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Larson A, Natera-Rodriguez DE, Crane A, Larocca D, Low WC, Grande AW, Lee J. Emerging Roles of Exosomes in Stroke Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6507. [PMID: 38928214 PMCID: PMC11203879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the number one cause of morbidity in the United States and number two cause of death worldwide. There is a critical unmet medical need for more effective treatments of ischemic stroke, and this need is increasing with the shift in demographics to an older population. Recently, several studies have reported the therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived exosomes as new candidates for cell-free treatment in stoke. This review focuses on the use of stem cell-derived exosomes as a potential treatment tool for stroke patients. Therapy using exosomes can have a clear clinical advantage over stem cell transplantation in terms of safety, cost, and convenience, as well as reducing bench-to-bed latency due to fewer regulatory milestones. In this review article, we focus on (1) the therapeutic potential of exosomes in stroke treatment, (2) the optimization process of upstream and downstream production, and (3) preclinical application in a stroke animal model. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges faced by exosome therapy in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Larson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.L.); (D.E.N.-R.); (A.C.); (W.C.L.); (A.W.G.)
| | - Dilmareth E. Natera-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.L.); (D.E.N.-R.); (A.C.); (W.C.L.); (A.W.G.)
| | - Andrew Crane
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.L.); (D.E.N.-R.); (A.C.); (W.C.L.); (A.W.G.)
| | - Dana Larocca
- DC Biotechnology Consulting, Alameda, CA 94501, USA;
| | - Walter C. Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.L.); (D.E.N.-R.); (A.C.); (W.C.L.); (A.W.G.)
| | - Andrew W. Grande
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.L.); (D.E.N.-R.); (A.C.); (W.C.L.); (A.W.G.)
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jieun Lee
- UniverXome Bioengineering, Inc. (Formerly Known as AgeX Therapeutics Inc.), Alameda, CA 94501, USA
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2
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Association between reversine dose and increased plasticity of dedifferentiated fat (DFAT cells) into cardiac derived cells. COR ET VASA 2022. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2022.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhou JF, Xiong Y, Kang X, Pan Z, Zhu Q, Goldbrunner R, Stavrinou L, Lin S, Hu W, Zheng F, Stavrinou P. Application of stem cells and exosomes in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage: an update. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:281. [PMID: 35765072 PMCID: PMC9241288 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage is a highly destructive intracranial disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. The main risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage include hypertension, amyloidosis, vasculitis, drug abuse, coagulation dysfunction, and genetic factors. Clinically, surviving patients with intracerebral hemorrhage exhibit different degrees of neurological deficits after discharge. In recent years, with the development of regenerative medicine, an increasing number of researchers have begun to pay attention to stem cell and exosome therapy as a new method for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage, owing to their intrinsic potential in neuroprotection and neurorestoration. Many animal studies have shown that stem cells can directly or indirectly participate in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage through regeneration, differentiation, or secretion. However, considering the uncertainty of its safety and efficacy, clinical studies are still lacking. This article reviews the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage using stem cells and exosomes from both preclinical and clinical studies and summarizes the possible mechanisms of stem cell therapy. This review aims to provide a reference for future research and new strategies for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaodong Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhigang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Qiangbin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hui'an County Hospital of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Center for Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lampis Stavrinou
- 2nd Department of Neurosurgery, Athens Medical School, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China. .,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Pantelis Stavrinou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Center for Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Neurosurgery, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Hsieh HL, Liang CC, Lu CY, Yang JT, Chung CY, Ko YS, Lee TH. Induced pluripotent stem cells can improve thrombolytic effect of low-dose rt-PA after acute carotid thrombosis in rat. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:549. [PMID: 34674761 PMCID: PMC8532293 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intravenous thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Standard-dose rt-PA (0.9 mg/kg) is known to achieve good recanalization but carries a high bleeding risk. Lower dose of rt-PA has less bleeding risk but carries a high re-occlusion rate. We investigate if induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can improve the thrombolytic effect of low-dose rt-PA (0.45 mg/kg). Methods Single irradiation with 6 mW/cm2 light-emitting diode (LED) for 4 h at rat common carotid artery was used as thrombosis model according to our previous report. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) were used as the inflammatory markers for artery endothelial injury. Angiopoietin-2 (AP-2), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were examined in artery wall and iPSCs culture. Animal ultrasound was used to evaluate the stenosis degree of common carotid artery before and at 2 h, 24 h, 4 days and 7 days after LED irradiation. Results After LED irradiation alone, there was a persistent occlusion from 2 h to 7 days. Standard-dose rt-PA alone could recanalize the occluded artery from 24 h to 7 days to stenotic degree ≤ 50%. Low-dose rt-PA or 1 × 106 mouse iPSCs alone could not recanalize the occluded arteries from 2 h to 7 days. Combination use of low-dose rt-PA plus 1 × 106 mouse iPSCs caused better recanalization from 24 h to 7 days. ET-1, ICAM-1 and IL-1 beta were strongly expressed after LED irradiation but reduced after iPSCs treatment. AP-2, BDNF and VEGF were rarely induced after LED irradiation but strongly expressed after iPSCs treatment. In vitro study showed iPSCs could express AP-2, BDNF and VEGF. Conclusion The adjuvant use of iPSCs may help improving the thrombolytic effect of low-dose rt-PA by suppressing inflammatory factors and inducing angiogenic trophic factors. Stem cells could be a potential regimen in acute thrombolytic therapy to improve recanalization and reduce complications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02615-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chung Liang
- Female Urology Section, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-You Lu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsung Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yen Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shien Ko
- The First Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Hai Lee
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, Fu-Hsing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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Jia G, Diao Z, Liu Y, Sun C, Wang C. Neural stem cell-conditioned medium ameliorates Aβ25-35-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells by protecting mitochondrial function. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:179-186. [PMID: 32156251 PMCID: PMC7982066 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of amyloid β (Aβ)-induced mitochondrial damage is considered crucial for reducing the pathological damage in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We evaluated the effect of neural stem cell-conditioned medium (NSC-CDM) on Aβ25–35-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells. An in vitro model of AD was established by treating SH-SY5Y cells with 40 μM Aβ25–35 for 24 h. SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control, Aβ25–35 (40 μM), Aβ25–35 (40 μM) + NSC-CDM, and Aβ25–35 (40 μM) + neural stem cell-complete medium (NSC-CPM) groups. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by flow cytometry. Malondialdehyde content was detected by ELISA assay. Western blot analysis was used to detect cytochrome c release and apoptosis-related proteins. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe mitochondrial morphology. Cell viability significantly decreased and apoptosis significantly increased in SH-SY5Y cells treated with Aβ25–35, and both effects were rescued by NSC-CDM. In addition, NSC-CDM reduced ROS production and significantly inhibited the reduction of MMP caused by Aβ25–35. Furthermore, NSC-CDM ameliorated Aβ25–35-induced reduction in Bcl-2 expression levels and increased the expression levels of cytochrome c, caspase-9, caspase-3, and Bax. Moreover, Aβ25–35 induced the destruction of mitochondrial ultrastructure and this effect was reversed by NSC-CDM. Collectively, our findings demonstrated the protective effect of NCS-CDM against Aβ25–35-induced SH-SY5Y cell damage and clarified the mechanism of action of Aβ25–35 in terms of mitochondrial maintenance and mitochondria-associated apoptosis signaling pathways, thus providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel anti-AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Jia
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zengyan Diao
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Congcong Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cuilan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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6
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Lu M, Guo J, Wu B, Zhou Y, Wu M, Farzaneh M, Khoshnam SE. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Mitochondrial Transfer: a Therapeutic Approach for Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 12:212-229. [PMID: 32975692 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death and adult disability worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of stroke-induced neuronal death, and maintaining mitochondrial function is essential in cell survival and neurological progress following ischemic stroke. Stem cell-mediated mitochondrial transfer represents an emerging therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke. Accumulating evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can directly transfer healthy mitochondria to damaged cells, and rescue mitochondrial damage-provoked tissue degeneration. This review summarizes the research on MSCs-mediated mitochondrial transfer as a therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Jindong Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Bowen Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Yuhui Zhou
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Mishan Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China. .,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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7
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Dual-modality imaging of endothelial progenitor cells transplanted after ischaemic photothrombotic stroke. Life Sci 2019; 239:116774. [PMID: 31689438 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Stroke is a refractory cerebral blood circulation disorder. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) participate in the repair and regeneration of vascular injury through the combination of cell replacement and bystander effects. Here, we evaluated the biological function of EPCs in treating a mouse model of cerebral ischaemic stroke, using dual-mode bioluminescence and magnetic resonance imaging to trace EPCs in vivo. MAIN METHODS We constructed a viral vector with a luciferase-enhanced green fluorescent protein (Luc-eGFP) reporter gene for bioluminescence imaging (BLI) detection, and simultaneously synthesized the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, nano-sized superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO), to co-label human umbilical cord blood-derived EPCs (hEPCs). The labelled hEPCs were transplanted into mice with stroke, and the biological behaviours of the cells in-vivo were studied using BLI and MRI, and methods of molecular biology and histology. KEY FINDINGS Comparing the two cell transplantation routes by BLI confirmed that many cells transplanted via the left ventricular route homed to ischaemic brain tissue. The dual-modality-imaging showed the prognosis of in-vivo tracking cells after transplantation in ischaemic tissues at different time points. Histological staining and neurological function scores confirmed that EPC transplantation can improve the symptoms of nerve deficit in the mouse stroke model. Histological staining revealed that cell transplantation can lead to recovery of neurological function after stroke, via various processes. These include reduced blood brain barrier permeability, recovery of white matter and of myelin, and the enhancement of neuroneogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE Dual-modality imaging revealed EPCs as potential candidates for the treatment of ischaemic stroke.
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Hu Y, Chen W, Wu L, Jiang L, Qin H, Tang N. Hypoxic preconditioning improves the survival and neural effects of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells via CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling in a rat model of cerebral infarction. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:504-515. [PMID: 31368195 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of neural deficiency after cerebral infarction is challenging, with limited therapeutic options. The transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the ischemic penumbra is a potential therapeutic approach. In the present study, a cerebral infarction model was generated by performing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in SD rats. The expression of CXCR4 increased, and the number of MSCs migrating to the peri-infarct area was higher in rats transplanted with preconditioned MSCs than in rats transplanted with untreated MSCs. The rate of apoptosis, as evaluated by TUNEL staining and immunoblotting assays, was reduced in rats receiving preconditioned MSCs. A significant amelioration of neural regeneration and improved neurological function were observed in rats injected with preconditioned MSCs compared with those injected with untreated MSCs. However, the application of an siRNA targeting CXCL12 significantly inhibited the protective role of preconditioned MSCs against apoptosis and promoted the migration of MSCs to the ischemic area, leading to impaired neuronal regeneration and limited recovery of neuronal function. Hypoxic preconditioning of MSCs prior to transplantation suppressed apoptosis and increased their migration abilities, leading to the promotion of neuronal regeneration and improvement in neural function after transplantation. This preconditioning strategy may be considered as a potential approach for the modification of MSCs prior to cell transplantation therapy in patients with cerebral infarction. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: We found that hypoxic preconditioning of MSCs improved their ability to promote neuronal regeneration and the recovery of neuronal function. Moreover, we showed that CXCR4 inhibited apoptosis, improved cell homing, and promoted neuronal differentiation, without influencing angiogenesis. Our study provides a relatively safe preconditioning method for potential use for cell transplantation therapy in ischemic cerebral infarction. The results presented here will facilitate the development of novel strategies and techniques to improve the tolerance and migration ability of transplanted cells for the treatment of cerebral infarction sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiang Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Basic Chinese, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Basic Chinese, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Basic Chinese, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Scientific Laboratorial Centre Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lingfei Jiang
- Graduate College of Guangxi University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongling Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Nong Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Basic Chinese, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Fang B, Liu Y, Zheng D, Shan S, Wang C, Gao Y, Wang J, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Li Q. The effects of mechanical stretch on the biological characteristics of human adipose-derived stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4244-4255. [PMID: 31020802 PMCID: PMC6533502 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have promised a vast therapeutic potential in tissue regeneration. Recent studies have demonstrated that combining stem cells with mechanical stretch may strengthen the efficacy of regenerative therapies. However, the exact influences of mechanical stretch on MSCs still remain inconclusive. In this study, human ADSCs (hADSCs) were applied cyclic stretch stimulation under an in vitro stretching model for designated duration. We found that mechanical stretch significantly promoted the proliferation, adhesion and migration of hADSCs, suppressing cellular apoptosis and increasing the production of pro‐healing cytokines. For differentiation of hADSCs, mechanical stretch inhibited adipogenesis, but enhanced osteogenesis. Long‐term stretch could promote ageing of hADSCs, but did not alter the cell size and typical immunophenotypic characteristics. Furthermore, we revealed that PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways might participate in the effects of mechanical stretch on the biological characteristics of hADSCs. Taken together, mechanical stretch is an effective strategy for enhancing stem cell behaviour and regulating stem cell fate. The synergy between hADSCs and mechanical stretch would most likely facilitate tissue regeneration and promote the development of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Fang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danning Zheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengzhou Shan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuandong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Janowska J, Sypecka J. Therapeutic Strategies for Leukodystrophic Disorders Resulting from Perinatal Asphyxia: Focus on Myelinating Oligodendrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:4388-4402. [PMID: 28660484 PMCID: PMC5884907 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia results from the action of different risk factors like complications during pregnancy, preterm delivery, or long and difficult labor. Nowadays, it is still the leading cause of neonatal brain injury known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and resulting neurological disorders. A temporal limitation of oxygen, glucose, and trophic factors supply results in alteration of neural cell differentiation and functioning and/or leads to their death. Among the affected cells are oligodendrocytes, responsible for myelinating the central nervous system (CNS) and formation of white matter. Therefore, one of the major consequences of the experienced HIE is leukodystrophic diseases resulting from oligodendrocyte deficiency or malfunctioning. The therapeutic strategies applied after perinatal asphyxia are aimed at reducing brain damage and promoting the endogenous neuroreparative mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the biology of oligodendrocytes and discuss present clinical treatments in the context of their efficiency in preserving white matter structure and preventing cognitive and behavioral deficits after perinatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Janowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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11
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Neural Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium Ameliorated Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4659159. [PMID: 29765412 PMCID: PMC5903322 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4659159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our previous study suggested that NSC-CM (neural stem cell-conditioned medium) inhibited cell apoptosis in vitro. In addition, many studies have shown that neurotrophic factors and microparticles secreted into a conditioned medium by NSCs had neuroprotective effects. Thus, we hypothesized that NSC-CM had the capacity of protecting against cerebral I/R injury. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery as an animal model of cerebral I/R injury were randomly assigned to two groups: the control group and NSC-CM-treated group. 1.5 ml NSC-CM or PBS (phosphate buffer saline) was administrated slowly by tail vein at 3 h, 24 h, and 48 h after ischemia onset. Results NSC-CM significantly ameliorated neurological defects and reduced cerebral infarct volume, accompanied by preserved mitochondrial ultrastructure. In addition, we also found that NSC-CM significantly inhibited cell apoptosis in the ischemic hemisphere via improving the expression of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2). Conclusion NSC-CM might be an alternative and effective therapeutic intervention for ischemic stroke.
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12
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Tsang KS, Ng CPS, Zhu XL, Wong GKC, Lu G, Ahuja AT, Wong KSL, Ng HK, Poon WS. Phase I/II randomized controlled trial of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for chronic stroke. World J Stem Cells 2017; 9:133-143. [PMID: 28928910 PMCID: PMC5583532 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v9.i8.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for intracerebral haemorrhage with neurological dysfunctions for a year.
METHODS MSC were ex vivo expanded from 29 mL (17-42 mL) autologous bone marrow. Patients were randomized to have two intravenous injections of autologous MSC or placebos in four weeks apart. Neurological functions and clinical outcomes were monitored before treatment and at 12th, 16th, 24th, 36th and 60th week upon completion of the treatment.
RESULTS A mean of 4.57 × 107 (range: 1.43 × 107-8.40 × 107) MSC per infusion was administered accounting to 8.54 × 105 (2.65 × 105-1.45 × 106) per kilogram body weight in two occasions. There was neither adverse event at time of administration nor sign of de novo tumour development among patients after monitoring for a year post MSC therapy. Neuro-restoration and clinical improvement in terms of modified Barthel index, functional independence measure and extended Glasgow Outcome Scale were evident among patients having MSC therapy compared to patients receiving placebos.
CONCLUSION Intravenous administration of autologous bone marrow-derived MSC is safe and has the potential of improving neurological functions in chronic stroke patients with severe disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Sze Tsang
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Xian Lun Zhu
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Gang Lu
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anil Tejbhan Ahuja
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Sing Lawrence Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Dunnett SB, Björklund A. Mechanisms and use of neural transplants for brain repair. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2017; 230:1-51. [PMID: 28552225 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Under appropriate conditions, neural tissues transplanted into the adult mammalian brain can survive, integrate, and function so as to influence the behavior of the host, opening the prospect of repairing neuronal damage, and alleviating symptoms associated with neuronal injury or neurodegenerative disease. Alternative mechanisms of action have been postulated: nonspecific effects of surgery; neurotrophic and neuroprotective influences on disease progression and host plasticity; diffuse or locally regulated pharmacological delivery of deficient neurochemicals, neurotransmitters, or neurohormones; restitution of the neuronal and glial environment necessary for proper host neuronal support and processing; promoting local and long-distance host and graft axon growth; formation of reciprocal connections and reconstruction of local circuits within the host brain; and up to full integration and reconstruction of fully functional host neuronal networks. Analysis of neural transplants in a broad range of anatomical systems and disease models, on simple and complex classes of behavioral function and information processing, have indicated that all of these alternative mechanisms are likely to contribute in different circumstances. Thus, there is not a single or typical mode of graft function; rather grafts can and do function in multiple ways, specific to each particular context. Consequently, to develop an effective cell-based therapy, multiple dimensions must be considered: the target disease pathogenesis; the neurodegenerative basis of each type of physiological dysfunction or behavioral symptom; the nature of the repair required to alleviate or remediate the functional impairments of particular clinical relevance; and identification of a suitable cell source or delivery system, along with the site and method of implantation, that can achieve the sought for repair and recovery.
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14
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Zhang L, Wang LM, Chen WW, Ma Z, Han X, Liu CM, Cheng X, Shi W, Guo JJ, Qin JB, Yang XQ, Jin GH, Zhang XH. Neural differentiation of human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves the recovery of neurological function after transplantation in ischemic stroke rats. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1103-1110. [PMID: 28852392 PMCID: PMC5558489 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.211189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) have excellent proliferative ability, differentiation ability, low immunogenicity, and can be easily obtained. However, there are few studies on their application in the treatment of ischemic stroke, therefore their therapeutic effect requires further verification. In this study, hWJ-MSCs were transplanted into an ischemic stroke rat model via the tail vein 48 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. After 4 weeks, neurological functions of the rats implanted with hWJ-MSCs were significantly recovered. Furthermore, many hWJ-MSCs homed to the ischemic frontal cortex whereby they differentiated into neuron-like cells at this region. These results confirm that hWJ-MSCs transplanted into the ischemic stroke rat can differentiate into neuron-like cells to improve rat neurological function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin-Mei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Third People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hosptial of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Bing Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hosptial of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guo-Hua Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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15
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Neuroprotective effect of mesenchymal stem cell through complement component 3 downregulation after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:227-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Kokeny P, Cheng YCN, Liu S, Xie H, Jiang Q. Quantifications of in vivo labeled stem cells based on measurements of magnetic moments. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 35:141-147. [PMID: 27594530 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cells labeled by super paramagnetic iron-oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles are more easily seen in gradient echo MR images, but it has not been shown that the amount of nanoparticles or the number of cells can be directly quantified from MR images. This work utilizes a previously developed and improved Complex Image Summation around a Spherical or Cylindrical Object (CISSCO) method to quantify the magnetic moments of several clusters of SPIO nanoparticle labeled cells from archived rat brain images. With the knowledge of mass magnetization of the cell labeling agent and cell iron uptake, the number of cells in each nanoparticle cluster can be determined. Using a high pass filter with a reasonable size has little effect on each measured magnetic moment from the CISSCO method. These procedures and quantitative results may help improve the efficacy of cell-based treatments in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kokeny
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201.
| | - Yu-Chung N Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201.
| | - Saifeng Liu
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, 761 Lucerne Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - He Xie
- Department of Physics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202
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17
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Zhang Y, Chopp M, Zhang ZG, Katakowski M, Xin H, Qu C, Ali M, Mahmood A, Xiong Y. Systemic administration of cell-free exosomes generated by human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured under 2D and 3D conditions improves functional recovery in rats after traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2016; 111:69-81. [PMID: 27539657 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) improve functional outcome after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present study was designed to investigate whether systemic administration of cell-free exosomes generated from hMSCs cultured in 2-dimensional (2D) conventional conditions or in 3-dimensional (3D) collagen scaffolds promote functional recovery and neurovascular remodeling in rats after TBI. Wistar rats were subjected to TBI induced by controlled cortical impact; 24 h later tail vein injection of exosomes derived from hMSCs cultured under 2D or 3D conditions or an equal number of liposomes as a treatment control were performed. The modified Morris water maze, neurological severity score and footfault tests were employed to evaluate cognitive and sensorimotor functional recovery. Animals were sacrificed at 35 days after TBI. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed for measurements of lesion volume, neurovascular remodeling (angiogenesis and neurogenesis), and neuroinflammation. Compared with liposome-treated control, exosome-treatments did not reduce lesion size but significantly improved spatial learning at 33-35 days measured by the Morris water maze test, and sensorimotor functional recovery, i.e., reduced neurological deficits and footfault frequency, observed at 14-35 days post injury (p < 0.05). Exosome treatments significantly increased the number of newborn endothelial cells in the lesion boundary zone and dentate gyrus, and significantly increased the number of newborn mature neurons in the dentate gyrus as well as reduced neuroinflammation. Exosomes derived from hMSCs cultured in 3D scaffolds provided better outcome in spatial learning than exosomes from hMSCs cultured in the 2D condition. In conclusion, hMSC-generated exosomes significantly improve functional recovery in rats after TBI, at least in part, by promoting endogenous angiogenesis and neurogenesis and reducing neuroinflammation. Thus, exosomes derived from hMSCs may be a novel cell-free therapy for TBI, and hMSC-scaffold generated exosomes may selectively enhance spatial learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | | | - Mark Katakowski
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hongqi Xin
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Changsheng Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Meser Ali
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asim Mahmood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
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18
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Human Umbilical Tissue-Derived Cells Promote Synapse Formation and Neurite Outgrowth via Thrombospondin Family Proteins. J Neurosci 2016; 35:15649-65. [PMID: 26609158 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1364-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cell therapy demonstrates great potential for the treatment of neurological disorders. Human umbilical tissue-derived cells (hUTCs) were previously shown to have protective and regenerative effects in animal models of stroke and retinal degeneration, but the underlying therapeutic mechanisms are unknown. Because synaptic dysfunction, synapse loss, degeneration of neuronal processes, and neuronal death are hallmarks of neurological diseases and retinal degenerations, we tested whether hUTCs contribute to tissue repair and regeneration by stimulating synapse formation, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal survival. To do so, we used a purified rat retinal ganglion cell culture system and found that hUTCs secrete factors that strongly promote excitatory synaptic connectivity and enhance neuronal survival. Additionally, we demonstrated that hUTCs support neurite outgrowth under normal culture conditions and in the presence of the growth-inhibitory proteins chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, myelin basic protein, or Nogo-A (reticulon 4). Furthermore, through biochemical fractionation and pharmacology, we identified the major hUTC-secreted synaptogenic factors as the thrombospondin family proteins (TSPs), TSP1, TSP2, and TSP4. Silencing TSP expression in hUTCs, using small RNA interference, eliminated both the synaptogenic function of these cells and their ability to promote neurite outgrowth. However, the majority of the prosurvival functions of hUTC-conditioned media was spared after TSP knockdown, indicating that hUTCs secrete additional neurotrophic factors. Together, our findings demonstrate that hUTCs affect multiple aspects of neuronal health and connectivity through secreted factors, and each of these paracrine effects may individually contribute to the therapeutic function of these cells. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Human umbilical tissue-derived cells (hUTC) are currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. These cells show great promise for the treatment of neurological disorders; however, the therapeutic effects of these cells on CNS neurons are not fully understood. Here we provide compelling evidence that hUTCs secrete multiple factors that work synergistically to enhance synapse formation and function, and support neuronal growth and survival. Moreover, we identified thrombospondins (TSPs) as the hUTC-secreted factors that mediate the synaptogenic and growth-promoting functions of these cells. Our findings highlight novel paracrine effects of hUTC on CNS neuron health and connectivity and begin to unravel potential therapeutic mechanisms by which these cells elicit their effects.
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19
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Zhu Z, Gan X, Fan H, Yu H. Mechanical stretch endows mesenchymal stem cells stronger angiogenic and anti-apoptotic capacities via NFκB activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:601-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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From disorders of consciousness to early neurorehabilitation using assistive technologies in patients with severe brain damage. Curr Opin Neurol 2015; 28:587-94. [DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Mesenchymal stem cells engineered to express selectin ligands and IL-10 exert enhanced therapeutic efficacy in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Biomaterials 2015; 77:87-97. [PMID: 26584349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) affords the potential to ameliorate the symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in both preclinical and clinical studies. However, the efficacy of MSC-based therapy for MS likely depends on the number of cells that home to inflamed tissues and on the controlled production of paracrine and immunomodulatory factors. Previously, we reported that engineered MSCs expressing P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and Sialyl-Lewis(x) (SLeX) via mRNA transfection facilitated the targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) to inflamed ear. Here, we evaluated whether targeted delivery of MSCs with triple PSGL1/SLeX/IL-10 engineering improves therapeutic outcomes in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model for human MS. We found PSGL-1/SLeX mRNA transfection significantly enhanced MSC homing to the inflamed spinal cord. This is consistent with results from in vitro flow chamber assays in which PSGL-1/SleX mRNA transfection significantly increased the percentage of rolling and adherent cells on activated brain microvascular endothelial cells, which mimic the inflamed endothelium of blood brain/spinal cord barrier in EAE. In addition, IL-10-transfected MSCs show significant inhibitory activity on the proliferation of CD4(+) T lymphocytes from EAE mice. In vivo treatment with MSCs engineered with PSGL-1/SLeX/IL-10 in EAE mice exhibited a superior therapeutic function over native (unmodified) MSCs, evidenced by significantly improved myelination and decreased lymphocytes infiltration into the white matter of the spinal cord. Our strategy of targeted delivery of performance-enhanced MSCs could potentially be utilized to increase the effectiveness of MSC-based therapy for MS and other central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
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22
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Doeppner TR, Herz J, Görgens A, Schlechter J, Ludwig AK, Radtke S, de Miroschedji K, Horn PA, Giebel B, Hermann DM. Extracellular Vesicles Improve Post-Stroke Neuroregeneration and Prevent Postischemic Immunosuppression. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1131-43. [PMID: 26339036 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although the initial concepts of stem cell therapy aimed at replacing lost tissue, more recent evidence has suggested that stem and progenitor cells alike promote postischemic neurological recovery by secreted factors that restore the injured brain's capacity to reshape. Specifically, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from stem cells such as exosomes have recently been suggested to mediate restorative stem cell effects. In order to define whether EVs indeed improve postischemic neurological impairment and brain remodeling, we systematically compared the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) with MSCs that were i.v. delivered to mice on days 1, 3, and 5 (MSC-EVs) or on day 1 (MSCs) after focal cerebral ischemia in C57BL6 mice. For as long as 28 days after stroke, motor coordination deficits, histological brain injury, immune responses in the peripheral blood and brain, and cerebral angiogenesis and neurogenesis were analyzed. Improved neurological impairment and long-term neuroprotection associated with enhanced angioneurogenesis were noticed in stroke mice receiving EVs from two different bone marrow-derived MSC lineages. MSC-EV administration closely resembled responses to MSCs and persisted throughout the observation period. Although cerebral immune cell infiltration was not affected by MSC-EVs, postischemic immunosuppression (i.e., B-cell, natural killer cell, and T-cell lymphopenia) was attenuated in the peripheral blood at 6 days after ischemia, providing an appropriate external milieu for successful brain remodeling. Because MSC-EVs have recently been shown to be apparently safe in humans, the present study provides clinically relevant evidence warranting rapid proof-of-concept studies in stroke patients. SIGNIFICANCE Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offers an interesting adjuvant approach next to thrombolysis for treatment of ischemic stroke. However, MSCs are not integrated into residing neural networks but act indirectly, inducing neuroprotection and promoting neuroregeneration. Although the mechanisms by which MSCs act are still elusive, recent evidence has suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs) might be responsible for MSC-induced effects under physiological and pathological conditions. The present study has demonstrated that EVs are not inferior to MSCs in a rodent stroke model. EVs induce long-term neuroprotection, promote neuroregeneration and neurological recovery, and modulate peripheral post-stroke immune responses. Also, because EVs are well-tolerated in humans, as previously reported, the administration of EVs under clinical settings might set the path for a novel and innovative therapeutic stroke concept without the putative side effects attached to stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Josephine Herz
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jana Schlechter
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Radtke
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kyra de Miroschedji
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter A Horn
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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23
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Hill J, Cave J. Targeting the vasculature to improve neural progenitor transplant survival. Transl Neurosci 2015; 6:162-167. [PMID: 28123800 PMCID: PMC4936624 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2015-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor transplantation is a promising therapeutic option for several neurological diseases and injuries. In nearly all human clinical trials and animal models that have tested this strategy, the low survival rate of progenitors after engraftment remains a significant challenge to overcome. Developing methods to improve the survival rate will reduce the number of cells required for transplant and will likely enhance functional improvements produced by the procedure. Here we briefly review the close relationship between the blood vasculature and neural progenitors in both the embryo and adult nervous system. We also discuss previous studies that have explored the role of the vasculature and hypoxic pre-conditioning in neural transplants. From these studies, we suggest that hypoxic pre-conditioning of a progenitor pool containing both neural and endothelial cells will improve engrafted transplanted neuronal survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Hill
- Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; Burke Rehabilitation Hospital, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10605, USA
| | - John Cave
- Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10605, USA
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24
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Doeppner TR, Hermann DM. Editorial: Stem cells and progenitor cells in ischemic stroke-fashion or future? Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:334. [PMID: 26379504 PMCID: PMC4548157 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School Essen, Germany
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25
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Ma J, Gao J, Hou B, Liu J, Chen S, Yan G, Ren H. Neural stem cell transplantation promotes behavioral recovery in a photothrombosis stroke model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:7838-7848. [PMID: 26339348 PMCID: PMC4555676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy provides a promising approach for treat stroke. Neural stem cells isolated from mice hippocampus possessing the capacity of differentiate into neurons and astrocytes both in vitro and vivo. Here, we investigated the capability of neural stem cell transplantation in photothrombosis stroke model. Nissl staining revealed that the cortical infarct significantly decreased by 16.32% (Vehicle: 27.93le: an mm(3), n=6, NSC: 23.37le: ai mm(3), n=6, P<0.05) in the NSC group compared with the vehicle. More over transplantation of neural stem cells significantly (P<0.01) improved neurological performance compared with vehicle. These results indicate that transplantation of neural stem cell is an effective therapy in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junning Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Junwei Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Boru Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jixing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Sihua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Guizhong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Haijun Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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26
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Burns TC, Verfaillie CM. From mice to mind: Strategies and progress in translating neuroregeneration. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:90-100. [PMID: 25814255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Decisions about what experimental therapies are advanced to clinical trials are based almost exclusively on findings in preclinical animal studies. Over the past 30 years, animal models have forecast the success of hundreds of neuroprotective pharmacological therapies for stroke, Alzheimer׳s disease, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Yet almost without exception, all have failed. Rapid advances in stem cell technologies have raised new hopes that these neurological diseases may one day be treatable. Still, how can neuroregenerative therapies be translated into clinical realities if available animal models are such poor surrogates of human disease? To address this question we discuss human and rodent neurogenesis, evaluate mechanisms of action for cellular therapies and describe progress in translating neuroregeneration to date. We conclude that not only are appropriate animal models critical to the development of safe and effective therapies, but that the multiple mechanisms of stem cell-mediated therapies may be particularly well suited to the mechanistically diverse nature of central nervous system diseases in mice and man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry C Burns
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
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27
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Dulamea AO. The potential use of mesenchymal stem cells in stroke therapy--From bench to bedside. J Neurol Sci 2015; 352:1-11. [PMID: 25818674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the second main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The rationale for the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in stroke is based on the capacity of MSCs to secrete a large variety of bioactive molecules such as growth factors, cytokines and chemokines leading to reduction of inflammation, increased neurogenesis from the germinative niches of central nervous system, increased angiogenesis, effects on astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and axons. This review presents the data derived from experimental studies and the evidence available from clinical trials about the use of MSCs in stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Octaviana Dulamea
- U.M.F. "Carol Davila", Fundeni Clinical Institute, Department of Neurology, 258 Sos. Fundeni, Sector 2, Bucharest, Romania.
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