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Cizus E, Jasinskyte U, Guzulaitis R. Effects of acute and chronic ketamine administration on spontaneous and evoked brain activity. Brain Res 2024; 1846:149232. [PMID: 39260789 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is believed to be, at least in part, a dysfunction of the glutamatergic system. In line with anatomical evidence, suppressing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) neurotransmission leads to symptoms that are characteristic of schizophrenia. Rodent models of schizophrenia often involve the acute application of NMDA antagonists, which produce both behavioural and brain activity changes that closely resemble symptoms observed in schizophrenia. It is, however, important to note that the full spectrum of schizophrenia symptoms may not be manifested following the acute suppression of NMDA receptors. This has led to the proposal of a chronic model where NMDA receptors are suppressed for prolonged periods. Although the chronic model has shown promising results from a behavioural perspective and alterations in metabolic processes in the brain, its impact on brain oscillations remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of acute and chronic NMDA neurotransmission suppression on brains' oscillatory activity. To achieve this, chronic brain activity recordings in mice of both sexes were used to assess both spontaneous and evoked brain oscillations. The study demonstrates that an acute suppression of NMDA receptors alters brain oscillations across a wide frequency spectrum and diminishes the oscillatory potency in evoked responses, paralleling changes observed in schizophrenia. However, the chronic suppression of NMDA receptors did not have the expected cumulative effect on brain activity. This research highlights the robust yet similar impacts of acute and chronic NMDA receptor suppression on brain activity, contributing to the nuanced understanding of rodent models of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestas Cizus
- The Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Urte Jasinskyte
- The Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
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2
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Adeniyi PA, Adeyelu TT, Shrestha A, Liu CC, Lee CC. Prenatal and postnatal methamphetamine exposure alters prefrontal cortical gene expression and behavior in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1286872. [PMID: 38505323 PMCID: PMC10949922 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1286872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a highly abused psychostimulant that substantially impacts public health. Prenatal and postnatal methamphetamine exposure alters gene expression, brain development, and behavior in the offspring, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully defined. To assess these adverse outcomes in the offspring, we employed a mouse model of prenatal and postnatal methamphetamine exposure. Juvenile offspring were behaviorally assessed on the open field, novel object recognition, Y-maze, and forced swim tests. In addition, RNA sequencing was used to explore potential alterations in prefrontal cortical gene expression. We found that methamphetamine-exposed mice exhibited decreased locomotor activity and impaired cognitive performance. In addition, differential expression of genes involved in neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation were found with notable changes in dopaminergic signaling pathways. These data suggest potential neural and molecular mechanisms underlying methamphetamine-exposed behavioral changes. The altered expression of genes involved in dopaminergic signaling and synaptic plasticity highlights potential targets for therapeutic interventions for substance abuse disorders and related psychiatric complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Adeniyi
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tolulope T. Adeyelu
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Amita Shrestha
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Charles C. Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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3
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Percelay S, Lahogue C, Billard JM, Freret T, Boulouard M, Bouet V. The 3-hit animal models of schizophrenia: Improving strategy to decipher and treat the disease? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105526. [PMID: 38176632 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex disease related to combination and interactions between genetic and environmental factors, with an epigenetic influence. After the development of the first mono-factorial animal models of schizophrenia (1-hit), that reproduced patterns of either positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms, more complex models combining two factors (2-hit) have been developed to better fit with the multifactorial etiology of the disease. In the two past decades, a new way to design animal models of schizophrenia have emerged by adding a third hit (3-hit). This review aims to discuss the relevance of the risk factors chosen for the tuning of the 3-hit animal models, as well as the validities measurements and their contribution to schizophrenia understanding. We intended to establish a comprehensive overview to help in the choice of factors for the design of multiple-hit animal models of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenn Percelay
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Caroline Lahogue
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Billard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Freret
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Michel Boulouard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Valentine Bouet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, 14000 Caen, France.
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4
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Yang JC, Troutman R, Buri H, Gutta A, Situ J, Aja E, Jacobs JP. Ileal Dysbiosis Is Associated with Increased Acoustic Startle in the 22q11.2 Microdeletion Mouse Model of Schizophrenia. Nutrients 2023; 15:3631. [PMID: 37630824 PMCID: PMC10458577 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies involving transplantation of feces from schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and their healthy controls into germ-free mice have demonstrated that the gut microbiome plays a critical role in mediating SCZ-linked physiology and behavior. To date, only one animal model (a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 knockout) of SCZ has been reported to recapitulate SCZ-linked gut dysbiosis. Since human 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome is associated with increased risk of SCZ, we investigated whether the 22q11.2 microdeletion ("Q22") mouse model of SCZ exhibits both SCZ-linked behaviors and intestinal dysbiosis. We demonstrated that Q22 mice display increased acoustic startle response and ileal (but not colonic) dysbiosis, which may be due to the role of the ileum as an intestinal region with high immune and neuroimmune activity. We additionally identified a negative correlation between the abundance of a Streptococcus species in the ilea of Q22 mice and their acoustic startle response, providing early evidence of a gut-brain relationship in these mice. Given the translational relevance of this mouse model, our work suggests that Q22 mice could have considerable utility in preclinical research probing the relationship between gut dysbiosis and the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Ching Yang
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Ryan Troutman
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Heidi Buri
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Arjun Gutta
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Jamilla Situ
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Ezinne Aja
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Patrick Jacobs
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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Harda Z, Misiołek K, Klimczak M, Chrószcz M, Rodriguez Parkitna J. C57BL/6N mice show a sub-strain specific resistance to the psychotomimetic effects of ketamine. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1057319. [PMID: 36505728 PMCID: PMC9731130 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1057319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated administration of subanesthetic doses of ketamine is a model of psychosis-like state in rodents. In mice, this treatment produces a range of behavioral deficits, including impairment in social interactions and locomotion. To date, these phenotypes were described primarily in the Swiss and C3H/HeHsd mouse strains. A few studies investigated ketamine-induced behaviors in the C57BL/6J strain, but to our knowledge the C57BL/6N strain was not investigated thus far. This is surprising, as both C57BL/6 sub-strains are widely used in behavioral and neuropsychopharmacological research, and are de facto standards for characterization of drug effects. The goal of this study was to determine if C57BL/6N mice are vulnerable to develop social deficits after 5 days withdrawal from sub-chronic ketamine treatment (5 days, 30 mg/kg, i.p.), an experimental schedule shown before to cause deficits in social interactions in C57BL/6J mice. Our results show that sub-chronic administration of ketamine that was reported to cause psychotic-like behavior in C57BL/6J mice does not induce appreciable behavioral alterations in C57BL/6N mice. Thus, we show that the effects of sub-chronic ketamine treatment in mice are sub-strain specific.
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6
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Plekanchuk VS, Prokudina OI, Ryazanova MA. Social behavior and spatial orientation in rat strains with genetic predisposition to catatonia (GC) and stereotypes (PM). Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:281-289. [PMID: 35733816 PMCID: PMC9164122 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various psychopathologies, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression, are associated with abnormalities in social behavior and learning. One of the syndromes that may also take place in these disorders is catatonia. Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome in which motor excitement, stereotypy, stuporous state, including the phenomenon of “waxy flexibility” (catalepsy), can be observed. Rats with genetic catatonia (GC) and pendulum-like movements (PM) of the anterior half of the body have physiological and behavioral changes similar to those observed in schizophrenia and depression in humans and can be considered as incomplete experimental models of these pathologies. The social behavior of the GC and PM rats has not been previously studied, and the cognitive abilities of animals of these strains are also insufficiently studied. To determine whether the GC and PM rats have changes in social behavior and spatial learning, behavioral phenotyping was performed in the residentintruder test, three-chamber test, Barnes maze test. Some deviations in social behavior, such as increased offensive aggression in PM rats in the resident-intruder test, increased or decreased social interactions depending on the environment in different tests in GC, were shown. In addition, principal component analysis revealed a negative association between catatonic freezing and the socialization index in the three-chamber test. Decreased locomotor activity of GС rats can adversely affect the performance of tasks on spatial memory. It has been shown that PM rats do not use a spatial strategy in the Barnes maze, which may indicate impairment of learning and spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Plekanchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University
| | - O. I. Prokudina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - M. A. Ryazanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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7
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Effects of early life adversities upon memory processes and cognition in rodent models. Neuroscience 2022; 497:282-307. [PMID: 35525496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stressors in early postnatal life induces long-lasting modifications in brainfunction.Thisplasticity,an essential characteristic of the brain that enables adaptation to the environment, may also induce impairments in some psychophysiological functions, including learning and memory. Early life stress (ELS) has long-term effects on thehypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axisresponse to stressors, and has been reported to lead toneuroinflammation,altered levelsof neurotrophic factors, modifications inneurogenesis andsynaptic plasticity,with changes in neurotransmitter systems and network functioning. In this review, we focus on early postnatal stress in animal models and their effects on learning and memory.Many studies have reported ELS-induced impairments in different types of memories, including spatial memory, fear memory, recognition (both for objects and social) memory, working memory and reversal learning. Studies are not always in agreement, however, no effects, or sometimes facilitation, being reported, depending on the nature and intensity of the early intervention, as well as the age when the outcome was evaluated and the sex of the animals. When considering processes occurring after consolidation, related with memory maintenance or modification, there are a very reduced number of reports. Future studies addressing the mechanisms underlying memory changes for ELS should shed some light on the understanding of the different effects induced by stressors of different types and intensities on cognitive functions.
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Maly IV, Morales MJ, Pletnikov MV. Astrocyte Bioenergetics and Major Psychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 26:173-227. [PMID: 34888836 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77375-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing research continues to add new elements to the emerging picture of involvement of astrocyte energy metabolism in the pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, mood disorders, and addictions. This review outlines what is known about the energy metabolism in astrocytes, the most numerous cell type in the brain, and summarizes the recent work on how specific perturbations of astrocyte bioenergetics may contribute to the neuropsychiatric conditions. The role of astrocyte energy metabolism in mental health and disease is reviewed on the organism, organ, and cell level. Data arising from genomic, metabolomic, in vitro, and neurobehavioral studies is critically analyzed to suggest future directions in research and possible metabolism-focused therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Maly
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Morales
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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9
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Sultana R, Brooks CB, Shrestha A, Ogundele OM, Lee CC. Perineuronal Nets in the Prefrontal Cortex of a Schizophrenia Mouse Model: Assessment of Neuroanatomical, Electrophysiological, and Behavioral Contributions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11140. [PMID: 34681799 PMCID: PMC8538055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose etiopathogenesis includes changes in cellular as well as extracellular structures. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) associated with parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVs) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are dysregulated in schizophrenia. However, the postnatal development of these structures along with their associated neurons in the PFC is unexplored, as is their effects on behavior and neural activity. Therefore, in this study, we employed a DISC1 (Disruption in Schizophrenia) mutation mouse model of schizophrenia to assess these developmental changes and tested whether enzymatic digestion of PNNs in the PFC affected schizophrenia-like behaviors and neural activity. Developmentally, we found that the normal formation of PNNs, PVs, and colocalization of these two in the PFC, peaked around PND 22 (postnatal day 22). However, in DISC1, mutation animals from PND 0 to PND 60, both PNNs and PVs were significantly reduced. After enzymatic digestion of PNNs with chondroitinase in adult animals, the behavioral pattern of control animals mimicked that of DISC1 mutation animals, exhibiting reduced sociability, novelty and increased ultrasonic vocalizations, while there was very little change in other behaviors, such as working memory (Y-maze task involving medial temporal lobe) or depression-like behavior (tail-suspension test involving processing via the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis). Moreover, following chondroitinase treatment, electrophysiological recordings from the PFC exhibited a reduced proportion of spontaneous, high-frequency firing neurons, and an increased proportion of irregularly firing neurons, with increased spike count and reduced inter-spike intervals in control animals. These results support the proposition that the aberrant development of PNNs and PVs affects normal neural operations in the PFC and contributes to the emergence of some of the behavioral phenotypes observed in the DISC1 mutation model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia Sultana
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.B.B.); (A.S.); (O.M.O.)
| | | | | | | | - Charles Chulsoo Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.B.B.); (A.S.); (O.M.O.)
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10
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Percelay S, Freret T, Turnbull N, Bouet V, Boulouard M. Combination of MAP6 deficit, maternal separation and MK801 in female mice: A 3-hit animal model of neurodevelopmental disorder with cognitive deficits. Behav Brain Res 2021; 413:113473. [PMID: 34280461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disease still lacking efficient treatment, particularly for cognitive deficits. To go further in research of new treatments that would encompass all the symptoms associated with this pathology, preclinical animal models need to be improved. To date, the aetiology of schizophrenia is unknown, but there is increasing evidence to highlight its multifactorial nature. We built a new neurodevelopmental mouse model gathering a triple factor combination (3-M): a genetic factor (partial deletion of MAP6 gene), an early stress (maternal separation) and a late pharmacological factor (MK801 administration, 0.05 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 5 days). The effects of each factor and of their combination were investigated on several behaviours including cognitive functions. While each individual factor induced slight deficits in one or another behavioural test, 3-M conditioning induces a wider phenotype with hyperlocomotion and cognitive deficits (working memory and social recognition). This study confirms the hypothesis that genetic, environmental and pharmacological factors, even if not deleterious by themselves, could act synergistically to induce a deleterious behavioural phenotype. It moreover encourages the use of such combined models to improve translational research on neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenn Percelay
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, 14000, Caen, France.
| | - Thomas Freret
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Nicole Turnbull
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Valentine Bouet
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Michel Boulouard
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, 14000, Caen, France
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11
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Albores-Garcia D, McGlothan JL, Guilarte TR. Early-life lead exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2021; 26:22-27. [PMID: 34013137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb2+) exposure is a global public health problem of major proportion with an alarming number of children with blood Pb2+ levels > 10 >g/dL, twice the current CDC reference level for Pb2+ exposure. Mounting evidence from population-based studies suggests an association between chronic early life Pb2+ exposure (CELLE) and psychiatric disorders, specifically schizophrenia (SZ). Preclinical studies suggest a common mechanism in the pathophysiology of CELLE and SZ, NMDA receptor hypofunction. Here we describe human and experimental animal studies providing the evidence for such an association. Further, recent preclinical studies indicate that Pb2+-induced changes in neurotransmitter receptors that mediate the action(s) of drugs of abuse are increased in brain regions associated with addiction circuits in adolescence, a period of increased susceptibility to drug use and abuse and expression of psychiatric disease in humans. In summary, the relationship between the global burden of childhood Pb2+ exposure and the latent onset of psychiatric disorders and predisposition to drug use requires further investigations in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Albores-Garcia
- Brain, Behavior & the Environment Program Department of Environmental Health Sciences Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work Florida International University Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - J L McGlothan
- Brain, Behavior & the Environment Program Department of Environmental Health Sciences Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work Florida International University Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - T R Guilarte
- Brain, Behavior & the Environment Program Department of Environmental Health Sciences Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work Florida International University Miami, FL 33199, United States
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12
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Ma ZX, Zhang RY, Rui WJ, Wang ZQ, Feng X. Quercetin alleviates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors by promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis via FoxG1/CREB/ BDNF signaling pathway. Behav Brain Res 2021; 406:113245. [PMID: 33745981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been reported to exert antidepressant effects, however, the underlying mechanisms are still uncertain. Recent studies have demonstrated that Forkhead box transcription factor G1 (FoxG1) regulates the process of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and exerts neuroprotective effects. In this study, we explored whether quercetin plays an anti-depressant role via regulation of FoxG1 signaling in mice and revealed the potential mechanisms. To explore the antidepressant effects of quercetin, mice were subjected to behavioral tests after a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) exposure. We found that chronic quercetin treatment (15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg) obviously restored the weight loss of mice caused by CUMS and alleviated CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors, such as increased sucrose consumption, improved locomotor activity and shorten immobility time. In addition, to clarify the relationship between quercetin and AHN, we detected neurogenesis markers in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Furthermore, FoxG1-siRNA was employed and then stimulated with quercetin to further investigate the mechanism by which FoxG1 participates in the antidepressant effects of quercetin. Our results indicate that chronic quercetin treatment dramatically increased the number of doublecortin (DCX)-positive and BrdU/NeuN-double positive cells. Besides, the expression levels of FoxG1, p-CREB and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were also enhanced by quercetin in the DG. Strikingly, quercetin failed to reverse the levels of p-CREB and BDNF after FoxG1-siRNA was performed in SH-SY5Y cells and Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs). Our results thus far suggest that quercetin might exert antidepressant effects via promotion of AHN by FoxG1/CREB/ BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Xuan Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wen-Juan Rui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Percelay S, Billard JM, Freret T, Andrieux A, Boulouard M, Bouet V. Functional Dysregulations in CA1 Hippocampal Networks of a 3-Hit Mouse Model of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2644. [PMID: 33807989 PMCID: PMC7961987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For a better translation from treatment designs of schizophrenia to clinical efficiency, there is a crucial need to refine preclinical animal models. In order to consider the multifactorial nature of the disorder, a new mouse model associating three factors (genetic susceptibility-partial deletion of the MAP6 gene, early-life stress-maternal separation, and pharmacological treatment-chronic Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol during adolescence) has recently been described. While this model depicts a schizophrenia-like phenotype, the neurobiological correlates remain unknown. Synaptic transmission and functional plasticity of the CA1 hippocampal region of male and female 3-hit mice were therefore investigated using electrophysiological recordings on the hippocampus slice. While basal excitatory transmission remained unaffected, NMDA receptor (NMDAr)-mediated long-term potentiation (LTP) triggered by theta-burst (TBS) but not by high-frequency (HFS) stimulation was impaired in 3-hit mice. Isolated NMDAr activation was not affected or even increased in female 3-hit mice, revealing a sexual dimorphism. Considering that the regulation of LTP is more prone to inhibitory tone if triggered by TBS than by HFS, the weaker potentiation in 3-hit mice suggests a deficiency of intrinsic GABA regulatory mechanisms. Indeed, NMDAr activation was increased by GABAA receptor blockade in wild-type but not in 3-hit mice. This electrophysiological study highlights dysregulations of functional properties and plasticity in hippocampal networks of 3-hit mice, one of the mechanisms suspected to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. It also shows differences between males and females, supporting the sexual dimorphism observed in the disorder. Combined with the previously reported study, the present data reinforce the face validity of the 3-hit model that will help to consider new therapeutic strategies for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenn Percelay
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (J.-M.B.); (T.F.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Jean-Marie Billard
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (J.-M.B.); (T.F.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Thomas Freret
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (J.-M.B.); (T.F.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Inserm U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Michel Boulouard
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (J.-M.B.); (T.F.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Valentine Bouet
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (J.-M.B.); (T.F.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
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14
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Bouet V, Percelay S, Leroux E, Diarra B, Léger M, Delcroix N, Andrieux A, Dollfus S, Freret T, Boulouard M. A new 3-hit mouse model of schizophrenia built on genetic, early and late factors. Schizophr Res 2021; 228:519-528. [PMID: 33298334 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Whether the etiology of schizophrenia remains unknown, its multifactorial aspect is conversely now well admitted. However, most preclinical models of the disease still rely on a mono-factorial construction and do not allow discover unequivocal treatments, particularly for negative and cognitive symptoms. The main interaction factors that have been implicated in schizophrenia are a genetic predisposition and unfavorable environmental factors. Here we propose a new animal model combining a genetic predisposition (1st hit: partial deletion of MAP-6 (microtubule-associated protein)) with an early postnatal stress (2nd hit: 24 h maternal separation at post-natal day 9), and a late cannabinoid exposure during adolescence (3rd hit: tetrahydrocannabinol THC from post-natal day 32 to 52; 8 mg/kg/day). The 2-hit mice displayed spatial memory deficits, decreased cortical thickness and fractional anisotropy of callosal fibers. The 3-hit mice were more severely affected as attested by supplementary deficits such a decrease in spontaneous activity, sociability-related behavior, working memory performances, an increase in anxiety-like behavior, a decrease in hippocampus volume together with impaired integrity of corpus callosum fibers (less axons, less myelin). Taken together, these results show that the new 3-hit model displays several landmarks mimicking negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, conferring a high relevance for research of new treatments. Moreover, this 3-hit model possesses a strong construct validity, which fits with gene x environment interactions hypothesis of schizophrenia. The 2-hit model, which associates maternal separation with THC exposure in wild-type mice gives a less severe phenotype, and could be useful for research on other forms of psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Bouet
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHYU CAEN, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Solenn Percelay
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHYU CAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Elise Leroux
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA 7466 ISTS, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Boubacar Diarra
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHYU CAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Marianne Léger
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHYU CAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Delcroix
- CNRS, UMS 3408, GIP CYCERON, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP5229, 14074 Caen cedex, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sonia Dollfus
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA 7466 ISTS, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Freret
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHYU CAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Michel Boulouard
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHYU CAEN, 14000 Caen, France
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15
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Martel JC, Gatti McArthur S. Dopamine Receptor Subtypes, Physiology and Pharmacology: New Ligands and Concepts in Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1003. [PMID: 32765257 PMCID: PMC7379027 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine receptors are widely distributed within the brain where they play critical modulator roles on motor functions, motivation and drive, as well as cognition. The identification of five genes coding for different dopamine receptor subtypes, pharmacologically grouped as D1- (D1 and D5) or D2-like (D2S, D2L, D3, and D4) has allowed the demonstration of differential receptor function in specific neurocircuits. Recent observation on dopamine receptor signaling point at dopamine-glutamate-NMDA neurobiology as the most relevant in schizophrenia and for the development of new therapies. Progress in the chemistry of D1- and D2-like receptor ligands (agonists, antagonists, and partial agonists) has provided more selective compounds possibly able to target the dopamine receptors homo and heterodimers and address different schizophrenia symptoms. Moreover, an extensive evaluation of the functional effect of these agents on dopamine receptor coupling and intracellular signaling highlights important differences that could also result in highly differentiated clinical pharmacology. The review summarizes the recent advances in the field, addressing the relevance of emerging new targets in schizophrenia in particular in relation to the dopamine - glutamate NMDA systems interactions.
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