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Nie FY, Jin RY, Wu SS, Yuan W, Wu YW, Xue SM, Yang XH, Qiao HF. AQP4 is upregulated in schizophrenia and Its inhibition attenuates MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 475:115220. [PMID: 39214422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia (SCZ) remain unclear, and the effective treatment resources are still limited. The goal of this study is to identify the expression of AQP4 in SCZ patients and explore whether AQP4 inhibition could ameliorate schizophrenia-like behaviors and its mechanisms. METHODS Microarray datasets of PFC compared with healthy control were searched in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed with the GEO2R online tool. The Venny online tool and metascape online software were used to identify common abnormally expressed genes and conduct cell type signature enrichment analysis. SCZ mouse models were induced with MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist (intraperitoneal injection, 0.1 mg/kg/day for 7 days), and C6 cell models were treated with 100 μM MK-801. RT-qPCR, Western Blotting, and immunofluorescence were employed to determine the expression of AQP4, proinflammatory cytokines, and GFAP. Open field tests and social interaction tests were performed to evaluate the schizophrenia-like behaviors. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis identified upregulation of AQP4 in the PFC of SCZ patients compared with healthy controls. Cell type signature enrichment analysis showed that all three DEGs lists were strongly enriched in the FAN EMBRYONIC CTX ASTROCYTE 2 category. Upregulation of AQP4 was also observed in MK-801-treated C6 cells and the PFC of MK-801-induced SCZ mouse model. Moreover, AQP4 inhibition with TGN-020 (an inhibitor of AQP4) improved anxiety-like behavior and social novelty preference defects in MK-801-treated mice. AQP4 inhibition also reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in MK-801-treated C6 cells and mouse model. CONCLUSIONS AQP4 is upregulated in the PFC of SCZ patients compared with healthy controls. AQP4 inhibition could alleviate the anxiety-like behavior and social novelty defects in MK-801-treated mice, this may be due to the role of AQP4 in the regulation of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Yi Nie
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of TCM Technologies and Devices, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Ru-Yi Jin
- Shaanxi Key Lab Basic & New Herbal Medicament Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yu-Wei Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Si-Meng Xue
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Xiao-Hang Yang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of TCM Technologies and Devices, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
| | - Hai-Fa Qiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
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Crown LM, Agyeman KA, Choi W, Zepeda N, Iseri E, Pahlavan P, Siegel SJ, Liu C, Christopoulos V, Lee DJ. Theta-frequency medial septal nucleus deep brain stimulation increases neurovascular activity in MK-801-treated mice. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1372315. [PMID: 38560047 PMCID: PMC10978728 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1372315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown remarkable success treating neurological and psychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. DBS is now being explored to improve cognitive and functional outcomes in other psychiatric conditions, such as those characterized by reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) function (i.e., schizophrenia). While DBS for movement disorders generally involves high-frequency (>100 Hz) stimulation, there is evidence that low-frequency stimulation may have beneficial and persisting effects when applied to cognitive brain networks. Methods In this study, we utilize a novel technology, functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI), to characterize the cerebrovascular impact of medial septal nucleus (MSN) DBS under conditions of NMDA antagonism (pharmacologically using Dizocilpine [MK-801]) in anesthetized male mice. Results Imaging from a sagittal plane across a variety of brain regions within and outside of the septohippocampal circuit, we find that MSN theta-frequency (7.7 Hz) DBS increases hippocampal cerebral blood volume (CBV) during and after stimulation. This effect was not present using standard high-frequency stimulation parameters [i.e., gamma (100 Hz)]. Discussion These results indicate the MSN DBS increases circuit-specific hippocampal neurovascular activity in a frequency-dependent manner and does so in a way that continues beyond the period of electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Crown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kofi A Agyeman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Wooseong Choi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Zepeda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ege Iseri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Pooyan Pahlavan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Charles Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, United States
| | - Vasileios Christopoulos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Darrin J Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, United States
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Feng Z, Hu Z, Li L, Yu M, Zhang Y, Jing P, Xu X, Wu J, Hu Y, Xu X. Assessing NH300094, a novel dopamine and serotonin receptor modulator with cognitive enhancement property for treating schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1298061. [PMID: 38327987 PMCID: PMC10848157 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1298061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder that significantly affects the quality of life of patients. The objective of this study is to discover a novel antipsychotic candidate with highly antagonistic activity against both serotonin and dopamine receptors, demonstrating robust efficacy in animal models of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Methods: In the present study, we examined the activity of antipsychotic drug (NH300094) on 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT7, H1, M1, Alpha1A, D2L, D2S, Alpha2A, D3 receptor functional assay in vitro. In addition, multiple animal models, including dizocilpine (MK-801) induced hyper-locomotion; APO induced climbing; Conditioned Avoidance Response (CAR); DOI-Induced Head Twitch; Forced swimming test; Scopolamine induced cognitive impairment model, were used to verify the antipsychotic activity of NH300094 in preclinical. Results: In vitro functional assays have indicated that NH300094 is a potent antagonist of 5-HT receptors and dopamine receptors, with higher relative antagonistic activity against 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2A IC50 = 0.47 nM) than dopamine receptors (D2L IC50 = 1.04 nM; D2S IC50 = 11.71 nM; D3 IC50 = 31.55 nM). Preclinical in vivo pharmacological study results showed that NH300094 was effective in multiple models, which is more extensive than the clinic drug Risperidone. Furthermore, the safety window for extrapyramidal side effects of NH300094 is significantly wider than that of Risperidone (For NH300094, mice catalepsy model ED50/ Mice MK-801 model ED50 = 104.6-fold; for Risperidone, mice catalepsy model ED50/ Mice MK-801 model ED50 = 12.9-fold), which suggests a potentially better clinical safety profile for NH300094. Conclusion: NH300094 is a novel potent serotonin and dopamine receptors modulator, which has good safety profile and therapeutic potential for the treatment of schizophrenia with cognition disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minquan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Salmani N, Darvishzadeh Mahani F, Parvan M, Nozari M. Effects of Nicotine Administration in an Enriched Environment on the Behavior of Male MK-801-Exposed Rats. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2023; 15:260-265. [PMID: 38322486 PMCID: PMC10843354 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Smoking is more common in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy populations. Some controversial hypotheses connect the disease with the high prevalence of smoking. Moreover, environmental factors affect the severity of the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The current study aimed to assess the effect of enriched environment (EE) and nicotine on the MK-801 animal model of schizophrenia. Methods Male Wistar rat pups randomly received saline or MK-801 (dose:1 mg/kg) for five days from the sixth postnatal day (P) until the tenth. The pups were placed in EE or standard cages (SCs) after weaning (P21). Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess spatial learning and memory. The rats received 0.6 mg/kg nicotine twice for three days at the end of the second month and were examined in an open-field box and three-chamber social interaction test. Findings MK-801 rats' behaviors were the same as those of the saline rats when they were exposed to nicotine. No positive effects of EE were observed when the animals were exposed to nicotine. Conclusion The results suggested that nicotine decreased schizophrenia-like symptoms and covered the positive effects of EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Salmani
- Department of Psychology, Zarand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Darvishzadeh Mahani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Parvan
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nozari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Huang C, Voglewede MM, Ozsen EN, Wang H, Zhang H. SHANK3 Mutations Associated with Autism and Schizophrenia Lead to Shared and Distinct Changes in Dendritic Spine Dynamics in the Developing Mouse Brain. Neuroscience 2023; 528:1-11. [PMID: 37532012 PMCID: PMC10528879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia are distinct neurodevelopmental disorders that share certain symptoms and genetic components. Both disorders show abnormalities in dendritic spines, which are the main sites of excitatory synaptic inputs. Recent studies have identified the synaptic scaffolding protein Shank3 as a leading candidate gene for both disorders. Mutations in the SHANK3 gene have been linked to both ASD and schizophrenia; however, how patient-derived mutations affect the structural plasticity of dendritic spines during brain development is unknown. Here we use live two photon in vivo imaging to examine dendritic spine structural plasticity in mice with SHANK3 mutations associated with ASD and schizophrenia. We identified shared and distinct phenotypes in dendritic spine morphogenesis and plasticity in the ASD-associated InsG3680 mutant mice and the schizophrenia-associated R1117X mutant mice. No significant changes in dendritic arborization were observed in either mutant, raising the possibility that synaptic dysregulation may be a key contributor to the behavioral defects previously reported in these mice. These findings shed light on how patient-linked mutations in SHANK3 affect dendritic spine dynamics in the developing brain, which provides insight into the synaptic basis for the distinct phenotypes observed in ASD and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mikayla M Voglewede
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Elif Naz Ozsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Huaye Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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Ferreira MD, Duarte J, Veiga F, Paiva-Santos AC, Pires PC. Nanosystems for Brain Targeting of Antipsychotic Drugs: An Update on the Most Promising Nanocarriers for Increased Bioavailability and Therapeutic Efficacy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020678. [PMID: 36840000 PMCID: PMC9959474 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Orally administered antipsychotic drugs are the first-line treatment for psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Nevertheless, adverse drug reactions jeopardize clinical outcomes, resulting in patient non-compliance. The design formulation strategies for enhancing brain drug delivery has been a major challenge, mainly due to the restrictive properties of the blood-brain barrier. However, recent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic in vivo assays confirmed the advantage of the intranasal route when compared to oral and intravenous administration, as it allows direct nose-to-brain drug transport via neuronal pathways, reducing systemic side effects and maximizing therapeutic outcomes. In addition, the incorporation of antipsychotic drugs into nanosystems such as polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric mixed micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, nanoemulgels, nanosuspensions, niosomes and spanlastics, has proven to be quite promising. The developed nanosystems, having a small and homogeneous particle size (ideal for nose-to-brain delivery), high encapsulation efficiency and good stability, resulted in improved brain bioavailability and therapeutic-like effects in animal models. Hence, although it is essential to continue research in this field, the intranasal delivery of nanosystems for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other related disorders has proven to be quite promising, opening a path for future therapies with higher efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daniela Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Duarte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.P.-S.); or (P.C.P.)
| | - Patrícia C. Pires
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.P.-S.); or (P.C.P.)
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