curot J, J. Barbeau E, Pariente J, Dahan L, Valton L. Sleep: The Tip of the Iceberg in the Bidirectional Link Between Alzheimer's Disease and Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:836292. [PMID: 35481265 PMCID: PMC9035794 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.836292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation that a pathophysiological link might exist between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy dates back to the identification of the first cases of the pathology itself and is now strongly supported by an ever-increasing mountain of literature. An overwhelming majority of data suggests not only a higher prevalence of epilepsy in Alzheimer's disease compared to healthy aging, but also that AD patients with a comorbid epileptic syndrome, even subclinical, have a steeper cognitive decline. Moreover, clinical and preclinical investigations have revealed a marked sleep-related increase in the frequency of epileptic activities. This characteristic might provide clues to the pathophysiological pathways underlying this comorbidity. Furthermore, the preferential sleep-related occurrence of epileptic events opens up the possibility that they might hasten cognitive decline by interfering with the delicately orchestrated synchrony of oscillatory activities implicated in sleep-related memory consolidation. Therefore, we scrutinized the literature for mechanisms that might promote sleep-related epileptic activity in AD and, possibly dementia onset in epilepsy, and we also aimed to determine to what degree and through which processes such events might alter the progression of AD. Finally, we discuss the implications for patient care and try to identify a common basis for methodological considerations for future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Szabo
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Anna B. Szabo
| | - Benjamin Cretin
- Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, ICube Laboratory, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), Team IMIS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- CMRR d'Alsace, Service de Neurologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle Tête et Cou, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fleur Gérard
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Purpan Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jonathan Curot
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Purpan Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel J. Barbeau
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Purpan Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM-University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Dahan
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Valton
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo), UMR 5549, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Purpan Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Luc Valton
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32
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Cope ZA, Murai T, Sukoff Rizzo SJ. Emerging Electroencephalographic Biomarkers to Improve Preclinical to Clinical Translation in Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:805063. [PMID: 35250541 PMCID: PMC8891809 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.805063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Continually emerging data indicate that sub-clinical, non-convulsive epileptiform activity is not only prevalent in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but is detectable early in the course of the disease and predicts cognitive decline in both humans and animal models. Epileptiform activity and other electroencephalographic (EEG) measures may hold powerful, untapped potential to improve the translational validity of AD-related biomarkers in model animals ranging from mice, to rats, and non-human primates. In this review, we will focus on studies of epileptiform activity, EEG slowing, and theta-gamma coupling in preclinical models, with particular focus on its role in cognitive decline and relevance to AD. Here, each biomarker is described in the context of the contemporary literature and recent findings in AD relevant animal models are discussed.
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33
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Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Enhances Pathological Tau Seeding, Propagation, and Accumulation and Exacerbates Alzheimer-like Memory and Synaptic Plasticity Deficits and Molecular Signatures. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:346-358. [PMID: 34130857 PMCID: PMC8895475 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea, characterized by sleep fragmentation and chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Recent epidemiological studies point to CIH as the best predictor of developing cognitive decline and AD in older adults with obstructive sleep apnea. However, the precise underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of CIH on pathological human tau seeding, propagation, and accumulation; cognition; synaptic plasticity; neuronal network excitability; and gene expression profiles in a P301S human mutant tau mouse model of AD and related tauopathies. METHODS We exposed 4- to 4.5-month-old male P301S and wild-type mice to an 8-week CIH protocol (6-min cycle: 21% O2 to 8% O2 to 21% O2, 80 cycles per 8 hours during daytime) and assessed its effect on tau pathology and various AD-related phenotypic and molecular signatures. Age- and sex-matched P301S and wild-type mice were reared in normoxia (21% O2) as experimental controls. RESULTS CIH significantly enhanced pathological human tau seeding and spread across connected brain circuitry in P301S mice; it also increased phosphorylated tau load. CIH also exacerbated memory and synaptic plasticity deficits in P301S mice. However, CIH had no effect on seizure susceptibility and network hyperexcitability in these mice. Finally, CIH exacerbated AD-related pathogenic molecular signaling in P301S mice. CONCLUSIONS CIH-induced increase in pathologic human tau seeding and spread and exacerbation of other AD-related impairments provide new insights into the role of CIH and obstructive sleep apnea in AD pathogenesis.
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Bareiss SK, Johnston T, Lu Q, Tran TD. The effect of exercise on early sensorimotor performance alterations in the 3xTg-AD model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Res 2022; 178:60-68. [PMID: 35033583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function; however, recent evidence suggests that non-cognitive sensorimotor and psychomotor symptoms accompany early stages of the disease in humans and AD models. Although exercise is emerging as an important therapeutic to combat AD progression, little is known about the effect of exercise on sensorimotor domain functions. The purpose of this study was to determine if early sensorimotor symptoms accompany deficits in Morris water maze (MWM) performance in the 3xTg-AD model, and investigate if exercise could protect against early behavioral decline. 3xTg-AD and wild-type (WT) control mice were subjected to 12 weeks of moderate intensity wheel running or remained sedentary. At 6 months of age, animals underwent a series of sensorimotor and MWM testing. 3xTg-AD mice displayed deficits in sensorimotor function (beam traversal, spontaneous activity, and adhesive removal) and MWM performance. Interestingly, 3xTg-AD animals exhibited increased freezing and unusual shaking/tremoring behaviors not displayed by WT controls. Exercise improved beam traversal, adhesive removal, and reduced the unusual motor-related behaviors in 3xTg-AD mice. Our study shows that sensorimotor symptoms coincide with deficits in MWM performance, and suggest that exercise may mitigate deficits associated with early disease in 3xTg-AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja K Bareiss
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY 40205, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, United States; The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, East Carolina University, United States.
| | - Tyler Johnston
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States.
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, United States; The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, East Carolina University, United States.
| | - Tuan D Tran
- The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, East Carolina University, United States; Department of Psychology East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States.
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35
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Konings SC, Torres-Garcia L, Martinsson I, Gouras GK. Astrocytic and Neuronal Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Differentially Affect Neuronal Excitability. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:734001. [PMID: 34621153 PMCID: PMC8490647 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.734001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic changes and neuronal network dysfunction are among the earliest changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4), the major genetic risk factor in AD, has been shown to be present at synapses and to induce hyperexcitability in mouse knock-in brain regions vulnerable to AD. ApoE in the brain is mainly generated by astrocytes, however, neurons can also produce ApoE under stress conditions such as aging. The potential synaptic function(s) of ApoE and whether the cellular source of ApoE might affect neuronal excitability remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the synaptic localization and effects on neuronal activity of the two main human ApoE isoforms from different cellular sources in control and AD-like in vitro cultured neuron models. In this study ApoE is seen to localize at or near to synaptic terminals. Additionally, we detected a cellular source-specific effect of ApoE isoforms on neuronal activity measured by live cell Ca2+ imaging. Neuronal activity increases after acute but not long-term administration of ApoE4 astrocyte medium. In contrast, ApoE expressed by neurons appears to induce the highest neuronal firing rate in the presence of ApoE3, rather than ApoE4. Moreover, increased neuronal activity in APP/PS1 AD transgenic compared to wild-type neurons is seen in the absence of astrocytic ApoE and the presence of astrocytic ApoE4, but not ApoE3. In summary, ApoE can target synapses and differentially induce changes in neuronal activity depending on whether ApoE is produced by astrocytes or neurons. Astrocytic ApoE induces the strongest neuronal firing with ApoE4, while the most active and efficient neuronal activity induced by neuronal ApoE is caused by ApoE3. ApoE isoforms also differentially affect neuronal activity in AD transgenic compared to wild-type neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine C Konings
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Laura Torres-Garcia
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isak Martinsson
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar K Gouras
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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36
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Siano G, Falcicchia C, Origlia N, Cattaneo A, Di Primio C. Non-Canonical Roles of Tau and Their Contribution to Synaptic Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810145. [PMID: 34576308 PMCID: PMC8466023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau plays a central role in a group of neurodegenerative disorders collectively named tauopathies. Despite the wide range of diverse symptoms at the onset and during the progression of the pathology, all tauopathies share two common hallmarks, namely the misfolding and aggregation of Tau protein and progressive synaptic dysfunctions. Tau aggregation correlates with cognitive decline and behavioural impairment. The mechanistic link between Tau misfolding and the synaptic dysfunction is still unknown, but this correlation is well established in the human brain and also in tauopathy mouse models. At the onset of the pathology, Tau undergoes post-translational modifications (PTMs) inducing the detachment from the cytoskeleton and its release in the cytoplasm as a soluble monomer. In this condition, the physiological enrichment in the axon is definitely disrupted, resulting in Tau relocalization in the cell soma and in dendrites. Subsequently, Tau aggregates into toxic oligomers and amyloidogenic forms that disrupt synaptic homeostasis and function, resulting in neuronal degeneration. The involvement of Tau in synaptic transmission alteration in tauopathies has been extensively reviewed. Here, we will focus on non-canonical Tau functions mediating synapse dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Siano
- Laboratory of Biology, BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Chiara Falcicchia
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.F.); (N.O.)
| | - Nicola Origlia
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.F.); (N.O.)
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Biology, BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Fondazione Rita Levi-Montalcini, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Cristina Di Primio
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.F.); (N.O.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.D.P.)
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Giesers NK, Wirths O. Loss of Hippocampal Calretinin and Parvalbumin Interneurons in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ASN Neuro 2021; 12:1759091420925356. [PMID: 32423230 PMCID: PMC7238451 DOI: 10.1177/1759091420925356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The deposition of amyloid-β peptides in the form of extracellular plaques
and neuronal degeneration belong to the hallmark features of
Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, impaired calcium homeostasis
and altered levels in calcium-binding proteins seem to be associated
with the disease process. In this study, calretinin- (CR) and
parvalbumin- (PV) positive gamma-aminobutyric acid-producing
(GABAergic) interneurons were quantified in different hippocampal
subfields of 12-month-old wild-type mice, as well as in the transgenic
AD mouse models 5XFAD and Tg4-42. While, in comparison with wild-type
mice, CR-positive interneurons were mainly reduced in the CA1 and
CA2/3 regions in plaque-bearing 5XFAD mice, PV-positive interneurons
were reduced in all analyzed subfields including the dentate gyrus. No
reduction in CR- and PV-positive interneuron numbers was detected in
the non-plaque-forming Tg4-42 mouse, although this model has been
previously demonstrated to harbor a massive loss of CA1 pyramidal
neurons. These results provide information about hippocampal
interneuron numbers in two relevant AD mouse models, suggesting that
interneuron loss in this brain region may be related to extracellular
amyloid burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi K Giesers
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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38
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Tok S, Ahnaou A, Drinkenburg W. Functional Neurophysiological Biomarkers of Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease: A Perspective of Network Hyperexcitability in Disease Progression. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 88:809-836. [PMID: 34420957 PMCID: PMC9484128 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Network hyperexcitability (NH) has recently been suggested as a potential neurophysiological indicator of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as new, more accurate biomarkers of AD are sought. NH has generated interest as a potential indicator of certain stages in the disease trajectory and even as a disease mechanism by which network dysfunction could be modulated. NH has been demonstrated in several animal models of AD pathology and multiple lines of evidence point to the existence of NH in patients with AD, strongly supporting the physiological and clinical relevance of this readout. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the prevalence of NH in animal models through neurophysiological, biochemical, and imaging techniques. However, some of these hypotheses have been built on animal models with limitations and caveats that may have derived NH through other mechanisms or mechanisms without translational validity to sporadic AD patients, potentially leading to an erroneous conclusion of the underlying cause of NH occurring in patients with AD. In this review, we discuss the substantiation for NH in animal models of AD pathology and in human patients, as well as some of the hypotheses considering recently developed animal models that challenge existing hypotheses and mechanisms of NH. In addition, we provide a preclinical perspective on how the development of animal models incorporating AD-specific NH could provide physiologically relevant translational experimental data that may potentially aid the discovery and development of novel therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Tok
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdallah Ahnaou
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Wilhelmus Drinkenburg
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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39
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Romoli M, Sen A, Parnetti L, Calabresi P, Costa C. Amyloid-β: a potential link between epilepsy and cognitive decline. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:469-485. [PMID: 34117482 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
People with epilepsy - in particular, late-onset epilepsy of unknown aetiology - have an elevated risk of dementia, and seizures have been detected in the early stages of Alzheimer disease (AD), supporting the concept of an epileptic AD prodrome. However, the relationship between epilepsy and cognitive decline remains controversial, with substantial uncertainties about whether epilepsy drives cognitive decline or vice versa, and whether shared pathways underlie both conditions. Here, we review evidence that amyloid-β (Aβ) forms part of a shared pathway between epilepsy and cognitive decline, particularly in the context of AD. People with epilepsy show an increased burden of Aβ pathology in the brain, and Aβ-mediated epileptogenic alterations have been demonstrated in experimental studies, with evidence suggesting that Aβ pathology might already be pro-epileptogenic at the soluble stage, long before plaque deposition. We discuss the hypothesis that Aβ mediates - or is at least a major determinant of - a continuum spanning epilepsy and cognitive decline. Serial cognitive testing and assessment of Aβ levels might be worthwhile to stratify the risk of developing dementia in people with late-onset epilepsy. If seizures are a clinical harbinger of dementia, people with late-onset epilepsy could be an ideal group in which to implement preventive or therapeutic strategies to slow cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Romoli
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy.,Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Neurology and Stroke Unit, "Maurizio Bufalini" Hospital, Cesena, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Neurologia e Rete Stroke Metropolitana, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arjune Sen
- Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy.
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Evaluation of lorcaserin as an anticonvulsant in juvenile Fmr1 knockout mice. Epilepsy Res 2021; 175:106677. [PMID: 34130255 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent preclinical and clinical studies suggest that lorcaserin, a preferential serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) agonist that was approved for the treatment of obesity, possesses antiepileptic properties. Here, we tested whether lorcaserin (1, 3, 5.6, 10 mg/kg) is prophylactic against audiogenic seizures (AGSs) in juvenile Fmr1 knockout mice, a mouse model of fragile X syndrome (FXS). MPEP (30 mg/kg), a non-competitive mGluR5 receptor antagonist, was used as a positive control. As lorcaserin likely engages 5-HT2ARs at therapeutic doses, we pretreated one group of mice with the selective 5-HT2AR antagonist/inverse agonist, M100907 (0.03 mg/kg), alone or before administering lorcaserin (5.6 mg/kg), to discern putative contributions of 5-HT2ARs to AGSs. We also assessed lorcaserin's in vitro pharmacology at human (h) and mouse (m) 5-HT2CRs and 5-HT2ARs and its in vivo interactions at m5-HT2CRs and m5-HT2ARs. MPEP significantly decreased AGS prevalence (P = 0.011) and lethality (P = 0.038). Lorcaserin, 3 mg/kg, attenuated AGS prevalence and lethality by 14 % and 32 %, respectively, however, results were not statistically significant (P = 0.5 and P = 0.06); other doses and M100907 alone or with lorcaserin also did not significantly affect AGSs. Lorcaserin exhibited full efficacy agonist activity at h5-HT2CRs and m5-HT2CRs, and near full efficacy agonist activity at h5-HT2ARs and m5-HT2ARs; selectivity for activation of 5-HT2CRs over 5-HT2ARs was greater for human (38-fold) compared to mouse (13-fold) receptors. Lorcaserin displayed relatively low affinities at antagonist-labeled 5-HT2CRs and 5-HT2ARs, regardless of species. Lorcaserin (3 and 5.6 mg/kg) increased the 5-HT2AR-dependent head-twitch response (HTR) elicited by (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) in mice (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02). At 3 mg/kg, lorcaserin alone did not elicit an HTR. If mice were treated with the selective 5-HT2CR antagonist SB 242084 (0.5 or 1 mg/kg) plus lorcaserin (3 mg/kg), a significantly increased HTR was observed, relative to vehicle (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03), however, the HTR was much lower than what was elicited by DOI or DOI plus lorcaserin. Lorcaserin, 3 mg/kg, significantly reduced locomotor activity on its own, an effect reversed by SB 242084, and lorcaserin also dose-dependently reduced locomotor activity when administered prior to DOI (Ps<0.002). These data suggest that lorcaserin may engage 5-HT2CRs as well as 5-HT2ARs in mice at doses as low as 3 mg/kg. The similar activity at m5-HT2CRs and m5-HT2ARs suggests careful dosing of lorcaserin is necessary to selectively engage 5-HT2CRs in vivo. In conclusion, lorcaserin was ineffective at preventing AGSs in Fmr1 knockout mice. Lorcaserin may not be a suitable pharmacotherapy for seizures in FXS.
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Courtney SM, Hinault T. When the time is right: Temporal dynamics of brain activity in healthy aging and dementia. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 203:102076. [PMID: 34015374 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain activity and communications are complex phenomena that dynamically unfold over time. However, in contrast with the large number of studies reporting neuroanatomical differences in activation relative to young adults, changes of temporal dynamics of neural activity during normal and pathological aging have been grossly understudied and are still poorly known. Here, we synthesize the current state of knowledge from MEG and EEG studies that aimed at specifying the effects of healthy and pathological aging on local and network dynamics, and discuss the clinical and theoretical implications of these findings. We argue that considering the temporal dynamics of brain activations and networks could provide a better understanding of changes associated with healthy aging, and the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Recent research has also begun to shed light on the association of these dynamics with other imaging modalities and with individual differences in cognitive performance. These insights hold great potential for driving new theoretical frameworks and development of biomarkers to aid in identifying and treating age-related cognitive changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Courtney
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21205, USA
| | - T Hinault
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; U1077 INSERM-EPHE-UNICAEN, Caen, France.
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Neuronal Network Excitability in Alzheimer's Disease: The Puzzle of Similar versus Divergent Roles of Amyloid β and Tau. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0418-20.2020. [PMID: 33741601 PMCID: PMC8174042 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0418-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder that commonly causes dementia in the elderly. Recent evidence indicates that network abnormalities, including hypersynchrony, altered oscillatory rhythmic activity, interneuron dysfunction, and synaptic depression, may be key mediators of cognitive decline in AD. In this review, we discuss characteristics of neuronal network excitability in AD, and the role of Aβ and tau in the induction of network hyperexcitability. Many patients harboring genetic mutations that lead to increased Aβ production suffer from seizures and epilepsy before the development of plaques. Similarly, pathologic accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau has been associated with hyperexcitability in the hippocampus. We present common and divergent roles of tau and Aβ on neuronal hyperexcitability in AD, and hypotheses that could serve as a template for future experiments.
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43
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Lo AC, Rajan N, Gastaldo D, Telley L, Hilal ML, Buzzi A, Simonato M, Achsel T, Bagni C. Absence of RNA-binding protein FXR2P prevents prolonged phase of kainate-induced seizures. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51404. [PMID: 33779029 PMCID: PMC8024897 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a condition in which seizures are not self-terminating and thereby pose a serious threat to the patient's life. The molecular mechanisms underlying SE are likely heterogeneous and not well understood. Here, we reveal a role for the RNA-binding protein Fragile X-Related Protein 2 (FXR2P) in SE. Fxr2 KO mice display reduced sensitivity specifically to kainic acid-induced SE. Immunoprecipitation of FXR2P coupled to next-generation sequencing of associated mRNAs shows that FXR2P targets are enriched in genes that encode glutamatergic post-synaptic components. Of note, the FXR2P target transcriptome has a significant overlap with epilepsy and SE risk genes. In addition, Fxr2 KO mice fail to show sustained ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by KA and present reduced burst activity in the hippocampus. Taken together, our findings show that the absence of FXR2P decreases the expression of glutamatergic proteins, and this decrease might prevent self-sustained seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Lo
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Rajan
- Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Denise Gastaldo
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Telley
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muna L Hilal
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Buzzi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Simonato
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Tilmann Achsel
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Bagni
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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44
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Lamoureux L, Marottoli FM, Tseng KY, Tai LM. APOE4 Promotes Tonic-Clonic Seizures, an Effect Modified by Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mutations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:656521. [PMID: 33796539 PMCID: PMC8007905 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.656521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures are emerging as a common symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, often attributed to high levels of amyloid β (Aβ). However, the extent that AD disease risk factors modulate seizure activity in aging and AD-relevant contexts is unclear. APOE4 is the greatest genetic risk factor for AD and has been linked to seizures independent of AD and Aβ. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the role of APOE genotype in modulating seizures in the absence and presence of high Aβ levels in vivo. To achieve this goal, we utilized EFAD mice, which express human APOE3 or APOE4 in the absence (EFAD-) or presence (EFAD+) of familial AD mutations that result in Aβ overproduction. When quantified during cage change day, we found that unlike APOE3, APOE4 is associated with tonic-clonic seizures. Interestingly, there were lower tonic-clonic seizures in E4FAD+ mice compared to E4FAD- mice. Restraint handing and auditory stimuli failed to recapitulate the tonic-clonic phenotype in EFAD mice that express APOE4. However, after chemical-induction with pentylenetetrazole, there was a higher incidence of tonic-clonic seizures with APOE4 compared to APOE3. Interestingly, the distribution of seizures to the tonic-clonic phenotype was higher with FAD mutations. These data support that APOE4 is associated with higher tonic-clonic seizures in vivo, and that FAD mutations impact tonic-clonic seizures in a paradigm dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorissa Lamoureux
- Biological Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Felecia M Marottoli
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kuei Y Tseng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Dennison JL, Ricciardi NR, Lohse I, Volmar CH, Wahlestedt C. Sexual Dimorphism in the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model and Its Impact on Pre-Clinical Research. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:41-52. [PMID: 33459720 PMCID: PMC8075398 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Female sex is a leading risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sexual dimorphism in AD is gaining attention as clinical data show that women are not only more likely to develop AD but also to experience worse pathology and faster cognitive decline. Pre-clinical AD research in animal models often neglects to address sexual dimorphism in evaluation of behavioral or molecular characteristics and outcomes. This can compromise its translation to a clinical setting. The triple-transgenic AD mouse model (3xTg-AD) is a commonly used but unique AD model because it exhibits both amyloid and tau pathology, essential features of the human AD phenotype. Mounting evidence has revealed important sexually dimorphic characteristics of this animal model that have yet to be reviewed and thus, are often overlooked in studies using the 3xTg-AD model. In this review we conduct a thorough analysis of reports of sexual dimorphism in the 3xTg-AD model including findings of molecular, behavioral, and longevity-related sex differences in original research articles through August 2020. Importantly, we find results to be inconsistent, and that strain source and differing methodologies are major contributors to lack of consensus regarding traits of each sex. We first touch on the nature of sexual dimorphism in clinical AD, followed by a brief summary of sexual dimorphism in other major AD murine models before discussing the 3xTg-AD model in depth. We conclude by offering four suggestions to help unify pre-clinical mouse model AD research inspired by the NIH expectations for considering sex as a biological variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Dennison
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Natalie R Ricciardi
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ines Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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46
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Sosulina L, Mittag M, Geis HR, Hoffmann K, Klyubin I, Qi Y, Steffen J, Friedrichs D, Henneberg N, Fuhrmann F, Justus D, Keppler K, Cuello AC, Rowan MJ, Fuhrmann M, Remy S. Hippocampal hyperactivity in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2021; 157:2128-2144. [PMID: 33583024 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal network dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying pathomechanisms remain unknown. We analyzed the hippocampal micronetwork in transgenic McGill-R-Thy1-APP rats (APPtg) at the beginning of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition. We established two-photon Ca2+ -imaging in vivo in the hippocampus of rats and found hyperactivity of CA1 neurons. Patch-clamp recordings in brain slices in vitro revealed increased neuronal input resistance and prolonged action potential width in CA1 pyramidal neurons. We did neither observe changes in synaptic inhibition, nor in excitation. Our data support the view that increased intrinsic excitability of CA1 neurons may precede inhibitory dysfunction at an early stage of Aβ-deposition and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Sosulina
- Neuronal Networks Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Mittag
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Rüdiger Geis
- Neuronal Networks Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hoffmann
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Igor Klyubin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yingjie Qi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julia Steffen
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Detlef Friedrichs
- Neuronal Networks Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Henneberg
- Neuronal Networks Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Falko Fuhrmann
- Neuronal Networks Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Justus
- Neuronal Networks Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Kevin Keppler
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael J Rowan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Fuhrmann
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Remy
- Neuronal Networks Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
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47
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Shabir O, Moll TA, Matuszyk MM, Eyre B, Dake MD, Berwick J, Francis SE. Preclinical models of disease and multimorbidity with focus upon cardiovascular disease and dementia. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Lam AD, Sarkis RA, Pellerin KR, Jing J, Dworetzky BA, Hoch DB, Jacobs CS, Lee JW, Weisholtz DS, Zepeda R, Westover MB, Cole AJ, Cash SS. Association of epileptiform abnormalities and seizures in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2020; 95:e2259-e2270. [PMID: 32764101 PMCID: PMC7713786 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between scalp EEG biomarkers of hyperexcitability in Alzheimer disease (AD) and to determine how these electric biomarkers relate to the clinical expression of seizures in AD. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we performed 24-hour ambulatory scalp EEGs on 43 cognitively normal elderly healthy controls (HC), 41 participants with early-stage AD with no history or risk factors for epilepsy (AD-NoEp), and 15 participants with early-stage AD with late-onset epilepsy related to AD (AD-Ep). Two epileptologists blinded to diagnosis visually reviewed all EEGs and annotated all potential epileptiform abnormalities. A panel of 9 epileptologists blinded to diagnosis was then surveyed to generate a consensus interpretation of epileptiform abnormalities in each EEG. RESULTS Epileptiform abnormalities were seen in 53% of AD-Ep, 22% of AD-NoEp, and 4.7% of HC. Specific features of epileptiform discharges, including high frequency, robust morphology, right temporal location, and occurrence during wakefulness and REM, were associated with clinical seizures in AD. Multiple EEG biomarkers concordantly demonstrated a pattern of left temporal lobe hyperexcitability in early stages of AD, whereas clinical seizures in AD were often associated with bitemporal hyperexcitability. Frequent small sharp spikes were specifically associated with epileptiform EEGs and thus identified as a potential biomarker of hyperexcitability in AD. CONCLUSION Epileptiform abnormalities are common in AD but not all equivalent. Specific features of epileptiform discharges are associated with clinical seizures in AD. Given the difficulty recognizing clinical seizures in AD, these EEG features could provide guidance on which patients with AD are at high risk for clinical seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice D Lam
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D.L., K.R.P., J.J., D.B.H., C.S.J., M.B.W., A.J.C., S.S.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.A.S., B.A.D., J.W.L., D.S.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
| | - Rani A Sarkis
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D.L., K.R.P., J.J., D.B.H., C.S.J., M.B.W., A.J.C., S.S.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.A.S., B.A.D., J.W.L., D.S.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kyle R Pellerin
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D.L., K.R.P., J.J., D.B.H., C.S.J., M.B.W., A.J.C., S.S.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.A.S., B.A.D., J.W.L., D.S.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jin Jing
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D.L., K.R.P., J.J., D.B.H., C.S.J., M.B.W., A.J.C., S.S.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.A.S., B.A.D., J.W.L., D.S.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Barbara A Dworetzky
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D.L., K.R.P., J.J., D.B.H., C.S.J., M.B.W., A.J.C., S.S.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.A.S., B.A.D., J.W.L., D.S.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Daniel B Hoch
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D.L., K.R.P., J.J., D.B.H., C.S.J., M.B.W., A.J.C., S.S.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.A.S., B.A.D., J.W.L., D.S.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Claire S Jacobs
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D.L., K.R.P., J.J., D.B.H., C.S.J., M.B.W., A.J.C., S.S.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.A.S., B.A.D., J.W.L., D.S.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jong Woo Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D.L., K.R.P., J.J., D.B.H., C.S.J., M.B.W., A.J.C., S.S.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.A.S., B.A.D., J.W.L., D.S.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Daniel S Weisholtz
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D.L., K.R.P., J.J., D.B.H., C.S.J., M.B.W., A.J.C., S.S.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.A.S., B.A.D., J.W.L., D.S.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Rodrigo Zepeda
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D.L., K.R.P., J.J., D.B.H., C.S.J., M.B.W., A.J.C., S.S.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.A.S., B.A.D., J.W.L., D.S.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - M Brandon Westover
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D.L., K.R.P., J.J., D.B.H., C.S.J., M.B.W., A.J.C., S.S.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.A.S., B.A.D., J.W.L., D.S.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Andrew J Cole
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D.L., K.R.P., J.J., D.B.H., C.S.J., M.B.W., A.J.C., S.S.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.A.S., B.A.D., J.W.L., D.S.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Sydney S Cash
- From the Department of Neurology (A.D.L., K.R.P., J.J., D.B.H., C.S.J., M.B.W., A.J.C., S.S.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.A.S., B.A.D., J.W.L., D.S.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Siano G, Varisco M, Scarlatti A, Caiazza MC, Dunville K, Cremisi F, Costa M, Pancrazi L, Di Primio C, Cattaneo A. Gene Expression of Disease-related Genes in Alzheimer's Disease is Impaired by Tau Aggregation. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:166675. [PMID: 33058882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal hyperexcitability linked to an increase in glutamate signalling is a peculiar trait of the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and tauopathies, however, a progressive reduction in glutamate release follows in advanced stages. We recently reported that in the early phases of the neurodegenerative process, soluble, non-aggregated Tau accumulates in the nucleus and modulates the expression of disease-relevant genes directly involved in glutamatergic transmission, thus establishing a link between Tau instability and altered neurotransmission. Here we report that while the nuclear translocation of Tau in cultured cells is not impaired by its own aggregation, the nuclear amyloid inclusions of aggregated Tau abolish Tau-dependent increased expression of the glutamate transporter. Remarkably, we observed that in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of AD patient brain, the glutamate transporter is upregulated at early stages and is downregulated at late stages. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicates that the modulation of Tau-dependent gene expression along the disease progression can be extended to all protein pathways of the glutamatergic synapse. Together, this evidence links the altered glutamatergic function in the PFC during AD progression to the newly discovered function of nuclear Tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Siano
- Laboratorio di Biologia BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Varisco
- Laboratorio di Biologia BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Scarlatti
- Laboratorio di Biologia BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - M C Caiazza
- Laboratorio di Biologia BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Dunville
- Laboratorio di Biologia BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Cremisi
- Laboratorio di Biologia BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Costa
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Pancrazi
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Di Primio
- Laboratorio di Biologia BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy; Istituto di Neuroscienze, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
| | - A Cattaneo
- Laboratorio di Biologia BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.
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50
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Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s Disease: Potential mechanisms for an association. Brain Res Bull 2020; 160:107-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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