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Bian ZY, Li PX, Feng XY, Zhou YR, Cheng FY, Dong WX, Xiang P, Tang JJ. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of imidazolylacetophenone oxime derivatives as novel brain-penetrant agents for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 278:116794. [PMID: 39226707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD, also known as dementia) has become a serious global health problem along with population aging, and neuroinflammation is the underlying cause of cognitive impairment in the brain. Nowadays, the development of multitarget anti-AD drugs is considered to be one effective approach. Imidazolylacetophenone oxime ethers or esters (IOEs) were multifunctional agents with neuroinflammation inhibition, metal chelation, antioxidant and neuroprotection properties against Alzheimer's disease. In this study, IOEs derivatives 1-8 were obtained by structural modifications of the oxime and imidazole groups, and the SARs showed that (Z)-oxime ether (derivative 2) had stronger anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective ability than (E)-congener. Then, IOEs derivatives 9-30 were synthesized based on target-directed ligands and activity-based groups hybridization strategy. In vitro anti-AD activity screening revealed that some derivatives exhibited potentially multifunctional effects, among which derivative 28 exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity on NO production with EC50 value of 0.49 μM, and had neuroprotective effects on 6-OHDA-induced cell damage and RSL3-induced ferroptosis. The anti-neuroinflammatory mechanism showed that 28 could inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory factors PGE2 and TNF-α, down-regulate the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins, and promote the polarization of BV-2 cells from pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. In addition, 28 can dose-dependently inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Aβ42 aggregation. Moreover, the selected nuclide [18F]-labeled 28 was synthesized to explore its biodistribution by micro-PET/CT, of which 28 can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These results shed light on the potential of 28 as a new multifunctional candidate for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yuan Bian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Peng-Xiao Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xu-Yao Feng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yi-Ran Zhou
- Sendelta International Academy Shenzhen H3C1, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Fei-Yue Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wei-Xuan Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Tang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen Virtual University Park Building, High-TechIndustrial Park, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
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Liao JX, Huang QM, Pan ZC, Wu J, Zhang WJ. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation in spinal cord injury and concomitant pathological pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 982:176950. [PMID: 39214270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious and disabling injury that is often accompanied by neuropathic pain (NeP), which severely affects patients' motor and sensory functions and reduces their quality of life. Currently, there is no specific treatment for treating SCI and relieving the accompanying pain, and we can only rely on medication and physical rehabilitation, both of which are ineffective. Researchers have recently identified a novel class of glial cells, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which originate from the olfactory system. Transplantation of OECs into damaged spinal cords has demonstrated their capacity to repair damaged nerves, improve the microenvironment at the point of injury, and They can also restore neural connectivity and alleviate the patient's NeP to a certain extent. Although the effectiveness of OECs transplantation has been confirmed in experiments, the specific mechanisms by which it repairs the spinal cord and relieves pain have not been articulated. Through a review of the literature, it has been established that the ability of OECs to repair and relieve pain is inextricably linked to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In this regard, it is imperative to gain a deeper understanding of how OECs exert their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms by which OECs exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We aim to manipulate the immune microenvironment at the transplantation site through the intervention of cytokines and immune cells, with the goal of enhancing OECs' function or creating a conducive microenvironment for OECs' survival. This approach is expected to improve the therapeutic efficacy of OECs in clinical settings. However, numerous fundamental and clinical challenges remain to be addressed if OEC transplantation therapy is to become a standardized treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xiang Liao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Qi-Ming Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Pan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, China.
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Nie K, Gao Y, Wang H, Su H, Chen S, Jiang X, Dong H, Tang Y. Jiao-tai-wan and its effective component-coptisine alleviate cognitive impairment in db/db mice through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:155954. [PMID: 39178683 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment (CI) is now well-accepted as a complication and comorbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM), becoming a serious medical and social problem. Jiao-tai-wan (JTW), one of noted traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), showed dual therapeutic effects on DM and CI. Nevertheless, the potential mechanism is unclear. PURPOSE This study sought to investigate the mechanism how JTW protected against DM and CI and screen the active component in JTW. METHODS Db/db mice were used as mouse models. Mice were treated by gavage with 0.9 % saline (0.1 mL/10g/d), low dose of JTW (2.4 g/kg/d) or high dose of JTW (4.8 g/kg/d) for 8 weeks separately. To access the effects of JTW, the levels of OGTT, HOMA-IR, blood lipids, inflammatory cytokines in serum and hippocampus were measured, behavioral tests were conducted, and histopathological changes were observed. The mechanism exploration was performed via network pharmacology, RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining (IF). The impact and mechanism of coptisine in vitro were investigated using BV2 cells induced by LPS as cellular models. In vitro experiments were conducted in two parts. The first part comprised four groups: Control group, LPS group, LPS+LCOP group and LPS+HCOP group. The second part consisted of four groups: Control group, LPS group, LPS+HCOP group, and LPS+ Fed group. The western blot and RT-qPCR methods were used to examine the changes in biomarkers of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways in BV2 cells. RESULTS The results demonstrated that JTW could improve OGTT and HOMA-IR, reduce the serum levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, and TC, restore neuronal dysfunction and synaptic plasticity, and decrease the deposition of Aβ in the hippocampus. The findings from ELISA, IF, and RT-qPCR revealed that JTW could alleviate microglial activation and inflammatory status in vivo and coptisine could play the same role in vitro. Moreover, the changes of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in LPS-induced BV2 cells or hippocampus of db/db mice were distinctly reversed by coptisine or JTW, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that JTW and its effective component coptisine could alleviate diabetes mellitus-related cognitive impairment, closely linked to the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Yueheng Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Obukohwo OM, Oreoluwa OA, Andrew UO, Williams UE. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:1073. [PMID: 39425760 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, characterized by a complex interplay of primary and secondary injury mechanisms. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, play a crucial role in the inflammatory response following TBI. To review the current understanding of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in TBI, exploring its dual nature as a protective and detrimental process. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Relevant studies investigating the role of microglia in TBI were included. In the early stages of TBI, microglia exhibit a protective response, releasing cytokines and chemokines to promote neuronal survival and tissue repair. However, prolonged or excessive microglial activation can lead to neurotoxicity and exacerbate secondary injury. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation involves complex signaling pathways, including Toll-like receptors, purinergic receptors, and the complement system. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in TBI is a double-edged sword. While acute microglial activation can promote repair, chronic or excessive inflammation contributes to neuronal damage and functional deficits. Understanding the temporal and molecular dynamics of microglial responses is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to modulate neuroinflammation and improve outcomes after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyovwi Mega Obukohwo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Oyelere Abosede Oreoluwa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Udi Onoriode Andrew
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University Otuoke, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Ugwuishi Emeka Williams
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
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Akinlusi I, Kan B, Shi T, Barragan J, Bouchot C, Cervantes J. Human microglia polarization following infection with the Lyme disease spirochete. J Investig Med 2024:10815589241290206. [PMID: 39324305 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241290206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi can spread and cause central nervous system involvement, known as neuroborreliosis. Microglia phagocytose bacteria, mediate inflammation, and elicit an immune response toward the spirochete. Like other tissue macrophages, microglia can polarize into two different modulatory phenotypes, M1 and M2. We explored human microglial polarization changes upon infection with B. burgdorferi. HMC3 human microglia cell line was infected with B. burgdorferi for 24 h. Expression of polarization markers was evaluated via flow cytometry at 4 and 24 h. Secreted immunological mediators were evaluated using a multiplex ELISA system at 4, 18, and 24 h. An early decrease followed by a later increase in expression of M1 polarization marker iNOS was observed at 4 h, and 24 h, respectively. A decrease in M2 marker CX3CR1 occurred at 24 h. There were no changes in expression of M1 markers CD14, or in M2 markers CD163 and CD206. Multiplex ELISA evidenced an increase in secretion of activation markers MIP-1α, MIP- 1β, IP-10, chemotactic factor MCP-1, M1 polarization cytokine IL-8, and VEGF, at 4, 18, and 24 h. A decrease of iNOS at 4 h of infection suggests a diminished production of reactive nitrogen species that are a critical component of innate defense against infection. Increased iNOS and simultaneously decreased expression of CX3CR1 at 24 h, may suggest initiation of neuroprotective regulation of microglia recruitment to neuroinflammation. The dynamics of major inflammatory cytokines appear to be important in the microglial response to B. burgdorferi and should be further studied as these could become therapeutic targets in neuroborreliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Akinlusi
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Brian Kan
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Ted Shi
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jose Barragan
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | | | - Jorge Cervantes
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Simula ER, Jasemi S, Paulus K, Sechi LA. Upregulation of microRNAs correlates with downregulation of HERV-K expression in Parkinson's disease. J Neurovirol 2024:10.1007/s13365-024-01234-7. [PMID: 39424758 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-024-01234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) involvement in neurological diseases has been extensively documented, although the etiology of HERV reactivation remains unclear. MicroRNAs represent one of the potential regulatory mechanisms of HERV reactivation. We identified fourteen microRNAs predicted to bind the HERV-K transcript, and subsequently analyzed for their gene expression levels alongside those of HERV-K. We documented an increased expression of four microRNAs in patients with Parkinson's disease compared to healthy controls, which correlated with a downregulation of HERV-K transcripts. We hypothesize that specific microRNAs may bind to HERV-K transcripts, leading to its downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rita Simula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Virology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Somaye Jasemi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Virology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Kay Paulus
- Servizio di neuroabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Antonio Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Virology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
- Struttura Complessa Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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Sandoval KE, Witt KA. Somatostatin: Linking Cognition and Alzheimer Disease to Therapeutic Targeting. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:1291-1325. [PMID: 39013601 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.124.001117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Over 4 decades of research support the link between Alzheimer disease (AD) and somatostatin [somatotropin-releasing inhibitory factor (SRIF)]. SRIF and SRIF-expressing neurons play an essential role in brain function, modulating hippocampal activity and memory formation. Loss of SRIF and SRIF-expressing neurons in the brain rests at the center of a series of interdependent pathological events driven by amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), culminating in cognitive decline and dementia. The connection between the SRIF and AD further extends to the neuropsychiatric symptoms, seizure activity, and inflammation, whereas preclinical AD investigations show SRIF or SRIF receptor agonist administration capable of enhancing cognition. SRIF receptor subtype-4 activation in particular presents unique attributes, with the potential to mitigate learning and memory decline, reduce comorbid symptoms, and enhance enzymatic degradation of Aβ in the brain. Here, we review the links between SRIF and AD along with the therapeutic implications. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Somatostatin and somatostatin-expressing neurons in the brain are extensively involved in cognition. Loss of somatostatin and somatostatin-expressing neurons in Alzheimer disease rests at the center of a series of interdependent pathological events contributing to cognitive decline and dementia. Targeting somatostatin-mediated processes has significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin E Sandoval
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois
| | - Ken A Witt
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois
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Wang Y, Xiao Z, Yin H, Ren Z, Ma X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Fu X, Zhang F, Zeng L. miRNA375-3p/rapamycin mediates the mTOR pathway by decreasing PS1, enhances microglial cell activity to regulate autophagy in Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37589. [PMID: 39386837 PMCID: PMC11461998 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and drug development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) require urgent detection of novel targets and methods. Autophagy and microglia are significantly associated with the pathogenesis of early AD. This study indicated that microRNA-375-3p can inhibit autophagy by promoting mTOR phosphorylation in normal physiological conditions, while microRNA-375-3p promoted autophagy and enhanced neural repair by inhibiting the expression of presenilin 1 in early AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, co-treatment of rapamycin, and microRNA-375-3p can synergistically promote the autophagy and microglial activation in a neuroprotective manner, clear Aβ accumulation, repair nerve damage, and alleviate cognitive dysfunction and memory defects in APP/PS1 TG mice. This research revealed the impact and mechanism of miR375-3p on the early stage of AD through in vivo and in vitro experiments and provides new ideas and directions for the early treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zixuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hanlan Yin
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhichao Ren
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xueting Ma
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xueqi Fu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Scientific Research Centre of China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Linlin Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Wang SY, Li MM, Wu JT, Sun Y, Pan J, Guan W, Naseem A, Algradi AM, Kuang HX, Jiang YK, Yao HY, He XX, Li H, Yang BY, Liu Y. Lignans of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill inhibits Parkinson's disease progression through mediated neuroinflammation-TRPV1 expression in microglia. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 135:156146. [PMID: 39454375 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (S. chinensis), a member of the Magnoliaceae family, is renowned for its distinctive medicinal attributes and is commonly employed in the treatment of disorders affecting the CNS. PURPOSE The potential therapeutic effects of a lignan-enriched extract derived from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (LSC) on PD is assessed, which focuses on its mechanisms of action in addressing neuroinflammation. METHODS The LSC has been obtained by purifying the ethyl alcohol extract of S. chinensis. The Orbitrap-MS method has been employed to analyze the chemical composition of the LSC. In LPS-induced BV2 cells, LSC-induced changes in M1/M2 type inflammatory cytokines have been examined using the Griess reaction, Elisa, JC-1, flow cytometry, IF, and WB methods. A model of PD has been established by treatment of MPTP in C57BL/6 mice. The effect of LSC on behavioral changes, inflammatory factor levels, expression of TH and IBA-1, and production of autophagy in the midbrain has been investigated by TEM, immunohistochemistry, Elisa, and WB. RESULTS LSC has relieved sports injuries and pathological damage, and targeted the TRPV1-AMPK-NLRP3 signaling pathway, which affected neuroinflammation and autophagy in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro investigations demonstrated that LSC has activated M1/M2 transformation, its related inflammatory factors, and protein expressions of the NLRP3-Caspase1 signaling pathway in LPS-BV2 cells. The research notably demonstrated that the LSC promoted autophagy and suppressed inflammation through targeting TRPV1. CONCLUSION In the investigation, LSC focused on TRPV1 and controlled neuroinflammation-autophagy by regulating AMPK-NLRP3, which has been proven for the first time. The study has presented molecular data supporting the use of LSC in treating PD and offers references for developing drugs. Remarkably, LSC has the potential to be utilized as a therapeutic or health medication that could significantly decrease PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yi Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Meng-Meng Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Jia-Tong Wu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Ye Sun
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Juan Pan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Wei Guan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Anam Naseem
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Adnan Mohammed Algradi
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yi-Kai Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Yao
- Heilongjiang Jiren Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xue He
- Heilongjiang Jiren Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hua Li
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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10
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Zhang Y, Chen JC, Zheng JH, Cheng YZ, Weng WP, Zhong RL, Sun SL, Shi YS, Pan XD. Pterosin B improves cognitive dysfunction by promoting microglia M1/M2 polarization through inhibiting Klf5/Parp14 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 135:156152. [PMID: 39413455 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pterosin B (PB) exhibits strong neuroprotective effects in vitro, but its therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism on Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain elusive. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the anti-AD effect and mechanism of PB. STUDY DESIGN The therapeutic effect and mechanism of PB were investigated in APP/PS1 mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 cells. METHODS After 8 weeks of oral administration of PB or donepezil, the cognitive function was assessed using behavioral tests. Pathological damage was evaluated using histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Flow cytometry was applied to detect M1/M2 polarization. The expression levels of glycolysis- and oxidative phosphorylation-related proteins as well as enzyme activities were determined using Western blot and biochemical kits, respectively. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and Kruppel-like factor 5 (Klf5) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AD biomarkers in serum were analyzed using single-molecular array. RNA sequencing identified the downstream molecules of Klf5, and interaction was evaluated using dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that PB effectively ameliorated cognitive impairment and reduced pathological damage in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, PB facilitated the transition of the phenotype of LPS-induced BV-2 cells from M1 to M2 by modulating metabolic reprogramming. Additionally, Klf5 had high expression levels in the serum of patients with AD, which strongly correlated with cognitive performance and AD biomarkers. PB downregulated Klf5 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, poly-ADP ribosyl polymerase 14 (Parp14) was identified as a downstream molecule of Klf5 involved in regulating metabolic reprogramming, and PB regulated microglia M1/M2 polarization by inhibiting the Klf5/Parp14 pathway. CONCLUSION The findings suggested that PB ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in AD by modulating microglia M1/M2 polarization via inhibiting Klf5/Parp14 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Ji-Cong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jia-Hao Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Clinical Research Center for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Ying-Zhe Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Clinical Research Center for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Wei-Pin Weng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Clinical Research Center for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Rong-Ling Zhong
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Sheng-Lu Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Shi
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; Clinical Research Center for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350001, China.
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11
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Xing D, Zhang W, Liu Y, Huang H, Xie J. Genes related to microglia polarization and immune infiltration in Alzheimer's Disease. Mamm Genome 2024:10.1007/s00335-024-10073-0. [PMID: 39390284 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-024-10073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) remains a significant challenge due to its complex etiology and socio-economic burden. In this study, we investigated the roles of macrophage polarization-related hub genes in AD pathology, focusing on their impact on immune infiltration and gene regulation in distinct brain regions. Using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE110226 (choroid plexus) and GSE1297 (hippocampal CA1), we identified key genes-EDN1, HHLA2, KL, TREM2, and WWTR1-associated with AD mechanisms and immune responses. Based on these findings, we developed a diagnostic model demonstrating favorable calibration and clinical applicability. Furthermore, we explored molecular interactions within mRNA-transcription factor and mRNA-miRNA regulatory networks, providing deeper insights into AD progression and identifying potential therapeutic targets. The novel identification of WWTR1 and HHLA2 as biomarkers expands the diagnostic toolkit for AD, offering new perspectives on the disease's underlying immune dynamics. However, external dataset validation and further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to confirm these results and their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianxia Xing
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404100, China.
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Junjie Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404100, China
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12
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Nikodemova M, Oberto JR, Kaye EL, Berschel MR, Michaelson AL, Watters JJ, Mitchell GS. Acute postnatal inflammation alters adult microglial responses to LPS that are sex-, region- and timing of postnatal inflammation-dependent. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:256. [PMID: 39390483 PMCID: PMC11465935 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse events in early life can have impact lasting into adulthood. We investigated the long-term effects of systemic inflammation during postnatal development on adult microglial responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in two CNS regions (cortex, cervical spinal cord) in male and female rats. METHODS Inflammation was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by LPS (1 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally during postnatal development at P7, P12 or P18. As adults (12 weeks of age), the rats received a second LPS dose (1 mg/kg). Control rats received saline. Microglia were isolated 3 h post-LPS followed by gene expression analysis via qRT-PCR for pro-inflammatory (IL-6, iNOS, Ptgs2, C/EBPb, CD14, CXCL10), anti-inflammatory (CD68, Arg-1), and homeostatic genes (P2Y12, Tmemm119). CSF-1 and CX3CL1 mRNAs were analyzed in microglia-free homogenates. RESULTS Basal gene expression in adult microglia was largely unaffected by postnatal inflammation. Adult cortical microglial pro-inflammatory gene responses to LPS were either unchanged or attenuated in rats exposed to LPS during postnatal development. Ptgs2, C/EBPb, CXCL10 and Arg-1 were the most affected genes, with expression significantly downregulated vs. rats without postnatal LPS. Spinal microglia were affected most by LPS at P18, with mixed and sometimes opposing effects on proinflammatory genes in males vs. females. Overall, male cortical vs. spinal microglia were more affected by postnatal LPS. Females were affected in both cortex and spinal cord, but the effect was dependent on timing of postnatal LPS. Overall, inflammatory challenge at P18 had greater effect on adult microglia vs. challenge at P12 or P7. CONCLUSIONS Long-lasting effects of postnatal inflammation on adult microglia depend on postnatal timing, CNS region and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nikodemova
- Breathing Research and Therapeutic Center, Department of Physical Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Jose R Oberto
- Breathing Research and Therapeutic Center, Department of Physical Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ethan L Kaye
- Breathing Research and Therapeutic Center, Department of Physical Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mackenzie R Berschel
- Breathing Research and Therapeutic Center, Department of Physical Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Alysha L Michaelson
- Breathing Research and Therapeutic Center, Department of Physical Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jyoti J Watters
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Gordon S Mitchell
- Breathing Research and Therapeutic Center, Department of Physical Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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13
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Kim RE, Mabunga DF, Boo KJ, Kim DH, Han SH, Shin CY, Kwon KJ. GSP1-111 Modulates the Microglial M1/M2 Phenotype by Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor 2: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10594. [PMID: 39408923 PMCID: PMC11476561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders, and microglia and astrocytes chiefly modulate inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS). Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the CNS, are critical for innate immune responses; microglial TLRs can regulate the activity of these cells, inducing protective or harmful effects on the surrounding cells, including neurons. Therefore, regulating TLRs in microglia may be a potential therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders. We examined the protective effects of GSP1-111, a novel synthetic peptide for inhibiting TLR signaling, on neuroinflammation and depression-like behavior. GSP1-111 decreased TLR2 expression and remarkably reduced the mRNA expression of inflammatory M1-phenotype markers, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, while elevating that of the M2 phenotype markers, Arg-1 and IL-10. In vivo, GSP1-111 administration significantly decreased the depression-like behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a forced swim test and significantly reduced the brain levels of M1-specific inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6). GSP1-111 prevented the LPS-induced microglial activation and TLR2 expression in the brain. Accordingly, GSP1-111 prevented inflammatory responses and induced microglial switching of the inflammatory M1 phenotype to the protective M2 phenotype. Thus, GSP1-111 could prevent depression-like behavior by inhibiting TLR2. Taken together, our results suggest that the TLR2 pathway is a promising therapeutic target for depression, and GSP1-111 could be a novel therapeutic candidate for various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeong-Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (R.-E.K.); (D.F.M.); (K.-J.B.); (D.H.K.); (C.Y.S.)
| | - Darine Froy Mabunga
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (R.-E.K.); (D.F.M.); (K.-J.B.); (D.H.K.); (C.Y.S.)
| | - Kyung-Jun Boo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (R.-E.K.); (D.F.M.); (K.-J.B.); (D.H.K.); (C.Y.S.)
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (R.-E.K.); (D.F.M.); (K.-J.B.); (D.H.K.); (C.Y.S.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seol-Heui Han
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk Hospital Medical Center, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (R.-E.K.); (D.F.M.); (K.-J.B.); (D.H.K.); (C.Y.S.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (R.-E.K.); (D.F.M.); (K.-J.B.); (D.H.K.); (C.Y.S.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
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14
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Huang L, Li X, Li Z, Zhu H, Han Y, Zeng J, Wen M, Zeng H. PD-1 mediates microglia polarization via the MAPK signaling pathway to protect blood-brain barrier function during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Brain Res Bull 2024; 216:111055. [PMID: 39173779 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia is characterized by its rapid onset and high rates of recurrence, morbidity, and mortality, with blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability playing a vital role in brain injury. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanism which regulates the BBB during cerebral ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and an in vivo model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) were constructed. PD-1 overexpression vectors and vectors containing si-RNA were transfected and injected into in vitro and in vivo models. Western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunofluorescence (IF) analysis, and immunohistochemical staining were employed to evaluate the expression levels of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), microglia M1 and M2 biomarkers, and tight junction proteins. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to measure the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The BBB permeability of brain tissues was evaluated by Evans blue dye (EBD) extravasation and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Brain water content was measured to assess the extent of inflammatory exudation. The infarct volume and neurological severity score (NSS) were used to assess the severity of brain injury. Brain cell apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL assay and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS PD-1 helped to convert the microglia M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype and to reduce BBB permeability both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of PD-1 promoted a shift of the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype and reduced BBB permeability via the ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. PD-1 reduced inflammatory exudation, BBB permeability, cell apoptosis, and brain injury in vivo. CONCLUSION Our present study verified that PD-1 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by converting the microglia M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype, reducing BBB permeability, and thereby relieves brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia. PD-1 is potential therapeutic target for brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiang Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Xinping Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Huishan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Yongli Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Juhao Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Miaoyun Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Hongke Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China.
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15
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Olejnik P, Roszkowska Z, Adamus S, Kasarełło K. Multiple sclerosis: a narrative overview of current pharmacotherapies and emerging treatment prospects. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:926-943. [PMID: 39177889 PMCID: PMC11387431 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by pathological processes of demyelination, subsequent axonal loss, and neurodegeneration within the central nervous system. Despite the availability of numerous disease-modifying therapies that effectively manage this condition, there is an emerging need to identify novel therapeutic targets, particularly for progressive forms of MS. Based on contemporary insights into disease pathophysiology, ongoing efforts are directed toward developing innovative treatment modalities. Primarily, monoclonal antibodies have been extensively investigated for their efficacy in influencing specific pathological pathways not yet targeted. Emerging approaches emphasizing cellular mechanisms, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy targeting immunological cells, are attracting increasing interest. The evolving understanding of microglia and the involvement of ferroptotic mechanisms in MS pathogenesis presents further avenues for targeted therapies. Moreover, innovative treatment strategies extend beyond conventional approaches to encompass interventions that target alterations in microbiota composition and dietary modifications. These adjunctive therapies hold promise as complementary methods for the holistic management of MS. This narrative review aims to summarize current therapies and outline potential treatment methods for individuals with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Olejnik
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Roszkowska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Adamus
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kaja Kasarełło
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Pramanik S, Devi M H, Chakrabarty S, Paylar B, Pradhan A, Thaker M, Ayyadhury S, Manavalan A, Olsson PE, Pramanik G, Heese K. Microglia signaling in health and disease - Implications in sex-specific brain development and plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 165:105834. [PMID: 39084583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the intrinsic neuroimmune cells residing in the central nervous system (CNS), exert a pivotal influence on brain development, homeostasis, and functionality, encompassing critical roles during both aging and pathological states. Recent advancements in comprehending brain plasticity and functions have spotlighted conspicuous variances between male and female brains, notably in neurogenesis, neuronal myelination, axon fasciculation, and synaptogenesis. Nevertheless, the precise impact of microglia on sex-specific brain cell plasticity, sculpting diverse neural network architectures and circuits, remains largely unexplored. This article seeks to unravel the present understanding of microglial involvement in brain development, plasticity, and function, with a specific emphasis on microglial signaling in brain sex polymorphism. Commencing with an overview of microglia in the CNS and their associated signaling cascades, we subsequently probe recent revelations regarding molecular signaling by microglia in sex-dependent brain developmental plasticity, functions, and diseases. Notably, C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), calcium (Ca2+), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) emerge as molecular candidates significantly contributing to sex-dependent brain development and plasticity. In conclusion, we address burgeoning inquiries surrounding microglia's pivotal role in the functional diversity of developing and aging brains, contemplating their potential implications for gender-tailored therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pramanik
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Harini Devi M
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Saswata Chakrabarty
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Berkay Paylar
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Manisha Thaker
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Inc., 2425 New Holland Pike, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA
| | - Shamini Ayyadhury
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Arulmani Manavalan
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Per-Erik Olsson
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Gopal Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India.
| | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133791, the Republic of Korea.
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17
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Lin H, Sasaki K, Ferdousi F, Isoda H. Comparison of Neurogenesis Promotion Effects between Cinnamoylquinic Acids in Neural Stem Cells from Adult Mice Brains. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15. [PMID: 39348888 PMCID: PMC11487612 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) and feruloylquinic acids (FQAs), as cinnamoylquinic acids, have neurogenesis promotion effects. We studied for the first time the neurogenesis-enhancing effect of 3,4,5-tri-feruloylquinic acid (TFQA) compared to 3,4,5-tri-caffeoylquinic acid (TCQA), which has a similar structure, and explored their different cellular and molecular mechanisms in neural stem cells (NSCs) of mice brains. After 2 weeks of incubation, we first assessed the number and size of NSCs in TCQA and TFQA treatments. In NSCs treated for TCQA and TFQA, the NSC proliferation gene expression as well as neuronal and glial cell differentiation gene expressions improved. In the microarray assay, the erythroblastic oncogene B (ErbB) signaling pathway, as the common signaling of TCQA and TFQA treatments, was focused on and discussed. In our study, TCQA and TFQA treatments in NSCs showed a significant performance on improving synapse growth and neurogenesis compared with no treatment of NSCs. The two treatments in NSCs also had a significant activation of the ErbB signaling pathway, protein kinase B (AKT), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinases. In particular, the TCQA-expressed proliferation gene myelocytomatosis oncogene (Myc) had the greatest connections significantly. TFQA treatment remarkably regulated the differentiation gene jun proto-oncogene (Jun), which was the gene with greatest direct relations, while Myc was also induced in TFQA treatment. In the overall quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, TFQA had more outstanding neural proliferation and differentiation capabilities than TCQA in NSCs. Our study suggests that TFQA has greater therapeutic potential in neurogenesis promotion and neurodegenerative diseases compared with TCQA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Lin
- Tsukuba
Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sasaki
- Alliance
for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Open
Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering
(FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Tsukuba
Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Alliance
for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Faculty
of Life and Environmental Sciences, University
of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Tsukuba
Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Alliance
for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Open
Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering
(FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Faculty
of Life and Environmental Sciences, University
of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
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18
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Wang L, Yuan X, Cai Q, Chen Y, Jia Z, Mai Q, Liu J, Liu Y. Mitochondria-targeting Cu 2-xSe-TPP with dual enzyme activity alleviates Alzheimer's disease by modulating oxidative stress. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 245:114244. [PMID: 39366108 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in microglia has been implicated as a key pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neuroinflammation caused by mitochondrial oxidative stress are important factors leading to neuronal death in AD. Herein, a "dual brake" strategy to synergistically halt mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation targeting mitochondria in microglia is proposed. To achieve this goal, (3-carboxypropyl) triphenyl-phosphonium bromide (TPP)-modified Cu2-xSe nanozymes (Cu2-xSe-TPP NPs) with dual enzyme-like activities was designed. Cu2-xSe-TPP NPs with superoxide dismutase-mimetic (SOD) and catalase-mimetic (CAT) activities can effectively scavenge ROS in the mitochondria of microglia and relieve mitochondrial oxidative stress. In vivo studies demonstrated that Cu2-xSe-TPP NPs can alleviate oxidative stress and promote neuroprotection in the hippocampus of AD model mice. In addition, Cu2-xSe-TPP NPs can regulate the polarization of microglia from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, promote Aβ phagocytosis and reshape the AD inflammatory microenvironment, thus effectively attenuating AD neuropathology and rescuing cognitive deficits in AD model mice. Taken together, this strategy preventing mitochondrial damage and remodeling the inflammatory microenvironment will provide a new perspective for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Wang
- Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China; College of Chemistry and Materials Science of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qianyu Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhi Jia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiongmei Mai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yanan Liu
- Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China.
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19
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Huang SC, Huang HC, Liao WL, Kao ST, Cheng CY. Neuroprotective effects of Gastrodia elata Blume on promoting M2 microglial polarization by inhibiting JNK/TLR4/T3JAM/NF-κB signaling after transient ischemic stroke in rats. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1469602. [PMID: 39391701 PMCID: PMC11465390 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1469602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrodia elata Blume, also called Tian Ma (TM), has been used to treat stroke for centuries. However, its effects on inflammation in acute cerebral ischemic injury and underlying mechanisms involved in microglial polarization remain unknown. The present study explored the effects of the TM extract on the modulation of microglial M1/M2 polarization 2 days after transient cerebral ischemia. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were intracerebroventricularly administered with 1% dimethyl sulfoxide 25 min before cerebral ischemia and subsequently intraperitoneally administered 0.25 g/kg (DO + TM-0.25 g), 0.5 g/kg (DO + TM-0.5 g), or 1 g/kg (DO + TM-1 g) of the TM extract after cerebral ischemia onset. Results DO + TM-0.5 g and DO + TM-1 g treatments downregulated the following: phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK)/JNK, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), TRAF3-interacting JNK-activating modulator (T3JAM), p-nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (p-NF-κB p65)/NF-κB p65, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), CD86, TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 expression and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/Iba1, CD86/Iba1, and p-NF-κB p65/Iba1 coexpression. These treatments also upregulated IL-10, nerve growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor A expression and YM-1/2/Iba1 and IL-10/neuronal nuclei coexpression in the cortical ischemic rim. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 exerted similar treatment effects as the DO + TM-0.5 g and DO + TM-1 g treatments. Conclusion DO + TM-0.5 g and DO + TM-1 g/kg treatments attenuate cerebral infarction by inhibiting JNK-mediated signaling. TM likely exerts the neuroprotective effects of promoting M1 to M2 microglial polarization by inhibiting JNK/TLR4/T3JAM/NF-κB-mediated signaling in the cortical ischemic rim 2 days after transient cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Chih Huang
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Liao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yi Cheng
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Zubareva OE, Kharisova AR, Roginskaya AI, Kovalenko AA, Zakharova MV, Schwarz AP, Sinyak DS, Zaitsev AV. PPARβ/δ Agonist GW0742 Modulates Microglial and Astroglial Gene Expression in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10015. [PMID: 39337503 PMCID: PMC11432388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of astroglial and microglial cells in the pathogenesis of epilepsy is currently under active investigation. It has been proposed that the activity of these cells may be regulated by the agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptors (PPARs). This study investigated the effects of a seven-day treatment with the PPAR β/δ agonist GW0742 (Fitorine, 5 mg/kg/day) on the behavior and gene expression of the astroglial and microglial proteins involved in the regulation of epileptogenesis in the rat brain within a lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). TLE resulted in decreased social and increased locomotor activity in the rats, increased expression of astro- and microglial activation marker genes (Gfap, Aif1), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes (Tnfa, Il1b, Il1rn), and altered expression of other microglial (Nlrp3, Arg1) and astroglial (Lcn2, S100a10) genes in the dorsal hippocampus and cerebral cortex. GW0742 attenuated, but did not completely block, some of these impairments. Specifically, the treatment affected Gfap gene expression in the dorsal hippocampus and Aif1 gene expression in the cortex. The GW0742 injections attenuated the TLE-specific enhancement of Nlrp3 and Il1rn gene expression in the cortex. These results suggest that GW0742 may affect the expression of some genes involved in the regulation of epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aleksey V. Zaitsev
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Neural Interactions, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (O.E.Z.); (A.R.K.); (A.I.R.); (A.A.K.); (M.V.Z.); (A.P.S.); (D.S.S.)
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21
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Park JM, Park JE, Park JS, Leem YH, Kim DY, Hyun JW, Kim HS. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of coniferaldehyde in lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation: Involvement of AMPK/Nrf2 and TAK1/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176850. [PMID: 39059571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are primarily involved in inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress in the brain; as such reducing microglial activation has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of coniferaldehyde (CFA), a naturally occurring cinnamaldehyde derivative, on activated microglia to evaluate its therapeutic potential. CFA inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. CFA also inhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and oxidative stress markers such as 4-HNE and 8-OHdG. Detailed mechanistic studies showed that CFA exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting TAK1-mediated MAP kinase/NF-κB activation and upregulating AMPK signaling pathways. In addition, CFA exerted antioxidant effects by inhibiting the NADPH oxidase subunits and by increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1, NQO1, and catalase by upregulating Nrf2 signaling. Finally, we confirmed the effects of CFA on the brains of the LPS-injected mice. CFA inhibited microglial activation and the expression of proinflammatory markers and increased Nrf2-driven antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, CFA inhibited the production of 4-HNE and 8-OHdG in the brains of LPS-injected mice. As a result, CFA's significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may have therapeutic applications in neuroinflammatory disorders related with oxidative stress and microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yea-Hyun Leem
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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22
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Liu E, Zhang Y, Wang JZ. Updates in Alzheimer's disease: from basic research to diagnosis and therapies. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:45. [PMID: 39232848 PMCID: PMC11373277 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized pathologically by extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) into senile plaques and intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) as neurofibrillary tangles. Clinically, AD patients show memory deterioration with varying cognitive dysfunctions. The exact molecular mechanisms underlying AD are still not fully understood, and there are no efficient drugs to stop or reverse the disease progression. In this review, we first provide an update on how the risk factors, including APOE variants, infections and inflammation, contribute to AD; how Aβ and tau become abnormally accumulated and how this accumulation plays a role in AD neurodegeneration. Then we summarize the commonly used experimental models, diagnostic and prediction strategies, and advances in periphery biomarkers from high-risk populations for AD. Finally, we introduce current status of development of disease-modifying drugs, including the newly officially approved Aβ vaccines, as well as novel and promising strategies to target the abnormal pTau. Together, this paper was aimed to update AD research progress from fundamental mechanisms to the clinical diagnosis and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjie Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Endocrine, Liyuan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China.
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23
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Theophanous S, Sargiannidou I, Kleopa KA. Glial Cells as Key Regulators in Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms Associated with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9588. [PMID: 39273535 PMCID: PMC11395575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Even though several highly effective treatments have been developed for multiple sclerosis (MS), the underlying pathological mechanisms and drivers of the disease have not been fully elucidated. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying neuroinflammation in the context of glial cell involvement as there is increasing evidence of their central role in disease progression. Although glial cell communication and proper function underlies brain homeostasis and maintenance, their multiple effects in an MS brain remain complex and controversial. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the contribution of glial cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia in the pathology of MS during both the activation and orchestration of inflammatory mechanisms, as well as of their synergistic effects during the repair and restoration of function. Additionally, we discuss how the understanding of glial cell involvement in MS may provide new therapeutic targets either to limit disease progression or to facilitate repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Theophanous
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Irene Sargiannidou
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kleopas A Kleopa
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
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24
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Kostic M, Zivkovic N, Cvetanovic A, Basic J, Stojanovic I. Dissecting the immune response of CD4 + T cells in Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2024:revneuro-2024-0090. [PMID: 39238424 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques is a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, these pathological aggregates can also be found in the brains of cognitively unimpaired elderly population. In that context, individual variations in the Aβ-specific immune response could be key factors that determine the level of Aβ-induced neuroinflammation and thus the propensity to develop AD. CD4+ T cells are the cornerstone of the immune response that coordinate the effector functions of both adaptive and innate immunity. However, despite intensive research efforts, the precise role of these cells during AD pathogenesis is still not fully elucidated. Both pathogenic and beneficial effects have been observed in various animal models of AD, as well as in humans with AD. Although this functional duality of CD4+ T cells in AD can be simply attributed to the vast phenotype heterogeneity of this cell lineage, disease stage-specific effect have also been proposed. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the current understanding of the role of CD4+ T cells in the pathophysiology of AD, from the aspect of their antigen specificity, activation, and phenotype characteristics. Such knowledge is of practical importance as it paves the way for immunomodulation as a therapeutic option for AD treatment, given that currently available therapies have not yielded satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Kostic
- Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty of Nis, University of Nis, Blvd. dr Zorana Djindjica 81, Nis, 18000, Serbia
| | - Nikola Zivkovic
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Nis, University of Nis, Blvd. dr Zorana Djindjica 81, Nis, 18000, Serbia
| | - Ana Cvetanovic
- Department of Oncology, Medical Faculty of Nis, University of Nis, Blvd. dr Zorana Djindjica 81, Nis, 18000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Basic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty of Nis, University of Nis, Blvd. dr Zorana Djindjica 81, Nis, 18000, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stojanovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty of Nis, University of Nis, Blvd. dr Zorana Djindjica 81, Nis, 18000, Serbia
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25
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Barbalace MC, Freschi M, Rinaldi I, Zallocco L, Malaguti M, Manera C, Ortore G, Zuccarini M, Ronci M, Cuffaro D, Macchia M, Hrelia S, Giusti L, Digiacomo M, Angeloni C. Unraveling the Protective Role of Oleocanthal and Its Oxidation Product, Oleocanthalic Acid, against Neuroinflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1074. [PMID: 39334733 PMCID: PMC11428454 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a critical aspect of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. This study investigates the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of oleocanthal and its oxidation product, oleocanthalic acid, using the BV-2 cell line activated with lipopolysaccharide. Our findings revealed that oleocanthal significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced the expression of inflammatory genes, counteracted oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide, and increased cell phagocytic activity. Conversely, oleocanthalic acid was not able to counteract lipopolysaccharide-induced activation. The docking analysis revealed a plausible interaction of oleocanthal, with both CD14 and MD-2 leading to a potential interference with TLR4 signaling. Since our data show that oleocanthal only partially reduces the lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of NF-kB, its action as a TLR4 antagonist alone cannot explain its remarkable effect against neuroinflammation. Proteomic analysis revealed that oleocanthal counteracts the LPS modulation of 31 proteins, including significant targets such as gelsolin, clathrin, ACOD1, and four different isoforms of 14-3-3 protein, indicating new potential molecular targets of the compound. In conclusion, oleocanthal, but not oleocanthalic acid, mitigates neuroinflammation through multiple mechanisms, highlighting a pleiotropic action that is particularly important in the context of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Michela Freschi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Irene Rinaldi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zallocco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | | | | | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- COIIM-Interuniversitary Consortium for Engineering and Medicine, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Doretta Cuffaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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26
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Fairley LH, Lai KO, Grimm A, Eckert A, Barron AM. The mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) in Alzheimer's disease: Therapeutic and immunomodulatory functions. Biochimie 2024; 224:120-131. [PMID: 38971458 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The translocator protein (TSPO) has been widely investigated as a PET-imaging biomarker of neuroinflammation and, more recently, as a therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. TSPO ligands have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in vivo and in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), by reducing toxic beta amyloid peptides, and attenuating brain atrophy. Recent transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, and the generation of TSPO-KO mice, have enabled new insights into the mechanistic function of TSPO in AD. Using a multi-omics approach in both TSPO-KO- and TSPO ligand-treated mice, we have demonstrated a key role for TSPO in microglial respiratory metabolism and phagocytosis in AD. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence for therapeutic and immunomodulatory functions of TSPO in AD, and new tools for studying TSPO in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H Fairley
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Kei Onn Lai
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Amandine Grimm
- Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna M Barron
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
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27
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Napoli D, Orsini N, Salamone G, Calvello MA, Capsoni S, Cattaneo A, Strettoi E. Human NGF "Painless" Ocular Delivery for Retinitis Pigmentosa: An In Vivo Study. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0096-24.2024. [PMID: 39293937 PMCID: PMC11412101 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0096-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a family of genetically heterogeneous diseases still without a cure. Despite the causative genetic mutation typically not expressed in cone photoreceptors, these cells inevitably degenerate following the primary death of rods, causing blindness. The reasons for the "bystander" degeneration of cones are presently unknown but decrement of survival factors, oxidative stress, and inflammation all play a role. Targeting these generalized biological processes represents a strategy to develop mutation-agnostic therapies for saving vision in large populations of RP individuals. A classical method to support neuronal survival is by employing neurotrophic factors, such as NGF. This study uses painless human NGF (hNGFp), a TrkA receptor-biased variant of the native molecule with lower affinity for nociceptors and limited activity as a pain inducer; the molecule has identical neurotrophic power of the native form but a reduced affinity for the p75NTR receptors, known to trigger apoptosis. hNGFp has a recognized activity on brain microglial cells, which are induced to a phenotype switch from a highly activated to a more homeostatic configuration. hNGFp was administered to RP-like mice in vivo with the aim of decreasing retinal inflammation and also providing retinal neuroprotection. However, the ability of this treatment to counteract the bystander degeneration of cones remained limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Napoli
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Pisa 56124, Italy
- Regional Doctorate School in Neuroscience, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Noemi Orsini
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Pisa 56124, Italy
- Regional Doctorate School in Neuroscience, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Simona Capsoni
- Section of Human Physiology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Rita Levi-Montalcini European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Roma 00161, Italy
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28
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Pecorella G, De Rosa F, Licchelli M, Panese G, Carugno JT, Morciano A, Tinelli A. Postoperative cognitive disorders and delirium in gynecologic surgery: Which surgery and anesthetic techniques to use to reduce the risk? Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 166:954-968. [PMID: 38557928 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite their general good health, an increasing proportion of elderly individuals require surgery due to an increase in average lifespan. However, because of their increased vulnerability, these patients need to be handled carefully to make sure that surgery does not cause more harm than good. Age-related postoperative cognitive disorders (POCD) and postoperative delirium (POD), two serious consequences that are marked by adverse neuropsychologic alterations after surgery, are particularly dangerous for the elderly. In the context of gynecologic procedures, POCD and POD are examined in this narrative review. The main question is how to limit the rates of POCD and POD in older women undergoing gynecologic procedures by maximizing the risk-benefit balance. Three crucial endpoints are considered: (1) surgical procedures to lower the rates of POCD and POD, (2) anesthetic techniques to lessen the occurrence and (3) the identification of individuals at high risk for post-surgery cognitive impairments. Risks associated with laparoscopic gynecologic procedures include the Trendelenburg posture and CO2 exposure during pneumoperitoneum, despite statistical similarities in POD and POCD frequency between laparoscopic and laparotomy techniques. Numerous risk factors are associated with surgical interventions, such as blood loss, length of operation, and position holding, all of which reduce the chance of complications when they are minimized. In order to emphasize the essential role that anesthesia and surgery play in patient care, anesthesiologists are vital in making sure that anesthesia is given as sparingly and quickly as feasible. In addition, people who are genetically predisposed to POCD may be more susceptible to the disorder. The significance of a thorough strategy combining surgical and anesthetic concerns is highlighted in this article, in order to maximize results for senior patients having gynecologic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pecorella
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproduction Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Filippo De Rosa
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, and CERICSAL (CEntro di RIcerca Clinico SALentino), "Veris delli Ponti Hospital", Scorrano, Lecce, Italy
| | - Martina Licchelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and CERICSAL (CEntro di RIcerca Clinico SALentino), "Veris delli Ponti Hospital", Scorrano, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gaetano Panese
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and CERICSAL (CEntro di RIcerca Clinico SALentino), "Veris delli Ponti Hospital", Scorrano, Lecce, Italy
| | - Josè Tony Carugno
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Minimally Invasive Gynecology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Andrea Morciano
- Panico Pelvic Floor Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pia Fondazione "Card. G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Tinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and CERICSAL (CEntro di RIcerca Clinico SALentino), "Veris delli Ponti Hospital", Scorrano, Lecce, Italy
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Ulger O, Eş I, Proctor CM, Algin O. Stroke studies in large animals: Prospects of mitochondrial transplantation and enhancing efficiency using hydrogels and nanoparticle-assisted delivery. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102469. [PMID: 39191353 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
One of the most frequent reasons for mortality and disability today is acute ischemic stroke, which occurs by an abrupt disruption of cerebral circulation. The intricate damage mechanism involves several factors, such as inflammatory response, disturbance of ion balance, loss of energy production, excessive reactive oxygen species and glutamate release, and finally, neuronal death. Stroke research is now carried out using several experimental models and potential therapeutics. Furthermore, studies are being conducted to address the shortcomings of clinical care. A great deal of research is being done on novel pharmacological drugs, mitochondria targeting compounds, and different approaches including brain cooling and new technologies. Still, there are many unanswered questions about disease modeling and treatment strategies. Before these new approaches may be used in therapeutic settings, they must first be tested on large animals, as most of them have been done on rodents. However, there are several limitations to large animal stroke models used for research. In this review, the damage mechanisms in acute ischemic stroke and experimental acute ischemic stroke models are addressed. The current treatment approaches and promising experimental methods such as mitochondrial transplantation, hydrogel-based interventions, and strategies like mitochondria encapsulation and chemical modification, are also examined in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oner Ulger
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 06010, Turkiye; Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 06010, Turkiye.
| | - Ismail Eş
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Christopher M Proctor
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Oktay Algin
- Interventional MR Clinical R&D Institute, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkiye; Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkiye; National MR Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkiye
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Song Y, Luo X, Yao L, Chen Y, Mao X. A Novel Mechanism Linking Melatonin, Ferroptosis and Microglia Polarization via the Circodz3/HuR Axis in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2556-2572. [PMID: 38888828 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is life-threatening bleeding into the subarachnoid space that causes brain damage. Growing evidence has suggested that melatonin provides neuroprotection following SAH. Exploring the mechanisms underlying melatonin-mediated neuroprotection contributes to its clinical application in SAH. The plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected from SAH patients, and SAH mice were established via pre-chiasmatic injection. Circodz3 expression, levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, brain water content, neurological and beam-waling scores were determined. Ferroptosis was evaluated by analyzing levels of iron, lipid ROS, MDA, and GSH. The colocalization of circodz3 and Iba-1 was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Interaction of circodz3 and HuR was determined with RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Herein, we found that circodz3 was highly abundant in SAH patients and mice. Colocalization of circodz3 and Iba-1 in the left hemisphere of SAH mice suggested the implication of circodz3 in regulating microglia activation following SAH. Melatonin alleviated brain edema, neurological impairment, and microglia activation and inhibited circodz3 expression in SAH mice. Moreover, melatonin inhibited M1 polarization, oxidative stress and ferroptosis and restrained circodz3 expression in primary microglia following SAH. These effects were abrogated by circodz3 overexpression. Circodz3 knockdown inhibited ferroptosis and M1 polarization of BV2 microglia after SAH. Circodz3 interacted with HuR to facilitate β-Trcp1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation, thus restraining the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4. Collectively, melatonin exerted neuroprotection following SAH via inhibiting ferroptosis and M1 polarization through the circodz3/HuR axis. Our study suggests potential application of melatonin in the treatment of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Song
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Changsha, No.176 Laodong West Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Changsha, No.176 Laodong West Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Yao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Changsha, No.176 Laodong West Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - YingChao Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Changsha, No.176 Laodong West Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfa Mao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Changsha, No.176 Laodong West Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Navabi SP, Badreh F, Khombi Shooshtari M, Hajipour S, Moradi Vastegani S, Khoshnam SE. Microglia-induced neuroinflammation in hippocampal neurogenesis following traumatic brain injury. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35869. [PMID: 39220913 PMCID: PMC11365414 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most causes of death and disability among people, leading to a wide range of neurological deficits. The important process of neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which includes the production, maturation and integration of new neurons, is affected by TBI due to microglia activation and the inflammatory response. During brain development, microglia are involved in forming or removing synapses, regulating the number of neurons, and repairing damage. However, in response to injury, activated microglia release a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and other neurotoxic mediators that exacerbate post-TBI injury. These microglia-related changes can negatively affect hippocampal neurogenesis and disrupt learning and memory processes. To date, the intracellular signaling pathways that trigger microglia activation following TBI, as well as the effects of microglia on hippocampal neurogenesis, are poorly understood. In this review article, we discuss the effects of microglia-induced neuroinflammation on hippocampal neurogenesis following TBI, as well as the intracellular signaling pathways of microglia activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Parisa Navabi
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Khombi Shooshtari
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hajipour
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Moradi Vastegani
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Rowe CJ, Nwaolu U, Martin L, Huang BJ, Mang J, Salinas D, Schlaff CD, Ghenbot S, Lansford JL, Potter BK, Schobel SA, Gann ER, Davis TA. Systemic inflammation following traumatic injury and its impact on neuroinflammatory gene expression in the rodent brain. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:211. [PMID: 39198925 PMCID: PMC11360339 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma can result in systemic inflammation that leads to organ dysfunction, but the impact on the brain, particularly following extracranial insults, has been largely overlooked. METHODS Building upon our prior findings, we aimed to understand the impact of systemic inflammation on neuroinflammatory gene transcripts in eight brain regions in rats exposed to (1) blast overpressure exposure [BOP], (2) cutaneous thermal injury [BU], (3) complex extremity injury, 3 hours (h) of tourniquet-induced ischemia, and hind limb amputation [CEI+tI+HLA], (4) BOP+BU or (5) BOP+CEI and delayed HLA [BOP+CEI+dHLA] at 6, 24, and 168 h post-injury (hpi). RESULTS Globally, the number and magnitude of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) correlated with injury severity, systemic inflammation markers, and end-organ damage, driven by several chemokines/cytokines (Csf3, Cxcr2, Il16, and Tgfb2), neurosteroids/prostaglandins (Cyp19a1, Ptger2, and Ptger3), and markers of neurodegeneration (Gfap, Grin2b, and Homer1). Regional neuroinflammatory activity was least impacted following BOP. Non-blast trauma (in the BU and CEI+tI+HLA groups) contributed to an earlier, robust and diverse neuroinflammatory response across brain regions (up to 2-50-fold greater than that in the BOP group), while combined trauma (in the BOP+CEI+dHLA group) significantly advanced neuroinflammation in all regions except for the cerebellum. In contrast, BOP+BU resulted in differential activity of several critical neuroinflammatory-neurodegenerative markers compared to BU. t-SNE plots of DEGs demonstrated that the onset, extent, and duration of the inflammatory response are brain region dependent. Regardless of injury type, the thalamus and hypothalamus, which are critical for maintaining homeostasis, had the most DEGs. Our results indicate that neuroinflammation in all groups progressively increased or remained at peak levels over the study duration, while markers of end-organ dysfunction decreased or otherwise resolved. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings emphasize the brain's sensitivity to mediators of systemic inflammation and provide an example of immune-brain crosstalk. Follow-on molecular and behavioral investigations are warranted to understand the short- to long-term pathophysiological consequences on the brain, particularly the mechanism of blood-brain barrier breakdown, immune cell penetration-activation, and microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie J Rowe
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Building A Room 3009E, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Uloma Nwaolu
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Building A Room 3009E, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Martin
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Building A Room 3009E, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Service University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin J Huang
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Building A Room 3009E, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Service University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josef Mang
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Building A Room 3009E, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Service University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Salinas
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Building A Room 3009E, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cody D Schlaff
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Building A Room 3009E, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Sennay Ghenbot
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Building A Room 3009E, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jefferson L Lansford
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Building A Room 3009E, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Benjamin K Potter
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Building A Room 3009E, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Service University, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seth A Schobel
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric R Gann
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas A Davis
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Building A Room 3009E, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Service University, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Salama RM, Darwish SF, Yehia R, Eissa N, Elmongy NF, Abd-Elgalil MM, Schaalan MF, El Wakeel SA. Apilarnil exerts neuroprotective effects and alleviates motor dysfunction by rebalancing M1/M2 microglia polarization, regulating miR-155 and miR-124 expression in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112536. [PMID: 38909495 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Microglial activation contributes to the neuropathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Inhibiting M1 while simultaneously boosting M2 microglia activation may therefore be a potential treatment for PD. Apilarnil (API) is a bee product produced from drone larvae. Recent research has demonstrated the protective effects of API on multiple body systems. Nevertheless, its impact on PD or the microglial M1/M2 pathway has not yet been investigated. Thus, we intended to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of API in rotenone (ROT)-induced PD rat model and explore the role of M1/M2 in mediating its effect. Seventy-two Wistar rats were equally grouped as; control, API, ROT, and groups in which API (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, p.o.) was given simultaneously with ROT (2 mg/kg, s.c.) for 28 days. The high dose of API (800 mg/kg) showed enhanced motor function, higher expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels, less dopamine turnover and α-synuclein expression, and a better histopathological picture when compared to the ROT group and the lower two doses. API's high dose exerted its neuroprotective effects through abridging the M1 microglial activity, illustrated in the reduced expression of miR-155, Iba-1, CD36, CXCL10, and other pro-inflammatory markers' levels. Inversely, API high dose enhanced M2 microglial activity, witnessed in the elevated expression of miR-124, CD206, Ym1, Fizz1, arginase-1, and other anti-inflammatory indices, in comparison to the diseased group. To conclude, our study revealed a novel neuroprotective impact for API against experimentally induced PD, where the high dose showed the highest protection via rebalancing M1/M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Samar F Darwish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rana Yehia
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nermin Eissa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Noura F Elmongy
- Physiology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Mona M Abd-Elgalil
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona F Schaalan
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sara A El Wakeel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
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Mora VP, Kalergis AM, Bohmwald K. Neurological Impact of Respiratory Viruses: Insights into Glial Cell Responses in the Central Nervous System. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1713. [PMID: 39203555 PMCID: PMC11356956 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections pose a significant public health threat, particularly in children and older adults, with high mortality rates. Some of these pathogens are the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza viruses (IV), human parvovirus B19 (B19V), and human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1). These viruses cause various respiratory symptoms, including cough, fever, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Notably, these viruses can also impact the central nervous system (CNS), leading to acute manifestations such as seizures, encephalopathies, encephalitis, neurological sequelae, and long-term complications. The precise mechanisms by which these viruses affect the CNS are not fully understood. Glial cells, specifically microglia and astrocytes within the CNS, play pivotal roles in maintaining brain homeostasis and regulating immune responses. Exploring how these cells interact with viral pathogens, such as hRSV, SARS-CoV-2, IVs, B19V, and HBoV1, offers crucial insights into the significant impact of respiratory viruses on the CNS. This review article examines hRSV, SARS-CoV-2, IV, B19V, and HBoV1 interactions with microglia and astrocytes, shedding light on potential neurological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina P. Mora
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
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Rasouli A, Roshangar L, Hosseini M, Pourmohammadfazel A, Nikzad S. Beyond boundaries: The therapeutic potential of exosomes in neural microenvironments in neurological disorders. Neuroscience 2024; 553:98-109. [PMID: 38964450 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a diverse group of conditions that can significantly impact individuals' quality of life. The maintenance of neural microenvironment homeostasis is essential for optimal physiological cellular processes. Perturbations in this delicate balance underlie various pathological manifestations observed across various neurological disorders. Current treatments for neurological disorders face substantial challenges, primarily due to the formidable blood-brain barrier and the intricate nature of neural tissue structures. These obstacles have resulted in a paucity of effective therapies and inefficiencies in patient care. Exosomes, nanoscale vesicles that contain a complex repertoire of biomolecules, are identifiable in various bodily fluids. They hold substantial promise in numerous therapeutic interventions due to their unique attributes, including targeted drug delivery mechanisms and the ability to cross the BBB, thereby enhancing their therapeutic potential. In this review, we investigate the therapeutic potential of exosomes across a range of neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury, brain tumors, and stroke. Through both in vitro and in vivo studies, our findings underscore the beneficial influence of exosomes in enhancing the neural microenvironment following neurological diseases, offering promise for improved neural recovery and management in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arefe Rasouli
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammadbagher Hosseini
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Pourmohammadfazel
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Dmytriv TR, Duve KV, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Vicious cycle of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in pathophysiology of chronic vascular encephalopathy. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1443604. [PMID: 39161701 PMCID: PMC11330875 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1443604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic vascular encephalopathy (CVE) is a frequent cause of vascular mild cognitive impairment and dementia, which significantly worsens the quality of life, especially in the elderly population. CVE is a result of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, characterized by prolonged limited blood flow to the brain. This causes insufficient oxygenation of the brain leading to hypoxia. The latter can trigger a series of events associated with the development of oxidative/reductive stresses and neuroinflammation. Addressing the gap in knowledge regarding oxidative and reductive stresses in the development of vascular disorders and neuroinflammation can give a start to new directions of research in the context of CVE. In this review, we consider the hypoxia-induced molecular challenges involved in the pathophysiology of CVE, focusing on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which are combined in a vicious cycle of neurodegeneration. We also briefly describe therapeutic approaches to the treatment of CVE and outline the prospects for the use of sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate common in cruciferous plants, and vitamin D to break the vicious cycle and alleviate the cognitive impairments characteristic of patients with CVE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana R. Dmytriv
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Khrystyna V. Duve
- Department of Neurology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | | | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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37
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Zhang Q, Sun W, Zheng M, Zhang N. Contribution of microglia/macrophage to the pathogenesis of TMEV infection in the central nervous system. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1452390. [PMID: 39155988 PMCID: PMC11327027 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1452390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with neurotropic viruses induces neuroinflammation and an immune response, which is associated with the development of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses, involving microglia, macrophages, and T and B cells, while required for efficient viral control within the CNS, is also associated with neuropathology. Under pathological events, such as CNS viral infection, microglia/macrophage undergo a reactive response, leading to the infiltration of immune cells from the periphery into the brain, disrupting CNS homeostasis and contributing to the pathogenesis of disease. The Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelination disease (TMEV-IDD), which serves as a mouse model of MS. This murine model made significant contributions to our understanding of the pathophysiology of MS following subsequent to infection. Microglia/macrophages could be activated into two different states, classic activated state (M1 state) and alternative activated state (M2 state) during TMEV infection. M1 possesses the capacity to initiate inflammatory response and secretes pro-inflammatory cytokines, and M2-liked microglia/macrophages are anti-inflammatory characterized by the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. This review aims to discuss the roles of microglia/macrophages M1/M2-liked polarization during TMEV infection, and explore the potential therapeutic effect of balancing M1/M2-liked polarization of microglia/macrophages on MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
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Li S, Wang Z, Liu G, Chen M. Neurodegenerative diseases and catechins: (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a modulator of chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1425839. [PMID: 39149548 PMCID: PMC11326534 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1425839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Catechins, a class of phytochemicals found in various fruits and tea leaves, have garnered attention for their diverse health-promoting properties, including their potential in combating neurodegenerative diseases. Among these catechins, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are key pathological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). EGCG has neuroprotective efficacy due to scavenging free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and attenuating neuroinflammatory processes. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of EGCG's anti-oxidative stress and chronic neuroinflammation, emphasizing its effects on autoimmune responses, neuroimmune system interactions, and focusing on the related effects on AD and PD. By elucidating EGCG's mechanisms of action and its impact on neurodegenerative processes, this review underscores the potential of EGCG as a therapeutic intervention for AD, PD, and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, EGCG emerges as a promising natural compound for combating chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, offering novel avenues for neuroprotective strategies in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Li
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurology, The Yuhuan People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zaoyi Wang
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Yuhuan People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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He Y, Jin W, Wan H, Zhang L, Yu L. Research progress on immune-related therapeutic targets of brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia. Cytokine 2024; 180:156651. [PMID: 38761715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a leading cause of disability. The innate immune response occurs immediately after cerebral ischemia, resulting in adaptive immunity. More and more experimental evidence has proved that the immune response caused by cerebral ischemia plays an important role in early brain injury and later the recovery of brain injury. Innate immune cells and adaptive cells promote the occurrence of cerebral ischemic injury but also protect brain cells. A large number of studies have shown that cytokines and immune-related substances also have dual functions of promoting injury, reducing injury, or promoting injury recovery in the later stage of cerebral ischemia. They can be an important target for treating cerebral ischemic recovery. Therefore, this study discussed the immune cells, cytokines, and immune-related substances with dual roles in cerebral ischemia and summarized the therapeutic targets of cerebral ischemia. To explore more effective methods to treat cerebral ischemia, promote the recovery of brain function, and improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia He
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weifeng Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lijiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Li Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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40
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Qiu R, Cai Y, Su Y, Fan K, Sun Z, Zhang Y. Emerging insights into Lipocalin-2: Unraveling its role in Parkinson's Disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116947. [PMID: 38901198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) ranks as the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally, marked by a complex pathogenesis. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) emerges as a crucial factor during the progression of PD. Belonging to the lipocalin family, LCN2 is integral to several biological functions, including glial cell activation, iron homeostasis regulation, immune response, inflammatory reactions, and oxidative stress mitigation. Substantial research has highlighted marked increases in LCN2 expression within the substantia nigra (SN), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood of individuals with PD. This review focuses on the pathological roles of LCN2 in neuroinflammation, aging, neuronal damage, and iron dysregulation in PD. It aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of LCN2 in the disease and potential therapeutic targets that could inform future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqing Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yana Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangli Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Xu GY, Maskey M, Wu Z, Yang Q. Timed sulfonylurea modulation improves locomotor and sensory dysfunction following spinal cord injury. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1440198. [PMID: 39148545 PMCID: PMC11324438 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1440198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in immediate tissue necrosis and delayed secondary expansion of neurological damage, often resulting in lifelong paralysis, neurosensory dysfunction, and chronic pain. Progressive hemorrhagic necrosis (PHN) and excessive excitation are the main sources of secondary neural injury. Recent approaches to attenuate PHN by glibenclamide can improve locomotor function after SCI. However, use of glibenclamide can exacerbate development of SCI-induced chronic pain by inhibiting KATP channels to increase neuronal excitation and glial activation. In this study, we explored a treatment strategy involving administration of glibenclamide, which suppresses PHN, and diazoxide, which protects against neuronal excitation and inflammation, at different time intervals following spinal cord contusion. Our goal was to determine whether this combined approach enhances both sensory and motor function. Contusive SCI was induced at spinal segment T10 in adult rats. We found that KATP channels opener, diazoxide, decreased the hyperexcitability of primary sensory neurons after SCI by electrophysiology. Timed application of glibenclamide and diazoxide following contusion significantly improved locomotor function and mitigated development of SCI-induced chronic pain, as shown by behavioral evidence. Finally, we found that timed application of glibenclamide and diazoxide attenuates the inflammatory activity in the spinal cord and increases the survival of spinal matters following SCI. These preclinical studies introduce a promising potential treatment strategy to address SCI-induced dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ying Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Manjit Maskey
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Zizhen Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Katsube M, Ishimoto T, Fukushima Y, Kagami A, Shuto T, Kato Y. Ergothioneine promotes longevity and healthy aging in male mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:3889-3909. [PMID: 38446314 PMCID: PMC11226696 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging has emerged as a crucial issue with the increase in the geriatric population worldwide. Food-derived sulfur-containing amino acid ergothioneine (ERGO) is a potential dietary supplement, which exhibits various beneficial effects in experimental animals although the preventive effects of ERGO on aging and/or age-related impairments such as frailty and cognitive impairment are unclear. We investigated the effects of daily oral supplementation of ERGO dissolved in drinking water on lifespan, frailty, and cognitive impairment in male mice from 7 weeks of age to the end of their lives. Ingestion of 4 ~ 5 mg/kg/day of ERGO remarkably extended the lifespan of male mice. The longevity effect of ERGO was further supported by increase in life and non-frailty spans of Caenorhabditis elegans in the presence of ERGO. Compared with the control group, the ERGO group showed significantly lower age-related declines in weight, fat mass, and average and maximum movement velocities at 88 weeks of age. This was compatible with dramatical suppression by ERGO of the age-related increments in plasma biomarkers (BMs) such as the chemokine ligand 9, creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, urea, asymmetric dimethylarginine, quinolinic acid, and kynurenine. The oral intake of ERGO also rescued age-related impairments in learning and memory ability, which might be associated with suppression of the age-related decline in hippocampal neurogenesis and TDP43 protein aggregation and promotion of microglial shift to the M2 phenotype by ERGO ingestion. Ingestion of ERGO may promote longevity and healthy aging in male mice, possibly through multiple biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Katsube
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | | | - Yutaro Fukushima
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Asuka Kagami
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Owjfard M, Rahimian Z, Karimi F, Borhani-Haghighi A, Mallahzadeh A. A comprehensive review on the neuroprotective potential of resveratrol in ischemic stroke. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34121. [PMID: 39082038 PMCID: PMC11284444 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide. Globally, 68 % of all strokes are ischemic, with 32 % being hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke (IS) poses significant challenges globally, necessitating the development of effective therapeutic strategies. IS is among the deadliest illnesses. Major functions are played by neuroimmunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the multiple intricate pathways of IS. Secondary brain damage is specifically caused by the early pro-inflammatory activity that follows cerebral ischemia, which is brought on by excessive activation of local microglia and the infiltration of circulating monocytes and macrophages. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in grapes and berries, has shown promise as a neuroprotective agent in IS. This review offers a comprehensive overview of resveratrol's neuroprotective role in IS, focusing on its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. Resveratrol exerts neuroprotective effects by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathways. SIRT1 activation by resveratrol triggers the deacetylation and activation of downstream targets like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) and forkhead box protein O (FOXO), regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant defense, and cellular stress response. Consequently, resveratrol promotes cellular survival and inhibits apoptosis in IS. Moreover, resveratrol activates the NRF2 pathway, a key mediator of the cellular antioxidant response. Activation of NRF2 through resveratrol enhances the expression of antioxidant enzymes, like heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), which neutralize reactive oxygen species and mitigate oxidative stress in the ischemic brain. Combined, the activation of SIRT1 and NRF2 pathways contributes to resveratrol's neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in IS. Preclinical studies demonstrate that resveratrol improves functional outcomes, reduces infarct size, regulates cerebral blood flow and preserves neuronal integrity. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms holds promise for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at promoting neuronal survival and facilitating functional recovery in IS patients and to aid future studies in this matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Owjfard
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimian
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Arashk Mallahzadeh
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Lin G, Lin L, Chen X, Chen L, Yang J, Chen Y, Qian D, Zeng Y, Xu Y. PPAR-γ/NF-kB/AQP3 axis in M2 macrophage orchestrates lung adenocarcinoma progression by upregulating IL-6. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:532. [PMID: 39060229 PMCID: PMC11282095 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Aquaporin 3 (AQP3), which is mostly expressed in pulmonary epithelial cells, was linked to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the underlying functions and mechanisms of AQP3 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of LUAD have not been elucidated. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to study the composition, lineage, and functional states of TME-infiltrating immune cells and discover AQP3-expressing subpopulations in five LUAD patients. Then the identifications of its function on TME were examined in vitro and in vivo. AQP3 was associated with TNM stages and lymph node metastasis of LUAD patients. We classified inter- and intra-tumor diversity of LUAD into twelve subpopulations using scRNA-seq analyses. The analysis showed AQP3 was mainly enriched in subpopulations of M2 macrophages. Importantly, mechanistic investigations indicated that AQP3 promoted M2 macrophage polarization by the PPAR-γ/NF-κB axis, which affected tumor growth and migration via modulating IL-6 production. Mixed subcutaneous transplanted tumor mice and Aqp3 knockout mice models were further utilized, and revealed that AQP3 played a critical role in mediating M2 macrophage polarization, modulating glucose metabolism in tumors, and regulating both upstream and downstream pathways. Overall, our study demonstrated that AQP3 could regulate the proliferation, migration, and glycometabolism of tumor cells by modulating M2 macrophages polarization through the PPAR-γ/NF-κB axis and IL-6/IL-6R signaling pathway, providing new insight into the early detection and potential therapeutic target of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Lin
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center of Interventional Respirology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Ouanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Lanlan Lin
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center of Interventional Respirology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Ouanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center of Interventional Respirology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Ouanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Luyang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center of Interventional Respirology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Ouanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Jiansheng Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Danwen Qian
- The Tumor Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance (TIGI) Lab, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center of Interventional Respirology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Ouanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China.
| | - Yuan Xu
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center of Interventional Respirology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China.
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China.
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Sacharczuk M, Mickael ME, Kubick N, Kamińska A, Horbańczuk JO, Atanasov AG, Religa P, Ławiński M. The Current Landscape of Hypotheses Describing the Contribution of CD4+ Heterogeneous Populations to ALS. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7846-7861. [PMID: 39194682 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a poorly understood and fatal disease. It has a low prevalence and a 2-4 year survival period. Various theories and hypotheses relating to its development process have been proposed, albeit with no breakthrough in its treatment. Recently, the role of the adaptive immune system in ALS, particularly CD4+ T cells, has begun to be investigated. CD4+ T cells are a heterogeneous group of immune cells. They include highly pro-inflammatory types such as Th1 and Th17, as well as highly anti-inflammatory cells such as Tregs. However, the landscape of the role of CD4+ T cells in ALS is still not clearly understood. This review covers current hypotheses that elucidate how various CD4+ T cells can contribute to ALS development. These hypotheses include the SWITCH model, which suggests that, in the early stages of the disease, Tregs are highly capable of regulating the immune response. However, in the later stages of the disease, it seems that pro-inflammatory cells such as Th1 and Th17 are capable of overwhelming Treg function. The reason why this occurs is not known. Several research groups have proposed that CD4+ T cells as a whole might experience aging. Others have proposed that gamma delta T cells might directly target Tregs. Additionally, other research groups have argued that less well-known CD4+ T cells, such as Emoes+ CD4+ T cells, may be directly responsible for neuron death by producing granzyme B. We propose that the ALS landscape is highly complicated and that there is more than one feasible hypothesis. However, it is critical to take into consideration the differences in the ability of different populations of CD4+ T cells to infiltrate the blood-brain barrier, taking into account the brain region and the time of infiltration. Shedding more light on these still obscure factors can help to create a personalized therapy capable of regaining the balance of power in the battle between the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cells in the central nervous system of ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Sacharczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michel-Edwar Mickael
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Norwin Kubick
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Kamińska
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Piotr Religa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michał Ławiński
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
- Department of General Surgery, Gastroenterology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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Cao G, Guo J, Yang K, Xu R, Jia X, Wang X. DCPIB Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarization and Oxidative Stress. Neuroscience 2024; 551:119-131. [PMID: 38734301 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The inflammatory response plays an indispensable role in ischemia-reperfusion injury, the most significant of which is the inflammatory response caused by microglial polarization. Anti-inflammatory therapy is also an important remedial measure after failed vascular reconstruction. Maintaining the internal homeostasis of the brain is a crucial measure for suppressing the inflammatory response. The mechanism underlying the relationship between DCPIB, a selective blocker of volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC), and inflammation induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is currently unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between DCPIB and microglial M1/M2 polarization-mediated inflammation after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). DCPIB was administered by a lateral ventricular injection within 5 min after reperfusion. Behavioral assessments were conducted at 1, 3, and 7 days after tMCAO/R. Pathological injuries were evaluated using TTC assay, HE and Nissl staining, brain water content measurement, and immunofluorescence staining. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using qPCR and ELISA. Additionally, the phenotypic variations of microglia were examined using immunofluorescence staining. In mouse tMCAO/R model, DCPIB administration markably reduced mortality, improved behavioral performance, and alleviated pathological injury. DCPIB treatment significantly inhibited the inflammatory response, promoted the conversion of M1 microglia to M2 microglia via the MAPK signaling pathway, and ultimately protected neurons from the microglia-mediated inflammatory response. In addition, DCPIB inhibited oxidative stress induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In conclusion, DCPIB attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating microglial M1/M2 polarization and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kaikai Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin Jia
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Nuszkiewicz J, Kukulska-Pawluczuk B, Piec K, Jarek DJ, Motolko K, Szewczyk-Golec K, Woźniak A. Intersecting Pathways: The Role of Metabolic Dysregulation, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, and Inflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis and Outcomes. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4258. [PMID: 39064298 PMCID: PMC11278353 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a major cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, driven by complex and multifaceted etiological factors. Metabolic dysregulation, gastrointestinal microbiome alterations, and systemic inflammation are emerging as significant contributors to AIS pathogenesis. This review addresses the critical need to understand how these factors interact to influence AIS risk and outcomes. We aim to elucidate the roles of dysregulated adipokines in obesity, the impact of gut microbiota disruptions, and the neuroinflammatory cascade initiated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in AIS. Dysregulated adipokines in obesity exacerbate inflammatory responses, increasing AIS risk and severity. Disruptions in the gut microbiota and subsequent LPS-induced neuroinflammation further link systemic inflammation to AIS. Advances in neuroimaging and biomarker development have improved diagnostic precision. Here, we highlight the need for a multifaceted approach to AIS management, integrating metabolic, microbiota, and inflammatory insights. Potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways could significantly improve AIS prevention and treatment. Future research should focus on further elucidating these pathways and developing targeted interventions to mitigate the impacts of metabolic dysregulation, microbiome imbalances, and inflammation on AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Beata Kukulska-Pawluczuk
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowskiej—Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.-P.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Piec
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowskiej—Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.-P.); (K.P.)
| | - Dorian Julian Jarek
- Student Research Club of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Karina Motolko
- Student Research Club of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowskiej—Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Morys J, Małecki A, Nowacka-Chmielewska M. Stress and the gut-brain axis: an inflammatory perspective. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1415567. [PMID: 39092201 PMCID: PMC11292226 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1415567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a dominant role in maintaining homeostasis as well as contributes to mental health maintenance. The pathways that underpin the axis expand from macroscopic interactions with the nervous system, to the molecular signals that include microbial metabolites, tight junction protein expression, or cytokines released during inflammation. The dysfunctional GBA has been repeatedly linked to the occurrence of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors development. The importance of the inflammatory aspects of the altered GBA has recently been highlighted in the literature. Here we summarize current reports on GBA signaling which involves the immune response within the intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB). We also emphasize the effect of stress response on altering barriers' permeability, and the therapeutic potential of microbiota restoration by probiotic administration or microbiota transplantation, based on the latest animal studies. Most research performed on various stress models showed an association between anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, dysbiosis of gut microbiota, and disruption of intestinal permeability with simultaneous changes in BBB integrity. It could be postulated that under stress conditions impaired communication across BBB may therefore represent a significant mechanism allowing the gut microbiota to affect brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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Zajkowska I, Niczyporuk P, Urbaniak A, Tomaszek N, Modzelewski S, Waszkiewicz N. Investigating the Impacts of Diet, Supplementation, Microbiota, Gut-Brain Axis on Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2228. [PMID: 39064675 PMCID: PMC11279812 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disease with a complex etiology that significantly impairs the functioning of patients. In recent years, there has been increasing focus on the importance of the gut microbiota in the context of the gut-brain axis. In our study, we analyzed data on the gut-brain axis in relation to schizophrenia, as well as the impacts of eating habits, the use of various supplements, and diets on schizophrenia. Additionally, the study investigated the impact of antipsychotics on the development of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. There may be significant clinical benefits to be gained from therapies supported by supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, and probiotics. The results suggest the need for a holistic approach to the treatment of schizophrenia, incorporating both drug therapy and dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Modzelewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, pl. Wołodyjowskiego 2, 15-272 Białystok, Poland; (I.Z.); (N.W.)
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Gardner RS, Kyle M, Hughes K, Zhao LR. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Immunomodulatory Effects of Stem Cell Factor and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Treatment in the Brains of Aged APP/PS1 Mice. Biomolecules 2024; 14:827. [PMID: 39062541 PMCID: PMC11275138 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to progressive neurodegeneration and dementia. AD primarily affects older adults with neuropathological changes including amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. We have previously demonstrated that systemic treatment with combined stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (SCF+G-CSF) reduces the Aβ load, increases Aβ uptake by activated microglia and macrophages, reduces neuroinflammation, and restores dendrites and synapses in the brains of aged APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice. However, the mechanisms underlying SCF+G-CSF-enhanced brain repair in aged APP/PS1 mice remain unclear. This study used a transcriptomic approach to identify the potential mechanisms by which SCF+G-CSF treatment modulates microglia and peripheral myeloid cells to mitigate AD pathology in the aged brain. After injections of SCF+G-CSF for 5 consecutive days, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on CD11b+ cells isolated from the brains of 28-month-old APP/PS1 mice. The vast majority of cell clusters aligned with transcriptional profiles of microglia in various activation states. However, SCF+G-CSF treatment dramatically increased a cell population showing upregulation of marker genes related to peripheral myeloid cells. Flow cytometry data also revealed an SCF+G-CSF-induced increase of cerebral CD45high/CD11b+ active phagocytes. SCF+G-CSF treatment robustly increased the transcription of genes implicated in immune cell activation, including gene sets that regulate inflammatory processes and cell migration. The expression of S100a8 and S100a9 was robustly enhanced following SCF+G-CSF treatment in all CD11b+ cell clusters. Moreover, the topmost genes differentially expressed with SCF+G-CSF treatment were largely upregulated in S100a8/9-positive cells, suggesting a well-conserved transcriptional profile related to SCF+G-CSF treatment in resident and peripherally derived CD11b+ immune cells. This S100a8/9-associated transcriptional profile contained notable genes related to pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, neuroprotection, and Aβ plaque inhibition or clearance. Altogether, this study reveals the immunomodulatory effects of SCF+G-CSF treatment in the aged brain with AD pathology, which will guide future studies to further uncover the therapeutic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li-Ru Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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