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Arake M, Ohta H, Nozawa T, Satoh Y, Fujita M, Nakata T, Meredith AL, Shinomiya N, Ishizuka T, Morimoto Y. BK channel dysfunction disrupts attention-controlled behaviors and altered perseverative responses in murine instrumental learning. Behav Brain Res 2024; 468:115015. [PMID: 38670533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of knockout of KCNMA1 gene, coding for the BK channel, on cognitive and attentional functions in mice, with an aim to better understand its implications for human neurodevelopmental disorders. The study used the 3-choice serial reaction time task (3-CSRTT) to assess the learning performance, attentional abilities, and repetitive behaviors in mice lacking the KCNMA1 gene (KCNMA1-/-) compared to wild-type (WT) controls. Results showed no significant differences in learning accuracy between the two groups. However, KCNMA1-/- mice were more prone to omitting responses to stimuli. In addition, when the timing of cue presentation was randomized, the KCNMA1-/- showed premature responses. Notably, these mice also demonstrated a marked reduction in perseverative responses, which include repeated nose-poke behaviors following decisions. These findings highlight the involvement of the KCNMA1 gene in managing attention, impulsivity, and potentially moderating repetitive actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Arake
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Takashi Nozawa
- Department of Psychology, Mejiro University, Nakaochiai 4-31-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 161-8539, Japan
| | - Yasushi Satoh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Masanori Fujita
- Division of Environmental Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Faculty of Health Promotional Sciences, Tokoha University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Andrea L Meredith
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nariyoshi Shinomiya
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ishizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yuji Morimoto
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
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Burnett LE, Koppensteiner P, Symonova O, Masson T, Vega-Zuniga T, Contreras X, Rülicke T, Shigemoto R, Novarino G, Joesch M. Shared behavioural impairments in visual perception and place avoidance across different autism models are driven by periaqueductal grey hypoexcitability in Setd5 haploinsufficient mice. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002668. [PMID: 38857283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the diverse genetic origins of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), affected individuals share strikingly similar and correlated behavioural traits that include perceptual and sensory processing challenges. Notably, the severity of these sensory symptoms is often predictive of the expression of other autistic traits. However, the origin of these perceptual deficits remains largely elusive. Here, we show a recurrent impairment in visual threat perception that is similarly impaired in 3 independent mouse models of ASD with different molecular aetiologies. Interestingly, this deficit is associated with reduced avoidance of threatening environments-a nonperceptual trait. Focusing on a common cause of ASDs, the Setd5 gene mutation, we define the molecular mechanism. We show that the perceptual impairment is caused by a potassium channel (Kv1)-mediated hypoexcitability in a subcortical node essential for the initiation of escape responses, the dorsal periaqueductal grey (dPAG). Targeted pharmacological Kv1 blockade rescued both perceptual and place avoidance deficits, causally linking seemingly unrelated trait deficits to the dPAG. Furthermore, we show that different molecular mechanisms converge on similar behavioural phenotypes by demonstrating that the autism models Cul3 and Ptchd1, despite having similar behavioural phenotypes, differ in their functional and molecular alteration. Our findings reveal a link between rapid perception controlled by subcortical pathways and appropriate learned interactions with the environment and define a nondevelopmental source of such deficits in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Burnett
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Olga Symonova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Tomás Masson
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Tomas Vega-Zuniga
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Ximena Contreras
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ryuichi Shigemoto
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Gaia Novarino
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Maximilian Joesch
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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3
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Seneff S, Kyriakopoulos AM, Nigh G. Is autism a PIN1 deficiency syndrome? A proposed etiological role for glyphosate. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38808598 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder, the prevalence of which has increased dramatically in the United States over the past two decades. It is characterized by stereotyped behaviors and impairments in social interaction and communication. In this paper, we present evidence that autism can be viewed as a PIN1 deficiency syndrome. Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-Interacting 1 (PIN1) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, and it has widespread influences in biological organisms. Broadly speaking, PIN1 deficiency is linked to many neurodegenerative diseases, whereas PIN1 over-expression is linked to cancer. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) strongly inhibits PIN1, and the hormone melatonin inhibits DAPK1. Melatonin deficiency is strongly linked to autism. It has recently been shown that glyphosate exposure to rats inhibits melatonin synthesis as a result of increased glutamate release from glial cells and increased expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glyphosate's inhibition of melatonin leads to a reduction in PIN1 availability in neurons. In this paper, we show that PIN1 deficiency can explain many of the unique morphological features of autism, including increased dendritic spine density, missing or thin corpus callosum, and reduced bone density. We show how PIN1 deficiency disrupts the functioning of powerful high-level signaling molecules, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and p53. Dysregulation of both of these proteins has been linked to autism. Severe depletion of glutathione in the brain resulting from chronic exposure to oxidative stressors and extracellular glutamate leads to oxidation of the cysteine residue in PIN1, inactivating the protein and further contributing to PIN1 deficiency. Impaired autophagy leads to increased sensitivity of neurons to ferroptosis. It is imperative that further research be conducted to experimentally validate whether the mechanisms described here take place in response to chronic glyphosate exposure and whether this ultimately leads to autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Seneff
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Greg Nigh
- Immersion Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Lin WD, Liu TY, Chen YC, Chou IC, Tsai FJ. Genome-wide association study identifies DRAM1 associated with Tourette syndrome in Taiwan. Biomed J 2024:100725. [PMID: 38608873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Several susceptibility loci associated with TS have been identified previously in populations of European descent using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, the exact pathogenic mechanism underlying TS is unknown; additionally, the results of previous GWAS for TS were based on Western populations, which may not translate to other populations. Therefore, we conducted a GWAS in Taiwanese patients with TS and chronic tic disorders (CTDs), with an aim to elucidate the genetic basis and potential risk factors for TS in this population. METHODS GWAS was performed on a Taiwanese TS/CTDs cohort with a sample size of 1,007 patients with TS and 25,522 ancestry-matched controls. Additionally, polygenic risk score was calculated and assessed. RESULTS Genome-wide significant locus, rs12313062 (p=1.43 × 10-8) and other 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms, were identified in chromosomes 12q23.2, associated with DRAM1 and was a novel susceptibility locus identified in TS/CTDs group. DRAM1, a lysosomal transmembrane protein regulated by p53, modulates autophagy and apoptosis, with potential implications for neuropsychiatric conditions associated with autophagy disruption. CONCLUSIONS This study conducted the first GWAS for TS in a Taiwanese population, identifying a significant locus on chromosome 12q23.2 associated with DRAM1. These findings provide novel insights into the neurobiology of TS and potential directions for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-De Lin
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Post Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Liu
- Million-person precision medicine initiative, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Million-person precision medicine initiative, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Chou
- Division of Pediatrics Neurology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Genetics and Metabolism, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Aishworiya R, Valica T, Hagerman R, Restrepo B. An Update on Psychopharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2024; 22:198-211. [PMID: 38680976 PMCID: PMC11046717 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.24022006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
While behavioral interventions remain the mainstay of treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), several potential targeted treatments addressing the underlying neurophysiology of ASD have emerged in the last few years. These are promising for the potential to, in future, become part of the mainstay treatment in addressing the core symptoms of ASD. Although it is likely that the development of future targeted treatments will be influenced by the underlying heterogeneity in etiology, associated genetic mechanisms influencing ASD are likely to be the first targets of treatments and even gene therapy in the future for ASD. In this article, we provide a review of current psychopharmacological treatment in ASD including those used to address common comorbidities of the condition and upcoming new targeted approaches in autism management. Medications including metformin, arbaclofen, cannabidiol, oxytocin, bumetanide, lovastatin, trofinetide, and dietary supplements including sulforophane and N-acetylcysteine are discussed. Commonly used medications to address the comorbidities associated with ASD including atypical antipsychotics, serotoninergic agents, alpha-2 agonists, and stimulant medications are also reviewed. Targeted treatments in Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common genetic disorder leading to ASD, provide a model for new treatments that may be helpful for other forms of ASD. Appeared originally in Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:248-262.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Aishworiya
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (Aishworiya, Valica, Hagerman, Restrepo); Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore (Aishworiya); Association for Children With Autism, Chisinau, Moldova (Valica); Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4610 X St, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (Hagerman, Restrepo)
| | - Tatiana Valica
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (Aishworiya, Valica, Hagerman, Restrepo); Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore (Aishworiya); Association for Children With Autism, Chisinau, Moldova (Valica); Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4610 X St, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (Hagerman, Restrepo)
| | - Randi Hagerman
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (Aishworiya, Valica, Hagerman, Restrepo); Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore (Aishworiya); Association for Children With Autism, Chisinau, Moldova (Valica); Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4610 X St, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (Hagerman, Restrepo)
| | - Bibiana Restrepo
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (Aishworiya, Valica, Hagerman, Restrepo); Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore (Aishworiya); Association for Children With Autism, Chisinau, Moldova (Valica); Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4610 X St, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (Hagerman, Restrepo)
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Mangione W, Falls Z, Samudrala R. Effective holistic characterization of small molecule effects using heterogeneous biological networks. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1113007. [PMID: 37180722 PMCID: PMC10169664 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The two most common reasons for attrition in therapeutic clinical trials are efficacy and safety. We integrated heterogeneous data to create a human interactome network to comprehensively describe drug behavior in biological systems, with the goal of accurate therapeutic candidate generation. The Computational Analysis of Novel Drug Opportunities (CANDO) platform for shotgun multiscale therapeutic discovery, repurposing, and design was enhanced by integrating drug side effects, protein pathways, protein-protein interactions, protein-disease associations, and the Gene Ontology, and complemented with its existing drug/compound, protein, and indication libraries. These integrated networks were reduced to a "multiscale interactomic signature" for each compound that describe its functional behavior as vectors of real values. These signatures are then used for relating compounds to each other with the hypothesis that similar signatures yield similar behavior. Our results indicated that there is significant biological information captured within our networks (particularly via side effects) which enhance the performance of our platform, as evaluated by performing all-against-all leave-one-out drug-indication association benchmarking as well as generating novel drug candidates for colon cancer and migraine disorders corroborated via literature search. Further, drug impacts on pathways derived from computed compound-protein interaction scores served as the features for a random forest machine learning model trained to predict drug-indication associations, with applications to mental disorders and cancer metastasis highlighted. This interactomic pipeline highlights the ability of Computational Analysis of Novel Drug Opportunities to accurately relate drugs in a multitarget and multiscale context, particularly for generating putative drug candidates using the information gleaned from indirect data such as side effect profiles and protein pathway information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ram Samudrala
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Curtis MA, Dhamsania RK, Branco RC, Guo JD, Creeden J, Neifer KL, Black CA, Winokur EJ, Andari E, Dias BG, Liu RC, Gourley SL, Miller GW, Burkett JP. Developmental pyrethroid exposure causes a neurodevelopmental disorder phenotype in mice. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad085. [PMID: 37113978 PMCID: PMC10129348 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a widespread and growing public health challenge, affecting as many as 17% of children in the United States. Recent epidemiological studies have implicated ambient exposure to pyrethroid pesticides during pregnancy in the risk for NDDs in the unborn child. Using a litter-based, independent discovery-replication cohort design, we exposed mouse dams orally during pregnancy and lactation to the Environmental Protection Agency's reference pyrethroid, deltamethrin, at 3 mg/kg, a concentration well below the benchmark dose used for regulatory guidance. The resulting offspring were tested using behavioral and molecular methods targeting behavioral phenotypes relevant to autism and NDD, as well as changes to the striatal dopamine system. Low-dose developmental exposure to the pyrethroid deltamethrin (DPE) decreased pup vocalizations, increased repetitive behaviors, and impaired both fear conditioning and operant conditioning. Compared with control mice, DPE mice had greater total striatal dopamine, dopamine metabolites, and stimulated dopamine release, but no difference in vesicular dopamine capacity or protein markers of dopamine vesicles. Dopamine transporter protein levels were increased in DPE mice, but not temporal dopamine reuptake. Striatal medium spiny neurons showed changes in electrophysiological properties consistent with a compensatory decrease in neuronal excitability. Combined with previous findings, these results implicate DPE as a direct cause of an NDD-relevant behavioral phenotype and striatal dopamine dysfunction in mice and implicate the cytosolic compartment as the location of excess striatal dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Curtis
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, USA
| | - Rohan K Dhamsania
- College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Rachel C Branco
- Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Ji-Dong Guo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Justin Creeden
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Kari L Neifer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, USA
| | - Carlie A Black
- Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Schiemer School of Psychology and Biblical Counseling, Truett McConnell University, Cleveland, GA 30528, USA
| | - Emily J Winokur
- College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elissar Andari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Brian G Dias
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Robert C Liu
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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8
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Salpietro V, Galassi Deforie V, Efthymiou S, O'Connor E, Marcé‐Grau A, Maroofian R, Striano P, Zara F, Morrow MM, Reich A, Blevins A, Sala‐Coromina J, Accogli A, Fortuna S, Alesandrini M, Au PYB, Singhal NS, Cogne B, Isidor B, Hanna MG, Macaya A, Kullmann DM, Houlden H, Männikkö R. De novo KCNA6 variants with attenuated K V 1.6 channel deactivation in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2023; 64:443-455. [PMID: 36318112 PMCID: PMC10108282 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in the genes encoding neuronal ion channels are a common cause of Mendelian neurological diseases. We sought to identify novel de novo sequence variants in cases with early infantile epileptic phenotypes and neurodevelopmental anomalies. METHODS Following clinical diagnosis, we performed whole exome sequencing of the index cases and their parents. Identified channel variants were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and their functional properties assessed using two-electrode voltage clamp. RESULTS We identified novel de novo variants in KCNA6 in four unrelated individuals variably affected with neurodevelopmental disorders and seizures with onset in the first year of life. Three of the four identified mutations affect the pore-lining S6 α-helix of KV 1.6. A prominent finding of functional characterization in Xenopus oocytes was that the channel variants showed only minor effects on channel activation but slowed channel closure and shifted the voltage dependence of deactivation in a hyperpolarizing direction. Channels with a mutation affecting the S6 helix display dominant effects on channel deactivation when co-expressed with wild-type KV 1.6 or KV 1.1 subunits. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of de novo nonsynonymous variants in KCNA6 associated with neurological or any clinical features. Channel variants showed a consistent effect on channel deactivation, slowing the rate of channel closure following normal activation. This specific gain-of-function feature is likely to underlie the neurological phenotype in our patients. Our data highlight KCNA6 as a novel channelopathy gene associated with early infantile epileptic phenotypes and neurodevelopmental anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseaseUCL Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB)University of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | | | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseaseUCL Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Emer O'Connor
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseaseUCL Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Anna Marcé‐Grau
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Vall d'HebronUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseaseUCL Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI)University of Genoa16124 GenoaItaly
- Unit of Pediatric NeurologyIRCCS, Istituto “Giannina Gaslini”Genoa 16123Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI)University of Genoa16124 GenoaItaly
- Medical Genetics UnitIRCCS, Istituto “Giannina Gaslini”Genoa 16123Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Júlia Sala‐Coromina
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Vall d'HebronUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI)University of Genoa16124 GenoaItaly
- Medical Genetics UnitIRCCS, Istituto “Giannina Gaslini”Genoa 16123Italy
| | | | - Marie Alesandrini
- Neuropediatrics UnitCentre Hospitalier Universitaire NantesNantesFrance
| | - P. Y. Billie Au
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryAlbertaCalgaryCanada
| | - Nilika Shah Singhal
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's HospitalUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA
| | - Benjamin Cogne
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire NantesService de Génétique MédicaleNantesFrance
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERML'Institut du ThoraxNantesFrance
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire NantesService de Génétique MédicaleNantesFrance
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERML'Institut du ThoraxNantesFrance
| | - Michael G. Hanna
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseaseUCL Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUK
- Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular DiseasesNational Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUK
| | - Alfons Macaya
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Vall d'HebronUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Dimitri M. Kullmann
- Department of Clinical and Experimental EpilepsyUCL Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseaseUCL Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Roope Männikkö
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseaseUCL Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUK
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9
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Nicot AB, Harb J, Garcia A, Guillot F, Mai HL, Mathé CV, Morille J, Vallino A, Dugast E, Shah SP, Lefrère F, Moyon M, Wiertlewski S, Le Berre L, Renaudin K, Soulillou JP, van Pesch V, Brouard S, Berthelot L, Laplaud DA. Aglycosylated extracellular loop of inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1 (KCNJ10) provides a target for autoimmune neuroinflammation. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad044. [PMID: 36910419 PMCID: PMC9994600 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Yet, the autoimmune targets are still undefined. The extracellular e1 sequence of KCNJ10, the inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1, has been subject to fierce debate for its role as a candidate autoantigen in multiple sclerosis. Inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1 is expressed in the central nervous system but also in peripheral tissues, raising concerns about the central nervous system-specificity of such autoreactivity. Immunization of C57Bl6/J female mice with the e1 peptide (amino acids 83-120 of Kir4.1) induced anti-e1 immunoglobulin G- and T-cell responses and promoted demyelinating encephalomyelitis with B cell central nervous system enrichment in leptomeninges and T cells/macrophages in central nervous system parenchyma from forebrain to spinal cord, mostly in the white matter. Within our cohort of multiple sclerosis patients (n = 252), 6% exhibited high anti-e1 immunoglobulin G levels in serum as compared to 0.7% in the control cohort (n = 127; P = 0.015). Immunolabelling of inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1-expressing white matter glia with the anti-e1 serum from immunized mice increased during murine autoimmune neuroinflammation and in multiple sclerosis white matter as compared with controls. Strikingly, the mouse and human anti-e1 sera labelled astrocytoma cells when N-glycosylation was blocked with tunicamycin. Western blot confirmed that neuroinflammation induces Kir4.1 expression, including its shorter aglycosylated form in murine experimental autoencephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. In addition, recognition of inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1 using mouse anti-e1 serum in Western blot experiments under unreduced conditions or in cells transfected with the N-glycosylation defective N104Q mutant as compared to the wild type further suggests that autoantibodies target an e1 conformational epitope in its aglycosylated form. These data highlight the e1 sequence of inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1 as a valid central nervous system autoantigen with a disease/tissue-specific post-translational antigen modification as potential contributor to autoimmunity in some multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud B Nicot
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Jean Harb
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Alexandra Garcia
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Flora Guillot
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Hoa-Le Mai
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Camille V Mathé
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Jérémy Morille
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Amélie Vallino
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Emilie Dugast
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Sita P Shah
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Fabienne Lefrère
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes 44000, France.,CIC Inserm 1413, CHU Nantes, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Mélinda Moyon
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes 44000, France.,CIC Inserm 1413, CHU Nantes, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Sandrine Wiertlewski
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France.,Service de Neurologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes 44000, France.,CIC Inserm 1413, CHU Nantes, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Ludmilla Le Berre
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Karine Renaudin
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Neurologie, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles 1200, Belgium
| | - Sophie Brouard
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Laureline Berthelot
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France
| | - David-Axel Laplaud
- INSERM, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, Nantes 44000, France.,Service de Neurologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes 44000, France.,CIC Inserm 1413, CHU Nantes, Nantes 44000, France
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10
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Hu JH, Liu Y, Hoffman DA. Identification of Kv4.2 protein complex and modifications by tandem affinity purification-mass spectrometry in primary neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1070305. [PMID: 36568885 PMCID: PMC9788671 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1070305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins usually form complexes to fulfill variable physiological functions. In neurons, communication relies on synapses where receptors, channels, and anchoring proteins form complexes to precisely control signal transduction, synaptic integration, and action potential firing. Although there are many published protocols to isolate protein complexes in cell lines, isolation in neurons has not been well established. Here we introduce a method that combines lentiviral protein expression with tandem affinity purification followed by mass-spectrometry (TAP-MS) to identify protein complexes in neurons. This protocol can also be used to identify post-translational modifications (PTMs) of synaptic proteins. We used the A-type voltage-gated K+ channel subunit Kv4.2 as the target protein. Kv4.2 is highly expressed in the hippocampus where it contributes to learning and memory through its regulation of neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity. We tagged Kv4.2 with the calmodulin-binding-peptide (CBP) and streptavidin-binding-peptide (SBP) at its C-terminus and expressed it in neurons via lentivirus. Kv4.2 was purified by two-step TAP and samples were analyzed by MS. MS identified two prominently known Kv4.2 interacting proteins [dipeptidyl peptidase like (DPPs) and Kv channel-interacting proteins (KChIPs)] in addition to novel synaptic proteins including glutamate receptors, a calcium channel, and anchoring proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation and colocalization experiments validated the association of Kv4.2 with glutamate receptors. In addition to protein complex identification, we used TAP-MS to identify Kv4.2 phosphorylation sites. Several known and unknown phosphorylation sites were identified. These findings provide a novel path to identify protein-protein interactions and PTMs in neurons and shed light on mechanisms of neuronal signaling potentially involved in the pathology of neurological diseases.
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11
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Li Q, Shi Y, Li X, Yang Y, Zhang X, Xu L, Ma Z, Wang J, Fan L, Wu L. Proteomic-Based Approach Reveals the Involvement of Apolipoprotein A-I in Related Phenotypes of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the BTBR Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315290. [PMID: 36499620 PMCID: PMC9737945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Abnormal lipid metabolism has been suggested to contribute to its pathogenesis. Further exploration of its underlying biochemical mechanisms is needed. In a search for reliable biomarkers for the pathophysiology of ASD, hippocampal tissues from the ASD model BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice and C57BL/6J mice were analyzed, using four-dimensional (4D) label-free proteomic analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Differentially expressed proteins were significantly enriched in lipid metabolic pathways. Among them, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is a hub protein and its expression was significantly higher in the BTBR mice. The investigation of protein levels (using Western blotting) also confirmed this observation. Furthermore, expressions of SphK2 and S1P in the ApoA-I pathway both increased. Using the SphK inhibitor (SKI-II), ASD core phenotype and phenotype-related protein levels of P-CREB, P-CaMKII, and GAD1 were improved, as shown via behavioral and molecular biology experiments. Moreover, by using SKI-II, we found proteins related to the development and function of neuron synapses, including ERK, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, CDK5 and KCNQ2 in BTBR mice, whose levels were restored to protein levels comparable to those in the controls. Elucidating the possible mechanism of ApoA-I in ASD-associated phenotypes will provide new ideas for studies on the etiology of ASD.
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12
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Wu J, Wang D, Yan L, Jia M, Zhang J, Han S, Han J, Wang J, Chen X, Zhang R. Associations of essential element serum concentrations with autism spectrum disorder. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88962-88971. [PMID: 35842508 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This case-control study explored the associations between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the serum concentration of nine chemical elements in children. The study recruited 92 Chinese children with ASD and 103 typically developing individuals. Serum concentrations of nine chemical elements (calcium, iodine, iron, lithium, magnesium, potassium, selenium, strontium, and zinc) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). An unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations between the serum concentrations of the elements and the risk of ASD. After adjusting for confounders, the multivariate analysis results showed that zinc ≤ 837.70 ng/mL, potassium > 170.06 μg/mL, and strontium ≤ 52.46 ng/mL were associated with an increased risk of ASD, while selenium > 159.80 ng/mL was associated with a decreased risk of ASD. Furthermore, the degree of lithium and zinc deficiency was associated with ASD severity. The results indicated that metallomic profiles of some specific elements might play important roles in the development of ASD, a finding of scientific significance for understanding the etiology, and providing dietary guidance for certain ASD types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Medical and Health Analysis Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lailai Yan
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Meixiang Jia
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jishui Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Center of Rehabilitation, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
- National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Songping Han
- Wuxi Shenpingxintai Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Jisheng Han
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Autism Research Center of Peking, University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
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13
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Galán-Vidal J, Socuéllamos PG, Baena-Nuevo M, Contreras L, González T, Pérez-Poyato MS, Valenzuela C, González-Lamuño D, Gandarillas A. A novel loss-of-function mutation of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv10.2 involved in epilepsy and autism. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:345. [PMID: 36068614 PMCID: PMC9446776 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel developmental mutations associated with disease are a continuous challenge in medicine. Clinical consequences caused by these mutations include neuron and cognitive alterations that can lead to epilepsy or autism spectrum disorders. Often, it is difficult to identify the physiological defects and the appropriate treatments. Results We have isolated and cultured primary cells from the skin of a patient with combined epilepsy and autism syndrome. A mutation in the potassium channel protein Kv10.2 was identified. We have characterised the alteration of the mutant channel and found that it causes loss of function (LOF). Primary cells from the skin displayed a very striking growth defect and increased differentiation. In vitro treatment with various carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with various degrees of specificity for potassium channels, (Brinzolamide, Acetazolamide, Retigabine) restored the activation capacity of the mutated channel. Interestingly, the drugs also recovered in vitro the expansion capacity of the mutated skin cells. Furthermore, treatment with Acetazolamide clearly improved the patient regarding epilepsy and cognitive skills. When the treatment was temporarily halted the syndrome worsened again. Conclusions By in vitro studying primary cells from the patient and the activation capacity of the mutated protein, we could first, find a readout for the cellular defects and second, test pharmaceutical treatments that proved to be beneficial. The results show the involvement of a novel LOF mutation of a Potassium channel in autism syndrome with epilepsy and the great potential of in vitro cultures of primary cells in personalised medicine of rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Galán-Vidal
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Paula G Socuéllamos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, IIBM, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Research (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Baena-Nuevo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, IIBM, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Research (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lizbeth Contreras
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Teresa González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, IIBM, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Research (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María S Pérez-Poyato
- Neuropediatric, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, IIBM, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Research (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Domingo González-Lamuño
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain. .,Paediatric Department, University of Cantabria University, Marqués de Valdecilla Hospital, 39008, Santander, Spain.
| | - Alberto Gandarillas
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain. .,INSERM, Occitanie Méditerranée, 34394, Montpellier, France.
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14
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Hassan WM, Al-Dbass A, Al-Ayadhi L, Bhat RS, El-Ansary A. Discriminant analysis and binary logistic regression enable more accurate prediction of autism spectrum disorder than principal component analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3764. [PMID: 35260688 PMCID: PMC8904630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and restricted, repetitive behavior. Multiple studies have suggested mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate excitotoxicity, and impaired detoxification mechanism as accepted etiological mechanisms of ASD that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. In the current study, blood samples were collected from 40 people with autism and 40 control participants after informed consent and full approval from the Institutional Review Board of King Saud University. Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (MRC1) were measured in plasma of both groups. Predictive models were established to discriminate individuals with ASD from controls. The predictive power of these five variables, individually and in combination, was compared using the area under a ROC curve (AUC). We compared the performance of principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis (DA), and binary logistic regression (BLR) as ways to combine single variables and create the predictive models. K+ had the highest AUC (0.801) of any single variable, followed by GST, LDH, Na+, and MRC1, respectively. Combining the five variables resulted in higher AUCs than those obtained using single variables across all models. Both DA and BLR were superior to PCA and comparable to each other. In our study, the combination of Na+, K+, LDH, GST, and MRC1 showed the highest promise in discriminating individuals with autism from controls. These results provide a platform that can potentially be used to verify the efficacy of our models with a larger sample size or evaluate other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wail M Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Abeer Al-Dbass
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Al-Ayadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Autism Research and Treatment Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Central Research Laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Bando Y, Ishibashi M, Yamagishi S, Fukuda A, Sato K. Orchestration of Ion Channels and Transporters in Neocortical Development and Neurological Disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:827284. [PMID: 35237124 PMCID: PMC8884360 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.827284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical activity plays crucial roles in neural circuit formation and remodeling. During neocortical development, neurons are generated in the ventricular zone, migrate to their correct position, elongate dendrites and axons, and form synapses. In this review, we summarize the functions of ion channels and transporters in neocortical development. Next, we discuss links between neurological disorders caused by dysfunction of ion channels (channelopathies) and neocortical development. Finally, we introduce emerging optical techniques with potential applications in physiological studies of neocortical development and the pathophysiology of channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Bando
- Department of Organ and Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yuki Bando,
| | - Masaru Ishibashi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamagishi
- Department of Organ and Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Atsuo Fukuda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kohji Sato
- Department of Organ and Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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16
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Determination of molecular signatures and pathways common to brain tissues of autism spectrum disorder: Insights from comprehensive bioinformatics approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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17
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Murphy JG, Gutzmann JJ, Lin L, Hu J, Petralia RS, Wang YX, Hoffman DA. R-type voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels mediate A-type K + current regulation of synaptic input in hippocampal dendrites. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110264. [PMID: 35045307 PMCID: PMC10496648 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The subthreshold voltage-gated transient K+ current (IA) carried by pore-forming Kv4.2 subunits regulates the propagation of synaptic input, dendritic excitability, and synaptic plasticity in CA1 pyramidal neuron dendrites of the hippocampus. We report that the Ca2+ channel subunit Cav2.3 regulates IA in this cell type. We initially identified Cav2.3 as a Kv4.2-interacting protein in a proteomic screen and we confirmed Cav2.3-Kv4.2 complex association using multiple techniques. Functionally, Cav2.3 Ca2+-entry increases Kv4.2-mediated whole-cell current due to an increase in Kv4.2 surface expression. Using pharmacology and Cav2.3 knockout mice, we show that Cav2.3 regulates the dendritic gradient of IA. Furthermore, the loss of Cav2.3 function leads to the enhancement of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic currents and NMDA receptor-mediated spine Ca2+ influx. These results propose that Cav2.3 and Kv4.2 are integral constituents of an ion channel complex that affects synaptic function in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Murphy
- Molecular Neurophysiology and Biophysics Section, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Jakob J Gutzmann
- Molecular Neurophysiology and Biophysics Section, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Molecular Neurophysiology and Biophysics Section, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jiahua Hu
- Molecular Neurophysiology and Biophysics Section, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dax A Hoffman
- Molecular Neurophysiology and Biophysics Section, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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18
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Rayff da Silva P, do Nascimento Gonzaga TKS, Maia RE, Araújo da Silva B. Ionic Channels as Potential Targets for the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1834-1849. [PMID: 34370640 PMCID: PMC9886809 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210809102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition that directly affects brain functions and can culminate in delayed intellectual development, problems in verbal communication, difficulties in social interaction, and stereotyped behaviors. Its etiology reveals a genetic basis that can be strongly influenced by socio-environmental factors. Ion channels controlled by ligand voltage-activated calcium, sodium, and potassium channels may play important roles in modulating sensory and cognitive responses, and their dysfunctions may be closely associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD. This is due to ionic flow, which is of paramount importance to maintaining physiological conditions in the central nervous system and triggers action potentials, gene expression, and cell signaling. However, since ASD is a multifactorial disease, treatment is directed only to secondary symptoms. Therefore, this research aims to gather evidence concerning the principal pathophysiological mechanisms involving ion channels in order to recognize their importance as therapeutic targets for the treatment of central and secondary ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bagnólia Araújo da Silva
- Address correspondence to this author at the Postgraduate Program in Natural Synthetic and Bioactive Products, Heath Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba - Campus I, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Tel: ++55-83-99352-5595; E-mail:
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19
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Aishworiya R, Valica T, Hagerman R, Restrepo B. An Update on Psychopharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:248-262. [PMID: 35029811 PMCID: PMC9130393 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While behavioral interventions remain the mainstay of treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), several potential targeted treatments addressing the underlying neurophysiology of ASD have emerged in the last few years. These are promising for the potential to, in future, become part of the mainstay treatment in addressing the core symptoms of ASD. Although it is likely that the development of future targeted treatments will be influenced by the underlying heterogeneity in etiology, associated genetic mechanisms influencing ASD are likely to be the first targets of treatments and even gene therapy in the future for ASD. In this article, we provide a review of current psychopharmacological treatment in ASD including those used to address common comorbidities of the condition and upcoming new targeted approaches in autism management. Medications including metformin, arbaclofen, cannabidiol, oxytocin, bumetanide, lovastatin, trofinetide, and dietary supplements including sulforophane and N-acetylcysteine are discussed. Commonly used medications to address the comorbidities associated with ASD including atypical antipsychotics, serotoninergic agents, alpha-2 agonists, and stimulant medications are also reviewed. Targeted treatments in Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common genetic disorder leading to ASD, provide a model for new treatments that may be helpful for other forms of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Aishworiya
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Tatiana Valica
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Association for Children With Autism, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Randi Hagerman
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4610 X St, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Bibiana Restrepo
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4610 X St, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
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20
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Meganathan K, Prakasam R, Baldridge D, Gontarz P, Zhang B, Urano F, Bonni A, Maloney SE, Turner TN, Huettner JE, Constantino JN, Kroll KL. Altered neuronal physiology, development, and function associated with a common chromosome 15 duplication involving CHRNA7. BMC Biol 2021; 19:147. [PMID: 34320968 PMCID: PMC8317352 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variants (CNVs) linked to genes involved in nervous system development or function are often associated with neuropsychiatric disease. While CNVs involving deletions generally cause severe and highly penetrant patient phenotypes, CNVs leading to duplications tend instead to exhibit widely variable and less penetrant phenotypic expressivity among affected individuals. CNVs located on chromosome 15q13.3 affecting the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit (CHRNA7) gene contribute to multiple neuropsychiatric disorders with highly variable penetrance. However, the basis of such differential penetrance remains uncharacterized. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models from first-degree relatives with a 15q13.3 duplication and analyzed their cellular phenotypes to uncover a basis for the dissimilar phenotypic expressivity. RESULTS The first-degree relatives studied included a boy with autism and emotional dysregulation (the affected proband-AP) and his clinically unaffected mother (UM), with comparison to unrelated control models lacking this duplication. Potential contributors to neuropsychiatric impairment were modeled in iPSC-derived cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The AP-derived model uniquely exhibited disruptions of cellular physiology and neurodevelopment not observed in either the UM or unrelated controls. These included enhanced neural progenitor proliferation but impaired neuronal differentiation, maturation, and migration, and increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Both the neuronal migration deficit and elevated ER stress could be selectively rescued by different pharmacologic agents. Neuronal gene expression was also dysregulated in the AP, including reduced expression of genes related to behavior, psychological disorders, neuritogenesis, neuronal migration, and Wnt, axonal guidance, and GABA receptor signaling. The UM model instead exhibited upregulated expression of genes in many of these same pathways, suggesting that molecular compensation could have contributed to the lack of neurodevelopmental phenotypes in this model. However, both AP- and UM-derived neurons exhibited shared alterations of neuronal function, including increased action potential firing and elevated cholinergic activity, consistent with increased homomeric CHRNA7 channel activity. CONCLUSIONS These data define both diagnosis-associated cellular phenotypes and shared functional anomalies related to CHRNA7 duplication that may contribute to variable phenotypic penetrance in individuals with 15q13.3 duplication. The capacity for pharmacological agents to rescue some neurodevelopmental anomalies associated with diagnosis suggests avenues for intervention for carriers of this duplication and other CNVs that cause related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesavan Meganathan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus, Box 8103, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Ramachandran Prakasam
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus, Box 8103, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Dustin Baldridge
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Paul Gontarz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus, Box 8103, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus, Box 8103, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Azad Bonni
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Susan E. Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Tychele N. Turner
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - James E. Huettner
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - John N. Constantino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Kristen L. Kroll
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus, Box 8103, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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21
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Ehinger R, Kuret A, Matt L, Frank N, Wild K, Kabagema-Bilan C, Bischof H, Malli R, Ruth P, Bausch AE, Lukowski R. Slack K + channels attenuate NMDA-induced excitotoxic brain damage and neuronal cell death. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21568. [PMID: 33817875 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002308rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal Na+ -activated K+ channel Slack (aka Slo2.2, KNa 1.1, or Kcnt1) has been implicated in setting and maintaining the resting membrane potential and defining excitability and firing patterns, as well as in the generation of the slow afterhyperpolarization following bursts of action potentials. Slack activity increases significantly under conditions of high intracellular Na+ levels, suggesting this channel may exert important pathophysiological functions. To address these putative roles, we studied whether Slack K+ channels contribute to pathological changes and excitotoxic cell death caused by glutamatergic overstimulation of Ca2+ - and Na+ -permeable N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDAR). Slack-deficient (Slack KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to intrastriatal microinjections of the NMDAR agonist NMDA. NMDA-induced brain lesions were significantly increased in Slack KO vs WT mice, suggesting that the lack of Slack renders neurons particularly susceptible to excitotoxicity. Accordingly, excessive neuronal cell death was seen in Slack-deficient primary cerebellar granule cell (CGC) cultures exposed to glutamate and NMDA. Differences in neuronal survival between WT and Slack KO CGCs were largely abolished by the NMDAR antagonist MK-801, but not by NBQX, a potent and highly selective competitive antagonist of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type ionotropic glutamate receptors. Interestingly, NMDAR-evoked Ca2+ signals did not differ with regard to Slack genotype in CGCs. However, real-time monitoring of K+ following NMDAR activation revealed a significant contribution of this channel to the intracellular drop in K+ . Finally, TrkB and TrkC neurotrophin receptor transcript levels were elevated in NMDA-exposed Slack-proficient CGCs, suggesting a mechanism by which this K+ channel contributes to the activation of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (Erk) pathway and thereby to neuroprotection. Combined, our findings suggest that Slack-dependent K+ signals oppose the NMDAR-mediated excitotoxic neuronal injury by promoting pro-survival signaling via the BDNF/TrkB and Erk axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Ehinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Kuret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lucas Matt
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Frank
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Wild
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Clement Kabagema-Bilan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut Bischof
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne E Bausch
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Lukowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Zhang Y, Tachtsidis G, Schob C, Koko M, Hedrich UBS, Lerche H, Lemke JR, Haeringen A, Ruivenkamp C, Prescott T, Tveten K, Gerstner T, Pruniski B, DiTroia S, VanNoy GE, Rehm HL, McLaughlin H, Bolz HJ, Zechner U, Bryant E, McDonough T, Kindler S, Bähring R. KCND2 variants associated with global developmental delay differentially impair Kv4.2 channel gating. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:2300-2314. [PMID: 34245260 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report on six unrelated individuals, all presenting with early-onset global developmental delay, associated with impaired motor, speech and cognitive development, partly with developmental epileptic encephalopathy and physical dysmorphisms. All individuals carry heterozygous missense variants of KCND2, which encodes the voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel α-subunit Kv4.2. The amino acid substitutions associated with the variants, p.(Glu323Lys) (E323K), p.(Pro403Ala) (P403A), p.(Val404Leu) (V404L) and p.(Val404Met) (V404M), affect sites known to be critical for channel gating. To unravel their likely pathogenicity, recombinant mutant channels were studied in the absence and presence of auxiliary β-subunits under two-electrode voltage-clamp in Xenopus oocytes. All channel mutants exhibited slowed and incomplete macroscopic inactivation, and the P403A variant in addition slowed activation. Co-expression of KChIP2 or DPP6 augmented the functional expression of both wild-type and mutant channels, however, the auxiliary β-subunit-mediated gating modifications differed from wild-type and among mutants. To simulate the putative setting in the affected individuals, heteromeric Kv4.2 channels (wild-type + mutant) were studied as ternary complexes (containing both KChIP2 and DPP6). In the heteromeric ternary configuration, the E323K variant exhibited only marginal functional alterations compared to homomeric wild-type ternary, compatible with mild loss-of-function. By contrast, the P403A, V404L and V404M variants displayed strong gating impairment in the heteromeric ternary configuration, compatible with loss or gain-of-function. Our results support the etiological involvement of Kv4.2 channel gating impairment in early-onset monogenic global developmental delay. In addition, they suggest that gain-of-function mechanisms associated with a substitution of V404 increase epileptic seizure susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Georgios Tachtsidis
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Schob
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Koko
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike B S Hedrich
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- University Center for Rare Diseases, Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arie Haeringen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Trine Prescott
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway
| | - Kristian Tveten
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway
| | - Thorsten Gerstner
- Department of Child Neurology and Rehabilitation and Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Southern Norway, Arendal, Norway
| | - Brianna Pruniski
- Division of Genetics & Metabolism, Phoenix Children's Medical Group, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Stephanie DiTroia
- Center for Mendelian Genomics and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Grace E VanNoy
- Center for Mendelian Genomics and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Center for Mendelian Genomics and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Hanno J Bolz
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Genetics, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Zechner
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Genetics, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Emily Bryant
- Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg Scool of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tiffani McDonough
- Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg Scool of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefan Kindler
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bähring
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Pavinato L, Nematian-Ardestani E, Zonta A, De Rubeis S, Buxbaum J, Mancini C, Bruselles A, Tartaglia M, Pessia M, Tucker SJ, D’Adamo MC, Brusco A. KCNK18 Biallelic Variants Associated with Intellectual Disability and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Alter TRESK Channel Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116064. [PMID: 34199759 PMCID: PMC8200030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The TWIK-related spinal cord potassium channel (TRESK) is encoded by KCNK18, and variants in this gene have previously been associated with susceptibility to familial migraine with aura (MIM #613656). A single amino acid substitution in the same protein, p.Trp101Arg, has also been associated with intellectual disability (ID), opening the possibility that variants in this gene might be involved in different disorders. Here, we report the identification of KCNK18 biallelic missense variants (p.Tyr163Asp and p.Ser252Leu) in a family characterized by three siblings affected by mild-to-moderate ID, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopment-related features. Functional characterization of the variants alone or in combination showed impaired channel activity. Interestingly, Ser252 is an important regulatory site of TRESK, suggesting that alteration of this residue could lead to additive downstream effects. The functional relevance of these mutations and the observed co-segregation in all the affected members of the family expand the clinical variability associated with altered TRESK function and provide further insight into the relationship between altered function of this ion channel and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pavinato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ehsan Nematian-Ardestani
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD-2080 Msida, Malta; (E.N.-A.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrea Zonta
- Unit of Medical Genetics, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.D.R.); (J.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joseph Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.D.R.); (J.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Mauro Pessia
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD-2080 Msida, Malta; (E.N.-A.); (M.P.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stephen J. Tucker
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4BH, UK;
| | - Maria Cristina D’Adamo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD-2080 Msida, Malta; (E.N.-A.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Unit of Medical Genetics, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.C.D.); (A.B.)
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24
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16p11.2 deletion is associated with hyperactivation of human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neuron networks and is rescued by RHOA inhibition in vitro. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2897. [PMID: 34006844 PMCID: PMC8131375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal copy number variations (CNVs) of 16p11.2 are associated with a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we use human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons carrying CNVs of 16p11.2 duplication (16pdup) and 16p11.2 deletion (16pdel), engineered using CRISPR-Cas9. We show that 16pdel iPSC-derived DA neurons have increased soma size and synaptic marker expression compared to isogenic control lines, while 16pdup iPSC-derived DA neurons show deficits in neuronal differentiation and reduced synaptic marker expression. The 16pdel iPSC-derived DA neurons have impaired neurophysiological properties. The 16pdel iPSC-derived DA neuronal networks are hyperactive and have increased bursting in culture compared to controls. We also show that the expression of RHOA is increased in the 16pdel iPSC-derived DA neurons and that treatment with a specific RHOA-inhibitor, Rhosin, rescues the network activity of the 16pdel iPSC-derived DA neurons. Our data suggest that 16p11.2 deletion-associated iPSC-derived DA neuron hyperactivation can be rescued by RHOA inhibition.
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25
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Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability and the leading monogenic cause of autism. The condition stems from loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), which regulates a wide range of ion channels via translational control, protein-protein interactions and second messenger pathways. Rapidly increasing evidence demonstrates that loss of FMRP leads to numerous ion channel dysfunctions (that is, channelopathies), which in turn contribute significantly to FXS pathophysiology. Consistent with this, pharmacological or genetic interventions that target dysregulated ion channels effectively restore neuronal excitability, synaptic function and behavioural phenotypes in FXS animal models. Recent studies further support a role for direct and rapid FMRP-channel interactions in regulating ion channel function. This Review lays out the current state of knowledge in the field regarding channelopathies and the pathogenesis of FXS, including promising therapeutic implications.
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26
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Kinboshi M, Ikeda A, Ohno Y. Role of Astrocytic Inwardly Rectifying Potassium (Kir) 4.1 Channels in Epileptogenesis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:626658. [PMID: 33424762 PMCID: PMC7786246 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.626658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes regulate potassium and glutamate homeostasis via inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) 4.1 channels in synapses, maintaining normal neural excitability. Numerous studies have shown that dysfunction of astrocytic Kir4.1 channels is involved in epileptogenesis in humans and animal models of epilepsy. Specifically, Kir4.1 channel inhibition by KCNJ10 gene mutation or expressional down-regulation increases the extracellular levels of potassium ions and glutamate in synapses and causes hyperexcitation of neurons. Moreover, recent investigations demonstrated that inhibition of Kir4.1 channels facilitates the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an important modulator of epileptogenesis, in astrocytes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding on the role of astrocytic Kir4.1 channels in epileptogenesis, with a focus on functional and expressional changes in Kir4.1 channels and their regulation of BDNF secretion. We also discuss the potential of Kir4.1 channels as a therapeutic target for the prevention of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kinboshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan.,Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Ikeda
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohno
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
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27
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D'Adamo MC, Liantonio A, Conte E, Pessia M, Imbrici P. Ion Channels Involvement in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Neuroscience 2020; 440:337-359. [PMID: 32473276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inherited and sporadic mutations in genes encoding for brain ion channels, affecting membrane expression or biophysical properties, have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by epilepsy, cognitive and behavioral deficits with significant phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Over the years, the screening of a growing number of patients and the functional characterization of newly identified mutations in ion channels genes allowed to recognize new phenotypes and to widen the clinical spectrum of known diseases. Furthermore, advancements in understanding disease pathogenesis at atomic level or using patient-derived iPSCs and animal models have been pivotal to orient therapeutic intervention and to put the basis for the development of novel pharmacological options for drug-resistant disorders. In this review we will discuss major improvements and critical issues concerning neurodevelopmental disorders caused by dysfunctions in brain sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and ligand-gated ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina D'Adamo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Malta
| | | | - Elena Conte
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | - Mauro Pessia
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Malta; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Paola Imbrici
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy.
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28
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Imbrici P, Nematian-Ardestani E, Hasan S, Pessia M, Tucker SJ, D'Adamo MC. Altered functional properties of a missense variant in the TRESK K + channel (KCNK18) associated with migraine and intellectual disability. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:923-930. [PMID: 32394190 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the KCNK18 gene that encodes the TRESK K2P potassium channel have previously been linked with typical familial migraine with aura. Recently, an atypical clinical case has been reported in which a male individual carrying the p.Trp101Arg (W101R) missense mutation in the KCNK18 gene was diagnosed with intellectual disability and migraine with brainstem aura. Here we report the functional characterization of this new missense variant. This mutation is located in a highly conserved residue close to the selectivity filter, and our results show although these mutant channels retain their K+ selectivity and calcineurin-dependent regulation, the variant causes an overall dramatic loss of TRESK channel function as well as an initial dominant-negative effect when co-expressed with wild-type channels in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The dramatic functional consequences of this mutation thereby support a potentially pathogenic role for this variant and provide further insight into the relationship between the structure and function of this ion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Imbrici
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Ehsan Nematian-Ardestani
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, Msida, 2080, Malta
| | - Sonia Hasan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mauro Pessia
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, Msida, 2080, Malta.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stephen J Tucker
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Cristina D'Adamo
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, Msida, 2080, Malta.
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Brueggeman L, Koomar T, Michaelson JJ. Forecasting risk gene discovery in autism with machine learning and genome-scale data. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4569. [PMID: 32165711 PMCID: PMC7067874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetics has been one of the most powerful windows into the biology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is estimated that a thousand or more genes may confer risk for ASD when functionally perturbed, however, only around 100 genes currently have sufficient evidence to be considered true "autism risk genes". Massive genetic studies are currently underway producing data to implicate additional genes. This approach - although necessary - is costly and slow-moving, making identification of putative ASD risk genes with existing data vital. Here, we approach autism risk gene discovery as a machine learning problem, rather than a genetic association problem, by using genome-scale data as predictors to identify new genes with similar properties to established autism risk genes. This ensemble method, forecASD, integrates brain gene expression, heterogeneous network data, and previous gene-level predictors of autism association into an ensemble classifier that yields a single score indexing evidence of each gene's involvement in the etiology of autism. We demonstrate that forecASD has substantially better performance than previous predictors of autism association in three independent trio-based sequencing studies. Studying forecASD prioritized genes, we show that forecASD is a robust indicator of a gene's involvement in ASD etiology, with diverse applications to gene discovery, differential expression analysis, eQTL prioritization, and pathway enrichment analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Brueggeman
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychiatry, Iowa City, IA, USA
- University of Iowa, Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, Iowa City, IA, USA
- University of Iowa, Medical Scientist Training Program, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tanner Koomar
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychiatry, Iowa City, IA, USA
- University of Iowa, Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jacob J Michaelson
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychiatry, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- University of Iowa, Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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El-Ansary A, Hassan WM, Daghestani M, Al-Ayadhi L, Ben Bacha A. Preliminary evaluation of a novel nine-biomarker profile for the prediction of autism spectrum disorder. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227626. [PMID: 31945130 PMCID: PMC6964874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders the prevalence of which has been in the rise in the past decade. In an attempt to better target the basic causes of ASD for diagnosis and treatment, efforts to identify reliable biomarkers related to the body's metabolism are increasing. Despite an increase in identifying biomarkers in ASD, there are none so far with enough evidence to be used in routine clinical examination, unless medical illness is suspected. Promising biomarkers include those of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and apoptosis. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Coenzyme Q10, and melatonin (MLTN) were evaluated in 13 participants with ASD and 24 age-matched healthy controls. Additionally, five ratios, which include Na+/K+, GSH:GST, CK:Cas7, CoQ10: Cas 7, and Cas7:MLTN, were tested to measure their predictive values in discriminating between autistic individuals and controls. These markers, either in absolute values, as five ratios, or combined (9 markers + 5 ratios) were subjected to a principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling (MDS), and hierarchical clustering, which are helpful statistical tools in the field of biomarkers. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that both PCA and MDS analysis were effective in separating autistic from control subjects completely. This was also confirmed through the use of hierarchical clustering, which showed complete separation of the autistic and control groups based on nine biomarkers, five biomarker ratios, or a combined profile. Excellent predictive value of the measured profile was obtained using the receiver operating characteristics analysis, which showed an area under the curve of 1. CONCLUSION The availability of an improved predictive profile, represented by nine biomarkers plus the five ratios, inter-related different etiological mechanisms in ASD and would be valuable in providing greater recognition of the altered biological pathways in ASD. Our predictive profile could be used for the diagnosis and intervention of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Center for Female Scientific and Medical Colleges, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wail M. Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri- Kansas City School of Medicine, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Maha Daghestani
- Central Laboratory, Center for Female Scientific and Medical Colleges, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Al-Ayadhi
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to Crop Improvement, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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31
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Cellular and molecular characterization of multiplex autism in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Mol Autism 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 31893020 PMCID: PMC6936127 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with pronounced heritability in the general population. This is largely attributable to the effects of polygenic susceptibility, with inherited liability exhibiting distinct sex differences in phenotypic expression. Attempts to model ASD in human cellular systems have principally involved rare de novo mutations associated with ASD phenocopies. However, by definition, these models are not representative of polygenic liability, which accounts for the vast share of population-attributable risk. Methods Here, we performed what is, to our knowledge, the first attempt to model multiplex autism using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in a family manifesting incremental degrees of phenotypic expression of inherited liability (absent, intermediate, severe). The family members share an inherited variant of uncertain significance (VUS) in GPD2, a gene that was previously associated with developmental disability but here is insufficient by itself to cause ASD. iPSCs from three first-degree relatives and an unrelated control were differentiated into both cortical excitatory (cExN) and cortical inhibitory (cIN) neurons, and cellular phenotyping and transcriptomic analysis were conducted. Results cExN neurospheres from the two affected individuals were reduced in size, compared to those derived from unaffected related and unrelated individuals. This reduction was, at least in part, due to increased apoptosis of cells from affected individuals upon initiation of cExN neural induction. Likewise, cIN neural progenitor cells from affected individuals exhibited increased apoptosis, compared to both unaffected individuals. Transcriptomic analysis of both cExN and cIN neural progenitor cells revealed distinct molecular signatures associated with affectation, including the misregulation of suites of genes associated with neural development, neuronal function, and behavior, as well as altered expression of ASD risk-associated genes. Conclusions We have provided evidence of morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic signatures of polygenic liability to ASD from an analysis of cellular models derived from a multiplex autism family. ASD is commonly inherited on the basis of additive genetic liability. Therefore, identifying convergent cellular and molecular phenotypes resulting from polygenic and monogenic susceptibility may provide a critical bridge for determining which of the disparate effects of rare highly deleterious mutations might also apply to common autistic syndromes.
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Wang J, Feng S, Li M, Liu Y, Yan J, Tang Y, Du D, Chen F. Increased Expression of Kv10.2 in the Hippocampus Attenuates Valproic Acid-Induced Autism-Like Behaviors in Rats. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2796-2808. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Liu T, Li G, Noble KV, Li Y, Barth JL, Schulte BA, Lang H. Age-dependent alterations of Kir4.1 expression in neural crest-derived cells of the mouse and human cochlea. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 80:210-222. [PMID: 31220650 PMCID: PMC6679794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (or presbyacusis) is a progressive pathophysiological process. This study addressed the hypothesis that degeneration/dysfunction of multiple nonsensory cell types contributes to presbyacusis by evaluating tissues obtained from young and aged CBA/CaJ mouse ears and human temporal bones. Ultrastructural examination and transcriptomic analysis of mouse cochleas revealed age-dependent pathophysiological alterations in 3 types of neural crest-derived cells, namely intermediate cells in the stria vascularis, outer sulcus cells in the cochlear lateral wall, and satellite cells in the spiral ganglion. A significant decline in immunoreactivity for Kir4.1, an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, was seen in strial intermediate cells and outer sulcus cells in the ears of older mice. Age-dependent alterations in Kir4.1 immunostaining also were observed in satellite cells ensheathing spiral ganglion neurons. Expression alterations of Kir4.1 were observed in these same cell populations in the aged human cochlea. These results suggest that degeneration/dysfunction of neural crest-derived cells maybe an important contributing factor to both metabolic and neural forms of presbyacusis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenyaria V Noble
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yongxi Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jeremy L Barth
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bradley A Schulte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hainan Lang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Dvir H, Kantelhardt JW, Zinkhan M, Pillmann F, Szentkiralyi A, Obst A, Ahrens W, Bartsch RP. A Biased Diffusion Approach to Sleep Dynamics Reveals Neuronal Characteristics. Biophys J 2019; 117:987-997. [PMID: 31422824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a biased diffusion model of accumulated subthreshold voltage fluctuations in wake-promoting neurons to account for stochasticity in sleep dynamics and to explain the occurrence of brief arousals during sleep. Utilizing this model, we derive four neurophysiological parameters related to neuronal noise level, excitability threshold, deep-sleep threshold, and sleep inertia. We provide the first analytic expressions for these parameters, and we show that there is good agreement between empirical findings from sleep recordings and our model simulation results. Our work suggests that these four parameters can be of clinical importance because we find them to be significantly altered in elderly subjects and in children with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Dvir
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Jan W Kantelhardt
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Melanie Zinkhan
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Frank Pillmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Andras Szentkiralyi
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne Obst
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ronny P Bartsch
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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Amodeo DA, Lai CY, Hassan O, Mukamel EA, Behrens MM, Powell SB. Maternal immune activation impairs cognitive flexibility and alters transcription in frontal cortex. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 125:211-218. [PMID: 30716470 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest that the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia is increased by prenatal exposure to viral or bacterial infection during pregnancy. It is still unclear how activation of the maternal immune response interacts with underlying genetic factors to influence observed ASD phenotypes. METHODS The current study investigated how maternal immune activation (MIA) in mice impacts gene expression in the frontal cortex in adulthood, and how these molecular changes relate to deficits in cognitive flexibility and social behavior, and increases in repetitive behavior that are prevalent in ASD. Poly(I:C) (20 mg/kg) was administered to dams on E12.5 and offspring were tested for social approach behavior, repetitive grooming, and probabilistic reversal learning in adulthood (n = 8 vehicle; n = 9 Poly(I:C)). We employed next-generation high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to comprehensively investigate the transcriptome profile in frontal cortex of adult offspring of Poly(I:C)-exposed dams. RESULTS Exposure to poly(I:C) during gestation impaired probabilistic reversal learning and decreased social approach in MIA offspring compared to controls. We found long-term effects of MIA on expression of 24 genes, including genes involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission, mTOR signaling and potassium ion channel activity. Correlations between gene expression and specific behavioral measures provided insight into genes that may be responsible for ASD-like behavioral alterations. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MIA can lead to impairments in cognitive flexibility in mice similar to those exhibited in ASD individuals, and that these impairments are associated with altered gene expression in frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisio A Amodeo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, United States
| | - Chi-Yu Lai
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Omron Hassan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Eran A Mukamel
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, CA 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - M Margarita Behrens
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
| | - Susan B Powell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; VISN-22 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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Haslinger D, Waltes R, Yousaf A, Lindlar S, Schneider I, Lim CK, Tsai MM, Garvalov BK, Acker-Palmer A, Krezdorn N, Rotter B, Acker T, Guillemin GJ, Fulda S, Freitag CM, Chiocchetti AG. Loss of the Chr16p11.2 ASD candidate gene QPRT leads to aberrant neuronal differentiation in the SH-SY5Y neuronal cell model. Mol Autism 2018; 9:56. [PMID: 30443311 PMCID: PMC6220561 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Altered neuronal development is discussed as the underlying pathogenic mechanism of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Copy number variations of 16p11.2 have recurrently been identified in individuals with ASD. Of the 29 genes within this region, quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) showed the strongest regulation during neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We hypothesized a causal relation between this tryptophan metabolism-related enzyme and neuronal differentiation. We thus analyzed the effect of QPRT on the differentiation of SH-SY5Y and specifically focused on neuronal morphology, metabolites of the tryptophan pathway, and the neurodevelopmental transcriptome. Methods The gene dosage-dependent change of QPRT expression following Chr16p11.2 deletion was investigated in a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) of a deletion carrier and compared to his non-carrier parents. Expression of QPRT was tested for correlation with neuromorphology in SH-SY5Y cells. QPRT function was inhibited in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells using (i) siRNA knockdown (KD), (ii) chemical mimicking of loss of QPRT, and (iii) complete CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out (KO). QPRT-KD cells underwent morphological analysis. Chemically inhibited and QPRT-KO cells were characterized using viability assays. Additionally, QPRT-KO cells underwent metabolite and whole transcriptome analyses. Genes differentially expressed upon KO of QPRT were tested for enrichment in biological processes and co-regulated gene-networks of the human brain. Results QPRT expression was reduced in the LCL of the deletion carrier and significantly correlated with the neuritic complexity of SH-SY5Y. The reduction of QPRT altered neuronal morphology of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Chemical inhibition as well as complete KO of the gene were lethal upon induction of neuronal differentiation, but not proliferation. The QPRT-associated tryptophan pathway was not affected by KO. At the transcriptome level, genes linked to neurodevelopmental processes and synaptic structures were affected. Differentially regulated genes were enriched for ASD candidates, and co-regulated gene networks were implicated in the development of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. Conclusions In this study, QPRT was causally related to in vitro neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells and affected the regulation of genes and gene networks previously implicated in ASD. Thus, our data suggest that QPRT may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ASD in Chr16p11.2 deletion carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Haslinger
- 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Regina Waltes
- 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Afsheen Yousaf
- 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Silvia Lindlar
- 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ines Schneider
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Chai K Lim
- 3Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Meng-Miao Tsai
- 4Neuropathology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Boyan K Garvalov
- 4Neuropathology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,5Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- 6Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), JW Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Till Acker
- 4Neuropathology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- 3Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine M Freitag
- 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas G Chiocchetti
- 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Association study between inwardly rectifying potassium channels 2.1 and 4.1 and autism spectrum disorders. Life Sci 2018; 213:183-189. [PMID: 30304693 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders involving structural and functional impairment of the brain. Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels may contribute to the etiology of ASD by altering brain function. This study investigated the associations between genetic variants of KCNJ2 and KCNJ10 genes (encoding Kir2.1 and Kir4.1, respectively) and ASD risk in patients, and Kir channel expression in ASD model rats. This case-control study involved a cohort of 269 Chinese children with ASD and 243 unrelated healthy controls. Twelve tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the KCNJ2 and KCNJ10 genes were genotyped by Sequenom Mass Array, while a valproic acid (VPA)-induced rat model of ASD was used to evaluate Kir channel expression in the hippocampus. Among the 12 examined SNPs, only KCNJ10 rs1186689 was significantly associated with disease susceptibility; the variant T allele conferred a lower risk of developing ASD [odds ratio (OR) = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.47-0.80, p false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.012, and OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.48-0.84, pFDR = 0.014 at the allelic and genotypic levels, respectively]. Additionally, hippocampal Kir2.1 and Kir4.1 levels were decreased in VPA as compared to control rats. These results demonstrated that KCNJ10 (rs1186689) polymorphisms was correlated with ASD susceptibility in Chinese Han children, and the abnormal expression of Kir2.1 and Kir4.1 in ASD model rats suggested a mechanism by which Kir channels may play a role in ASD.
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Zhang L, Liu L, Wen Y, Ma M, Cheng S, Yang J, Li P, Cheng B, Du Y, Liang X, Zhao Y, Ding M, Guo X, Zhang F. Genome-wide association study and identification of chromosomal enhancer maps in multiple brain regions related to autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2018; 12:26-32. [PMID: 30157312 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder with strong genetic components involved. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of non-coding regulatory variants for complex diseases. To explore the roles of chromosomal enhancer regions in the pathogenesis of ASD, we conducted an integrative analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and brain region related enhancer-gene networks for ASD. The GWAS data of ASD were driven from a published study, involving 7,387 ASD cases and 8,567 controls. The enhancer-gene networks of eight brain regions were used here. The GWAS of ASD was first merged respectively with the enhancer datasets of eight brain regions. Pathway enrichment analysis was then performed to detect ASD associated pathways based on the enhancer-related single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of each brain region. We detected multiple genes with brain region specific or common association signals, such as PGM3 (P value = 1.93 × 10-5 ) and RWDD2A (P value = 1.93 × 10-5 ) for hippocampus middle, and ENPP4 (all P values <0.05), and ENPP5 (all P values <0.05) for seven brain regions. By comparing the pathway enrichment analysis results of various brain regions, several cross brain regions pathways were detected for ASD, such as REACTOME_POTASSIUM_CHANNELS (all P values <0.05) for six brain regions and KEGG_CELL_ADHESION_MOLECULES_CAMS (all P values <0.05) for seven brain regions. In addition, several pathways were also identified for specific brain regions, such as REACTOME_CD28_DEPENDENT_PI3K_AKT_SIGNALING (P value = 4.00 × 10-3 ) for angular gyrus, REACTOME_SIGNALING_BY_CONSTITUTIVELY_ACTIVE_EGFR (P value = 2.22 × 10-3 ) for anterior caudate, and KEGG_PRION_DISEASES (P value = 1.00 × 10-4 ) for germinal matrix. Our results provide novel clues for understanding the genetic basis of ASD. Autism Research 2019, 12: 26-32. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: ASD is a complex developmental disorder with strong genetic components, but the pathogenesis of ASD is still unclear. Using the latest GWAS data and enhancer map, we explored the brain region related biological pathways associated with ASD. Our results provide novel clues for revealing the functional relevance of enhancer variants with ASD and understanding the genetic basis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yan Wen
- From the Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Mei Ma
- From the Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- From the Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- From the Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yanan Du
- From the Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- From the Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- From the Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Miao Ding
- From the Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiong Guo
- From the Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
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Bausch AE, Ehinger R, Straubinger J, Zerfass P, Nann Y, Lukowski R. Loss of Sodium-Activated Potassium Channel Slack and FMRP Differentially Affect Social Behavior in Mice. Neuroscience 2018; 384:361-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Karalok ZS, Megaro A, Cenciarini M, Guven A, Hasan SM, Taskin BD, Imbrici P, Ceylaner S, Pessia M, D'Adamo MC. Identification of a New de Novo Mutation Underlying Regressive Episodic Ataxia Type I. Front Neurol 2018; 9:587. [PMID: 30140249 PMCID: PMC6094999 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1), a Shaker-like K+channelopathy, is a consequence of genetic anomalies in the KCNA1 gene that lead to dysfunctions in the voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1. 1. Generally, KCNA1 mutations are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Here we report the clinical phenotype of an EA1 patient characterized by ataxia attacks that decrease in frequency with age, and eventually leading to therapy discontinuation. A new de novo mutation (c.932G>A) that changed a highly conserved glycine residue into an aspartate (p.G311D) was identified by using targeted next-generation sequencing. The conserved glycine is located in the S4–S5 linker, a crucial domain controlling Kv1.1 channel gating. In silico analyses predicted the mutation deleterious. Heterologous expression of the mutant (Kv1.1-G311D) channels resulted in remarkably decreased amplitudes of measured current, confirming the identified variant is pathogenic. Collectively, these findings corroborate the notion that EA1 also results from de novo variants and point out that regardless of the mutation-induced deleterious loss of Kv1.1 channel function the ataxia phenotype may improve spontaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep S Karalok
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara Children's Hematology Oncology Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alfredo Megaro
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marta Cenciarini
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alev Guven
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara Children's Hematology Oncology Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sonia M Hasan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Birce D Taskin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara Children's Hematology Oncology Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Paola Imbrici
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Pessia
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Maria C D'Adamo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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41
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Wittkowski KM, Dadurian C, Seybold MP, Kim HS, Hoshino A, Lyden D. Complex polymorphisms in endocytosis genes suggest alpha-cyclodextrin as a treatment for breast cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199012. [PMID: 29965997 PMCID: PMC6028090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most breast cancer deaths are caused by metastasis and treatment options beyond radiation and cytotoxic drugs, which have severe side effects, and hormonal treatments, which are or become ineffective for many patients, are urgently needed. This study reanalyzed existing data from three genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using a novel computational biostatistics approach (muGWAS), which had been validated in studies of 600-2000 subjects in epilepsy and autism. MuGWAS jointly analyzes several neighboring single nucleotide polymorphisms while incorporating knowledge about genetics of heritable diseases into the statistical method and about GWAS into the rules for determining adaptive genome-wide significance. Results from three independent GWAS of 1000-2000 subjects each, which were made available under the National Institute of Health's "Up For A Challenge" (U4C) project, not only confirmed cell-cycle control and receptor/AKT signaling, but, for the first time in breast cancer GWAS, also consistently identified many genes involved in endo-/exocytosis (EEC), most of which had already been observed in functional and expression studies of breast cancer. In particular, the findings include genes that translocate (ATP8A1, ATP8B1, ANO4, ABCA1) and metabolize (AGPAT3, AGPAT4, DGKQ, LPPR1) phospholipids entering the phosphatidylinositol cycle, which controls EEC. These novel findings suggest scavenging phospholipids as a novel intervention to control local spread of cancer, packaging of exosomes (which prepare distant microenvironment for organ-specific metastases), and endocytosis of β1 integrins (which are required for spread of metastatic phenotype and mesenchymal migration of tumor cells). Beta-cyclodextrins (βCD) have already been shown to be effective in in vitro and animal studies of breast cancer, but exhibits cholesterol-related ototoxicity. The smaller alpha-cyclodextrins (αCD) also scavenges phospholipids, but cannot fit cholesterol. An in-vitro study presented here confirms hydroxypropyl (HP)-αCD to be twice as effective as HPβCD against migration of human cells of both receptor negative and estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer. If the previous successful animal studies with βCDs are replicated with the safer and more effective αCDs, clinical trials of adjuvant treatment with αCDs are warranted. Ultimately, all breast cancer are expected to benefit from treatment with HPαCD, but women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) will benefit most, because they have fewer treatment options and their cancer advances more aggressively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut M. Wittkowski
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Christina Dadurian
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Martin P. Seybold
- Institut für Formale Methoden der Informatik, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Han Sang Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ayuko Hoshino
- Department of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David Lyden
- Department of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Antunes G, Faria da Silva SF, Simoes de Souza FM. Mirror Neurons Modeled Through Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity are Affected by Channelopathies Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Neural Syst 2018; 28:1750058. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129065717500587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mirror neurons fire action potentials both when the agent performs a certain behavior and watches someone performing a similar action. Here, we present an original mirror neuron model based on the spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) between two morpho-electrical models of neocortical pyramidal neurons. Both neurons fired spontaneously with basal firing rate that follows a Poisson distribution, and the STDP between them was modeled by the triplet algorithm. Our simulation results demonstrated that STDP is sufficient for the rise of mirror neuron function between the pairs of neocortical neurons. This is a proof of concept that pairs of neocortical neurons associating sensory inputs to motor outputs could operate like mirror neurons. In addition, we used the mirror neuron model to investigate whether channelopathies associated with autism spectrum disorder could impair the modeled mirror function. Our simulation results showed that impaired hyperpolarization-activated cationic currents (Ih) affected the mirror function between the pairs of neocortical neurons coupled by STDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Antunes
- Department of Physics, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio M. Simoes de Souza
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Sao Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
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Binda A, Rivolta I, Villa C, Chisci E, Beghi M, Cornaggia CM, Giovannoni R, Combi R. A Novel KCNJ2 Mutation Identified in an Autistic Proband Affects the Single Channel Properties of Kir2.1. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:76. [PMID: 29615871 PMCID: PMC5869910 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir) have been historically associated to several cardiovascular disorders. In particular, loss-of-function mutations in the Kir2.1 channel have been reported in cases affected by Andersen-Tawil syndrome while gain-of-function mutations in the same channel cause the short QT3 syndrome. Recently, a missense mutation in Kir2.1, as well as mutations in the Kir4.1, were reported to be involved in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) suggesting a role of potassium channels in these diseases and introducing the idea of the existence of K+ channel ASDs. Here, we report the identification in an Italian affected family of a novel missense mutation (p.Phe58Ser) in the KCNJ2 gene detected in heterozygosity in a proband affected by autism and borderline for short QT syndrome type 3. The mutation is located in the N-terminal region of the gene coding for the Kir2.1 channel and in particular in a very conserved domain. In vitro assays demonstrated that this mutation results in an increase of the channel conductance and in its open probability. This gain-of-function of the protein is consistent with the autistic phenotype, which is normally associated to an altered neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Binda
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rivolta
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Elisa Chisci
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Cesare M Cornaggia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Romina Combi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Abstract
Mutations in the cereblon (CRBN) gene cause human intellectual disability, one of the most common cognitive disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms of CRBN-related intellectual disability remain poorly understood. We investigated the role of CRBN in synaptic function and animal behavior using male mouse and Drosophila models. Crbn knock-out (KO) mice showed normal brain and spine morphology as well as intact synaptic plasticity; however, they also exhibited decreases in synaptic transmission and presynaptic release probability exclusively in excitatory synapses. Presynaptic function was impaired not only by loss of CRBN expression, but also by expression of pathogenic CRBN mutants (human R419X mutant and Drosophila G552X mutant). We found that the BK channel blockers paxilline and iberiotoxin reversed this decrease in presynaptic release probability in Crbn KO mice. In addition, paxilline treatment also restored normal cognitive behavior in Crbn KO mice. These results strongly suggest that increased BK channel activity is the pathological mechanism of intellectual disability in CRBN mutations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCereblon (CRBN), a well known target of the immunomodulatory drug thalidomide, was originally identified as a gene that causes human intellectual disability when mutated. However, the molecular mechanisms of CRBN-related intellectual disability remain poorly understood. Based on the idea that synaptic abnormalities are the most common factor in cognitive dysfunction, we monitored the synaptic structure and function of Crbn knock-out (KO) animals to identify the molecular mechanisms of intellectual disability. Here, we found that Crbn KO animals showed cognitive deficits caused by enhanced BK channel activity and reduced presynaptic glutamate release. Our findings suggest a physiological pathomechanism of the intellectual disability-related gene CRBN and will contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for CRBN-related intellectual disability.
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Milton M, Smith PD. It's All about Timing: The Involvement of Kir4.1 Channel Regulation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:36. [PMID: 29503609 PMCID: PMC5820340 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An acute ischemic stroke is characterized by the presence of a blood clot that limits blood flow to the brain resulting in subsequent neuronal loss. Acute stroke threatens neuronal survival, which relies heavily upon proper function of astrocytes. Neurons are more susceptible to cell death when an astrocyte is unable to carry out its normal functions in supporting the neuron in the area affected by the stroke (Rossi et al., 2007; Takano et al., 2009). For example, under normal conditions, astrocytes initially swell in response to changes in extracellular osmotic pressure and then reduce their regulatory volume in response to volume-activated potassium (K+) and chloride channels (Vella et al., 2015). This astroglial swelling may be overwhelmed, under ischemic conditions, due to the increased levels of glutamate and extracellular K+ (Lai et al., 2014; Vella et al., 2015). The increase in extracellular K+ contributes to neuronal damage and loss through the initiation of harmful secondary cascades (Nwaobi et al., 2016). Reducing the amount of extracellular K+ could, in theory, limit or prevent neuronal damage and loss resulting in an improved prognosis for individuals following ischemic stroke. Kir4.1, an inwardly rectifying K+ channel, has demonstrated an ability to regulate the rapid reuptake of this ion to return the cell to basal levels allowing it to fire again in rapid transmission (Sibille et al., 2015). Despite growing interest in this area, the underlying mechanism suggesting that neuroprotection could occur through modification of the Kir4.1 channel's activity has yet to be described. The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature and propose potential underlying mechanisms involving Kir4.1, specially the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and/or autophagic pathways, in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. The hope is that this review will instigate further investigation of Kir4.1 as a modulator of stroke pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrice D. Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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46
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Astrocytic modulation of neuronal excitability through K + spatial buffering. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:87-97. [PMID: 28279812 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The human brain contains two major cell populations, neurons and glia. While neurons are electrically excitable and capable of discharging short voltage pulses known as action potentials, glial cells are not. However, astrocytes, the prevailing subtype of glia in the cortex, are highly connected and can modulate the excitability of neurons by changing the concentration of potassium ions in the extracellular environment, a process called K+ clearance. During the past decade, astrocytes have been the focus of much research, mainly due to their close association with synapses and their modulatory impact on neuronal activity. It has been shown that astrocytes play an essential role in normal brain function including: nitrosative regulation of synaptic release in the neocortex, synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission and plasticity. Here, we discuss the role of astrocytes in network modulation through their K+ clearance capabilities, a theory that was first raised 50 years ago by Orkand and Kuffler. We will discuss the functional alterations in astrocytic activity that leads to aberrant modulation of network oscillations and synchronous activity.
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47
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Reim D, Distler U, Halbedl S, Verpelli C, Sala C, Bockmann J, Tenzer S, Boeckers TM, Schmeisser MJ. Proteomic Analysis of Post-synaptic Density Fractions from Shank3 Mutant Mice Reveals Brain Region Specific Changes Relevant to Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:26. [PMID: 28261056 PMCID: PMC5306440 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the human SHANK3 gene can cause several neuropsychiatric disease entities including Phelan-McDermid syndrome, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability. Although, a wide array of neurobiological studies strongly supports a major role for SHANK3 in organizing the post-synaptic protein scaffold, the molecular processes at synapses of individuals harboring SHANK3 mutations are still far from being understood. In this study, we biochemically isolated the post-synaptic density (PSD) fraction from striatum and hippocampus of adult Shank3Δ11-/- mutant mice and performed ion-mobility enhanced data-independent label-free LC-MS/MS to obtain the corresponding PSD proteomes (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005192). This unbiased approach to identify molecular disturbances at Shank3 mutant PSDs revealed hitherto unknown brain region specific alterations including a striatal decrease of several molecules encoded by ASD susceptibility genes such as the serine/threonine kinase Cdkl5 and the potassium channel KCa1.1. Being the first comprehensive analysis of brain region specific PSD proteomes from a Shank3 mutant line, our study provides crucial information on molecular alterations that could foster translational treatment studies for SHANK3 mutation-associated synaptopathies and possibly also ASD in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Reim
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
| | - Ute Distler
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
| | - Sonja Halbedl
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
| | - Chiara Verpelli
- CNR Neuroscience InstituteMilan, Italy
- BIOMETRA, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Carlo Sala
- CNR Neuroscience InstituteMilan, Italy
- BIOMETRA, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Juergen Bockmann
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
| | | | - Michael J. Schmeisser
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany
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Abstract
Background: Potassium channels have been shown to be involved in neural plasticity and learning. Kv4.2 is a subunit of the A-type potassium channel. Kv4.2 channels modulate excitability in the dendrites of pyramidal neurons in the cortex and hippocampus. Deletion of Kv4.2 results in spatial learning and conditioned fear deficits; however, previous studies have only examined deletion of Kv4.2 in aversive learning tests. Methods: For the current study, we used the Lashley maze as an appetitive learning test. We examined Kv4.2 wildtype (WT) and knockout (KO) mice in the Lashley maze over 4 days during adulthood. The first day consisted of habituating the mice to the maze. The mice then received five trials per day for the next 3 days. The number of errors and the time to the goal box was recorded for each trial. The goal box contained a weigh boat with an appetitive reward (gelatin with sugar). There was an intertrial interval of 15 minutes. Results: We found that Kv4.2 KO mice committed more errors across the trials compared to the WT mice p<0.001. There was no difference in the latency to find the goal box over the period. Discussion: Our finding that deletion of Kv4.2 resulted in more errors in the Lashley maze across 15 trials contribute to a growing body of evidence that Kv4.2 channels are significantly involved in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Smith
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Joaquin N Lugo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
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Smith GD, Gao N, Lugo JN. Kv4.2 knockout mice display learning and memory deficits in the Lashley maze. F1000Res 2016; 5:2456. [PMID: 28163893 PMCID: PMC5247778 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9664.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Potassium channels have been shown to be involved in neural plasticity and learning. Kv4.2 is a subunit of the A-type potassium channel. Kv4.2 channels modulate excitability in the dendrites of pyramidal neurons in the cortex and hippocampus. Deletion of Kv4.2 results in spatial learning and conditioned fear deficits; however, previous studies have only examined deletion of Kv4.2 in aversive learning tests. Methods: For the current study, we used the Lashley maze as an appetitive learning test. We examined Kv4.2 wildtype (WT) and knockout (KO) mice in the Lashley maze over 4 days during adulthood. The first day consisted of habituating the mice to the maze. The mice then received five trials per day for the next 3 days. The number of errors and the time to the goal box was recorded for each trial. The goal box contained a weigh boat with an appetitive reward (gelatin with sugar). There was an intertrial interval of 15 minutes. Results: We found that Kv4.2 KO mice committed more errors across the trials compared to the WT mice p<0.001. There was no difference in the latency to find the goal box over the period. Discussion: Our finding that deletion of Kv4.2 resulted in more errors in the Lashley maze across 15 trials contribute to a growing body of evidence that Kv4.2 channels are significantly involved in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D. Smith
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Joaquin N. Lugo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
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50
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Kaya N, Alsagob M, D'Adamo MC, Al-Bakheet A, Hasan S, Muccioli M, Almutairi FB, Almass R, Aldosary M, Monies D, Mustafa OM, Alyounes B, Kenana R, Al-Zahrani J, Naim E, Binhumaid FS, Qari A, Almutairi F, Meyer B, Plageman TF, Pessia M, Colak D, Al-Owain M. KCNA4 deficiency leads to a syndrome of abnormal striatum, congenital cataract and intellectual disability. J Med Genet 2016; 53:786-792. [PMID: 27582084 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voltage-gated potassium channels are highly diverse proteins representing the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from structural and functional perspectives. Deficiency of these channels usually results in various human disorders. OBJECTIVES To describe a novel autosomal recessive syndrome associated with KCNA4 deficiency leading to congenital cataract, abnormal striatum, intellectual disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. METHODS We used SNP arrays, linkage analyses, autozygosity mapping, whole-exome sequencing, RT-PCR and two-electrode voltage-clamp recording. RESULTS We identified a missense variant (p.Arg89Gln) in KCNA4 in four patients from a consanguineous family manifesting a novel syndrome of congenital cataract, abnormal striatum, intellectual disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The variant was fully segregated with the disease and absent in 747 ethnically matched exomes. Xenopus oocytes were injected with human Kv1.4 wild-type mRNA, R89Q and WT/R89Q channels. The wild type had mean current amplitude that was significantly greater than those recorded from the cells expressing the same amount of mutant mRNA. Co-expression of the wild type and mutant mRNAs resulted in mean current amplitude that was significantly different from that of the wild type. RT-PCR indicated that KCNA4 is present in mouse brain, lens and retina. KCNA4 interacts with several molecules including synaptotagmin I, DLG1 and DLG2. The channel co-localises with cholinergic amacrine and rod bipolar cells in rats and is widely distributed in the central nervous system. Based on previous studies, the channel is highly expressed in outer retina, rod inner segments, hippocampus and concentrated in axonal membranes. CONCLUSION KCNA4 (Kv1.4) is implicated in a novel syndrome characterised by striatal thinning, congenital cataract and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Our study highlights potassium channels' role in ocular and neuronal genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namik Kaya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Cristina D'Adamo
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Albandary Al-Bakheet
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sonia Hasan
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Muccioli
- College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Faten B Almutairi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Almass
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazhor Aldosary
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Monies
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Mustafa
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Banan Alyounes
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosan Kenana
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Al-Zahrani
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eva Naim
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal S Binhumaid
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alya Qari
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatema Almutairi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mauro Pessia
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Physiology & Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Owain
- College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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