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Dhamija K, Bhatia R, Srivastava MVP, Singh G, Bali P, Rani A. Outcomes of COVID-19 disease and its effect on disability in patients with multiple sclerosis and other allied demyelinating disorders. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 237:108160. [PMID: 38350173 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed challenges for clinicians with respect to questions regarding vulnerability of patients with chronic autoimmune diseases like Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) disorders. OBJECTIVES We assessed outcomes of COVID-19 disease among patients with CNS demyelinating disorders and its effect on neurological disability. METHODS This was an electronic survey in which a structured questionnaire was distributed to patients registered with neuroimmunology and MS clinics at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. The patients were enquired for their primary disease characteristics, occurrence and course of COVID-19 infection and its effect on their underlying disability, if any. Patients visiting clinics in person were also assessed and data from both sources was pooled. RESULTS 61 patients with these disorders reported to have contracted COVID-19 infection (mean age- 35.60+10.28 years, females-75.4%, MS-85.2%). None of them suffered from severe/critical COVID-19 despite heterogeneity of disease modifying therapy (DMT) use. DMTs were not associated with increased risk of lymphopenia during illness. 3.3% patients reported fresh relapse and 16.4% had worsening of their neurological disability during/after COVID-19 infection with half of them not attaining their baseline status on follow-up. None of demographic or biochemical parameters were predictive of this neurological worsening. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that patients with these disorders might not be at heightened risk of severe COVID-19. Adverse effect of COVID-19 infection on neurological disability needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamakshi Dhamija
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - M V Padma Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Singh
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prerna Bali
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Avantika Rani
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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García-Revilla J, Herrera AJ, de Pablos RM, Venero JL. Inflammatory Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S165-S182. [PMID: 35662128 PMCID: PMC9535574 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that microglia and peripheral immune cells may play determinant roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Consequently, there is a need to take advantage of immune-related models of PD to study the potential contribution of microglia and peripheral immune cells to the degeneration of the nigrostriatal system and help develop potential therapies for PD. In this review, we have summarised the main PD immune models. From a historical perspective, we highlight first the main features of intranigral injections of different pro-inflammogens, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thrombin, neuromelanin, etc. The use of adenoviral vectors to promote microglia-specific overexpression of different molecules in the ventral mesencephalon, including α-synuclein, IL-1β, and TNF, are also presented and briefly discussed. Finally, we summarise different models associated with peripheral inflammation whose contribution to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is now an outstanding question. Illustrative examples included systemic LPS administration and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Revilla
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío M. de Pablos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Venero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Fernández-Plata R, Higuera-Iglesias AL, Torres-Espíndola LM, Aquino-Gálvez A, Velázquez Cruz R, Camarena Á, Chávez Alderete J, Romo García J, Alvarado-Vásquez N, Martínez Briseño D, Castillejos-López M, Group RW. Risk of Pulmonary Fibrosis and Persistent Symptoms Post-COVID-19 in a Cohort of Outpatient Health Workers. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091843. [PMID: 36146648 PMCID: PMC9504101 DOI: 10.3390/v14091843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Infection by SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with multiple symptoms; however, still, little is known about persistent symptoms and their probable association with the risk of developing pulmonary fibrosis in patients post-COVID-19. Methods: A longitudinal prospective study on health workers infected by SARS-CoV-2 was conducted. In this work, signs and symptoms were recorded of 149 health workers with a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 at the beginning of the diagnosis, during the active infection, and during post-COVID-19 follow-up. The McNemar chi-square test was used to compare the proportions and percentages of symptoms between the baseline and each follow-up period. Results: The signs and symptoms after follow-up were cardiorespiratory, neurological, and inflammatory. Gastrointestinal symptoms were unusual at the disease onset, but unexpectedly, their frequency was higher in the post-infection stage. The multivariate analysis showed that pneumonia (HR 2.4, IC95%: 1.5−3.8, p < 0.001) and positive PCR tests still after four weeks (HR 5.3, IC95%: 2.3-12.3, p < 0.001) were factors associated with the diagnosis of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis in this study group. Conclusions: Our results showed that pneumonia and virus infection persistence were risk factors for developing pulmonary fibrosis post-COVID-19, after months of initial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Fernández-Plata
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Anjarath-Lorena Higuera-Iglesias
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Luz María Torres-Espíndola
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Insurgentes Sur 3700, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Emerging Diseases and COPD, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez Cruz
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Ángel Camarena
- Laboratory of HLA, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Jaime Chávez Alderete
- Department of Bronchial Hyperreactivity, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Javier Romo García
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Noé Alvarado-Vásquez
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.A.-V.); (D.M.B.); (M.C.-L.)
| | - David Martínez Briseño
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.A.-V.); (D.M.B.); (M.C.-L.)
| | - Manuel Castillejos-López
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.A.-V.); (D.M.B.); (M.C.-L.)
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Ju J, Su Y, Zhou Y, Wei H, Xu Q. The SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein disrupts barrier function in an in vitro human blood-brain barrier model. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:897564. [PMID: 36082238 PMCID: PMC9445123 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.897564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been frequently reported to exhibit neurological manifestations and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Among the risk factors for BBB breakdown, the loss of endothelial cells and pericytes has caused widespread concern. Recent studies have revealed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 envelope (S2E) protein caused cell death. We tested the hypothesis that the S2E protein alone could induce BBB dysfunction. The S2E protein bound to human BBB-related cells and inhibited cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Importantly, the S2E protein disrupted barrier function in an in vitro BBB model composed of HCMEC/D3 (brain endothelial cell line), HBVP (brain vascular pericyte), and U87MG (astrocyte cell line) cells and suppressed the expression of major genes involved in maintaining endothelial permeability and function. In addition, the S2E protein crossed the HCMEC/D3 monolayer. The S2E protein triggered inflammatory responses in HCMEC/D3 and U87MG cells. Taken together, these results show for the first time that the S2E protein has a negative impact on the BBB. Therapies targeting the S2E protein could protect against and treat central nervous system manifestations in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahang Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Xu
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Mohapatra RK, Kuppili S, Kumar Suvvari T, Kandi V, Behera A, Verma S, Kudrat‐E‐Zahan, Biswal SK, Al‐Noor TH, El‐ajaily MM, Sarangi AK, Dhama K. SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants of concern including Omicron: looks like a never ending pandemic. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 99:769-788. [PMID: 35184391 PMCID: PMC9111768 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This zoonotic virus has emerged in Wuhan of China in December 2019 from bats and pangolins probably and continuing the human‐to‐human transmission globally since last two years. As there is no efficient approved treatment, a number of vaccines were developed at an unprecedented speed to counter the pandemic. Moreover, vaccine hesitancy is observed that may be another possible reason for this never ending pandemic. In the meantime, several variants and mutations were identified and causing multiple waves globally. Now the safety and efficacy of these vaccines are debatable and recommended to determine whether vaccines are able to interrupt transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 variant of concern (VOC). Moreover, the VOCs continue to emerge that appear more transmissible and less sensitive to virus‐specific immune responses. In this overview, we have highlighted various drugs and vaccines used to counter this pandemic along with their reported side effects. Moreover, the preliminary data for the novel VOC “Omicron” are discussed with the existing animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry Government College of Engineering Keonjhar‐758002 Odisha India
| | | | | | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences Karimnagar‐505417 Telangana India
| | - Ajit Behera
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela‐769008 India
| | - Sarika Verma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute Bhopal MP 462026 India
- Academy of council Scientific and Industrial Research ‐ Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Hoshangabad Road Bhopal (M.P) 462026 India
| | - Kudrat‐E‐Zahan
- Department of Chemistry Rajshahi University Rajshahi Bangladesh
| | - Susanta K. Biswal
- Department of Chemistry School of Applied Sciences Centurion University of Technology and Management Odisha India
| | - Taghreed H. Al‐Noor
- Chemistry Department Ibn‐Al‐Haithem College of Education for Pure Science Baghdad University Baghdad Iraq
| | - Marei M. El‐ajaily
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Benghazi University Benghazi Libya
| | - Ashish K. Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry School of Applied Sciences Centurion University of Technology and Management Odisha India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology ICAR‐Indian Veterinary Research Institute Uttar Pradesh Bareilly India
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Joaquim L, Della Giustina A, Machado RS, Metzker KLL, Bonfante S, Danielski LG, Goldim MPDS, Petronilho F. The Infected Lungs and Brain Interface in COVID-19: The Impact on Cognitive Function. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 29:269-281. [PMID: 36323239 PMCID: PMC9747745 DOI: 10.1159/000526653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-recovered patients report signs and symptoms and are experiencing neurological, psychiatric, and cognitive problems. However, the exact prevalence and outcome of cognitive sequelae is unclear. Even though the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has target brain cells through binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in acute infection, several studies indicate the absence of the virus in the brain of many COVID-19 patients who developed neurological disorders. Thus, the COVID-19 mechanisms for stimulating cognitive dysfunction may include neuroinflammation, which is mediated by a sustained systemic inflammation, a disrupted brain barrier, and severe glial reactiveness, especially within the limbic system. This review explores the interplay of infected lungs and brain in COVID-19 and its impact on the cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Joaquim
- Health Sciences Unit, Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, Brazil
| | - Amanda Della Giustina
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Simon Machado
- Health Sciences Unit, Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, Brazil
| | - Kiuanne Lino Lobo Metzker
- Health Sciences Unit, Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, Brazil
| | - Sandra Bonfante
- Health Sciences Unit, Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, Brazil
| | - Lucineia Gainski Danielski
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pereira de Souza Goldim
- Health Sciences Unit, Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, Brazil
- *Fabricia Petronilho,
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Raghavan K, Kandaswamy RS, Ikewaki N, Iwasaki M, Abraham SJK. Potentials to alleviate coagulopathy and enhance microglial function of beta (β)- glucans, making them worth a clinical study for COVID-19's neurological sequalae. J Neurol Sci 2021; 427:117554. [PMID: 34186495 PMCID: PMC8219294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kadalraja Raghavan
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Sarvee Integra Private Limited, Chennai, India.
| | - Ramesh Shankar Kandaswamy
- Consultant Psychiatrist & Clinical Director, Lincolnshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Nobunao Ikewaki
- Dept. of Medical Life Science, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Japan; Institute of Immunology, Junsei Educational Institute, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masaru Iwasaki
- Centre for Advancing Clinical Research (CACR), University of Yamanashi - School of Medicine, Chuo, Japan
| | - Samuel J K Abraham
- Centre for Advancing Clinical Research (CACR), University of Yamanashi - School of Medicine, Chuo, Japan; Mary-Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH), Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai, India; Antony- Xavier Interdisciplinary Scholastics (AXIS), GN Corporation Co. Ltd., Kofu, Japan.
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