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Utashiro N, MacLaren DAA, Liu YC, Yaqubi K, Wojak B, Monyer H. Long-range inhibition from prelimbic to cingulate areas of the medial prefrontal cortex enhances network activity and response execution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5772. [PMID: 38982042 PMCID: PMC11233578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) exerts top-down control of many behaviors, but little is known regarding how cross-talk between distinct areas of the mPFC influences top-down signaling. We performed virus-mediated tracing and functional studies in male mice, homing in on GABAergic projections whose axons are located mainly in layer 1 and that connect two areas of the mPFC, namely the prelimbic area (PrL) with the cingulate area 1 and 2 (Cg1/2). We revealed the identity of the targeted neurons that comprise two distinct types of layer 1 GABAergic interneurons, namely single-bouquet cells (SBCs) and neurogliaform cells (NGFs), and propose that this connectivity links GABAergic projection neurons with cortical canonical circuits. In vitro electrophysiological and in vivo calcium imaging studies support the notion that the GABAergic projection neurons from the PrL to the Cg1/2 exert a crucial role in regulating the activity in the target area by disinhibiting layer 5 output neurons. Finally, we demonstrated that recruitment of these projections affects impulsivity and mechanical responsiveness, behaviors which are known to be modulated by Cg1/2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Utashiro
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University and of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Duncan Archibald Allan MacLaren
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University and of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yu-Chao Liu
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University and of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kaneschka Yaqubi
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University and of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Wojak
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University and of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hannah Monyer
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University and of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Barbaresi P, Fabri M, Lorenzi T, Sagrati A, Morroni M. Intrinsic organization of the corpus callosum. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1393000. [PMID: 39035452 PMCID: PMC11259024 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1393000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum-the largest commissural fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres-is considered essential for bilateral sensory integration and higher cognitive functions. Most studies exploring the corpus callosum have examined either the anatomical, physiological, and neurochemical organization of callosal projections or the functional and/or behavioral aspects of the callosal connections after complete/partial callosotomy or callosal lesion. There are no works that address the intrinsic organization of the corpus callosum. We review the existing information on the activities that take place in the commissure in three sections: I) the topographical and neurochemical organization of the intracallosal fibers, II) the role of glia in the corpus callosum, and III) the role of the intracallosal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Barbaresi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mara Fabri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Teresa Lorenzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Sagrati
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Manrico Morroni
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ancona, Italy
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Cherian S, Simms G, Chen L, Chu HY. Loss of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Does Not Alter GABAergic Inhibition Mediated by Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons in Mouse Primary Motor Cortex. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0010-24.2024. [PMID: 38658137 PMCID: PMC11082919 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0010-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary motor cortex (M1) integrates sensory and cognitive inputs to generate voluntary movement. Its functional impairments have been implicated in the pathophysiology of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Specifically, dopaminergic degeneration and basal ganglia dysfunction entrain M1 neurons into the abnormally synchronized bursting pattern of activity throughout the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical network. However, how degeneration of the midbrain dopaminergic neurons affects the anatomy, microcircuit connectivity, and function of the M1 network remains poorly understood. The present study examined whether and how the loss of dopamine (DA) affects the morphology, cellular excitability, and synaptic physiology of Layer 5 parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) cells in the M1 of mice of both sexes. Here, we reported that loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons does not alter the number, morphology, and physiology of Layer 5 PV+ cells in M1. Moreover, we demonstrated that the number of perisomatic PV+ puncta of M1 pyramidal neurons as well as their functional innervation of cortical pyramidal neurons were not altered following the loss of DA. Together, the present study documents an intact GABAergic inhibitory network formed by PV+ cells following the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Cherian
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Gabriel Simms
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Hong-Yuan Chu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
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Bertero A, Apicella AJ. Distinct electrophysiological properties of long-range GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons from the lateral amygdala to the auditory cortex of the mouse. J Physiol 2024; 602:1733-1757. [PMID: 38493320 DOI: 10.1113/jp286094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Differentiating between auditory signals of various emotional significance plays a crucial role in an individual's ability to thrive and excel in social interactions and in survival. Multiple approaches, including anatomical studies, electrophysiological investigations, imaging techniques, optogenetics and chemogenetics, have confirmed that the auditory cortex (AC) impacts fear-related behaviours driven by auditory stimuli by conveying auditory information to the lateral amygdala (LA) through long-range excitatory glutamatergic and GABAergic connections. In addition, the LA provides glutamatergic projections to the AC which are important to fear memory expression and are modified by associative fear learning. Here we test the hypothesis that the LA also sends long-range direct inhibitory inputs to the cortex. To address this fundamental question, we used anatomical and electrophysiological approaches, allowing us to directly assess the nature of GABAergic inputs from the LA to the AC in the mouse. Our findings elucidate the existence of a long-range inhibitory pathway from the LA to the AC (LAC) via parvalbumin-expressing (LAC-Parv) and somatostatin-expressing (LAC-SOM) neurons. This research identifies distinct electrophysiological properties for genetically defined long-range GABAergic neurons involved in the communication between the LA and the cortex (LAC-Parv inhibitory projections → AC neurons; LAC-Som inhibitory projections → AC neurons) within the lateral amygdala cortical network. KEY POINTS: The mouse auditory cortex receives inputs from the lateral amygdala. Retrograde viral tracing techniques allowed us to identify two previously undescribed lateral amygdala to auditory cortex (LAC) GABAergic projecting neurons. Extensive electrophysiological, morphological and anatomical characterization of LAC neurons is provided here, demonstrating key differences in the three populations. This study paves the way for a better understanding of the growing complexity of the cortico-amygdala-cortico circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bertero
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alfonso Junior Apicella
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Pal S, Lim JWC, Richards LJ. Diverse axonal morphologies of individual callosal projection neurons reveal new insights into brain connectivity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 84:102837. [PMID: 38271848 PMCID: PMC11265515 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In the mature brain, functionally distinct areas connect to specific targets, mediating network activity required for function. New insights are still occurring regarding how specific connectivity occurs in the developing brain. Decades of work have revealed important insights into the molecular and genetic mechanisms regulating cell type specification in the brain. This work classified long-range projection neurons of the cerebral cortex into three major classes based on their primary target (e.g. subcortical, intracortical, and interhemispheric projections). However, painstaking single-cell mapping reveals that long-range projection neurons of the corpus callosum connect to multiple and overlapping ipsilateral and contralateral targets with often highly branched axons. In addition, their scRNA transcriptomes are highly variable, making it difficult to identify meaningful subclasses. This work has prompted us to reexamine how cortical projection neurons that comprise the corpus callosum are currently classified and how this stunning array of variability might be achieved during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranjana Pal
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. https://twitter.com/PalSuranjana
| | - Jonathan W C Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Linda J Richards
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Li XH, Shi W, Chen QY, Hao S, Miao HH, Miao Z, Xu F, Bi GQ, Zhuo M. Activation of the glutamatergic cingulate cortical-cortical connection facilitates pain in adult mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1247. [PMID: 38071375 PMCID: PMC10710420 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain consists of the left and right cerebral hemispheres and both are connected by callosal projections. Less is known about the basic mechanism of this cortical-cortical connection and its functional importance. Here we investigate the cortical-cortical connection between the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) by using the classic electrophysiological and optogenetic approach. We find that there is a direct synaptic projection from one side ACC to the contralateral ACC. Glutamate is the major excitatory transmitter for bilateral ACC connection, including projections to pyramidal cells in superficial (II/III) and deep (V/VI) layers of the ACC. Both AMPA and kainate receptors contribute to synaptic transmission. Repetitive stimulation of the projection also evoked postsynaptic Ca2+ influx in contralateral ACC pyramidal neurons. Behaviorally, light activation of the ACC-ACC connection facilitated behavioral withdrawal responses to mechanical stimuli and noxious heat. In an animal model of neuropathic pain, light inhibitory of ACC-ACC connection reduces both primary and secondary hyperalgesia. Our findings provide strong direct evidence for the excitatory or facilitatory contribution of ACC-ACC connection to pain perception, and this mechanism may provide therapeutic targets for future treatment of chronic pain and related emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hui Li
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute of Brain Research, Qingdao International Academician Park, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Wantong Shi
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Institute of Brain Research, Qingdao International Academician Park, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Qi-Yu Chen
- Institute of Brain Research, Qingdao International Academician Park, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Shun Hao
- Institute of Brain Research, Qingdao International Academician Park, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Hui-Hui Miao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10th Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Fang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Institute of Brain Research, Qingdao International Academician Park, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China.
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510130, China.
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Zhang Y, Chu G, Leng Y, Lin X, Zhou H, Lu Y, Liu B. Parvalbumin-positive neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus contribute to vestibular compensation through commissural inhibition. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1260243. [PMID: 38026699 PMCID: PMC10663245 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1260243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The commissural inhibitory system between the bilateral medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) plays a key role in vestibular compensation. Calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) is expressed in MVN GABAergic neurons. Whether these neurons are involved in vestibular compensation is still unknown. Methods After unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL), we measured the activity of MVN PV neurons by in vivo calcium imaging, and observed the projection of MVN PV neurons by retrograde neural tracing. After regulating PV neurons' activity by chemogenetic technique, the effects on vestibular compensation were evaluated by behavior analysis. Results We found PV expression and the activity of PV neurons in contralateral but not ipsilateral MVN increased 6 h following UL. ErbB4 is required to maintain GABA release for PV neurons, conditional knockout ErbB4 from PV neurons promoted vestibular compensation. Further investigation showed that vestibular compensation could be promoted by chemogenetic inhibition of contralateral MVN or activation of ipsilateral MVN PV neurons. Additional neural tracing study revealed that considerable MVN PV neurons were projecting to the opposite side of MVN, and that activating the ipsilateral MVN PV neurons projecting to contralateral MVN can promote vestibular compensation. Conclusion Contralateral MVN PV neuron activation after UL is detrimental to vestibular compensation, and rebalancing bilateral MVN PV neuron activity can promote vestibular compensation, via commissural inhibition from the ipsilateral MVN PV neurons. Our findings provide a new understanding of vestibular compensation at the neural circuitry level and a novel potential therapeutic target for vestibular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangpin Chu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangming Leng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueling Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yisheng Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Xiong G, Metheny H, Hood K, Jean I, Farrugia AM, Johnson BN, Tummala SR, Cohen NA, Cohen AS. Detection and verification of neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury in the mouse: Immunohistochemical staining for amyloid precursor protein. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13163. [PMID: 37156643 PMCID: PMC10580020 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of human traumatic brain injury (TBI) have shown diffuse axonal injury as varicosities or spheroids in white matter (WM) bundles when using immunoperoxidase-ABC staining with 22C11, a mouse monoclonal antibody against amyloid precursor protein (APP). These findings have been interpreted as TBI-induced axonal pathology. In a mouse model of TBI however, when we used immunofluorescent staining with 22C11, as opposed to immunoperoxidase staining, we did not observe varicosities or spheroids. To explore this discrepancy, we performed immunofluorescent staining with Y188, an APP knockout-validated rabbit monoclonal that shows baseline immunoreactivity in neurons and oligodendrocytes of non-injured mice, with some arranged-like varicosities. In gray matter after injury, Y188 intensely stained axonal blebs. In WM, we encountered large patches of heavily stained puncta, heterogeneous in size. Scattered axonal blebs were also identified among these Y188-stained puncta. To assess the neuronal origin of Y188 staining after TBI we made use of transgenic mice with fluorescently labeled neurons and axons. A close correlation was observed between Y188-stained axonal blebs and fluorescently labeled neuronal cell bodies/axons. By contrast, no correlation was observed between Y188-stained puncta and fluorescent axons in WM, suggesting that these puncta in WM did not originate from axons, and casting further doubt on the nature of previous reports with 22C11. As such, we strongly recommend Y188 as a biomarker for detecting damaged neurons and axons after TBI. With Y188, stained axonal blebs likely represent acute axonal truncations that may lead to death of the parent neurons. Y188-stained puncta in WM may indicate damaged oligodendrocytes, whose death and clearance can result in secondary demyelination and Wallerian degeneration of axons. We also provide evidence suggesting that 22C11-stained varicosities or spheroids previously reported in TBI patients might be showing damaged oligodendrocytes, due to a cross-reaction between the ABC kit and upregulated endogenous biotin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hannah Metheny
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kaitlin Hood
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Neuroscience Graduate GroupUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ian Jean
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Anthony M. Farrugia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Brian N. Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shanti R. Tummala
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied SciencesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Noam A. Cohen
- Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryPerelman School of Medicine, University of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Akiva S. Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Druga R, Salaj M, Al-Redouan A. Parvalbumin - Positive Neurons in the Neocortex: A Review. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S173-S191. [PMID: 37565421 PMCID: PMC10660579 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium binding protein parvalbumin (PV) in the mammalian neocortex is expressed in a subpopulation of cortical GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. PV - producing interneurons represent the largest subpopulation of neocortical inhibitory cells, exhibit mutual chemical and electrical synaptic contacts and are well known to generate gamma oscillation. This review summarizes basic data of the distribution, afferent and efferent connections and physiological properties of parvalbumin expressing neurons in the neocortex. Basic data about participation of PV-positive neurons in cortical microcircuits are presented. Autaptic connections, metabolism and perineuronal nets (PNN) of PV positive neurons are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Druga
- Department of Anatomy, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic.
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Liu W, He X, Lin H, Yang M, Dai Y, Chen L, Li C, Liang S, Tao J, Chen L. Ischemic stroke rehabilitation through optogenetic modulation of parvalbumin neurons in the contralateral motor cortex. Exp Neurol 2023; 360:114289. [PMID: 36471512 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the theory of interhemispheric inhibition and the bimodal balance-recovery model in stroke, we explored the effects of excitation/inhibition (E/I) of parvalbumin (PV) neurons in the contralateral primary motor cortex (cM1) connecting the ipsilateral M1 (iM1) via the corpus callosum (cM1-CC-iM1) of ischemic stroke rats by optogenetic stimulation. METHODS We tested this by injecting anterograde and retrograde virus in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and evaluated the neurological scores, motor behavior, volume of cerebral infarction and the E/I balance of the bilateral M1 two weeks after employing optogenetic treatment. RESULTS We found that concentrations of Glu and GABA decreased and increased, respectively, in the iM1 of MCAO rats, and that the former increased in the cM1, suggesting E/I imbalance in bilateral M1 after ischemic stroke. Interestingly, optogenetic stimulation improved M1 E/I imbalance, as illustrated by the increase of Glu in the iM1 and the decrease of GABA in both iM1 and cM1, which were accompanied by an improvement in neurological deficit and motor dysfunction. In addition, we observed a reduced infarct volume, an increase in the expression of the NMDAR and AMPAR, and a decrease in GAD67 in the iM1 after intervention. CONCLUSIONS Optogenetic modulation of PV neurons of the iM1-CC-cM1 improve E/I balance, leading to reduced neurological deficit and improved motor dysfunction following ischemic stroke in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Liu
- Rehabilitation Industry institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiaojun He
- Rehabilitation Industry institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Huawei Lin
- Rehabilitation Industry institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Minguang Yang
- Rehabilitation Industry institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yaling Dai
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lewen Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Chaohui Li
- General surgery, Anxi General Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Quanzhou, Fujian 362400, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- Rehabilitation Industry institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jing Tao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lidian Chen
- Rehabilitation Industry institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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[Comparison of electrophysiological properties of parvalbumin neurons in the tail of the striatum and the auditory cortex of mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1889-1895. [PMID: 36651259 PMCID: PMC9878424 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.12.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the electrophysiological properties of parvalbumin (PV) neurons in the auditory cortex (AC) and its descending auditory projection area in the tail of the striatum (TS). METHODS The stimulation response of PV neuron step current was recorded in PV-Cre-Ai14 mice using in vitro patch clamp technique, and the release characteristics and waveform characteristics of PV neuron action potentials (APs) were analyzed using Clampfit and MATLAB software. The release characteristics of the APs included AP onset, rheobase, average firing rate, F/I slope and spike frequency adaptation (SFA); the waveform characteristics included peak and post potential characteristics. RESULTS The PV neurons of the TS and the AC had significantly different electrophysiological characteristics. In terms of peak potential characteristics, the PV neurons in the TS presented with smaller half peak width (P < 0.001) and larger amplitude (P < 0.01) with larger maximum ascending slope (P < 0.01) and maximum descending slope (P < 0.05). For post potential characteristics, the PV neurons in the TS showed a greater post hyperpolarization (P < 0.01) with a shorter time for recovery of the resting potential (P < 0.01). The firing characteristics of the PV neurons of the TS featured a higher AP rheobase (P < 0.01), a larger F/I slope (P < 0.01), a greater firing onset delay (P < 0.001), and a larger SFA (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The PV neurons in the TS and the AC of mice show significantly different electrophysiological characteristics in processing auditory information.
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Guet-McCreight A, Chameh HM, Mahallati S, Wishart M, Tripathy SJ, Valiante TA, Hay E. Age-dependent increased sag amplitude in human pyramidal neurons dampens baseline cortical activity. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4360-4373. [PMID: 36124673 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging involves various neurobiological changes, although their effect on brain function in humans remains poorly understood. The growing availability of human neuronal and circuit data provides opportunities for uncovering age-dependent changes of brain networks and for constraining models to predict consequences on brain activity. Here we found increased sag voltage amplitude in human middle temporal gyrus layer 5 pyramidal neurons from older subjects and captured this effect in biophysical models of younger and older pyramidal neurons. We used these models to simulate detailed layer 5 microcircuits and found lower baseline firing in older pyramidal neuron microcircuits, with minimal effect on response. We then validated the predicted reduced baseline firing using extracellular multielectrode recordings from human brain slices of different ages. Our results thus report changes in human pyramidal neuron input integration properties and provide fundamental insights into the neuronal mechanisms of altered cortical excitability and resting-state activity in human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Guet-McCreight
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | | | - Sara Mahallati
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T1M8, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Margaret Wishart
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Shreejoy J Tripathy
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Taufik A Valiante
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T1M8, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada.,Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada.,Max Planck-University of Toronto Center for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Etay Hay
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
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13
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Urrutia-Piñones J, Morales-Moraga C, Sanguinetti-González N, Escobar AP, Chiu CQ. Long-Range GABAergic Projections of Cortical Origin in Brain Function. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:841869. [PMID: 35392440 PMCID: PMC8981584 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.841869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of long-range GABAergic projections has traditionally been focused on those with subcortical origin. In the last few years, cortical GABAergic neurons have been shown to not only mediate local inhibition, but also extend long-range axons to remote cortical and subcortical areas. In this review, we delineate the different types of long-range GABAergic neurons (LRGNs) that have been reported to arise from the hippocampus and neocortex, paying attention to the anatomical and functional circuits they form to understand their role in behavior. Although cortical LRGNs are similar to their interneuron and subcortical counterparts, they comprise distinct populations that show specific patterns of cortico-cortical and cortico-fugal connectivity. Functionally, cortical LRGNs likely induce timed disinhibition in target regions to synchronize network activity. Thus, LRGNs are emerging as a new element of cortical output, acting in concert with long-range excitatory projections to shape brain function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Urrutia-Piñones
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Camila Morales-Moraga
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Nicole Sanguinetti-González
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Angelica P. Escobar
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Chiayu Q. Chiu
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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14
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Cousineau J, Plateau V, Baufreton J, Le Bon-Jégo M. Dopaminergic modulation of primary motor cortex: From cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying motor learning to cognitive symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 167:105674. [PMID: 35245676 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary motor cortex (M1) is crucial for movement execution, especially dexterous ones, but also for cognitive functions like motor learning. The acquisition of motor skills to execute dexterous movements requires dopamine-dependent and -independent plasticity mechanisms within M1. In addition to the basal ganglia, M1 is disturbed in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about how the lack of dopamine (DA), characteristic of PD, directly or indirectly impacts M1 circuitry. Here we review data from studies of PD patients and the substantial research in non-human primate and rodent models of DA depletion. These models enable us to understand the importance of DA in M1 physiology at the behavioral, network, cellular, and synaptic levels. We first summarize M1 functions and neuronal populations in mammals. We then look at the origin of M1 DA and the cellular location of its receptors and explore the impact of DA loss on M1 physiology, motor, and executive functions. Finally, we discuss how PD treatments impact M1 functions.
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15
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Yao HK, Guet-McCreight A, Mazza F, Moradi Chameh H, Prevot TD, Griffiths JD, Tripathy SJ, Valiante TA, Sibille E, Hay E. Reduced inhibition in depression impairs stimulus processing in human cortical microcircuits. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110232. [PMID: 35021088 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical processing depends on finely tuned excitatory and inhibitory connections in neuronal microcircuits. Reduced inhibition by somatostatin-expressing interneurons is a key component of altered inhibition associated with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (depression), which is implicated in cognitive deficits and rumination, but the link remains to be better established mechanistically in humans. Here we test the effect of reduced somatostatin interneuron-mediated inhibition on cortical processing in human neuronal microcircuits using a data-driven computational approach. We integrate human cellular, circuit, and gene expression data to generate detailed models of human cortical microcircuits in health and depression. We simulate microcircuit baseline and response activity and find a reduced signal-to-noise ratio and increased false/failed detection of stimuli due to a higher baseline activity in depression. We thus apply models of human cortical microcircuits to demonstrate mechanistically how reduced inhibition impairs cortical processing in depression, providing quantitative links between altered inhibition and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Kang Yao
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Alexandre Guet-McCreight
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R7, Canada
| | - Frank Mazza
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | | | - Thomas D Prevot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R7, Canada
| | - John D Griffiths
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R7, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Shreejoy J Tripathy
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Taufik A Valiante
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Max Planck-University of Toronto Center for Neural Science and Technology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R7, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Etay Hay
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
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16
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Development, Diversity, and Death of MGE-Derived Cortical Interneurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179297. [PMID: 34502208 PMCID: PMC8430628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, cortical interneurons (INs) are a highly diverse group of cells. A key neurophysiological question concerns how each class of INs contributes to cortical circuit function and whether specific roles can be attributed to a selective cell type. To address this question, researchers are integrating knowledge derived from transcriptomic, histological, electrophysiological, developmental, and functional experiments to extensively characterise the different classes of INs. Our hope is that such knowledge permits the selective targeting of cell types for therapeutic endeavours. This review will focus on two of the main types of INs, namely the parvalbumin (PV+) or somatostatin (SOM+)-containing cells, and summarise the research to date on these classes.
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17
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Bertero A, Garcia C, Apicella AJ. Corticofugal VIP Gabaergic Projection Neurons in the Mouse Auditory and Motor Cortex. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:714780. [PMID: 34366798 PMCID: PMC8343102 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.714780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomical and physiological studies have described the cortex as a six-layer structure that receives, elaborates, and sends out information exclusively as excitatory output to cortical and subcortical regions. This concept has increasingly been challenged by several anatomical and functional studies that showed that direct inhibitory cortical outputs are also a common feature of the sensory and motor cortices. Similar to their excitatory counterparts, subsets of Somatostatin- and Parvalbumin-expressing neurons have been shown to innervate distal targets like the sensory and motor striatum and the contralateral cortex. However, no evidence of long-range VIP-expressing neurons, the third major class of GABAergic cortical inhibitory neurons, has been shown in such cortical regions. Here, using anatomical anterograde and retrograde viral tracing, we tested the hypothesis that VIP-expressing neurons of the mouse auditory and motor cortices can also send long-range projections to cortical and subcortical areas. We were able to demonstrate, for the first time, that VIP-expressing neurons of the auditory cortex can reach not only the contralateral auditory cortex and the ipsilateral striatum and amygdala, as shown for Somatostatin- and Parvalbumin-expressing long-range neurons, but also the medial geniculate body and both superior and inferior colliculus. We also demonstrate that VIP-expressing neurons of the motor cortex send long-range GABAergic projections to the dorsal striatum and contralateral cortex. Because of its presence in two such disparate cortical areas, this would suggest that the long-range VIP projection is likely a general feature of the cortex’s network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bertero
- Department of Biology, Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Charles Garcia
- Department of Biology, Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alfonso Junior Apicella
- Department of Biology, Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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18
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Bertero A, Zurita H, Normandin M, Apicella AJ. Auditory Long-Range Parvalbumin Cortico-Striatal Neurons. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:45. [PMID: 32792912 PMCID: PMC7390902 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that cortico-striatal pathways link auditory signals to action-selection and reward-learning behavior through excitatory projections. Only recently it has been demonstrated that long-range GABAergic cortico-striatal somatostatin-expressing neurons in the auditory cortex project to the dorsal striatum, and functionally inhibit the main projecting neuronal population, the spiny projecting neuron. Here we tested the hypothesis that parvalbumin-expressing neurons of the auditory cortex can also send long-range projections to the auditory striatum. To address this fundamental question, we took advantage of viral and non-viral anatomical tracing approaches to identify cortico-striatal parvalbumin neurons (CS-Parv inhibitory projections → auditory striatum). Here, we describe their anatomical distribution in the auditory cortex and determine the anatomical and electrophysiological properties of layer 5 CS-Parv neurons. We also analyzed their characteristic voltage-dependent membrane potential gamma oscillation, showing that intrinsic membrane mechanisms generate them. The inherent membrane mechanisms can also trigger intermittent and irregular bursts (stuttering) of the action potential in response to steps of depolarizing current pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bertero
- Department of Biology, Neurosciences Institute, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Hector Zurita
- Department of Biology, Neurosciences Institute, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Marc Normandin
- Department of Biology, Neurosciences Institute, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alfonso Junior Apicella
- Department of Biology, Neurosciences Institute, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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19
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Chen X, Sun YC, Zhan H, Kebschull JM, Fischer S, Matho K, Huang ZJ, Gillis J, Zador AM. High-Throughput Mapping of Long-Range Neuronal Projection Using In Situ Sequencing. Cell 2019; 179:772-786.e19. [PMID: 31626774 PMCID: PMC7836778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding neural circuits requires deciphering interactions among myriad cell types defined by spatial organization, connectivity, gene expression, and other properties. Resolving these cell types requires both single-neuron resolution and high throughput, a challenging combination with conventional methods. Here, we introduce barcoded anatomy resolved by sequencing (BARseq), a multiplexed method based on RNA barcoding for mapping projections of thousands of spatially resolved neurons in a single brain and relating those projections to other properties such as gene or Cre expression. Mapping the projections to 11 areas of 3,579 neurons in mouse auditory cortex using BARseq confirmed the laminar organization of the three top classes (intratelencephalic [IT], pyramidal tract-like [PT-like], and corticothalamic [CT]) of projection neurons. In depth analysis uncovered a projection type restricted almost exclusively to transcriptionally defined subtypes of IT neurons. By bridging anatomical and transcriptomic approaches at cellular resolution with high throughput, BARseq can potentially uncover the organizing principles underlying the structure and formation of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Chen
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Sun
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Huiqing Zhan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Justus M Kebschull
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephan Fischer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Katherine Matho
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Z Josh Huang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Jesse Gillis
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Anthony M Zador
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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20
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A Non-Canonical Cortico-Amygdala Inhibitory Loop. J Neurosci 2019; 39:8424-8438. [PMID: 31511429 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1515-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Discriminating between auditory signals of different affective value is critical for the survival and success of social interaction of an individual. Anatomical, electrophysiological, imaging, and optogenetics approaches have established that the auditory cortex (AC) by providing auditory information to the lateral amygdala (LA) via long-range excitatory glutamatergic projections has an impact on sound-driven aversive/fear behavior. Here we test the hypothesis that the LA also receives GABAergic projections from the cortex. We addressed this fundamental question by taking advantage of optogenetics, anatomical, and electrophysiology approaches and directly examining the functional effects of cortical GABAergic inputs to LA neurons of the mouse (male/female) AC. We found that the cortex, via cortico-lateral-amygdala somatostatin neurons (CLA-SOM), has a direct inhibitory influence on the output of the LA principal neurons. Our results define a CLA long-range inhibitory circuit (CLA-SOM inhibitory projections → LA principal neurons) underlying the control of spike timing/generation in LA and LA-AC projecting neurons, and attributes a specific function to a genetically defined type of cortical long-range GABAergic neurons in CLA communication.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is very well established that cortical auditory inputs to the lateral amygdala are exclusively excitatory and that cortico-amygdala neuronal activity has been shown to be involved in sound-driven aversive/fear behavior. Here, for the first time, we show that the lateral amygdala receives long-range GABAergic projection from the auditory cortex and these form direct monosynaptic inhibitory connections onto lateral amygdala principal neurons. Our results define a cellular basis for direct inhibitory communication from auditory cortex to the lateral amygdala, suggesting that the timing and ratio of excitation and inhibition, two opposing forces in the mammalian cerebral cortex, can dynamically affect the output of the lateral amygdala, providing a general mechanism for fear/aversive behavior driven by auditory stimuli.
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21
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Williamson RS, Polley DB. Parallel pathways for sound processing and functional connectivity among layer 5 and 6 auditory corticofugal neurons. eLife 2019; 8:e42974. [PMID: 30735128 PMCID: PMC6384027 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical layers (L) 5 and 6 are populated by intermingled cell-types with distinct inputs and downstream targets. Here, we made optogenetically guided recordings from L5 corticofugal (CF) and L6 corticothalamic (CT) neurons in the auditory cortex of awake mice to discern differences in sensory processing and underlying patterns of functional connectivity. Whereas L5 CF neurons showed broad stimulus selectivity with sluggish response latencies and extended temporal non-linearities, L6 CTs exhibited sparse selectivity and rapid temporal processing. L5 CF spikes lagged behind neighboring units and imposed weak feedforward excitation within the local column. By contrast, L6 CT spikes drove robust and sustained activity, particularly in local fast-spiking interneurons. Our findings underscore a duality among sub-cortical projection neurons, where L5 CF units are canonical broadcast neurons that integrate sensory inputs for transmission to distributed downstream targets, while L6 CT neurons are positioned to regulate thalamocortical response gain and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross S Williamson
- Eaton-Peabody LaboratoriesMassachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryBostonUnited States
- Department of OtolaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Daniel B Polley
- Eaton-Peabody LaboratoriesMassachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryBostonUnited States
- Department of OtolaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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