1
|
Cannella N, Tambalo S, Lunerti V, Scuppa G, de Vivo L, Abdulmalek S, Kinen A, Mackle J, Kuhn B, Solberg Woods LC, Chung D, Kalivas P, Soverchia L, Ubaldi M, Hardiman G, Bifone A, Ciccocioppo R. Long-access heroin self-administration induces region specific reduction of grey matter volume and microglia reactivity in the rat. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:210-220. [PMID: 38452987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In opioid use disorder (OUD) patients, a decrease in brain grey matter volume (GMV) has been reported. It is unclear whether this is the consequence of prolonged exposure to opioids or is a predisposing causal factor in OUD development. To investigate this, we conducted a structural MRI longitudinal study in NIH Heterogeneous Stock rats exposed to heroin self-administration and age-matched naïve controls housed in the same controlled environment. Structural MRI scans were acquired before (MRI1) and after (MRI2) a prolonged period of long access heroin self-administration resulting in escalation of drug intake. Heroin intake resulted in reduced GMV in various cortical and sub-cortical brain regions. In drug-naïve controls no difference was found between MRI1 and MRI2. Notably, the degree of GMV reduction in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the insula positively correlated with the amount of heroin consumed and the escalation of heroin use. In a preliminary gene expression analysis, we identified a number of transcripts linked to immune response and neuroinflammation. This prompted us to hypothesize a link between changes in microglia homeostasis and loss of GMV. For this reason, we analyzed the number and morphology of microglial cells in the mPFC and insula. The number of neurons and their morphology was also evaluated. The primary motor cortex, where no GMV change was observed, was used as negative control. We found no differences in the number of neurons and microglia cells following heroin. However, in the same regions where reduced GMV was detected, we observed a shift towards a rounder shape and size reduction in microglia, suggestive of their homeostatic change towards a reactive state. Altogether these findings suggest that escalation of heroin intake correlates with loss of GMV in specific brain regions and that this phenomenon is linked to changes in microglial morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazzareno Cannella
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
| | - Stefano Tambalo
- CIMeC, Center for Mind/Brain Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Veronica Lunerti
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giulia Scuppa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Luisa de Vivo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Analia Kinen
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy; Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - James Mackle
- Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Brittany Kuhn
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston (SC), USA
| | | | - Dongjun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus (OH), USA
| | - Peter Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston (SC), USA
| | - Laura Soverchia
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Ubaldi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Bifone
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cannella N, Tambalo S, Lunerti V, Scuppa G, de Vivo L, Abdulmalek S, Kinen A, Mackle J, Kuhn B, Solberg Woods LC, Chung D, Kalivas P, Soverchia L, Ubaldi M, Hardiman G, Bifone A, Ciccocioppo R. Long-access heroin self-administration induces region specific reduction of grey matter volume and microglia reactivity in the rat. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582024. [PMID: 38463974 PMCID: PMC10925188 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In opioid use disorder (OUD) patients, a decrease in brain grey matter volume (GMV) has been reported. It is unclear whether this is the consequence of prolonged exposure to opioids or is a predisposing causal factor in OUD development. To investigate this, we conducted a structural MRI longitudinal study in NIH Heterogeneous Stock rats exposed to heroin self-administration and age-matched naïve controls housed in the same controlled environment. Structural MRI scans were acquired before (MRI 1 ) and after (MRI 2 ) a prolonged period of long access heroin self-administration resulting in escalation of drug intake. Heroin intake resulted in reduced GMV in various cortical and sub-cortical brain regions. In drug-naïve controls no difference was found between MRI 1 and MRI 2 . Notably, the degree of GMV reduction in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the insula positively correlated with the amount of heroin consumed and the escalation of heroin use. In a preliminary gene expression analysis, we identified a number of transcripts linked to immune response and neuroinflammation. This prompted us to hypothesize a link between changes in microglia homeostasis and loss of GMV. For this reason, we analyzed the number and morphology of microglial cells in the mPFC and insula. The number of neurons and their morphology was also evaluated. The primary motor cortex, where no GMV change was observed, was used as negative control. We found no differences in the number of neurons and microglia cells following heroin. However, in the same regions where reduced GMV was detected, we observed a shift towards a rounder shape and size reduction in microglia, suggestive of their homeostatic change towards a reactive state. Altogether these findings suggest that escalation of heroin intake correlates with loss of GMV in specific brain regions and that this phenomenon is linked to changes in microglial morphology.
Collapse
|
3
|
Woodlief K, Allen MI, Cornelissen JC, Banks ML, Newman AH, Nader MA. Effects of selective dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist/antagonists on oxycodone self-administration and antinociception in monkeys. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1716-1723. [PMID: 37118057 PMCID: PMC10579365 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that dopamine D3 receptors (D3R) may be a therapeutic target for opioid use disorders (OUD). This study examined the effects of the D3R partial agonist (±)VK4-40 and the D3R-selective antagonist (±)VK4-116, compared to the mu-opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (NTX), in nonhuman primate models of OUD and antinociception. Adult male and female (N = 4/sex) cynomolgus monkeys were trained to self-administer oxycodone (0.003-0.1 mg/kg/injection) first under a fixed-ratio (FR) and then a progressive-ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement during daily 1- and 4-hr sessions, respectively. Under the FR schedule, intravenous NTX (0.01-0.1 mg/kg), (±)VK4-116 (1.0-10 mg/kg), and (±)VK4-40 (1.0-10 mg/kg) were studied in combination with the peak oxycodone dose and a dose on the descending limb of the dose-effect curve; NTX and (±)VK4-40 were also studied at the peak of the PR dose-response curve (N = 4). Following saline extinction, each compound was examined on oxycodone-induced reinstatement. Finally, these compounds were assessed in adult male rhesus monkeys (N = 3) in a warm-water (38 °C, 50 °C, 54 °C) tail withdrawal assay. NTX decreased responding on the peak of the FR oxycodone dose-response curve, but increased responding on the descending limb. (±)VK4-40, but not (±)VK4-116, significantly decreased peak oxycodone self-administration; (±)VK4-40 did not increase responding on the descending limb. NTX and (±)VK4-40, but not (±)VK4-116, attenuated oxycodone-induced reinstatement. Under PR responding, NTX and (±)VK4-40 decreased breakpoints. Oxycodone-induced antinociception was attenuated by NTX, but not by (±)VK4-40 or (±)VK4-116. Together, these results suggest that further research evaluating the effects of (±)VK4-40 as a novel pharmacotherapy for OUD is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Woodlief
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, 27157, NC, USA
| | - Mia I Allen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, 27157, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy C Cornelissen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298, VA, USA
| | - Matthew L Banks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298, VA, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 21224, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Nader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, 27157, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barrett JE, Shekarabi A, Inan S. Oxycodone: A Current Perspective on Its Pharmacology, Abuse, and Pharmacotherapeutic Developments. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1062-1118. [PMID: 37321860 PMCID: PMC10595024 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxycodone, a semisynthetic derivative of naturally occurring thebaine, an opioid alkaloid, has been available for more than 100 years. Although thebaine cannot be used therapeutically due to the occurrence of convulsions at higher doses, it has been converted to a number of other widely used compounds that include naloxone, naltrexone, buprenorphine, and oxycodone. Despite the early identification of oxycodone, it was not until the 1990s that clinical studies began to explore its analgesic efficacy. These studies were followed by the pursuit of several preclinical studies to examine the analgesic effects and abuse liability of oxycodone in laboratory animals and the subjective effects in human volunteers. For a number of years oxycodone was at the forefront of the opioid crisis, playing a significant role in contributing to opioid misuse and abuse, with suggestions that it led to transitioning to other opioids. Several concerns were expressed as early as the 1940s that oxycodone had significant abuse potential similar to heroin and morphine. Both animal and human abuse liability studies have confirmed, and in some cases amplified, these early warnings. Despite sharing a similar structure with morphine and pharmacological actions also mediated by the μ-opioid receptor, there are several differences in the pharmacology and neurobiology of oxycodone. The data that have emerged from the many efforts to analyze the pharmacological and molecular mechanism of oxycodone have generated considerable insight into its many actions, reviewed here, which, in turn, have provided new information on opioid receptor pharmacology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Oxycodone, a μ-opioid receptor agonist, was synthesized in 1916 and introduced into clinical use in Germany in 1917. It has been studied extensively as a therapeutic analgesic for acute and chronic neuropathic pain as an alternative to morphine. Oxycodone emerged as a drug with widespread abuse. This article brings together an integrated, detailed review of the pharmacology of oxycodone, preclinical and clinical studies of pain and abuse, and recent advances to identify potential opioid analgesics without abuse liability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E Barrett
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aryan Shekarabi
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saadet Inan
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Doyle MR, Martinez AR, Qiao R, Dirik S, Di Ottavio F, Pascasio G, Martin-Fardon R, Benner C, George O, Telese F, de Guglielmo G. Strain and sex-related behavioral variability of oxycodone dependence in rats. Neuropharmacology 2023; 237:109635. [PMID: 37327971 PMCID: PMC10353778 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the escalating prescription of opioid medications for pain management has culminated in a widespread opioid epidemic, significantly impacting public health, social dynamics, and economic stability. The urgent need for improved treatments for opioid addiction necessitates a deeper understanding of its biological underpinnings, with genetic variations playing a crucial role in individual susceptibility to opioid use disorder (OUD) and influencing clinical practices. In this study, we leverage the genetic diversity of four rat strains (ACI/N, BN/NHsd, WKY/N, and F344/N) to examine the contribution of genetic factors to oxycodone metabolism and addiction-like behaviors. We used the extended access to intravenous oxycodone self-administration procedure (12 h/day, 0.15 mg/kg/injection) to comprehensively characterize oxycodone-related behaviors and pharmacokinetics. We measured escalation of oxycodone self-administration, motivation for drug consumption, tolerance to the analgesic effects of oxycodone, withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia, and oxycodone-induced respiratory depression. Additionally, we examined oxycodone-seeking behavior after four weeks of withdrawal by reintroducing the animals to environmental and cue stimuli previously associated with oxycodone self-administration. The findings revealed notable strain differences in several behavioral measures, including oxycodone metabolism. Intriguingly, BN/NHsd and WKY/N strains exhibited similar drug intake and escalation patterns but displayed significant disparities in oxycodone and oxymorphone metabolism. Minimal sex differences were observed within strains, primarily relating to oxycodone metabolism. In conclusion, this study identifies strain differences in the behavioral responses and pharmacokinetics associated with oxycodone self-administration in rats, providing a robust foundation for identifying genetic and molecular variants associated with various facets of the opioid addiction process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Doyle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angelica R Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ran Qiao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Selen Dirik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Di Ottavio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Glenn Pascasio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rémi Martin-Fardon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Telese
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Beldjoud H, Avelar A, de Guglielmo G, Kallupi M, Sedighim S, Velarde N, Boomhower B, Rizo N, Carrette LLG, George O. Chronic administration of a norepinephrine antagonist prevents and partially reverses escalation of cocaine self-administration. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13316. [PMID: 37644893 PMCID: PMC10614571 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is a critical component of the development and maintenance of drug addiction; however, anti-anxiety medications such as benzodiazepines and beta-blockers (β-adrenergic receptor antagonists) are not used for the treatment of substance use disorder, except for the management of acute withdrawal syndrome. Preclinical studies have shown that beta-blockers may reduce stress-induced relapse; however, the effect of beta blockers on the escalation and maintenance of drug intake has not been tested. To address this issue, we chronically administered the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol during the escalation or maintenance of cocaine intake in a model of extended access (6 h) to cocaine self-administration (0.5 mg/kg). The behavioural specificity of propranolol was tested using a non-drug reward (saccharin). Daily administration of propranolol (15 mg/kg) prevented the development of escalation of cocaine self-administration and partially reversed self-administration after the establishment of escalation of intake. Moreover, propranolol dose-dependently decreased the motivation for cocaine tested under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement during the development of escalation and after maintenance. Finally, propranolol administration had no effect on the escalation and maintenance of saccharin self-administration. These results demonstrate that chronic treatment with propranolol provides therapeutic efficacy in reducing cocaine self-administration during the development and after the establishment of escalation of cocaine self-administration in an animal model relevant to cocaine use disorder. These results suggest that beta blockers should be further investigated as a target for medication development for the treatment of cocaine use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassiba Beldjoud
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alicia Avelar
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sharona Sedighim
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nathan Velarde
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brent Boomhower
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nathan Rizo
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lieselot L G Carrette
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bonifazi A, Saab E, Sanchez J, Nazarova AL, Zaidi SA, Jahan K, Katritch V, Canals M, Lane JR, Newman AH. Pharmacological and Physicochemical Properties Optimization for Dual-Target Dopamine D 3 (D 3R) and μ-Opioid (MOR) Receptor Ligands as Potentially Safer Analgesics. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10304-10341. [PMID: 37467430 PMCID: PMC11091828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
A new generation of dual-target μ opioid receptor (MOR) agonist/dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonist/partial agonists with optimized physicochemical properties was designed and synthesized. Combining in vitro cell-based on-target/off-target affinity screening, in silico computer-aided drug design, and BRET functional assays, we identified new structural scaffolds that achieved high affinity and agonist/antagonist potencies for MOR and D3R, respectively, improving the dopamine receptor subtype selectivity (e.g., D3R over D2R) and significantly enhancing central nervous system multiparameter optimization scores for predicted blood-brain barrier permeability. We identified the substituted trans-(2S,4R)-pyrrolidine and trans-phenylcyclopropyl amine as key dopaminergic moieties and tethered these to different opioid scaffolds, derived from the MOR agonists TRV130 (3) or loperamide (6). The lead compounds 46, 84, 114, and 121 have the potential of producing analgesic effects through MOR partial agonism with reduced opioid-misuse liability via D3R antagonism. Moreover, the peripherally limited derivatives could have therapeutic indications for inflammation and neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Elizabeth Saab
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Julie Sanchez
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands NG2 7AG, United Kingdom
| | - Antonina L. Nazarova
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Department of Chemistry, Dornsife Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and Development, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Saheem A. Zaidi
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Department of Chemistry, Dornsife Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and Development, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Khorshada Jahan
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Department of Chemistry, Dornsife Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and Development, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands NG2 7AG, United Kingdom
| | - J. Robert Lane
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands NG2 7AG, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Monroe SC, Radke AK. Opioid withdrawal: role in addiction and neural mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1417-1433. [PMID: 37162529 PMCID: PMC11166123 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Withdrawal from opioids involves a negative affective state that promotes maintenance of drug-seeking behavior and relapse. As such, understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying withdrawal from opioid drugs is critical as scientists and clinicians seek to develop new treatments and therapies. In this review, we focus on the neural systems known to mediate the affective and somatic signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal, including the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, basolateral amygdala, extended amygdala, and brain and hormonal stress systems. Evidence from preclinical studies suggests that these systems are altered following opioid exposure and that these changes mediate behavioral signs of negative affect such as aversion and anxiety during withdrawal. Adaptations in these systems also parallel the behavioral and psychological features of opioid use disorder (OUD), highlighting the important role of withdrawal in the development of addictive behavior. Implications for relapse and treatment are discussed as well as promising avenues for future research, with the hope of promoting continued progress toward characterizing neural contributors to opioid withdrawal and compulsive opioid use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Monroe
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, 90 N Patterson Ave, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Anna K Radke
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, 90 N Patterson Ave, Oxford, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cao DN, Li F, Wu N, Li J. Insights into the mechanisms underlying opioid use disorder and potential treatment strategies. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:862-878. [PMID: 34128238 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder is a worldwide societal problem and public health burden. Strategies for treating opioid use disorder can be divided into those that target the opioid receptor system and those that target non-opioid receptor systems, including the dopamine and glutamate receptor systems. Currently, the clinical drugs used to treat opioid use disorder include the opioid receptor agonists methadone and buprenorphine, which are limited by their abuse liability, and the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone, which is limited by poor compliance. Therefore, the development of effective medications with lower abuse liability and better potential for compliance is urgently needed. Based on recent advances in the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying opioid use disorder, potential treatment strategies and targets have emerged. This review focuses on the progress made in identifying potential targets and developing medications to treat opioid use disorder, including progress made by our laboratory, and provides insights for future medication development. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Opioid Pharmacology at the Time of the Opioid Epidemic. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.7/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ni Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amirali AS, Hecker JC, Figueroa HM, Effinger DP, Montoro RA, Jedema HP, Vogt CD, Newman AH, Schindler CW, Bradberry CW. Effects of buprenorphine, methadone, and cariprazine on economic choice between remifentanil and food in squirrel monkeys. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 5:100065. [PMID: 36873095 PMCID: PMC9979865 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported an economic choice task in which squirrel monkeys chose between differing amounts of remifentanil, a fast-acting opioid, or a food reward to develop a preclinical screen for evaluating potential pharmacotherapies for opioid dependence. Herein, two known opioid addiction treatments are evaluated using this task, as well as a potential new agent, cariprazine, a dopamine D2/D3 receptor partial agonist currently used to treat bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Preclinical rodent studies suggest this class of compounds may reduce opiate self-administration. Squirrel monkeys were pretreated daily with clinically relevant doses of each compound during the five days of treatment evaluation using the economic choice task. Shifts in drug preference were measured as changes in subjects' indifference values, where the probability of drug and milk choice are equivalent. Buprenorphine produced a significant shift in indifference value between baseline and treatment weeks, indicating a decrease in drug preference. Subjects treated with methadone and cariprazine did not show any significant shift in drug preference. Differences between the buprenorphine and methadone results likely reflect a lack of opioid dependence in the subjects. The cariprazine results suggest that it does not alter opioid reward in non-dependent primates over a five day period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alishan S. Amirali
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacquelin C. Hecker
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hector M. Figueroa
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Devin P. Effinger
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rodrigo A. Montoro
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MTSP) at UW-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Hank P. Jedema
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caleb D. Vogt
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles W. Schindler
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles W. Bradberry
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Doyle MR, Peng LN, Cao J, Rice KC, Newman AH, Collins GT. 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone High-Responder Phenotype as a Tool to Evaluate Candidate Medications for Stimulant Use Disorder. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:353-362. [PMID: 36627204 PMCID: PMC9976791 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, there are no medications approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat stimulant use disorders. Self-administration procedures are widely used to screen candidate medications for stimulant use disorder, although preclinical reductions in stimulant self-administration have not translated to meaningful reductions in stimulant use in humans. One possible reason for this discordance is that most preclinical studies evaluate candidate medications under conditions that promote predictable, and well-regulated patterns of drug-taking rather than the dysregulated and/or compulsive patterns of drug-taking characteristic of a stimulant use disorder. A subset of rats ("high-responders") that self-administer 3,4-methelyendioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a monoamine uptake inhibitor, develop high levels of dysregulated drug-taking consistent with behaviors related to stimulant use disorders. Because MDPV acts on dopamine, serotonin (5-HT), and sigma receptor systems, the current studies compared the potency and effectiveness of a dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist (VK4-40) or antagonist (VK4-116), a sigma receptor antagonist (BD1063), a dopamine D2/D3/sigma receptor antagonist (haloperidol), and a 5-HT2C receptor agonist (CP-809,101) to reduce MDPV (0.0032-0.1 mg/kg/infusion) self-administration in high- and low-responding rats as well as rats self-administering cocaine (0.032-1 mg/kg/infusion). VK4-40, VK4-116, haloperidol, and CP-809,101 were equipotent and effective at reducing drug-taking in all three groups of rats, including the high-responders; however, VK4-116 and CP-809,101 were less potent at reducing drug-taking in female compared with male rats. Together, these studies suggest that drugs targeting dopamine D3 or 5-HT2C receptors can effectively reduce dysregulated patterns of stimulant use, highlighting their potential utility for treating stimulant use disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: There are no United States Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for stimulant use disorder, perhaps in part because candidate medications are most often evaluated in preclinical models using male subjects with well-regulated drug-taking. In an attempt to better model aberrant drug taking, this study found compounds acting at dopamine D3 or 5-HT2C receptors can attenuate drug-taking in male and female rats that self-administered two different stimulants and exhibited either a high or low substance use disorder-like phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Doyle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (M.R.D., L.N.P., G.T.C.); South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas (M.R.D., G.T.C.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., A.H.N.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism - Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Lindsey N Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (M.R.D., L.N.P., G.T.C.); South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas (M.R.D., G.T.C.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., A.H.N.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism - Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (M.R.D., L.N.P., G.T.C.); South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas (M.R.D., G.T.C.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., A.H.N.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism - Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (M.R.D., L.N.P., G.T.C.); South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas (M.R.D., G.T.C.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., A.H.N.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism - Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (M.R.D., L.N.P., G.T.C.); South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas (M.R.D., G.T.C.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., A.H.N.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism - Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Gregory T Collins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (M.R.D., L.N.P., G.T.C.); South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas (M.R.D., G.T.C.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., A.H.N.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism - Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gogarnoiu ES, Vogt CD, Sanchez J, Bonifazi A, Saab E, Shaik AB, Soler-Cedeño O, Bi GH, Klein B, Xi ZX, Lane JR, Newman AH. Dopamine D 3/D 2 Receptor Ligands Based on Cariprazine for the Treatment of Psychostimulant Use Disorders That May Be Dual Diagnosed with Affective Disorders. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1809-1834. [PMID: 36661568 PMCID: PMC11100975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Highly selective dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) partial agonists/antagonists have been developed for the treatment of psychostimulant use disorders (PSUD). However, none have reached the clinic due to insufficient potency/efficacy or potential cardiotoxicity. Cariprazine, an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, is a high-affinity D3R partial agonist (Ki = 0.22 nM) with 3.6-fold selectivity over the homologous dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). We hypothesized that compounds that are moderately D3R/D2R-selective partial agonists/antagonists may be effective for the treatment of PSUD. By systematically modifying the parent molecule, we discovered partial agonists/antagonists, as measured in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assays, with high D3R affinities (Ki = 0.14-50 nM) and moderate selectivity (<100-fold) over D2R. Cariprazine and two lead analogues, 13a and 13e, decreased cocaine self-administration (FR2; 1-10 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats, suggesting that partial agonists/antagonists with modest D3R/D2R selectivity may be effective in treating PSUD and potentially comorbidities with other affective disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma S. Gogarnoiu
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Caleb D. Vogt
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Julie Sanchez
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands NG2 7AG, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Elizabeth Saab
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Anver Basha Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Omar Soler-Cedeño
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Benjamin Klein
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - J. Robert Lane
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands NG2 7AG, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Newman AH, Xi ZX, Heidbreder C. Current Perspectives on Selective Dopamine D 3 Receptor Antagonists/Partial Agonists as Pharmacotherapeutics for Opioid and Psychostimulant Use Disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 60:157-201. [PMID: 35543868 PMCID: PMC9652482 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Over three decades of evidence indicate that dopamine (DA) D3 receptors (D3R) are involved in the control of drug-seeking behavior and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders (SUD). The expectation that a selective D3R antagonist/partial agonist would be efficacious for the treatment of SUD is based on the following key observations. First, D3R are distributed in strategic areas belonging to the mesolimbic DA system such as the ventral striatum, midbrain, and ventral pallidum, which have been associated with behaviors controlled by the presentation of drug-associated cues. Second, repeated exposure to drugs of abuse produces neuroadaptations in the D3R system. Third, the synthesis and characterization of highly potent and selective D3R antagonists/partial agonists have further strengthened the role of the D3R in SUD. Based on extensive preclinical and preliminary clinical evidence, the D3R shows promise as a target for the development of pharmacotherapies for SUD as reflected by their potential to (1) regulate the motivation to self-administer drugs and (2) disrupt the responsiveness to drug-associated stimuli that play a key role in reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior triggered by re-exposure to the drug itself, drug-associated environmental cues, or stress. The availability of PET ligands to assess clinically relevant receptor occupancy by selective D3R antagonists/partial agonists, the definition of reliable dosing, and the prospect of using human laboratory models may further guide the design of clinical proof of concept studies. Pivotal clinical trials for more rapid progression of this target toward regulatory approval are urgently required. Finally, the discovery that highly selective D3R antagonists, such as R-VK4-116 and R-VK4-40, do not adversely affect peripheral biometrics or cardiovascular effects alone or in the presence of oxycodone or cocaine suggests that this class of drugs has great potential in safely treating psychostimulant and/or opioid use disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
A highly D 3R-selective and efficacious partial agonist (S)-ABS01-113 compared to its D 3R-selective antagonist enantiomer (R)-ABS01-113 as potential treatments for opioid use disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:2309-2318. [PMID: 35879349 PMCID: PMC9309443 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The non-medical use of opioids has become a national crisis in the USA. Developing non-opioid pharmacotherapies for controlling this opioid epidemic is urgent. Dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists and low efficacy partial agonists have shown promising profiles in animal models of opioid use disorders (OUD). However, to date, advancement to human studies has been limited. Here we report the effects of (S)- and (R)-enantiomers of (±)-ABS01-113, structural analogs of the D3R partial agonist, (±)-VK4-40, in which the 3-OH in the linking chain is replaced by 3-F group. (S)- and (R)-ABS01-113 are identical in chemical structure but with opposite chirality. In vitro receptor binding and functional assays indicate that (S)-ABS01-113 is an efficacious (55%) and potent (EC50 = 7.6 ± 3.9 nM) D3R partial agonist, while the (R)-enantiomer is a potent D3R antagonist (IC50 = 11.4 nM). Both (S)- and (R)-ABS01-113 bind with high affinity to D3R (Ki = 0.84 ± 0.16 and 0.37 ± 0.06 nM, respectively); however, the (S)-enantiomer is more D3/D2-selective (>1000-fold). Pharmacokinetic analyses indicate that both enantiomers display excellent oral bioavailability and high brain penetration. Systemic administration of (S)- or (R)-ABS01-113 alone failed to alter open-field locomotion in male rats and mice. Interestingly, pretreatment with (S)- or (R)-ABS01-113 attenuated heroin-enhanced hyperactivity, heroin self-administration, and (heroin + cue)-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. Together, these findings reveal that both enantiomers, particularly the highly selective and efficacious D3R partial agonist (S)-ABS01-113, demonstrate promising translational potential for the treatment of OUD.
Collapse
|
15
|
Morgan A, Adank D, Johnson K, Butler E, Patel S. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol-mediated endocannabinoid signaling modulates mechanical hypersensitivity associated with alcohol withdrawal in mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:2010-2024. [PMID: 36125319 PMCID: PMC10091740 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) commonly occurs in patients with chronic pain, and a major barrier to achieving abstinence and preventing relapse is the emergence of hyperalgesia during alcohol withdrawal. Elucidating novel therapeutic approaches to target hyperalgesia associated with alcohol withdrawal could have important implications for treating AUD. Here, we examined the role of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)-mediated endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling in the regulation of hyperalgesia associated with alcohol withdrawal in mice. We tested the hypothesis that pharmacological augmentation of 2-AG signaling could reduce hyperalgesia during withdrawal. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6J mice were tested during withdrawal from a continuous access two-bottle choice (2BC) paradigm to investigate how eCB signaling modulates mechanical and thermal sensitivity during withdrawal. Mice were pretreated with the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor JZL184 to elevate levels of 2-AG. Rimonabant or AM630 were given to block CB1 and CB2 receptor activity, respectively. DO34 was given to reduce 2-AG by inhibiting the 2-AG synthetic enzyme diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL). RESULTS After 72 h of withdrawal, male and female mice exhibited increased mechanical, but not thermal, hypersensitivity, which normalized by 7 days. This effect was reversed by pretreatment with JZL184. The effects of JZL184 were prevented by coadministration of either the CB1 or the CB2 antagonist. DO34, Rimonabant, and AM630 exacerbated mechanical hypersensitivity during alcohol withdrawal, causing an earlier onset and persistent hypersensitivity even 1 week into withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the critical role of 2-AG signaling in the bidirectional regulation of mechanical sensitivity during alcohol withdrawal, with enhancement of 2-AG levels reducing sensitivity, and inhibition of 2-AG signaling exacerbating sensitivity. These data suggest that 2-AG augmentation represents a novel approach to the treatment of alcohol withdrawal-associated hyperalgesia and AUD in patients with comorbid pain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Danielle Adank
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Keenan Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Emily Butler
- Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Sachin Patel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Altered Accumbal Dopamine Terminal Dynamics Following Chronic Heroin Self-Administration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158106. [PMID: 35897682 PMCID: PMC9332320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of heroin results in the engagement of multiple brain regions and the rewarding and addictive effects are mediated, at least partially, through activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system. However, less is known about dopamine system function following chronic exposure to heroin. Withdrawal from chronic heroin exposure is likely to drive a state of low dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), as previously observed during withdrawal from other drug classes. Thus, we aimed to investigate alterations in NAc dopamine terminal function following chronic heroin self-administration to identify a mechanism for dopaminergic adaptations. Adult male Long Evans rats were trained to self-administer heroin (0.05 mg/kg/inf, IV) and then placed on a long access (FR1, 6-h, unlimited inf, 0.05 mg/kg/inf) protocol to induce escalation of intake. Following heroin self-administration, rats had decreased basal extracellular levels of dopamine and blunted dopamine response following a heroin challenge (0.1 mg/kg/inf, IV) in the NAc compared to saline controls. FSCV revealed that heroin-exposed rats exhibited reduced stimulated dopamine release during tonic-like, single-pulse stimulations, but increased phasic-like dopamine release during multi-pulse stimulation trains (5 pulses, 5–100 Hz) in addition to an altered dynamic range of release stimulation intensities when compared to controls. Further, we found that presynaptic D3 autoreceptor and kappa-opioid receptor agonist responsivity were increased following heroin self-administration. These results reveal a marked low dopamine state following heroin exposure and suggest the combination of altered dopamine release dynamics may contribute to increased heroin seeking.
Collapse
|
17
|
Duttke SH, Montilla-Perez P, Chang MW, Li H, Chen H, Carrette LLG, de Guglielmo G, George O, Palmer AA, Benner C, Telese F. Glucocorticoid Receptor-Regulated Enhancers Play a Central Role in the Gene Regulatory Networks Underlying Drug Addiction. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:858427. [PMID: 35651629 PMCID: PMC9149415 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.858427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance abuse and addiction represent a significant public health problem that impacts multiple dimensions of society, including healthcare, the economy, and the workforce. In 2021, over 100,000 drug overdose deaths were reported in the US, with an alarming increase in fatalities related to opioids and psychostimulants. Understanding the fundamental gene regulatory mechanisms underlying addiction and related behaviors could facilitate more effective treatments. To explore how repeated drug exposure alters gene regulatory networks in the brain, we combined capped small (cs)RNA-seq, which accurately captures nascent-like initiating transcripts from total RNA, with Hi-C and single nuclei (sn)ATAC-seq. We profiled initiating transcripts in two addiction-related brain regions, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc), from rats that were never exposed to drugs or were subjected to prolonged abstinence after oxycodone or cocaine intravenous self-administration (IVSA). Interrogating over 100,000 active transcription start regions (TSRs) revealed that most TSRs had hallmarks of bonafide enhancers and highlighted the KLF/SP1, RFX, and AP1 transcription factors families as central to establishing brain-specific gene regulatory programs. Analysis of rats with addiction-like behaviors versus controls identified addiction-associated repression of transcription at regulatory enhancers recognized by nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C (NR3C) factors, including glucocorticoid receptors. Cell-type deconvolution analysis using snATAC-seq uncovered a potential role of glial cells in driving the gene regulatory programs associated with addiction-related phenotypes. These findings highlight the power of advanced transcriptomics methods to provide insight into how addiction perturbs gene regulatory programs in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha H. Duttke
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | | | - Max W. Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hairi Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | | | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Francesca Telese
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fu Y, Lorrai I, Zorman B, Mercatelli D, Shankula C, Marquez Gaytan J, Lefebvre C, de Guglielmo G, Kim HR, Sumazin P, Giorgi FM, Repunte-Canonigo V, Sanna PP. Escalated (Dependent) Oxycodone Self-Administration Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment and Transcriptional Evidence of Neurodegeneration in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Transgenic Rats. Viruses 2022; 14:669. [PMID: 35458399 PMCID: PMC9030762 DOI: 10.3390/v14040669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder is associated with accelerated disease progression in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH). Problem opioid use, including high-dose opioid therapy, prescription drug misuse, and opioid abuse, is high and increasing in the PWH population. Oxycodone is a broadly prescribed opioid in both the general population and PWH. Here, we allowed HIV transgenic (Tg) rats and wildtype (WT) littermates to intravenously self-administer oxycodone under short-access (ShA) conditions, which led to moderate, stable, "recreational"-like levels of drug intake, or under long-access (LgA) conditions, which led to escalated (dependent) drug intake. HIV Tg rats with histories of oxycodone self-administration under LgA conditions exhibited significant impairment in memory performance in the novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm. RNA-sequencing expression profiling of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in HIV Tg rats that self-administered oxycodone under ShA conditions exhibited greater transcriptional evidence of inflammation than WT rats that self-administered oxycodone under the same conditions. HIV Tg rats that self-administered oxycodone under LgA conditions exhibited transcriptional evidence of an increase in neuronal injury and neurodegeneration compared with WT rats under the same conditions. Gene expression analysis indicated that glucocorticoid-dependent adaptations contributed to the gene expression effects of oxycodone self-administration. Overall, the present results indicate that a history of opioid intake promotes neuroinflammation and glucocorticoid dysregulation, and excessive opioid intake is associated with neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in HIV Tg rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (Y.F.); (I.L.); (C.S.); (J.M.G.); (C.L.)
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Irene Lorrai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (Y.F.); (I.L.); (C.S.); (J.M.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Barry Zorman
- Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (B.Z.); (H.R.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Daniele Mercatelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.M.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Chase Shankula
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (Y.F.); (I.L.); (C.S.); (J.M.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Jorge Marquez Gaytan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (Y.F.); (I.L.); (C.S.); (J.M.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Celine Lefebvre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (Y.F.); (I.L.); (C.S.); (J.M.G.); (C.L.)
- 92160 Antony, France
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Hyunjae Ryan Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (B.Z.); (H.R.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Pavel Sumazin
- Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (B.Z.); (H.R.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Federico M. Giorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.M.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Vez Repunte-Canonigo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (Y.F.); (I.L.); (C.S.); (J.M.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Pietro Paolo Sanna
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (Y.F.); (I.L.); (C.S.); (J.M.G.); (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abdullah M, Huang LC, Lin SH, Yang YK. Dopaminergic and glutamatergic biomarkers disruption in addiction and regulation by exercise: a mini review. Biomarkers 2022; 27:306-318. [PMID: 35236200 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2049367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug addiction is associated with disruption of a multitude of biomarkers in various brain regions, particularly in the reward center. The most pronounced are dopaminergic and glutamatergic biomarkers, which are affected at various levels. Neuropathological changes in biomarkers alter the homeostasis of the glutamatergic and dopaminergic nervous systems and promote addiction-associated characteristics such as repeated intake, maintenance, withdrawal, reinstatement, and relapse. Exercise has been shown to have a buffering effect on such biomarkers and reverse the effects of addictive substances. METHODS A review of the literature searched in PubMed, examining drug addiction and physical exercise in relation to dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems at any of the three biomarker levels (i.e., neurotransmitter, receptor, or transporter). RESULTS We review the collective impact of addictive substances on the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems and the beneficial effect of exercise in terms of reversing the damage to these systems. We propose future directions, including implications of exercise as an add-on therapy, substance use disorder (SUD) prognosis and diagnosis and designing of optimized exercise and pharmaceutical regimens based on the aforementioned biomarkers. CONCLUSION Exercise is beneficial for all types of drug addiction at all stages, by reversing molecular damages caused to dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdullah
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chia-Yi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kallupi M, Kononoff J, Melas PA, Qvist JS, de Guglielmo G, Kandel ER, George O. Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens shell attenuates cocaine withdrawal but increases cocaine self-administration, cocaine-induced locomotor activity, and GluR1/GluA1 in the central nucleus of the amygdala in male cocaine-dependent rats. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:13-22. [PMID: 34742997 PMCID: PMC8816878 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine addiction is a major public health problem. Despite decades of intense research, no effective treatments are available. Both preclinical and clinical studies strongly suggest that deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is a viable target for the treatment of cocaine use disorder (CUD). OBJECTIVE Although previous studies have shown that DBS of the NAcc decreases cocaine seeking and reinstatement, the effects of DBS on cocaine intake in cocaine-dependent animals have not yet been investigated. METHODS Rats were made cocaine dependent by allowing them to self-administer cocaine in extended access conditions (6 h/day, 0.5 mg/kg/infusion). The effects of monophasic bilateral high-frequency DBS (60 μs pulse width and 130 Hz frequency) stimulation with a constant current of 150 μA of the NAcc shell on cocaine intake was then evaluated. Furthermore, cocaine-induced locomotor activity, irritability-like behavior during cocaine abstinence, and the levels of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunits 1 and 2 (GluR1/GluA1 and GluR2/GluA2) after DBS were investigated. RESULTS Contrary to our expectations, DBS of the NAcc shell induced a slight increase in cocaine self-administration, and increased cocaine-induced locomotion after extended access of cocaine self-administration. In addition, DBS decreased irritability-like behavior 18 h into cocaine withdrawal. Finally, DBS increased both cytosolic and synaptosomal levels of GluR1, but not GluR2, in the central nucleus of the amygdala but not in other brain regions. CONCLUSIONS These preclinical results with cocaine-dependent animals support the use of high-frequency DBS of the NAcc shell as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of the negative emotional state that emerges during cocaine abstinence, but also demonstrate that DBS does not decrease cocaine intake in active, long-term cocaine users. These data, together with the existing evidence that DBS of the NAcc shell reduces the reinstatement of cocaine seeking in abstinent animals, suggest that NAcc shell DBS may be beneficial for the treatment of the negative emotional states and craving during abstinence, although it may worsen cocaine use if individuals continue drug use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA,Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N.Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Correspondence to: and
| | - Jenni Kononoff
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N.Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Philippe A. Melas
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, New York, NY 10027, USA,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Johanna S. Qvist
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA,Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N.Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eric R. Kandel
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, New York, NY 10027, USA,Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA,Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N.Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Correspondence to: and
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shaik AB, Boateng CA, Battiti FO, Bonifazi A, Cao J, Chen L, Chitsazi R, Ravi S, Lee KH, Shi L, Newman AH. Structure Activity Relationships for a Series of Eticlopride-Based Dopamine D 2/D 3 Receptor Bitopic Ligands. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15313-15333. [PMID: 34636551 PMCID: PMC9617622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) in complex with eticlopride inspired the design of bitopic ligands that explored (1) N-alkylation of the eticlopride's pyrrolidine ring, (2) shifting of the position of the pyrrolidine nitrogen, (3) expansion of the pyrrolidine ring system, and (4) incorporation of O-alkylations at the 4-position. Structure activity relationships (SAR) revealed that moving the N- or expanding the pyrrolidine ring was detrimental to D2R/D3R binding affinities. Small pyrrolidine N-alkyl groups were poorly tolerated, but the addition of a linker and secondary pharmacophore (SP) improved affinities. Moreover, O-alkylated analogues showed higher binding affinities compared to analogously N-alkylated compounds, e.g., O-alkylated 33 (D3R, 0.436 nM and D2R, 1.77 nM) vs the N-alkylated 11 (D3R, 6.97 nM and D2R, 25.3 nM). All lead molecules were functional D2R/D3R antagonists. Molecular models confirmed that 4-position modifications would be well-tolerated for future D2R/D3R bioconjugate tools that require long linkers and or sterically bulky groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anver Basha Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Comfort A. Boateng
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Francisco O. Battiti
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Li Chen
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Rezvan Chitsazi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Saiprasad Ravi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Kuo Hao Lee
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Botz-Zapp CA, Foster SL, Pulley DM, Hempel B, Bi GH, Xi ZX, Newman AH, Weinshenker D, Manvich DF. Effects of the selective dopamine D 3 receptor antagonist PG01037 on morphine-induced hyperactivity and antinociception in mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 415:113506. [PMID: 34352292 PMCID: PMC8403645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent preclinical studies have reported that pretreatment with the novel and highly-selective dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists R-VK4-40 or VK4-116 attenuates the abuse-related behavioral effects of oxycodone while enhancing its analgesic properties. However, whether these observed effects are generalizable to the broad class of D3R antagonists and/or extend to opioids other than oxycodone has not been extensively explored. The present study sought to assess the impact of pretreatment with another selective D3R antagonist, PG01037, on several behavioral effects of morphine in mice. C57Bl/6 J mice were pretreated with PG01037 (0-10 mg/kg) and tested for 1) hyperlocomotion induced by acute morphine (5.6-56 mg/kg), 2) locomotor sensitization following repeated morphine (56 mg/kg), 3) antinociception following acute morphine (18 mg/kg), and 4) catalepsy following administration of PG01037 alone or in combination with morphine (56 mg/kg). PG01037 dose-dependently attenuated morphine-induced hyperlocomotion and morphine-induced antinociception at doses that did not alter basal locomotion or nociception alone, but did not prevent the induction of locomotor sensitization following repeated morphine administration. Moreover, PG01037 did not induce catalepsy either alone or in combination with morphine. These results suggest that attenuation of acute opioid-induced hyperactivity may be a behavioral effect shared among D3R-selective antagonists, thus supporting continued investigations into their use as potential treatments for opioid use disorder. However, PG01037 is unlike newer, highly-selective D3R antagonists in its capacity to reduce opioid-induced antinociception, indicating that modulation of opioid analgesia may vary across different D3R antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Botz-Zapp
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - Stephanie L. Foster
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - Desta M. Pulley
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Briana Hempel
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA 21224
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA 21224
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA 21224
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA 21224
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - Daniel F. Manvich
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nguyen JD, Grant Y, Taffe MA. Paradoxical changes in brain reward status during oxycodone self-administration in a novel test of the negative reinforcement hypothesis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3797-3812. [PMID: 33948939 PMCID: PMC8387405 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The extra medical use of, and addiction to, prescription opioid analgesics is a growing health problem. To characterize how prescription opioid abuse develops, this study investigated the affective consequences of escalating prescription opioid use using intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) reward and oxycodone intravenous self-administration (IVSA) models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Wistar rats were given access to oxycodone IVSA (0.15 mg·kg-1 per infusion, i.v.) in short-access (ShA; 1 h) or long-access (LgA; 12 h) sessions for five sessions per week followed by intermittent 60-h discontinuations from drug access, a novel explicit test of the negative reinforcement hypothesis. Separate groups were first trained in the ICSS procedure and then in oxycodone IVSA in 11-h LgA sessions. KEY RESULTS Rats given LgA to oxycodone escalated their responding more than ShA rats, with further significant increases observed following each 60-h discontinuation. Presession brain reward thresholds increased with sequential daily LgA IVSA sessions, consistent with a growing negative affective state consequent to successive daily intoxication/abstinence cycles. A 1-h oxycodone IVSA interval was sufficient to normalize these elevated reward thresholds, as was, paradoxically, a 60-h weekend abstinence. The increase in ICSS thresholds was attenuated in a group treated with the long-acting κ-opioid antagonist norbinaltorphimine prior to IVSA training. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Changes in brain reward function during escalation of oxycodone self-administration are driven by an interplay between κ-opioid receptor-mediated negative affective state associated with escalated oxycodone intake and dynamic restoration of brain reward status during longer periods of abstinence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques D. Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Yanabel Grant
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Michael A. Taffe
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Appiah-Kubi P, Olotu FA, Soliman MES. Exploring the structural basis and atomistic binding mechanistic of the selective antagonist blockade at D 3 dopamine receptor over D 2 dopamine receptor. J Mol Recognit 2021; 34:e2885. [PMID: 33401335 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
More recently, there has been a paradigm shift toward selective drug targeting in the treatment of neurological disorders, including drug addiction, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease mediated by the different dopamine receptor subtypes. Antagonists with higher selectivity for D3 dopamine receptor (D3DR) over D2 dopamine receptor (D2DR) have been shown to attenuate drug-seeking behavior and associated side effects compared to non-subtype selective antagonists. However, high conservations among constituent residues of both proteins, particularly at the ligand-binding pockets, remain a challenge to therapeutic drug design. Recent studies have reported the discovery of two small-molecules R-VK4-40 and Y-QA31 which substantially inhibited D3DR with >180-fold selectivity over D2DR. Therefore, in this study, we seek to provide molecular and structural insights into these differential binding mechanistic using meta-analytic computational simulation methods. Findings revealed that R-VK4-40 and Y-QA31 adopted shallow binding modes and were more surface-exposed at D3DR while on the contrary, they exhibited deep hydrophobic pocket binding at D2DR. Also, two non-conserved residues; Tyr361.39 and Ser18245.51 were identified in D3DR, based on their crucial roles and contributions to the selective binding of R-VK4-40 and Y-QA31. Importantly, both antagonists exhibited high affinities in complex with D3DR compared to D2DR, while van der Waals energies contributed majorly to their binding and stability. Structural analyses also revealed the distinct stabilizing effects of both compounds on D3DR secondary architecture relative to D2DR. Therefore, findings herein pinpointed the origin and mechanistic of selectivity of the compounds, which may assist in the rational design of potential small molecules of the D2 -like dopamine family receptor subtype with improved potency and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Appiah-Kubi
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fisayo Andrew Olotu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Galaj E, Newman AH, Xi ZX. Dopamine D3 receptor-based medication development for the treatment of opioid use disorder: Rationale, progress, and challenges. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:38-52. [PMID: 32376243 PMCID: PMC7252042 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Opioid abuse and related overdose deaths continue to rise in the United States, contributing to the current national opioid crisis. Although several opioid-based pharmacotherapies are available (e.g., methadone, buprenorphine, naloxone), they show limited effectiveness in long-term relapse prevention. In response to the opioid crisis, the National Institute on Drug Abuse proposed a list of pharmacological targets of highest priority for medication development for the treatment of opioid use disorders (OUD). Among these are antagonists of dopamine D3 receptors (D3R). In this review, we first review recent progress in research of the dopamine hypothesis of opioid reward and abuse and then describe the rationale and recent development of D3R ligands for the treatment of OUD. Herein, an emphasis is placed on the effectiveness of newly developed D3R antagonists in the animal models of OUD. These new drug candidates may also potentiate the analgesic effects of clinically used opioids, making them attractive as adjunctive medications for pain management and treatment of OUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kimbrough A, Kononoff J, Simpson S, Kallupi M, Sedighim S, Palomino K, Conlisk D, Momper JD, de Guglielmo G, George O. Oxycodone self-administration and withdrawal behaviors in male and female Wistar rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1545-1555. [PMID: 32114633 PMCID: PMC7269712 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Over the last decade, oxycodone has become one of the most widely abused drugs in the USA. Oxycodone use disorder (OUD) is a serious health problem that has prompted a need to develop animal models of OUD that have both face and predictive validity. Oxycodone use in humans is more prevalent in women and leads to pronounced hyperalgesia and irritability during withdrawal. However, unclear is whether current animal models of oxycodone self-administration recapitulate these characteristics in humans. OBJECTIVES We assessed the face validity of a model of extended-access oxycodone self-administration in rats by examining the escalation of oxycodone intake and behavioral symptoms of withdrawal, including irritability-like behavior and mechanical nociception, in male and female Wistar rats. RESULTS Both male and female rats escalated their oxycodone intake over fourteen 12-h self-administration sessions. After escalation, female rats administered more drug than male rats. No differences in plasma oxycodone levels were identified, but males had a significantly higher level of oxycodone in the brain at 30 min. Extended access to oxycodone significantly decreased aggressive-like behavior and increased defensive-like behaviors when tested immediately after a 12-h self-administration session, followed by a rebound increase in aggressive-like behavior 12 h into withdrawal. Tests of mechanical nociception thresholds during withdrawal indicated pronounced hyperalgesia. No sex differences in irritability-like behavior or pain sensitivity were observed. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the face validity of the extended access model of oxycodone self-administration by identifying sex differences in the escalation of oxycodone intake and pronounced changes in pain and affective states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kimbrough
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA 92093-0737, USA
| | - Jenni Kononoff
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sierra Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA 92093-0737, USA,Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA 92093-0737, USA
| | - Sharona Sedighim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA 92093-0737, USA
| | - Kenia Palomino
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dana Conlisk
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeremiah D. Momper
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA 92093-0737, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0737, USA.
| |
Collapse
|