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Del Águila Á, Zhang R, Yu X, Dang L, Xu F, Zhang J, Jain V, Tian J, Zhong XP, Sheng H, Yang W. Microglial heterogeneity in the ischemic stroke mouse brain of both sexes. Genome Med 2024; 16:95. [PMID: 39095897 PMCID: PMC11295600 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke elicits a complex and sustained immune response in the brain. Immunomodulatory treatments have long held promise for improving stroke outcomes, yet none have succeeded in the clinical setting. This lack of success is largely due to our incomplete understanding of how immune cells respond to stroke. The objective of the current study was to dissect the effect of permanent stroke on microglia, the resident immune cells within the brain parenchyma. METHODS A permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model was used to induce ischemic stroke in young male and female mice. Microglia were sorted from fluorescence reporter mice after pMCAO or sham surgery and then subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Various methods, including flow cytometry, RNA in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, whole-brain imaging, and bone marrow transplantation, were also employed to dissect the microglial response to stroke. Stroke outcomes were evaluated by infarct size and behavioral tests. RESULTS First, we showed the morphologic and spatial changes in microglia after stroke. We then performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on microglia isolated from sham and stroke mice of both sexes. The data indicate no major sexual dimorphism in the microglial response to permanent stroke. Notably, we identified seven potential stroke-associated microglial clusters, including four major clusters characterized by a disease-associated microglia-like signature, a highly proliferative state, a macrophage-like profile, and an interferon (IFN) response signature, respectively. Importantly, we provided evidence that the macrophage-like cluster may represent the long-sought stroke-induced microglia subpopulation with increased CD45 expression. Lastly, given that the IFN-responsive subset constitutes the most prominent microglial population in the stroke brain, we used fludarabine to pharmacologically target STAT1 signaling and found that fludarabine treatment improved long-term stroke outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our findings shed new light on microglia heterogeneity in stroke pathology and underscore the potential of targeting specific microglial populations for effective stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Del Águila
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ran Zhang
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xinyuan Yu
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Lihong Dang
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Vaibhav Jain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jilin Tian
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhong
- Departments of Pediatrics and Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Huaxin Sheng
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, 303 Research Drive, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Prince N, Peralta Marzal LN, Markidi A, Ahmed S, Adolfs Y, Pasterkamp RJ, Kumar H, Roeselers G, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD, Perez-Pardo P. Prebiotic diet normalizes aberrant immune and behavioral phenotypes in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1591-1603. [PMID: 38589690 PMCID: PMC11272935 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a cluster of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in communication and behavior. Increasing evidence suggests that the microbiota-gut-brain axis and the likely related immune imbalance may play a role in the development of this disorder. Gastrointestinal deficits and gut microbiota dysfunction have been linked to the development or severity of autistic behavior. Therefore, treatments that focus on specific diets may improve gastrointestinal function and aberrant behavior in individuals with ASD. In this study, we investigated whether a diet containing specific prebiotic fibers, namely, 3% galacto-oligosaccharide/fructo-oligosaccharide (GOS/FOS; 9:1), can mitigate the adverse effects of in utero exposure to valproic acid (VPA) in mice. Pregnant BALB/cByJ dams were injected with VPA (600 mg/kg, sc.) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on gestational day 11 (G11). Male offspring were divided into four groups: (1) in utero PBS-exposed with a control diet, (2) in utero PBS-exposed with GOS/FOS diet, (3) in utero VPA-exposed with a control diet, and (4) in utero VPA-exposed with GOS/FOS diet. Dietary intervention started from birth and continued throughout the duration of the experiment. We showed that the prebiotic diet normalized VPA-induced alterations in male offspring, including restoration of key microbial taxa, intestinal permeability, peripheral immune homeostasis, reduction of neuroinflammation in the cerebellum, and impairments in social behavior and cognition in mice. Overall, our research provides valuable insights into the gut-brain axis involvement in ASD development. In addition, dietary interventions might correct the disbalance in gut microbiota and immune responses and, ultimately, might improve detrimental behavioral outcomes in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naika Prince
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia N Peralta Marzal
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Markidi
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabbir Ahmed
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Youri Adolfs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guus Roeselers
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, VU university, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Perez-Pardo
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Balan I, Grusca A, Chéry SL, Materia BR, O’Buckley TK, Morrow AL. Neurosteroid [3α,5α]-3-Hydroxy-pregnan-20-one Enhances the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Pathway in the Brain of Alcohol-Preferring Rats with Sex-Specificity. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:860. [PMID: 39063614 PMCID: PMC11277648 DOI: 10.3390/life14070860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of allopregnanolone ([3α,5α]3-hydroxypregnan-20-one or 3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone (3α,5α-THP); 10 mg/kg, IP) on fractalkine/CX3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) levels, associated signaling components, and markers for microglial and astrocytic cells in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of male and female alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Previous research suggested that 3α,5α-THP enhances anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) cytokine production in the brains of male P rats, with no similar effect observed in females. This study reveals that 3α,5α-THP elevates CX3CL1 levels by 16% in the NAc of female P rats, with no significant changes observed in males. The increase in CX3CL1 levels induced by 3α,5α-THP was observed in females across multiple brain regions, including the NAc, amygdala, hypothalamus, and midbrain, while no significant effect was noted in males. Additionally, female P rats treated with 3α,5α-THP exhibited notable increases in CX3CL1 receptor (CX3CR1; 48%) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1; 24%) levels, along with heightened activation (phosphorylation) of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1; 85%) in the NAc. Conversely, no similar alterations were observed in male P rats. Furthermore, 3α,5α-THP decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels by 19% in both female and male P rat NAc, without affecting microglial markers ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) and transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119). These findings indicate that 3α,5α-THP enhances the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 pathway in the female P rat brain but not in males, primarily influencing astrocyte reactivity, with no observed effect on microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balan
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Adelina Grusca
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
| | - Samantha Lucenell Chéry
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
- Neuroscience Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Baylee R. Materia
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
| | - Todd K. O’Buckley
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
| | - A. Leslie Morrow
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Zhu Y, Zhang Y, He S, Yi S, Feng H, Xia X, Fang X, Gong X, Zhao P. Integrating single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to elucidate a specialized subpopulation of astrocytes, microglia and vascular cells in brains of mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis-associated encephalopathy. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:169. [PMID: 38961424 PMCID: PMC11223438 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the mechanism behind sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains a formidable task. This study endeavors to shed light on the complex cellular and molecular alterations that occur in the brains of a mouse model with SAE, ultimately unraveling the underlying mechanisms of this condition. METHODS We established a murine model using intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in wild type and Anxa1-/- mice and collected brain tissues for analysis at 0-hour, 12-hour, 24-hour, and 72-hour post-injection. Utilizing advanced techniques such as single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and Stereo-seq, we conducted a comprehensive characterization of the cellular responses and molecular patterns within the brain. RESULTS Our study uncovered notable temporal differences in the response to LPS challenge between Anxa1-/- (annexin A1 knockout) and wild type mice, specifically at the 12-hour and 24-hour time points following injection. We observed a significant increase in the proportion of Astro-2 and Micro-2 cells in these mice. These cells exhibited a colocalization pattern with the vascular subtype Vas-1, forming a distinct region known as V1A2M2, where Astro-2 and Micro-2 cells surrounded Vas-1. Moreover, through further analysis, we discovered significant upregulation of ligands and receptors such as Timp1-Cd63, Timp1-Itgb1, Timp1-Lrp1, as well as Ccl2-Ackr1 and Cxcl2-Ackr1 within this region. In addition, we observed a notable increase in the expression of Cd14-Itgb1, Cd14-Tlr2, and Cd14-C3ar1 in regions enriched with Micro-2 cells. Additionally, Cxcl10-Sdc4 showed broad upregulation in brain regions containing both Micro-2 and Astro-2 cells. Notably, upon LPS challenge, there was an observed increase in Anxa1 expression in the mouse brain. Furthermore, our study revealed a noteworthy increase in mortality rates following Anxa1 knockdown. However, we did not observe substantial differences in the types, numbers, or distribution of other brain cells between Anxa1-/- and wildtype mice over time. Nevertheless, when comparing the 24-hour post LPS injection time point, we observed a significant decrease in the proportion and distribution of Micro-2 and Astro-2 cells in the vicinity of blood vessels in Anxa1-/- mice. Additionally, we noted reduced expression levels of several ligand-receptor pairs including Cd14-Tlr2, Cd14-C3ar1, Cd14-Itgb1, Cxcl10-Sdc4, Ccl2-Ackr1, and Cxcl2-Ackr1. CONCLUSIONS By combining snRNA-seq and Stereo-seq techniques, our study successfully identified a distinctive cellular colocalization, referred to as a special pathological niche, comprising Astro-2, Micro-2, and Vas-1 cells. Furthermore, we observed an upregulation of ligand-receptor pairs within this niche. These findings suggest a potential association between this cellular arrangement and the underlying mechanisms contributing to SAE or the increased mortality observed in Anxa1 knockdown mice.
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Grants
- 2021A1515012429 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China
- 211102114530659 Shaoguan Municipal Science and Technology Program, China
- 20221807 Shaoguan Engineering Research Center for Research and Development of Molecular and Cellular Technology in Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Cancer Program, China
- KEYANSHEN (2023) 01 Research Fund for Joint Laboratory for Digital and Precise Detection of Clinical Pathogens, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, China
- RS202001 Research Project for Outstanding Scholar of Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, China
- Research Fund for Joint Laboratory for Digital and Precise Detection of Clinical Pathogens, Yuebei People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, China
- Research Project for Outstanding Scholar of Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, No 133, Huimin Road South, Wujiang District, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Research Center for Interdisciplinary & High-quality Innovative Development in Laboratory Medicine, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Shaoguan Engineering Research Center for Research and Development of Molecular and Cellular Technology in Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Shaoguan, 512025, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Sheng He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, No 133, Huimin Road South, Wujiang District, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Research Center for Interdisciplinary & High-quality Innovative Development in Laboratory Medicine, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Shaoguan Engineering Research Center for Research and Development of Molecular and Cellular Technology in Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Shaoguan, 512025, China
| | - Sanjun Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, No 133, Huimin Road South, Wujiang District, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Research Center for Interdisciplinary & High-quality Innovative Development in Laboratory Medicine, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Shaoguan Engineering Research Center for Research and Development of Molecular and Cellular Technology in Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Shaoguan, 512025, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, No 133, Huimin Road South, Wujiang District, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, 512025, China
- Research Center for Interdisciplinary & High-quality Innovative Development in Laboratory Medicine, Shaoguan, 512025, China
| | | | - Xiaoqian Gong
- Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, 512025, China.
| | - Pingsen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, No 133, Huimin Road South, Wujiang District, Shaoguan, 512025, China.
- Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, 512025, China.
- Research Center for Interdisciplinary & High-quality Innovative Development in Laboratory Medicine, Shaoguan, 512025, China.
- Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, 512025, China.
- Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Shaoguan, 512025, China.
- Shaoguan Engineering Research Center for Research and Development of Molecular and Cellular Technology in Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Shaoguan, 512025, China.
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Hou X, Li Q. Medulla oblongata and NCCs are central defenders against Streptococcus agalactiae infection of the tilapia brain. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1442906. [PMID: 39011038 PMCID: PMC11246860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1442906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Various types of professional immune cells first emerge in fish and likely represent the primordial form and functions. Recent advancements revealed the direct connection between the central nervous system and the immune system in the mammalian brain. However, the specifics of brain-immune networks in the fish and the underlying mechanisms of teleost's brain against pathogen infection have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the distribution of markers representing cerebral cells associated with protection and professional lymphocytes in the seven major components of the Nile tilapia brain through RNA-Seq assay and observed the most dominant abundance in the medulla oblongata. The subsequent challenge test revealed the non-specific cytotoxic cells (NCCs) exhibited the strongest response against streptococcal infection of the brain. The presence of NCCs in the brain was then confirmed using immunofluorescence and the cytotoxic effects usually induced by NCCs under infection were determined as well. Collectively, these findings contribute significantly to comprehending the mechanism of fish neuroimmune interaction and enhancing our understanding of its evolutionary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitan Hou
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Fan Q, Kuang L, Wang B, Yin Y, Dong Z, Tian N, Wang J, Yin T, Wang Y. Multiple Synergistic Effects of the Microglia Membrane-Bionic Nanoplatform on Mediate Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling to Amplify Glioblastoma Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14469-14486. [PMID: 38770948 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor with high levels of malignancy. Most chemotherapy agents show serious systemic cytotoxicity and restricted delivery effectiveness due to the impediments of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Immunotherapy has developed great potential for aggressive tumor treatments. Disappointingly, its efficacy against GBM is hindered by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and BBB. Herein, a multiple synergistic immunotherapeutic strategy against GBM was developed based on the nanomaterial-biology interaction. We have demonstrated that this BM@MnP-BSA-aPD-1 can transverse the BBB and target the TME, resulting in amplified synergetic effects of metalloimmunotherapy and photothermal immunotherapy (PTT). The journey of this nanoformulation within the TME contributed to the activation of the stimulator of the interferon gene pathway, the initiation of the immunogenic cell death effect, and the inhibition of the programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) signaling axis. This nanomedicine revitalizes the immunosuppressive TME and evokes the cascade effect of antitumor immunity. Therefore, the combination of BM@MnP-BSA-aPD-1 and PTT without chemotherapeutics presents favorable benefits in anti-GBM immunotherapy and exhibits immense potential for clinical translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fan
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lei Kuang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bingyi Wang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhufeng Dong
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Nixin Tian
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tieying Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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7
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Kim W, Kim M, Kim B. Unraveling the enigma: housekeeping gene Ugt1a7c as a universal biomarker for microglia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1364201. [PMID: 38666091 PMCID: PMC11043603 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1364201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia, brain resident macrophages, play multiple roles in maintaining homeostasis, including immunity, surveillance, and protecting the central nervous system through their distinct activation processes. Identifying all types of microglia-driven populations is crucial due to the presence of various phenotypes that differ based on developmental stages or activation states. During embryonic development, the E8.5 yolk sac contains erythromyeloid progenitors that go through different growth phases, eventually resulting in the formation of microglia. In addition, microglia are present in neurological diseases as a diverse population. So far, no individual biomarker for microglia has been discovered that can accurately identify and monitor their development and attributes. Summary Here, we highlight the newly defined biomarker of mouse microglia, UGT1A7C, which exhibits superior stability in expression during microglia development and activation compared to other known microglia biomarkers. The UGT1A7C sensing chemical probe labels all microglia in the 3xTG AD mouse model. The expression of Ugt1a7c is stable during development, with only a 4-fold variation, while other microglia biomarkers, such as Csf1r and Cx3cr1, exhibit at least a 10-fold difference. The UGT1A7C expression remains constant throughout its lifespan. In addition, the expression and activity of UGT1A7C are the same in response to different types of inflammatory activators' treatment in vitro. Conclusion We propose employing UGT1A7C as the representative biomarker for microglia, irrespective of their developmental state, age, or activation status. Using UGT1A7C can reduce the requirement for using multiple biomarkers, enhance the precision of microglia analysis, and even be utilized as a standard for gene/protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beomsue Kim
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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8
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Kuhn MK, Kang RY, Kim C, Tagay Y, Morris N, Tabdanov ED, Elcheva IA, Proctor EA. Dynamic neuroinflammatory profiles predict Alzheimer's disease pathology in microglia-containing cerebral organoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.16.567220. [PMID: 38014053 PMCID: PMC10680718 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.16.567220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and the underlying dysregulated immune responses of microglia actively contribute to the progression and, likely, the initiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fine-tuned therapeutic modulation of immune dysfunction to ameliorate disease cannot be achieved without the characterization of diverse microglial states that initiate unique, and sometimes contradictory, immune responses that evolve over time in chronic inflammatory environments. Because of the functional differences between human and murine microglia, untangling distinct, disease-relevant reactive states and their corresponding effects on pathology or neuronal health may not be possible without the use of human cells. In order to profile shifting microglial states in early AD and identify microglia-specific drivers of disease, we differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying a familial AD PSEN2 mutation or its isogenic control into cerebral organoids and quantified the changes in cytokine concentrations over time with Luminex XMAP technology. We used partial least squares (PLS) modeling to build cytokine signatures predictive of disease and age to identify key differential patterns of cytokine expression that inform the overall organoid immune milieu and quantified the corresponding changes in protein pathology. AD organoids exhibited an overall reduction in cytokine secretion after an initial amplified immune response. We demonstrate that reduced synapse density observed in the AD organoids is prevented with microglial depletion. Crucially, these differential effects of dysregulated immune signaling occurred without the accumulation of pathological proteins. In this study, we used microglia-containing AD organoids to quantitatively characterize an evolving immune milieu, made up of a diverse of collection of activation patterns and immune responses, to identify how a dynamic, overall neuroinflammatory state negatively impacts neuronal health and the cell-specific contribution of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison K Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Y Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - ChaeMin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yerbol Tagay
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Morris
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Erdem D Tabdanov
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Irina A Elcheva
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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9
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Zeng Y, Luo M, Shangguan N, Shi P, Feng J, Xu J, Chen K, Lu Y, Yu W, Yang Y. Deciphering cell types by integrating scATAC-seq data with genome sequences. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 4:285-298. [PMID: 38600256 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-024-00622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (scATAC-seq) technology provides insight into gene regulation and epigenetic heterogeneity at single-cell resolution, but cell annotation from scATAC-seq remains challenging due to high dimensionality and extreme sparsity within the data. Existing cell annotation methods mostly focus on the cell peak matrix without fully utilizing the underlying genomic sequence. Here we propose a method, SANGO, for accurate single-cell annotation by integrating genome sequences around the accessibility peaks within scATAC data. The genome sequences of peaks are encoded into low-dimensional embeddings, and then iteratively used to reconstruct the peak statistics of cells through a fully connected network. The learned weights are considered as regulatory modes to represent cells, and utilized to align the query cells and the annotated cells in the reference data through a graph transformer network for cell annotations. SANGO was demonstrated to consistently outperform competing methods on 55 paired scATAC-seq datasets across samples, platforms and tissues. SANGO was also shown to be able to detect unknown tumor cells through attention edge weights learned by the graph transformer. Moreover, from the annotated cells, we found cell-type-specific peaks that provide functional insights/biological signals through expression enrichment analysis, cis-regulatory chromatin interaction analysis and motif enrichment analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansong Zeng
- School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mai Luo
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningyuan Shangguan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxi Feng
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ken Chen
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutong Lu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijiang Yu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuedong Yang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing (MOE), Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Carroll KR, Mizrachi M, Simmons S, Toz B, Kowal C, Wingard J, Tehrani N, Zarfeshani A, Kello N, El Khoury L, Weissman-Tsukamoto R, Levin JZ, Volpe BT, Diamond B. Lupus autoantibodies initiate neuroinflammation sustained by continuous HMGB1:RAGE signaling and reversed by increased LAIR-1 expression. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:671-681. [PMID: 38448779 PMCID: PMC11141703 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a frequent manifestation of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus, present in up to 80% of patients and leading to a diminished quality of life. In the present study, we used a model of lupus-like cognitive impairment that is initiated when antibodies that crossreact with excitatory neuronal receptors penetrate the hippocampus, causing immediate, self-limited, excitotoxic death of hippocampal neurons, which is then followed by a significant loss of dendritic complexity in surviving neurons. This injury creates a maladaptive equilibrium that is sustained in mice for at least 1 year. We identified a feedforward loop of microglial activation and microglia-dependent synapse elimination dependent on neuronal secretion of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) which binds the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and leads to microglial secretion of C1q, upregulation of interleukin-10 with consequent downregulation of leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR-1), an inhibitory receptor for C1q. Treatment with a centrally acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or with an angiotensin-receptor blocker restored a healthy equilibrium, microglial quiescence and intact spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin R Carroll
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Mark Mizrachi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Sean Simmons
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bahtiyar Toz
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Czeslawa Kowal
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wingard
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Nazila Tehrani
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Aida Zarfeshani
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joshua Z Levin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruce T Volpe
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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11
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Zhang G, Li L, Kong Y, Xu D, Bao Y, Zhang Z, Liao Z, Jiao J, Fan D, Long X, Dai J, Xie C, Meng Z, Zhang Z. Vitamin D-binding protein in plasma microglia-derived extracellular vesicles as a potential biomarker for major depressive disorder. Genes Dis 2024; 11:1009-1021. [PMID: 37692510 PMCID: PMC10491883 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
No well-established biomarkers are available for the clinical diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) is altered in plasma and postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) tissues of MDD patients. Thereby, the role of VDBP as a potential biomarker of MDD diagnosis was further assessed. Total extracellular vesicles (EVs) and brain cell-derived EVs (BCDEVs) were isolated from the plasma of first-episode drug-naïve or drug-free MDD patients and well-matched healthy controls (HCs) in discovery (20 MDD patients and 20 HCs) and validation cohorts (88 MDD patients and 38 HCs). VDBP level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from chronic glucocorticoid-induced depressed rhesus macaques or prelimbic cortex from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressed mice and wild control groups was measured to evaluate its relationship with VDBP in plasma microglia-derived extracellular vesicles (MDEVs). VDBP was significantly decreased in MDD plasma MDEVs compared to HCs, and negatively correlated with HAMD-24 score with the highest diagnostic accuracy among BCDEVs. VDBP in plasma MDEVs was decreased both in depressed rhesus macaques and mice. A positive correlation of VDBP in MDEVs with that in CSF was detected in depressed rhesus macaques. VDBP levels in prelimbic cortex microglia were negatively correlated with those in plasma MDEVs in depressed mice. The main results suggested that VDBP in plasma MDEVs might serve as a prospective candidate biomarker for MDD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yu Bao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Zhiting Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhixiang Liao
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Dandan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ji Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Sciences-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Chunming Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Sciences-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Department of Mental Health and Public Health, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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12
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Booms A, Pierce SE, van der Schans EJ, Coetzee GA. Parkinson's disease risk enhancers in microglia. iScience 2024; 27:108921. [PMID: 38323005 PMCID: PMC10845915 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms that associate with increased risk for Parkinson's disease (PD), but the functions of most of them are unknown. Using assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC) and H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing data, we identified 73 regulatory elements in microglia that overlap PD risk SNPs. To determine the target genes of a "risk enhancer" within intron two of SNCA, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to delete the open chromatin region where two PD risk SNPs reside. The loss of the enhancer led to reduced expression of multiple genes including SNCA and the adjacent gene MMRN1. It also led to expression changes of genes involved in glucose metabolism, a process that is known to be altered in PD patients. Our work expands the role of SNCA in PD and provides a connection between PD-associated genetic variants and underlying biology that points to a risk mechanism in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Booms
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Van Andel Institute graduate student, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Steven E. Pierce
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | - Gerhard A. Coetzee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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13
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Ma W, Oswald J, Rios Angulo A, Chen Q. Tmem119 expression is downregulated in a subset of brain metastasis-associated microglia. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:6. [PMID: 38308250 PMCID: PMC10837931 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-024-00846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Under pathological conditions, the immune-specialized brain microenvironment contains both resident microglia and bone marrow-derived myeloid cells recruited from peripheral circulation. Due to largely overlapping phenotypic similarities between these ontogenically distinct myeloid populations, studying their individual functions in central nervous system diseases has been challenging. Recently, transmembrane protein 119 (Tmem119) has been reported as a marker for resident microglia which is not expressed by bone marrow-derived myeloid cells. However, several studies have reported the loss or reduction of Tmem119 expression in pathologically activated microglia. Here, we examined whether Tmem119 could be used as a robust marker to identify brain metastasis-associated microglia. In addition, we also compared Tmem119 expression of primary microglia to the immortalized microglia-like BV2 cell line and characterized expression changes after LPS treatment. Lastly, we used a commercially available transgenic mouse line (Tmem119-eGFP) to compare Tmem119 expression patterns to the traditional antibody-based detection methods. Our results indicate that brain metastasis-associated microglia have reduced Tmem119 gene and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Ma
- Immunology, Metastasis and Microenvironment Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jack Oswald
- Immunology, Metastasis and Microenvironment Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angela Rios Angulo
- Immunology, Metastasis and Microenvironment Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Immunology, Metastasis and Microenvironment Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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14
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Galvis-Montes DS, van Loo KMJ, van Waardenberg AJ, Surges R, Schoch S, Becker AJ, Pitsch J. Highly dynamic inflammatory and excitability transcriptional profiles in hippocampal CA1 following status epilepticus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22187. [PMID: 38092829 PMCID: PMC10719343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient brain insults including status epilepticus (SE) can initiate a process termed 'epileptogenesis' that results in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. As a consequence, the entire tri-synaptic circuit of the hippocampus is fundamentally impaired. A key role in epileptogenesis has been attributed to the CA1 region as the last relay station in the hippocampal circuit and as site of aberrant plasticity, e.g. mediated by acquired channelopathies. The transcriptional profiles of the distinct hippocampal neurons are highly dynamic during epileptogenesis. Here, we aimed to elucidate the early SE-elicited mRNA signature changes and the respective upstream regulatory cascades in CA1. RNA sequencing of CA1 was performed in the mouse pilocarpine-induced SE model at multiple time points ranging from 6 to 72 h after the initial insult. Bioinformatics was used to decipher altered gene expression, signalling cascades and their corresponding cell type profiles. Robust transcriptomic changes were detected at 6 h after SE and at subsequent time points during early epileptogenesis. Major differentially expressed mRNAs encoded primarily immediate early and excitability-related gene products, as well as genes encoding immune signalling factors. Binding sites for the transcription factors Nfkb1, Spi1, Irf8, and two Runx family members, were enriched within promoters of differentially expressed genes related to major inflammatory processes, whereas the transcriptional repressors Suz12, Nfe2l2 and Rest were associated with hyperexcitability and GABA / glutamate receptor activity. CA1 quickly responds to SE by inducing transcription of genes linked to inflammation and excitation stress. Transcription factors mediating this transcriptomic switch represent targets for new highly selected, cell type and time window-specific anti-epileptogenic strategies.
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Grants
- SCHO 820/4-1, SCHO 820/6-1, SCHO 820/7-1, SCHO 820/5-2, SPP1757, SFB1089, FOR 2715 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- SCHO 820/4-1, SCHO 820/6-1, SCHO 820/7-1, SCHO 820/5-2, SPP1757, SFB1089, FOR 2715 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Promotionskolleg 'NeuroImmunology' Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung
- Promotionskolleg 'NeuroImmunology' Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung
- BONFOR program of the Medical Faculty, University of Bonn
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn (1040)
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Galvis-Montes
- Department of Epileptology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karen M J van Loo
- Department of Epileptology, Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Surges
- Department of Epileptology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Department of Epileptology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Albert J Becker
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julika Pitsch
- Department of Epileptology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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15
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Morrison V, Houpert M, Trapani J, Brockman A, Kingsley P, Katdare K, Layden H, Nguena-Jones G, Trevisan A, Maguire-Zeiss K, Marnett L, Bix G, Ihrie R, Carter B. Jedi-1/MEGF12-mediated phagocytosis controls the pro-neurogenic properties of microglia in the ventricular-subventricular zone. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113423. [PMID: 37952151 PMCID: PMC10842823 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary phagocytes in the central nervous system and clear dead cells generated during development or disease. The phagocytic process shapes the microglia phenotype, which affects the local environment. A unique population of microglia resides in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of neonatal mice, but how they influence the neurogenic niche is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that phagocytosis contributes to a pro-neurogenic microglial phenotype in the V-SVZ and that these microglia phagocytose apoptotic cells via the engulfment receptor Jedi-1. Deletion of Jedi-1 decreases apoptotic cell clearance, triggering a neuroinflammatory microglia phenotype that resembles dysfunctional microglia in neurodegeneration and aging and that reduces neural precursor proliferation via elevated interleukin-1β signaling; interleukin-1 receptor inhibition rescues precursor proliferation in vivo. Together, these results reveal a critical role for Jedi-1 in connecting microglial phagocytic activity to the maintenance of a pro-neurogenic phenotype in the developing V-SVZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivianne Morrison
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Matthew Houpert
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jonathan Trapani
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Asa Brockman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Philip Kingsley
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ketaki Katdare
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Hillary Layden
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gabriela Nguena-Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Alexandra Trevisan
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Marnett
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gregory Bix
- Center for Clinical Neuroscience Research, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Rebecca Ihrie
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Bruce Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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16
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du Chatinier A, Velilla IQ, Meel MH, Hoving EW, Hulleman E, Metselaar DS. Microglia in pediatric brain tumors: The missing link to successful immunotherapy. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101246. [PMID: 37924816 PMCID: PMC10694606 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children. Despite the development of immunotherapeutic strategies for adult brain tumors, progress in pediatric neuro-oncology has been hindered by the complex and poorly understood nature of the brain's immune system during early development, a phase that is critical for the onset of many pediatric brain tumors. A defining characteristic of these tumors is the abundance of microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system. In this review, we explore the concept of microglial diversity across brain regions and throughout development and discuss how their maturation stage may contribute to tumor growth in children. We also summarize the current knowledge on the roles of microglia in common pediatric brain tumor entities and provide examples of myeloid-based immunotherapeutic strategies. Our review underscores the importance of microglial plasticity in pediatric brain tumors and its significance for developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée du Chatinier
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Querol Velilla
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michaël Hananja Meel
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco Wieger Hoving
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Serge Metselaar
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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17
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Lao Y, Li Z, Bai Y, Li W, Wang J, Wang Y, Li Q, Dong Z. Glial Cells of the Central Nervous System: A Potential Target in Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome. Pain Res Manag 2023; 2023:2061632. [PMID: 38023826 PMCID: PMC10661872 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2061632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is one of the most common diseases of the male urological system while the etiology and treatment of CP/CPPS remain a thorny issue. Cumulative research suggested a potentially important role of glial cells in CP/CPPS. This narrative review retrospected literature and grasped the research process about glial cells and CP/CPPS. Three types of glial cells showed a crucial connection with general pain and psychosocial symptoms. Microglia might also be involved in lower urinary tract symptoms. Only microglia and astrocytes have been studied in the animal model of CP/CPPS. Activated microglia and reactive astrocytes were found to be involved in both pain and psychosocial symptoms of CP/CPPS. The possible mechanism might be to mediate the production of some inflammatory mediators and their interaction with neurons. Glial cells provide a new insight to understand the cause of complex symptoms of CP/CPPS and might become a novel target to develop new treatment options. However, the activation and action mechanism of glial cells in CP/CPPS needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Lao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zewen Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Bai
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijia Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qingchao Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhilong Dong
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Jauregui C, Blanco-Luquin I, Macías M, Roldan M, Caballero C, Pagola I, Mendioroz M, Jericó I. Exploring the Disease-Associated Microglia State in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2994. [PMID: 38001994 PMCID: PMC10669775 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation, and specifically microglia, plays an important but not-yet well-understood role in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), constituting a potential therapeutic target for the disease. Recent studies have described the involvement of different microglial transcriptional patterns throughout neurodegenerative processes, identifying a new state of microglia: disease-associated microglia (DAM). The aim of this study is to investigate expression patterns of microglial-related genes in ALS spinal cord. METHODS We analyzed mRNA expression levels via RT-qPCR of several microglia-related genes in their homeostatic and DAM state in postmortem tissue (anterior horn of the spinal cord) from 20 subjects with ALS-TDP43 and 19 controls donors from the Navarrabiomed Biobank. RESULTS The expression levels of TREM2, MS4A, CD33, APOE and TYROBP were found to be elevated in the spinal cord from ALS subjects versus controls (p-value < 0.05). However, no statistically significant gene expression differences were observed for TMEM119, SPP1 and LPL. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that a DAM-mediated inflammatory response is present in ALS, and TREM2 plays a significant role in immune function of microglia. It also supports the role of C33 and MS4A in the physiopathology of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Jauregui
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute of Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Idoia Blanco-Luquin
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Navarrabiomed, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute of Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mónica Macías
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Navarrabiomed, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute of Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miren Roldan
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Navarrabiomed, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute of Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Caballero
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute of Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inma Pagola
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute of Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Neuromuscular and Neuron Motor Diseases Research Group, Navarrabiomed, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute of Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Mendioroz
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute of Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Navarrabiomed, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute of Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ivonne Jericó
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute of Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Neuromuscular and Neuron Motor Diseases Research Group, Navarrabiomed, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute of Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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19
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Sharp RC, Guenther DT, Farrer MJ. Experimental procedures for flow cytometry of wild-type mouse brain: a systematic review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281705. [PMID: 38022545 PMCID: PMC10646240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review the neuroimmunology literature to determine the average immune cell counts reported by flow cytometry in wild-type (WT) homogenized mouse brains. Background Mouse models of gene dysfunction are widely used to study age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The importance of the neuroimmune system in these multifactorial disorders has become increasingly evident, and methods to quantify resident and infiltrating immune cells in the brain, including flow cytometry, are necessary. However, there appears to be no consensus on the best approach to perform flow cytometry or quantify/report immune cell counts. The development of more standardized methods would accelerate neuroimmune discovery and validation by meta-analysis. Methods There has not yet been a systematic review of 'neuroimmunology' by 'flow cytometry' via examination of the PROSPERO registry. A protocol for a systematic review was subsequently based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) using the Studies, Data, Methods, and Outcomes (SDMO) criteria. Literature searches were conducted in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. From that search, 900 candidate studies were identified, and 437 studies were assessed for eligibility based on formal exclusion criteria. Results Out of the 437 studies reviewed, 58 were eligible for inclusion and comparative analysis. Each study assessed immune cell subsets within homogenized mouse brains and used flow cytometry. Nonetheless, there was considerable variability in the methods, data analysis, reporting, and results. Descriptive statistics have been presented on the study designs and results, including medians with interquartile ranges (IQRs) and overall means with standard deviations (SD) for specific immune cell counts and their relative proportions, within and between studies. A total of 58 studies reported the most abundant immune cells within the brains were TMEM119+ microglia, bulk CD4+ T cells, and bulk CD8+ T cells. Conclusion Experiments to conduct and report flow cytometry data, derived from WT homogenized mouse brains, would benefit from a more standardized approach. While within-study comparisons are valid, the variability in methods of counting of immune cell populations is too broad for meta-analysis. The inclusion of a minimal protocol with more detailed methods, controls, and standards could enable this nascent field to compare results across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew J. Farrer
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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20
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Lanooij SD, Drinkenburg WHIM, Eisel ULM, van der Zee EA, Kas MJH. The effects of social environment on AD-related pathology in hAPP-J20 mice and tau-P301L mice. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106309. [PMID: 37748620 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, social factors (e.g., loneliness) have been linked to the risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD). To date, AD pathology is primarily characterized by amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles. We aimed to assess the effect of single- and group-housing on AD-related pathology in a mouse model for amyloid pathology (J20, and WT controls) and a mouse model for tau pathology (P301L) with and without seeding of synthetic human tau fragments (K18). Female mice were either single housed (SH) or group housed (GH) from the age of 6-7 weeks onwards. In 12-week-old P301L mice, tau pathology was induced through seeding by injecting K18 into the dorsal hippocampus (P301LK18), while control mice received a PBS injection (P301LPBS). P301L mice were sacrificed at 4 months of age and J20 mice at 10 months of age. In all mice brain pathology was histologically assessed by examining microglia, the CA1 pyramidal cell layer and specific AD pathology: analysis of plaques in J20 mice and tau hyperphosphorylation in P301L mice. Contrary to our expectation, SH-J20 mice interestingly displayed fewer plaques in the hippocampus compared to GH-J20 mice. However, housing did not affect tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser202/Thr205 of P301L mice, nor neuronal cell death in the CA1 region in any of the mice. The number of microglia was increased by the J20 genotype, and their activation (based on cell body to cell size ratio) in the CA1 was affected by genotype and housing condition (interaction effect). Single housing of P301L mice was linked to the development of stereotypic behavior (i.e. somersaulting and circling behavior). In P301LK18 mice, an increased number of microglia were observed, among which were rod microglia. Taken together, our findings point to a significant effect of social housing conditions on amyloid plaques and microglia in J20 mice and on the development of stereotypic behavior in P301L mice, indicating that the social environment can modulate AD-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne D Lanooij
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - W H I M Drinkenburg
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, a Division on Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - U L M Eisel
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - E A van der Zee
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Martien J H Kas
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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21
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Ye F, Yang J, Holste KG, Koduri S, Hua Y, Keep RF, Garton HJL, Xi G. Characteristics of activation of monocyte-derived macrophages versus microglia after mouse experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1475-1489. [PMID: 37113078 PMCID: PMC10414013 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231173187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Both monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and brain resident microglia participate in hematoma resolution after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Here, we utilized a transgenic mouse line with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) labeled microglia (Tmem119-EGFP mice) combined with a F4/80 immunohistochemistry (a pan-macrophage marker) to visualize changes in MDMs and microglia after ICH. A murine model of ICH was used in which autologous blood was stereotactically injected into the right basal ganglia. The autologous blood was co-injected with CD47 blocking antibodies to enhance phagocytosis or clodronate liposomes for phagocyte depletion. In addition, Tmem119-EGFP mice were injected with the blood components peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) or thrombin. MDMs entered the brain and formed a peri-hematoma cell layer by day 3 after ICH and giant phagocytes engulfed red blood cells were found. CD47 blocking antibody increased the number of MDMs around and inside the hematoma and extended MDM phagocytic activity to day 7. Both MDMs and microglia could be diminished by clodronate liposomes. Intracerebral injection of Prx2 but not thrombin attracted MDMs into brain parenchyma. In conclusion, MDMs play an important role in phagocytosis after ICH which can be enhanced by CD47 blocking antibody, suggesting the modulation of MDMs after ICH could be a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jinting Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sravanthi Koduri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hugh JL Garton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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22
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Yang X, Liu Y, Zhong W, Li Y, Zhang W. Netrin-1 controls inflammation in response to ischemic stroke through altering microglia phenotype. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178638. [PMID: 37388740 PMCID: PMC10304015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The current approaches that are used to treat ischemic stroke suffer from poor targeting, lack of effectiveness, and potential off-target effects, necessitating the development of new therapeutic strategies to enhance neuronal cell survival and regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the role of microglial Netrin-1 in ischemic stroke, a topic that has not been fully understood. Methods Netrin-1 levels and its primary receptor expressions were investigated in cerebral microglia from acute ischemic stroke patients and age-matched control subjects. A public database (GEO148350), which supplied RNAseq results for rat cerebral microglia in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, was analyzed to assess the expression of Netrin-1, its major receptors, and genes related to macrophage function. A microglia-specific gene targeting approach and a delivery system allowing for crossing the blood-brain barrier were applied in a mouse model for ischemic stroke to investigate the role of microglial Netrin-1. Netrin-1 receptor signaling in microglia was observed and the effects on microglial phenotype, apoptosis, and migration were analyzed. Results Across human patients, rat and mouse models, activation of Netrin-1 receptor signaling was mainly conducted via its receptor UNC5a in microglia, which resulted in a shift in microglial phenotype towards an anti-inflammatory or M2-like state, leading to a reduction in apoptosis and migration of microglia. Netrin-1-induced phenotypic change in microglia exerted protective effects on neuronal cells in vivo during ischemic stroke. Conclusion Our study highlights the potential of targeting Netrin-1 and its receptors as a promising therapeutic strategy for promoting post-ischemic survival and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Shafqat A, Albalkhi I, Magableh HM, Saleh T, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Tackling the glial scar in spinal cord regeneration: new discoveries and future directions. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1180825. [PMID: 37293626 PMCID: PMC10244598 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1180825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal regeneration and functional recovery are poor after spinal cord injury (SCI), typified by the formation of an injury scar. While this scar was traditionally believed to be primarily responsible for axonal regeneration failure, current knowledge takes a more holistic approach that considers the intrinsic growth capacity of axons. Targeting the SCI scar has also not reproducibly yielded nearly the same efficacy in animal models compared to these neuron-directed approaches. These results suggest that the major reason behind central nervous system (CNS) regeneration failure is not the injury scar but a failure to stimulate axon growth adequately. These findings raise questions about whether targeting neuroinflammation and glial scarring still constitute viable translational avenues. We provide a comprehensive review of the dual role of neuroinflammation and scarring after SCI and how future research can produce therapeutic strategies targeting the hurdles to axonal regeneration posed by these processes without compromising neuroprotection.
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24
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Tripson M, Litwa K, Soderstrom K. Cannabidiol inhibits neuroinflammatory responses and circuit-associated synaptic loss following damage to a songbird vocal pre-motor cortical-like region. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7907. [PMID: 37193782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-euphorigenic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) has been used successfully to treat childhood-onset epilepsies. These conditions are associated with developmental delays that often include vocal learning. Zebra finch song, like language, is a complex behavior learned during a sensitive period of development. Song quality is maintained through continuous sensorimotor refinement involving circuits that control learning and production. Within the vocal motor circuit, HVC is a cortical-like region that when partially lesioned temporarily disrupts song structure. We previously found CBD (10 mg/kg/day) improves post-lesion vocal recovery. The present studies were done to begin to understand mechanisms possibly responsible for CBD vocal protection. We found CBD markedly reduced expression of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers. These effects were associated with regionally-reduced expression of the microglial marker TMEM119. As microglia are key regulators of synaptic reorganization, we measured synapse densities, finding significant lesion-induced circuit-wide decreases that were largely reversed by CBD. Synaptic protection was accompanied by NRF2 activation and BDNF/ARC/ARG3.1/MSK1 expression implicating mechanisms important to song circuit node mitigation of oxidative stress and promotion of synaptic homeostasis. Our findings demonstrate that CBD promotes an array of neuroprotective processes consistent with modulation of multiple cell signaling systems, and suggest these mechanisms are important to post-lesion recovery of a complex learned behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tripson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Karen Litwa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Ken Soderstrom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
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25
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Weber RZ, Mulders G, Perron P, Tackenberg C, Rust R. Molecular and anatomical roadmap of stroke pathology in immunodeficient mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1080482. [PMID: 36569903 PMCID: PMC9785704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1080482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke remains a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. It has become apparent that inflammation and immune mediators have a pre-dominant role in initial tissue damage and long-term recovery. Still, different immunosuppressed mouse models are necessary in stroke research e.g., to evaluate therapies using human cell grafts. Despite mounting evidence delineating the importance of inflammation in the stroke pathology, it is poorly described to what extent immune deficiency influences overall stroke outcome. Methods Here, we assessed the stroke pathology of popular genetic immunodeficient mouse models, i.e., NOD scid gamma (NSG) and recombination activating gene 2 (Rag2-/-) mice as well as pharmacologically immunosuppressed mice and compared them to immune competent, wildtype (WT) C57BL/6J mice three weeks after injury. We performed histology, gene expression, blood serum and behavioural analysis to identify the impact of immunosuppression on stroke progression. Results We detected changes in microglia activation/macrophage infiltration, scar-forming and vascular repair in immune-suppressed mice three weeks after injury. Transcriptomic analysis of stroked tissue revealed the strongest deviation from WT was observed in NSG mice affecting immunological and angiogenic pathways. Pharmacological immunosuppression resulted in the least variation in gene expression compared with the WT. These anatomical and genetic changes did not affect functional recovery in a time course of three weeks. To determine whether timing of immunosuppression is critical, we compared mice with acute and delayed pharmacological immunosuppression after stroke. Mice with delayed immunosuppression (7d) showed increased inflammatory and scarring responses compared to animals acutely treated with tacrolimus, thus more closely resembling WT pathology. Transplantation of human cells in the brains of immunosuppressed mice led to prolonged cell survival in all immunosuppressed mouse models, which was most consistent in NSG and Rag2-/- mice. Conclusions We detected distinct anatomical and molecular changes in the stroke pathology between individual immunosuppressed mouse models that should be considered when selecting an appropriate mouse model for stroke research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Z. Weber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Geertje Mulders
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Perron
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Tackenberg
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Ruslan Rust,
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26
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De Chirico F, Poeta E, Babini G, Piccolino I, Monti B, Massenzio F. New models of Parkinson's like neuroinflammation in human microglia clone 3: Activation profiles induced by INF-γ plus high glucose and mitochondrial inhibitors. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1038721. [PMID: 36523814 PMCID: PMC9744797 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1038721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation and neuroinflammation have been extensively studied in murine models of neurodegenerative diseases; however, to overcome the genetic differences between species, a human cell model of microglia able to recapitulate the activation profiles described in patients is needed. Here we developed human models of Parkinson's like neuroinflammation by using the human microglia clone 3 (HMC3) cells, whose activation profile in response to classic inflammatory stimuli has been controversial and reported only at mRNA levels so far. In fact, we showed the increased expression of the pro-inflammatory markers iNOS, Caspase 1, IL-1β, in response to IFN-γ plus high glucose, a non-specific disease stimulus that emphasized the dynamic polarization and heterogenicity of the microglial population. More specifically, we demonstrated the polarization of HMC3 cells through the upregulation of iNOS expression and nitrite production in response to the Parkinson's like stimuli, 6-hydroxidopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), the latter depending on the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, we identified inflammatory mediators that promote the pro-inflammatory activation of human microglia as function of different pathways that can simulate the phenotypic transition according to the stage of the pathology. In conclusion, we established and characterized different systems of HMC3 cells activation as in vitro models of Parkinson's like neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Massenzio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Gaige S, Barbouche R, Barbot M, Boularand S, Dallaporta M, Abysique A, Troadec JD. Constitutively active microglial populations limit anorexia induced by the food contaminant deoxynivalenol. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:280. [PMCID: PMC9675145 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are involved in neuroinflammatory processes during diverse pathophysiological conditions. To date, the possible contribution of these cells to deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced brain inflammation and anorexia has not yet been evaluated. DON, one of the most abundant trichothecenes found in cereals, has been implicated in mycotoxicosis in both humans and farm animals. DON-induced toxicity is characterized by reduced food intake, weight gain, and immunological effects. We previously showed that exposure to DON induces an inflammatory response within the hypothalamus and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) which contributes to DON-induced anorexia. Here, in response to anorectic DON doses, we reported microglial activation within two circumventricular organs (CVOs), the area postrema (AP) and median eminence (ME) located in the DVC and the hypothalamus, respectively. Interestingly, this microglial activation was observed while DON-induced anorexia was ongoing (i.e., 3 and 6 h after DON administration). Next, we took advantage of pharmacological microglia deletion using PLX3397, a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-inhibitor. Surprisingly, microglia-depleted mice exhibited an increased sensitivity to DON since non-anorectic DON doses reduced food intake in PLX3397-treated mice. Moreover, low DON doses induced c-Fos expression within feeding behavior-associated structures in PLX3397-treated mice but not in control mice. In parallel, we have highlighted heterogeneity in the phenotype of microglial cells present in and around the AP and ME of control animals. In these areas, microglial subpopulations expressed IBA1, TMEM119, CD11b and CD68 to varying degrees. In addition, a CD68 positive subpopulation showed, under resting conditions, a noticeable phagocytotic/endocytotic activity. We observed that DON strongly reduced CD68 in the hypothalamus and DVC. Finally, inactivation of constitutively active microglia by intraperitoneal administration of minocycline resulted in anorexia with a DON dose ineffective in control mice. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that various populations of microglial cells residing in and around the CVOs are maintained in a functionally active state even under physiological conditions. We propose that these microglial cell populations are attempting to protect the brain parenchyma from hazardous molecules coming from the blood. This study could contribute to a better understanding of how microglia respond to environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Gaige
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Rym Barbouche
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Manon Barbot
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Sarah Boularand
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM (FR1739), PRATIM, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Michel Dallaporta
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Abysique
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Denis Troadec
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7291, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
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