1
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Sabu S, Parmentier FBR, Horváth J. Involuntary motor responses are elicited both by rare sounds and rare pitch changes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20235. [PMID: 39215115 PMCID: PMC11364668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Unpredictable deviations from an otherwise regular auditory sequence, as well as rare sounds following a period of silence, are detected automatically. Recent evidence suggests that the latter also elicit quick involuntary modulations of ongoing motor activity emerging as early as 100 ms following sound onset, which was attributed to supramodal processing. We explored such force modulations for both rare and deviant sounds. Participants (N = 29) pinched a force sensitive device and maintained a force of 1-2 N for periods of 1 min. Task-irrelevant tones were presented under two conditions. In the Rare condition, 4000 Hz tones were presented every 8-to-16 s. In the Roving condition, 4000 Hz and 2996 Hz tones were presented at rate of 1 s, with infrequent (p = 1/12) frequency changes. In the Rare condition, transient force modulations were observed with a significant increase at ~ 234 ms, and a decrease at ~ 350 ms. In the Roving condition with low frequency deviant tones, an increase in force was observed at ~ 277 ms followed by a decrease at ~ 413 ms. No significant modulations were observed during perception of high frequency deviants. These results suggest that both rare silence-breaking sounds and low-pitched deviants evoke automatic fluctuations of motor responses, which opens up the possibility that these force modulations are triggered by stimulus-specific change-detection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simily Sabu
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, P.O.B. 286, Budapest, 1519, Hungary
| | - Fabrice B R Parmentier
- Department of Psychology and Research Institute of Health Sciences (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. De Valldemossa, Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - János Horváth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, P.O.B. 286, Budapest, 1519, Hungary.
- Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Budapest, Hungary.
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2
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Sibille J, Kremkow J, Koch U. Absence of the Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein alters response patterns to sounds in the auditory midbrain. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:987939. [PMID: 36188480 PMCID: PMC9523263 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.987939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the different autism spectrum disorders, Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability. Sensory and especially auditory hypersensitivity is a key symptom in patients, which is well mimicked in the Fmr1 -/- mouse model. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying FXS’s acoustic hypersensitivity in particular remain poorly understood. Here, we categorized spike response patterns to pure tones of different frequencies and intensities from neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC), a central integrator in the ascending auditory pathway. Based on this categorization we analyzed differences in response patterns between IC neurons of wild-type (WT) and Fmr1 -/- mice. Our results report broadening of frequency tuning, an increased firing in response to monaural as well as binaural stimuli, an altered balance of excitation-inhibition, and reduced response latencies, all expected features of acoustic hypersensitivity. Furthermore, we noticed that all neuronal response types in Fmr1 -/- mice displayed enhanced offset-rebound activity outside their excitatory frequency response area. These results provide evidence that the loss of Fmr1 not only increases spike responses in IC neurons similar to auditory brainstem neurons, but also changes response patterns such as offset spiking. One can speculate this to be an underlying aspect of the receptive language problems associated with Fragile X syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Sibille
- Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jérémie Sibille, ,
| | - Jens Kremkow
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Koch
- Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Ursula Koch,
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3
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Heurteloup C, Merchie A, Roux S, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Escera C, Gomot M. Neural repetition suppression to vocal and non-vocal sounds. Cortex 2021; 148:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Jia G, Li X, Liu C, He J, Gao L. Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in Auditory Thalamus Is Modulated by the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1688-1697. [PMID: 33900722 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A striking property of the auditory system is its capacity for the stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA), which is the reduction of neural response to repeated stimuli but a recuperative response to novel stimuli. SSA is found in both the medial geniculate body (MGB) and thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). However, it remains unknown whether the SSA of MGB neurons is modulated by inhibitory inputs from the TRN, as it is difficult to investigate using the extracellular recording method. In the present study, we performed intracellular recordings in the MGB of anesthetized guinea pigs and examined whether and how the TRN modulates the SSA of MGB neurons with inhibitory inputs. This was accomplished by using microinjection of lidocaine to inactivate the neural activity of the TRN. We found that (1) MGB neurons with hyperpolarized membrane potentials exhibited SSA at both the spiking and subthreshold levels; (2) SSA of MGB neurons depends on the interstimulus interval (ISI), where a shorter ISI results in stronger SSA; and (3) the long-lasting hyperpolarization of MGB neurons decreased after the burst firing of the TRN was inactivated. As a result, SSA of these MGB neurons was diminished after inactivation of the TRN. Taken together, our results revealed that the SSA of the MGB is strongly modulated by the neural activity of the TRN, which suggests an alternative circuit mechanism underlying the SSA of the auditory thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Jia
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guang Dong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jufang He
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Departments of Neuroscience and Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Lixia Gao
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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5
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Kang H, Auksztulewicz R, An H, Abi Chacra N, Sutter ML, Schnupp JWH. Neural Correlates of Auditory Pattern Learning in the Auditory Cortex. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:610978. [PMID: 33790730 PMCID: PMC8005649 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.610978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning of new auditory stimuli often requires repetitive exposure to the stimulus. Fast and implicit learning of sounds presented at random times enables efficient auditory perception. However, it is unclear how such sensory encoding is processed on a neural level. We investigated neural responses that are developed from a passive, repetitive exposure to a specific sound in the auditory cortex of anesthetized rats, using electrocorticography. We presented a series of random sequences that are generated afresh each time, except for a specific reference sequence that remains constant and re-appears at random times across trials. We compared induced activity amplitudes between reference and fresh sequences. Neural responses from both primary and non-primary auditory cortical regions showed significantly decreased induced activity amplitudes for reference sequences compared to fresh sequences, especially in the beta band. This is the first study showing that neural correlates of auditory pattern learning can be evoked even in anesthetized, passive listening animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hijee Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ryszard Auksztulewicz
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Neuroscience Department, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hyunjung An
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Nicolas Abi Chacra
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Mitchell L Sutter
- Center for Neuroscience and Section of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jan W H Schnupp
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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6
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Asokan MM, Williamson RS, Hancock KE, Polley DB. Inverted central auditory hierarchies for encoding local intervals and global temporal patterns. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1762-1770.e4. [PMID: 33609455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In sensory systems, representational features of increasing complexity emerge at successive stages of processing. In the mammalian auditory pathway, the clearest change from brainstem to cortex is defined by what is lost, not by what is gained, in that high-fidelity temporal coding becomes increasingly restricted to slower acoustic modulation rates.1,2 Here, we explore the idea that sluggish temporal processing is more than just an inability for fast processing, but instead reflects an emergent specialization for encoding sound features that unfold on very slow timescales.3,4 We performed simultaneous single unit ensemble recordings from three hierarchical stages of auditory processing in awake mice - the inferior colliculus (IC), medial geniculate body of the thalamus (MGB) and primary auditory cortex (A1). As expected, temporal coding of brief local intervals (0.001 - 0.1 s) separating consecutive noise bursts was robust in the IC and declined across MGB and A1. By contrast, slowly developing (∼1 s period) global rhythmic patterns of inter-burst interval sequences strongly modulated A1 spiking, were weakly captured by MGB neurons, and not at all by IC neurons. Shifts in stimulus regularity were not represented by changes in A1 spike rates, but rather in how the spikes were arranged in time. These findings show that low-level auditory neurons with fast timescales encode isolated sound features but not the longer gestalt, while the extended timescales in higher-level areas can facilitate sensitivity to slower contextual changes in the sensory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi M Asokan
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston MA 02114 USA; Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Ross S Williamson
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston MA 02114 USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Kenneth E Hancock
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston MA 02114 USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Daniel B Polley
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston MA 02114 USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114 USA.
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7
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Moore S, Meschkat M, Ruhwedel T, Trevisiol A, Tzvetanova ID, Battefeld A, Kusch K, Kole MHP, Strenzke N, Möbius W, de Hoz L, Nave KA. A role of oligodendrocytes in information processing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5497. [PMID: 33127910 PMCID: PMC7599337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelinating oligodendrocytes enable fast propagation of action potentials along the ensheathed axons. In addition, oligodendrocytes play diverse non-canonical roles including axonal metabolic support and activity-dependent myelination. An open question remains whether myelination also contributes to information processing in addition to speeding up conduction velocity. Here, we analyze the role of myelin in auditory information processing using paradigms that are also good predictors of speech understanding in humans. We compare mice with different degrees of dysmyelination using acute multiunit recordings in the auditory cortex, in combination with behavioral readouts. We find complex alterations of neuronal responses that reflect fatigue and temporal acuity deficits. We observe partially discriminable but similar deficits in well myelinated mice in which glial cells cannot fully support axons metabolically. We suggest a model in which myelination contributes to sustained stimulus perception in temporally complex paradigms, with a role of metabolically active oligodendrocytes in cortical information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlen Moore
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics and Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Martin Meschkat
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torben Ruhwedel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Trevisiol
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Iva D Tzvetanova
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Arne Battefeld
- Department of Axonal Signaling, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maarten H P Kole
- Department of Axonal Signaling, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Strenzke
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Livia de Hoz
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
- Charité Medical University, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Kilonzo VW, Sweet RA, Glausier JR, Pitts MW. Deficits in Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 67 Immunoreactivity, Parvalbumin Interneurons, and Perineuronal Nets in the Inferior Colliculus of Subjects With Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1053-1059. [PMID: 32681171 PMCID: PMC7505180 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant processing of auditory stimuli is a prominent feature of schizophrenia (SZ). Prior studies have chronicled histological abnormalities in the auditory cortex of SZ subjects, but whether deficits exist at upstream, subcortical levels has yet to be established. En route to the auditory cortex, ascending information is integrated in the inferior colliculus (IC), a highly gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) ergic midbrain structure that is critically involved in auditory processing. The IC contains a dense population of parvalbumin-immunoreactive interneurons (PVIs), a cell type characterized by increased metabolic demands and enhanced vulnerability to oxidative stress. During development, PVIs are preferentially surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized extracellular matrix structures that promote redox homeostasis and excitatory/inhibitory balance. Moreover, in SZ, deficits in PVIs, PNNs, and the GABA synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (Gad67), have been extensively documented in cortical regions. Yet, whether similar impairments exist in the IC is currently unknown. Thus, we compared IC samples of age- and sex-matched pairs of SZ and unaffected control subjects. SZ subjects exhibited lower levels of Gad67 immunoreactivity and a decreased density of PVIs and PNNs within the IC. These findings provide the first histological evidence of IC GABAergic abnormalities in SZ and suggest that SZ-related auditory dysfunction may stem, in part, from altered IC inhibitory tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Kilonzo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jill R Glausier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Matthew W Pitts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
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9
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Zarei M, Parto Dezfouli M, Jahed M, Daliri MR. Adaptation Modulates Spike-Phase Coupling Tuning Curve in the Rat Primary Auditory Cortex. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:55. [PMID: 32848646 PMCID: PMC7416672 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation is an important mechanism that causes a decrease in the neural response both in terms of local field potentials (LFP) and spiking activity. We previously showed this reduction effect in the tuning curve of the primary auditory cortex. Moreover, we revealed that a repeated stimulus reduces the neural response in terms of spike-phase coupling (SPC). In the current study, we examined the effect of adaptation on the SPC tuning curve. To this end, employing the phase-locking value (PLV) method, we estimated the spike-LFP coupling. The data was obtained by a simultaneous recording from four single-electrodes in the primary auditory cortex of 15 rats. We first investigated whether the neural system may use spike-LFP phase coupling in the primary auditory cortex to encode sensory information. Secondly, we investigated the effect of adaptation on this potential SPC tuning. Our data showed that the coupling between spikes’ times and the LFP phase in beta oscillations represents sensory information (different stimulus frequencies), with an inverted bell-shaped tuning curve. Furthermore, we showed that adaptation to a specific frequency modulates SPC tuning curve of the adapter and its neighboring frequencies. These findings could be useful for interpretation of feature representation in terms of SPC and the underlying neural mechanism of adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarei
- School of Cognitive Sciences (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran.,School of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology (SUT), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Parto Dezfouli
- School of Cognitive Sciences (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Jahed
- School of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology (SUT), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Daliri
- School of Cognitive Sciences (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
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10
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Vahidi NW, Rudraraju S, Castagnola E, Cea C, Nimbalkar S, Hanna R, Arvizu R, Dayeh SA, Gentner TQ, Kassegne S. Epi-Intra neural probes with glassy carbon microelectrodes help elucidate neural coding and stimulus encoding in 3D volume of tissue. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:046005. [PMID: 32521531 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab9b5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we demonstrate practical applications of a novel 3-dimensional neural probe for simultaneous electrophysiological recordings from the surface of the brain as well as deep intra-cortical tissue. We used this 3D probe to investigate signal propagation mechanisms between neuronal cells and their responses to stimuli in a 3D fashion. APPROACH This novel probe leverage 2D thin-film microfabrication technique to combine an epi-cortical (surface) and an intra-cortical (depth) microelectrode arrays (Epi-Intra), that unfold into an origami 3D-like probe during brain implantation. The flexible epi-cortical component conforms to the brain surface while the intra-cortical array is reinforced with stiffer durimide polymer layer for ease of tissue penetration. The microelectrodes are made of glassy carbon material that is biocompatible and has low electrochemical impedance that is important for high fidelity neuronal recordings. These recordings were performed on the auditory region of anesthetized European starling songbirds during playback of conspecific songs as auditory stimuli. MAIN RESULTS The Epi-Intra probe recorded broadband activity including local field potentials (LFPs) signals as well as single-unit activity and multi-unit activity from both surface and deep brain. The majority of recorded cellular activities were stimulus-locked and exhibited low noise. Notably, while LFPs recorded on surface and depth electrodes did not exhibit strong correlation, composite receptive fields (CRFs)-extracted from individual neuron cells through a non-linear model and that are cell-dependent-were correlated. SIGNIFICANCE These findings demonstrate that CRFs extracted from Epi-Intra recordings are excellent candidates for neural coding and for understanding the relationship between sensory neuronal responses and their stimuli (stimulus encoding). Beyond CRFs, this novel neural probe may enable new spatiotemporal 3D volumetric mapping to address, with cellular resolution, how the brain coordinates function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim W Vahidi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
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11
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Ross JM, Hamm JP. Cortical Microcircuit Mechanisms of Mismatch Negativity and Its Underlying Subcomponents. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:13. [PMID: 32296311 PMCID: PMC7137737 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the neocortex, neuronal processing of sensory events is significantly influenced by context. For instance, responses in sensory cortices are suppressed to repetitive or redundant stimuli, a phenomenon termed “stimulus-specific adaptation” (SSA). However, in a context in which that same stimulus is novel, or deviates from expectations, neuronal responses are augmented. This augmentation is termed “deviance detection” (DD). This contextual modulation of neural responses is fundamental for how the brain efficiently processes the sensory world to guide immediate and future behaviors. Notably, context modulation is deficient in some neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SZ), as quantified by reduced “mismatch negativity” (MMN), an electroencephalography waveform reflecting a combination of SSA and DD in sensory cortex. Although the role of NMDA-receptor function and other neuromodulatory systems on MMN is established, the precise microcircuit mechanisms of MMN and its underlying components, SSA and DD, remain unknown. When coupled with animal models, the development of powerful precision neurotechnologies over the past decade carries significant promise for making new progress into understanding the neurobiology of MMN with previously unreachable spatial resolution. Currently, rodent models represent the best tool for mechanistic study due to the vast genetic tools available. While quantifying human-like MMN waveforms in rodents is not straightforward, the “oddball” paradigms used to study it in humans and its underlying subcomponents (SSA/DD) are highly translatable across species. Here we summarize efforts published so far, with a focus on cortically measured SSA and DD in animals to maintain relevance to the classically measured MMN, which has cortical origins. While mechanistic studies that measure and contrast both components are sparse, we synthesize a potential set of microcircuit mechanisms from the existing rodent, primate, and human literature. While MMN and its subcomponents likely reflect several mechanisms across multiple brain regions, understanding fundamental microcircuit mechanisms is an important step to understand MMN as a whole. We hypothesize that SSA reflects adaptations occurring at synapses along the sensory-thalamocortical pathways, while DD depends on both SSA inherited from afferent inputs and resulting disinhibition of non-adapted neurons arising from the distinct physiology and wiring properties of local interneuronal subpopulations and NMDA-receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Ross
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jordan P Hamm
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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12
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Wong E, Radziwon K, Chen GD, Liu X, Manno FA, Manno SH, Auerbach B, Wu EX, Salvi R, Lau C. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of enhanced central auditory gain and electrophysiological correlates in a behavioral model of hyperacusis. Hear Res 2020; 389:107908. [PMID: 32062293 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hyperacusis is a debilitating hearing condition in which normal everyday sounds are perceived as exceedingly loud, annoying, aversive or even painful. The prevalence of hyperacusis approaches 10%, making it an important, but understudied medical condition. To noninvasively identify the neural correlates of hyperacusis in an animal model, we used sound-evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to locate regions of abnormal activity in the central nervous system of rats with behavioral evidence of hyperacusis induced with an ototoxic drug (sodium salicylate, 250 mg/kg, i.p.). Reaction time-intensity measures of loudness-growth revealed behavioral evidence of salicylate-induced hyperacusis at high intensities. fMRI revealed significantly enhanced sound-evoked responses in the auditory cortex (AC) to 80 dB SPL tone bursts presented at 8 and 16 kHz. Sound-evoked responses in the inferior colliculus (IC) were also enhanced, but to a lesser extent. To confirm the main results, electrophysiological recordings of spike discharges from multi-unit clusters were obtained from the central auditory pathway. Salicylate significantly enhanced tone-evoked spike-discharges from multi-unit clusters in the AC from 4 to 30 kHz at intensities ≥60 dB SPL; less enhancement occurred in the medial geniculate body (MGB), and even less in the IC. Our results demonstrate for the first time that non-invasive sound-evoked fMRI can be used to identify regions of neural hyperactivity throughout the brain in an animal model of hyperacusis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Wong
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelly Radziwon
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Guang-Di Chen
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Francis Am Manno
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sinai Hc Manno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin Auerbach
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Ed X Wu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA; Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Condon Lau
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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13
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Abstract
Evoked potentials provide valuable insight into brain processes that are integral to our ability to interact effectively and efficiently in the world. The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the evoked potential has proven highly informative on the ways in which sensitivity to regularity contributes to perception and cognition. This review offers a compendium of research on MMN with a view to scaffolding an appreciation for its use as a tool to explore the way regularities contribute to predictions about the sensory environment over many timescales. In compiling this work, interest in MMN as an index of sensory encoding and memory are addressed, as well as attention. Perspectives on the possible underlying computational processes are reviewed as well as recent observations that invite consideration of how MMN relates to how we learn, what we learn, and why.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Fitzgerald
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Juanita Todd
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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14
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Malinowski ST, Wolf J, Kuenzel T. Intrinsic and Synaptic Dynamics Contribute to Adaptation in the Core of the Avian Central Nucleus of the Inferior Colliculus. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:46. [PMID: 31379514 PMCID: PMC6646678 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of neuronal responses to repeated stimulus presentation occurs in many sensory neurons, also in the inferior colliculus of birds. The cellular mechanisms that cause response adaptation are not well described. Adaptation must be explicable by changes in the activity of input neurons, short-term synaptic plasticity of the incoming connections, excitability changes of the neuron under consideration or influences of inhibitory or modulatory network connections. Using whole-cell recordings in acute brain slices of the embryonic chicken brain we wanted to understand the intrinsic and synaptic contributions to adaptation in the core of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICCc). We described two neuron types in the chicken ICCc based on their action potential firing patterns: Phasic/onset neurons showed strong intrinsic adaptation but recovered more rapidly. Tonic/sustained firing neurons had weaker adaptation but often had additional slow components of recovery from adaptation. Morphological analysis suggested two neuron classes, but no physiological parameter aligned with this classification. Chicken ICCc neurons received mostly mixed AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamatergic synaptic inputs. In the majority of ICCc neurons the input synapses underwent short-term depression. With a simulation of the putative population output activity of the chicken ICCc we showed that the different adaptation profiles of the neuron classes could shift the emphasize of stimulus encoding from transients at long intervals to ongoing parts at short intervals. Thus, we report here that description of biophysical and synaptic properties can help to explain adaptive phenomena in central auditory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian T Malinowski
- Auditory Neurophysiology Group, Department of Chemosensation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Chemosensation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jana Wolf
- Auditory Neurophysiology Group, Department of Chemosensation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuenzel
- Auditory Neurophysiology Group, Department of Chemosensation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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15
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Carbajal GV, Malmierca MS. The Neuronal Basis of Predictive Coding Along the Auditory Pathway: From the Subcortical Roots to Cortical Deviance Detection. Trends Hear 2019; 22:2331216518784822. [PMID: 30022729 PMCID: PMC6053868 DOI: 10.1177/2331216518784822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we attempt to integrate the empirical evidence regarding stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) and mismatch negativity (MMN) under a predictive coding perspective (also known as Bayesian or hierarchical-inference model). We propose a renewed methodology for SSA study, which enables a further decomposition of deviance detection into repetition suppression and prediction error, thanks to the use of two controls previously introduced in MMN research: the many-standards and the cascade sequences. Focusing on data obtained with cellular recordings, we explain how deviance detection and prediction error are generated throughout hierarchical levels of processing, following two vectors of increasing computational complexity and abstraction along the auditory neuraxis: from subcortical toward cortical stations and from lemniscal toward nonlemniscal divisions. Then, we delve into the particular characteristics and contributions of subcortical and cortical structures to this generative mechanism of hierarchical inference, analyzing what is known about the role of neuromodulation and local microcircuitry in the emergence of mismatch signals. Finally, we describe how SSA and MMN are occurring at similar time frame and cortical locations, and both are affected by the manipulation of N-methyl- D-aspartate receptors. We conclude that there is enough empirical evidence to consider SSA and MMN, respectively, as the microscopic and macroscopic manifestations of the same physiological mechanism of deviance detection in the auditory cortex. Hence, the development of a common theoretical framework for SSA and MMN is all the more recommendable for future studies. In this regard, we suggest a shared nomenclature based on the predictive coding interpretation of deviance detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo V Carbajal
- 1 Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory (Lab 1), Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,2 Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research, Spain
| | - Manuel S Malmierca
- 1 Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory (Lab 1), Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,2 Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research, Spain.,3 Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain
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16
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Implicit Memory for Complex Sounds in Higher Auditory Cortex of the Ferret. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9955-9966. [PMID: 30266740 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2118-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Responses of auditory cortical neurons encode sound features of incoming acoustic stimuli and also are shaped by stimulus context and history. Previous studies of mammalian auditory cortex have reported a variable time course for such contextual effects ranging from milliseconds to minutes. However, in secondary auditory forebrain areas of songbirds, long-term stimulus-specific neuronal habituation to acoustic stimuli can persist for much longer periods of time, ranging from hours to days. Such long-term habituation in the songbird is a form of long-term auditory memory that requires gene expression. Although such long-term habituation has been demonstrated in avian auditory forebrain, this phenomenon has not previously been described in the mammalian auditory system. Utilizing a similar version of the avian habituation paradigm, we explored whether such long-term effects of stimulus history also occur in auditory cortex of a mammalian auditory generalist, the ferret. Following repetitive presentation of novel complex sounds, we observed significant response habituation in secondary auditory cortex, but not in primary auditory cortex. This long-term habituation appeared to be independent for each novel stimulus and often lasted for at least 20 min. These effects could not be explained by simple neuronal fatigue in the auditory pathway, because time-reversed sounds induced undiminished responses similar to those elicited by completely novel sounds. A parallel set of pupillometric response measurements in the ferret revealed long-term habituation effects similar to observed long-term neural habituation, supporting the hypothesis that habituation to passively presented stimuli is correlated with implicit learning and long-term recognition of familiar sounds.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Long-term habituation in higher areas of songbird auditory forebrain is associated with gene expression and is correlated with recognition memory. Similar long-term auditory habituation in mammals has not been previously described. We studied such habituation in single neurons in the auditory cortex of awake ferrets that were passively listening to repeated presentations of various complex sounds. Responses exhibited long-lasting habituation (at least 20 min) in the secondary, but not primary auditory cortex. Habituation ceased when stimuli were played backward, despite having identical spectral content to the original sound. This long-term neural habituation correlated with similar habituation of ferret pupillary responses to repeated presentations of the same stimuli, suggesting that stimulus habituation is retained as a long-term behavioral memory.
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17
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David SV. Incorporating behavioral and sensory context into spectro-temporal models of auditory encoding. Hear Res 2018; 360:107-123. [PMID: 29331232 PMCID: PMC6292525 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, auditory neuroscientists have used spectro-temporal encoding models to understand how neurons in the auditory system represent sound. Derived from early applications of systems identification tools to the auditory periphery, the spectro-temporal receptive field (STRF) and more sophisticated variants have emerged as an efficient means of characterizing representation throughout the auditory system. Most of these encoding models describe neurons as static sensory filters. However, auditory neural coding is not static. Sensory context, reflecting the acoustic environment, and behavioral context, reflecting the internal state of the listener, can both influence sound-evoked activity, particularly in central auditory areas. This review explores recent efforts to integrate context into spectro-temporal encoding models. It begins with a brief tutorial on the basics of estimating and interpreting STRFs. Then it describes three recent studies that have characterized contextual effects on STRFs, emerging over a range of timescales, from many minutes to tens of milliseconds. An important theme of this work is not simply that context influences auditory coding, but also that contextual effects span a large continuum of internal states. The added complexity of these context-dependent models introduces new experimental and theoretical challenges that must be addressed in order to be used effectively. Several new methodological advances promise to address these limitations and allow the development of more comprehensive context-dependent models in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V David
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, MC L335A, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
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18
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宋 长, 魏 金, 李 绿, 肖 中. [Effects of auditory response patterns on stimulus-specific adaptation of inferior colliculus neurons in awake mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:69-74. [PMID: 33177024 PMCID: PMC6765611 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.01.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether the pattern of neuron's auditory response to a sound stimulus affects the characteristics of stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) in awake mice. METHODS The auditory responses of the neurons in the inferior colliculus to sound stimuli were recorded using microelectrodes in awake mice. The sequence of sound stimuli consisted of random combinations of pure tones of two different frequencies (f1 and f2) with different repetition rates. The auditory responses of the neurons to standard and deviant stimuli were calculated, namely s(f2)/s(f2) and d(f1)/d(f2), respectively. Three indexes of the responses were also calculated, including the firing difference index (FDI), frequency-specific index (SI), and common SSA index(CSI). RESULTS The CSI of neurons with a greater FDI was significantly higher than that of neurons with a smaller FDI (P < 0.05). The primary-like neurons showed different characteristics of SSAs in different time periods; SSA was significantly increased in the phase of sustained response compared with that at the onset of response (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The auditory response pattern to sound stimuli is also an important factor that affect SSA of inferior colliculus neurons in awake mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- 长宝 宋
- />南方医科大学基础医学院生理学教研室,广东 广州 510515Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 金星 魏
- />南方医科大学基础医学院生理学教研室,广东 广州 510515Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 绿 李
- />南方医科大学基础医学院生理学教研室,广东 广州 510515Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 中举 肖
- />南方医科大学基础医学院生理学教研室,广东 广州 510515Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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19
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Neurons, Connections, and Microcircuits of the Inferior Colliculus. THE MAMMALIAN AUDITORY PATHWAYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71798-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Parras GG, Nieto-Diego J, Carbajal GV, Valdés-Baizabal C, Escera C, Malmierca MS. Neurons along the auditory pathway exhibit a hierarchical organization of prediction error. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2148. [PMID: 29247159 PMCID: PMC5732270 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perception is characterized by a reciprocal exchange of predictions and prediction error signals between neural regions. However, the relationship between such sensory mismatch responses and hierarchical predictive processing has not yet been demonstrated at the neuronal level in the auditory pathway. We recorded single-neuron activity from different auditory centers in anaesthetized rats and awake mice while animals were played a sequence of sounds, designed to separate the responses due to prediction error from those due to adaptation effects. Here we report that prediction error is organized hierarchically along the central auditory pathway. These prediction error signals are detectable in subcortical regions and increase as the signals move towards auditory cortex, which in turn demonstrates a large-scale mismatch potential. Finally, the predictive activity of single auditory neurons underlies automatic deviance detection at subcortical levels of processing. These results demonstrate that prediction error is a fundamental component of singly auditory neuron responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria G Parras
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca, 37007, Castilla y León, Spain.,The Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Salamanca, 37007, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Javier Nieto-Diego
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca, 37007, Castilla y León, Spain.,The Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Salamanca, 37007, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Guillermo V Carbajal
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca, 37007, Castilla y León, Spain.,The Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Salamanca, 37007, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Catalina Valdés-Baizabal
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca, 37007, Castilla y León, Spain.,The Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Salamanca, 37007, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Carles Escera
- Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Catalonia, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manuel S Malmierca
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca, 37007, Castilla y León, Spain. .,The Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Salamanca, 37007, Castilla y León, Spain. .,Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Castilla y León, Spain.
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21
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The effect of inhibition on stimulus-specific adaptation in the inferior colliculus. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:1391-1407. [PMID: 29143124 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The inferior colliculus is a center of convergence for inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs that may be activated simultaneously by sound stimulation. Stimulus repetition may generate response habituation by changing the efficacy of neuron's synaptic inputs. Specialized IC neurons reduce their response to repetitive tones, but restore their firing when a different and infrequent tone occurs, a phenomenon known as stimulus specific adaptation. Here, using the microiontophoresis technique, we determined the role of GABAA-, GABAB-, and glycinergic receptors in stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA). We found that blockade of postsynaptic GABAB receptors selectively modulated response adaptation to repetitive sounds, whereas blockade of presynaptic GABAB receptors exerted a gain control effect on neuron excitability. Adaptation decreased when postsynaptic GABAB receptors were blocked, but increased if the blockade affected the presynaptic GABAB receptors. A dual, paradoxical effect was elicited by blockade of glycinergic receptors, i.e., both increase and decrease in adaptation. Moreover, simultaneous co-application of GABAA, GABAB, and glycinergic antagonists demonstrated that local GABA- and glycine-mediated inhibition contributes to only about 50% of SSA. Therefore, inhibition via chemical synapses dynamically modulate the strength and dynamics of stimulus-specific adaptation, but does not generate it.
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22
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The implicit learning of metrical and non-metrical rhythms in blind and sighted adults. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 83:907-923. [PMID: 28916843 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-017-0916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Forming temporal expectancies plays a crucial role in our survival as it allows us to identify the occurrence of temporal deviants that might signal potential dangers. The dynamic attending theory suggests that temporal expectancies are formed more readily for rhythms that imply a beat (i.e., metrical rhythms) compared to those that do not (i.e., nonmetrical rhythms). Moreover, metrical frameworks can be used to detect temporal deviants. Although several studies have demonstrated that congenital or early blindness correlates with modality-specific neural changes that reflect compensatory mechanisms, few have examined whether blind individuals show a learning advantage for auditory rhythms and whether learning can occur unintentionally and without awareness, that is, implicitly. We compared blind to sighted controls in their ability to implicitly learn metrical and nonmetrical auditory rhythms. We reasoned that the loss of sight in blindness might lead to improved sensitivity to rhythms and predicted that the blind learn rhythms more readily than the sighted. We further hypothesized that metrical rhythms are learned more readily than nonmetrical rhythms. Results partially confirmed our predictions; the blind group learned nonmetrical rhythms more readily than the sighted group but the blind group learned metrical rhythms less readily than the sighted group. Only the sighted group learned metrical rhythms more readily than nonmetrical rhythms. The blind group demonstrated awareness of the nonmetrical rhythms while learning was implicit for all other conditions. Findings suggest that improved deviant-sensitivity might have provided the blind group a learning advantage for nonmetrical rhythms. Future research could explore the plastic changes that affect deviance-detection and stimulus-specific adaptation in blindness.
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23
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Valdés-Baizabal C, Parras GG, Ayala YA, Malmierca MS. Endocannabinoid Modulation of Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in Inferior Colliculus Neurons of the Rat. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6997. [PMID: 28765608 PMCID: PMC5539202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07460-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are widely distributed in the brain, including the inferior colliculus (IC). Here, we aim to study whether endocannabinoids influence a specific type of neuronal adaptation, namely, stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) found in some IC neurons. SSA is important because it has been found as early as the level of the midbrain and therefore it may be a neuronal correlate of early indices of deviance detection. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated a direct link between SSA and MMN, that is widely used as an outcome measure in a variety of human neurodegenerative disorders. SSA is considered a form of short-term plasticity, and CBRs have been shown to play a role in short-term neural plasticity. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that endocannabinoids may play a role in the generation or modulation of SSA. We recorded single units in the IC under an oddball paradigm stimulation. The results demonstrate that cannabinoid agonists lead to a reduction in the neuronal adaptation. This change is due to a differential increase of the neuronal firing rate to the standard tone alone. Furthermore, we show that the effect is mediated by the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CBR1). Thus, cannabinoid agonists down-modulate SSA in IC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Valdés-Baizabal
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,The Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - G G Parras
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,The Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Y A Ayala
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - M S Malmierca
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,The Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Department of Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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24
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Connectional Modularity of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Multimodal Inputs to the Lateral Cortex of the Mouse Inferior Colliculus. J Neurosci 2017; 36:11037-11050. [PMID: 27798184 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4134-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral cortex of the inferior colliculus receives information from both auditory and somatosensory structures and is thought to play a role in multisensory integration. Previous studies in the rat have shown that this nucleus contains a series of distinct anatomical modules that stain for GAD-67 as well as other neurochemical markers. In the present study, we sought to better characterize these modules in the mouse inferior colliculus and determine whether the connectivity of other neural structures with the lateral cortex is spatially related to the distribution of these neurochemical modules. Staining for GAD-67 and other markers revealed a single modular network throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the mouse lateral cortex. Somatosensory inputs from the somatosensory cortex and dorsal column nuclei were found to terminate almost exclusively within these modular zones. However, projections from the auditory cortex and central nucleus of the inferior colliculus formed patches that interdigitate with the GAD-67-positive modules. These results suggest that the lateral cortex of the mouse inferior colliculus exhibits connectional as well as neurochemical modularity and may contain multiple segregated processing streams. This finding is discussed in the context of other brain structures in which neuroanatomical and connectional modularity have functional consequences. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Many brain regions contain subnuclear microarchitectures, such as the matrix-striosome organization of the basal ganglia or the patch-interpatch organization of the visual cortex, that shed light on circuit complexities. In the present study, we demonstrate the presence of one such micro-organization in the rodent inferior colliculus. While this structure is typically viewed as an auditory integration center, its lateral cortex appears to be involved in multisensory operations and receives input from somatosensory brain regions. We show here that the lateral cortex can be further subdivided into multiple processing streams: modular regions, which are targeted by somatosensory inputs, and extramodular zones that receive auditory information.
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25
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Graham RD, Jose S, Kaiser A, Peixoto N. Synaptic depression depends on charge delivered to network. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:1806-1809. [PMID: 28268679 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In vitro neuronal networks cultured on microelectrode arrays enable the study of network electrophysiology on a fundamental level. Neuronal response to electrical stimulation is an area of interest at the laboratory bench and in the clinic, given its wide application for remedying neurological disorders. Here we investigated the change in cortical network response over time to varied amounts of charge used for stimulation, which may lead to a phenomenon known as selective adaptation. There is a charge threshold that invokes a reverberating network response; when stimulating at 900 mV, five stimulation electrodes were required to elicit a response across the entire network. Stimulating with more charge leads to greater synaptic depression over time when constant periodic stimulation is applied. Stimulating with 5 electrodes led to a decrease in network response to stimulation, whereas stimulating with 12 electrodes led to an extinction of network response. The previously hypothesized selective adaptation mechanism was not observed, implying that our random cortical assemblies have homogeneous excitatory and inhibitory subnetworks.
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26
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Gorina-Careta N, Zarnowiec K, Costa-Faidella J, Escera C. Timing predictability enhances regularity encoding in the human subcortical auditory pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37405. [PMID: 27853313 PMCID: PMC5112601 DOI: 10.1038/srep37405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The encoding of temporal regularities is a critical property of the auditory system, as short-term neural representations of environmental statistics serve to auditory object formation and detection of potentially relevant novel stimuli. A putative neural mechanism underlying regularity encoding is repetition suppression, the reduction of neural activity to repeated stimulation. Although repetitive stimulation per se has shown to reduce auditory neural activity in animal cortical and subcortical levels and in the human cerebral cortex, other factors such as timing may influence the encoding of statistical regularities. This study was set out to investigate whether temporal predictability in the ongoing auditory input modulates repetition suppression in subcortical stages of the auditory processing hierarchy. Human auditory frequency–following responses (FFR) were recorded to a repeating consonant–vowel stimuli (/wa/) delivered in temporally predictable and unpredictable conditions. FFR amplitude was attenuated by repetition independently of temporal predictability, yet we observed an accentuated suppression when the incoming stimulation was temporally predictable. These findings support the view that regularity encoding spans across the auditory hierarchy and point to temporal predictability as a modulatory factor of regularity encoding in early stages of the auditory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Gorina-Careta
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, P. Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, P. Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Zarnowiec
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, P. Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, P. Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Costa-Faidella
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, P. Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, P. Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carles Escera
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, P. Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, P. Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
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27
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Hinova-Palova D, Landzhov B, Dzhambazova E, Edelstein L, Minkov M, Fakih K, Minkov R, Paloff A, Ovtscharoff W. NADPH-diaphorase-positive neurons in the human inferior colliculus: morphology, distribution and clinical implications. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:1829-1846. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Ayala YA, Pérez-González D, Duque D, Palmer AR, Malmierca MS. Extracellular Recording of Neuronal Activity Combined with Microiontophoretic Application of Neuroactive Substances in Awake Mice. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27286308 DOI: 10.3791/53914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in the activity of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and consequently different neural responses, can be found between anesthetized and awake animals. Therefore, methods allowing the manipulation of synaptic systems in awake animals are required in order to determine the contribution of synaptic inputs to neuronal processing unaffected by anesthetics. Here, we present methodology for the construction of electrodes to simultaneously record extracellular neural activity and release multiple neuroactive substances at the vicinity of the recording sites in awake mice. By combining these procedures, we performed microiontophoretic injections of gabazine to selectively block GABAA receptors in neurons of the inferior colliculus of head-restrained mice. Gabazine successfully modified neural response properties such as the frequency response area and stimulus-specific adaptation. Thus, we demonstrate that our methods are suitable for recording single-unit activity and for dissecting the role of specific neurotransmitter receptors in auditory processing. The main limitation of the described procedure is the relatively short recording time (~3 hr), which is determined by the level of habituation of the animal to the recording sessions. On the other hand, multiple recording sessions can be performed in the same animal. The advantage of this technique over other experimental procedures used to manipulate the level of neurotransmission or neuromodulation (such as systemic injections or the use of optogenetic models), is that the drug effect is confined to the local synaptic inputs to the target neuron. In addition, the custom-manufacture of electrodes allows adjustment of specific parameters according to the neural structure and type of neuron of interest (such as the tip resistance for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the recordings).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaneri A Ayala
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca
| | - David Pérez-González
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca
| | - Daniel Duque
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca; Neural Systems Laboratory, Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland
| | - Alan R Palmer
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research
| | - Manuel S Malmierca
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca; Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca;
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29
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Topographic Distribution of Stimulus-Specific Adaptation across Auditory Cortical Fields in the Anesthetized Rat. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002397. [PMID: 26950883 PMCID: PMC4780834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) in single neurons of the auditory cortex was suggested to be a potential neural correlate of the mismatch negativity (MMN), a widely studied component of the auditory event-related potentials (ERP) that is elicited by changes in the auditory environment. However, several aspects on this SSA/MMN relation remain unresolved. SSA occurs in the primary auditory cortex (A1), but detailed studies on SSA beyond A1 are lacking. To study the topographic organization of SSA, we mapped the whole rat auditory cortex with multiunit activity recordings, using an oddball paradigm. We demonstrate that SSA occurs outside A1 and differs between primary and nonprimary cortical fields. In particular, SSA is much stronger and develops faster in the nonprimary than in the primary fields, paralleling the organization of subcortical SSA. Importantly, strong SSA is present in the nonprimary auditory cortex within the latency range of the MMN in the rat and correlates with an MMN-like difference wave in the simultaneously recorded local field potentials (LFP). We present new and strong evidence linking SSA at the cellular level to the MMN, a central tool in cognitive and clinical neuroscience. This study of higher-order auditory cortex strengthens the case for long-latency stimulus-specific adaptation as a genuine neural correlate of the mismatch negativity, which flags salient stimuli. Sensory systems automatically detect salient events in a monotonous ambient background. In humans, this change detection process is indexed by the mismatch negativity (MMN), a mid-late component of the auditory-evoked potentials that has become a central tool in cognitive and clinical neuroscience over the last 40 years. However, the neuronal correlate of MMN remains controversial. Stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) is a special type of adaptation recorded at the neuronal level in the auditory pathway. Attenuating the response only to repetitive, background stimuli is a very efficient mechanism to enhance the saliency of any upcoming deviant or novel stimulus. Thus, SSA was originally proposed as a neural correlate of the MMN, but previous studies in the auditory cortex reported SSA only at very early latencies (circa 20–30 ms) and only within the primary auditory cortex (A1), whereas MMN analogs in the rat occur later, between 50 and 100 ms after change onset, and are generated mainly within nonprimary fields. Here, we report very strong SSA in nonprimary fields within the latency range of the MMN in the rat, providing empirical evidence of the missing link between single neuron response studies in animal models and the human MMN.
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30
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Liao HI, Yoneya M, Kidani S, Kashino M, Furukawa S. Human Pupillary Dilation Response to Deviant Auditory Stimuli: Effects of Stimulus Properties and Voluntary Attention. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:43. [PMID: 26924959 PMCID: PMC4756168 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique sound that deviates from a repetitive background sound induces signature neural responses, such as mismatch negativity and novelty P3 response in electro-encephalography studies. Here we show that a deviant auditory stimulus induces a human pupillary dilation response (PDR) that is sensitive to the stimulus properties and irrespective whether attention is directed to the sounds or not. In an auditory oddball sequence, we used white noise and 2000-Hz tones as oddballs against repeated 1000-Hz tones. Participants' pupillary responses were recorded while they listened to the auditory oddball sequence. In Experiment 1, they were not involved in any task. Results show that pupils dilated to the noise oddballs for approximately 4 s, but no such PDR was found for the 2000-Hz tone oddballs. In Experiments 2, two types of visual oddballs were presented synchronously with the auditory oddballs. Participants discriminated the auditory or visual oddballs while trying to ignore stimuli from the other modality. The purpose of this manipulation was to direct attention to or away from the auditory sequence. In Experiment 3, the visual oddballs and the auditory oddballs were always presented asynchronously to prevent residuals of attention on to-be-ignored oddballs due to the concurrence with the attended oddballs. Results show that pupils dilated to both the noise and 2000-Hz tone oddballs in all conditions. Most importantly, PDRs to noise were larger than those to the 2000-Hz tone oddballs regardless of the attention condition in both experiments. The overall results suggest that the stimulus-dependent factor of the PDR appears to be independent of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-I Liao
- Human Information Science Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation Atsugi, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoneya
- Human Information Science Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT CorporationAtsugi, Japan; Department of Information Processing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kidani
- Human Information Science Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation Atsugi, Japan
| | - Makio Kashino
- Human Information Science Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT CorporationAtsugi, Japan; Department of Information Processing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Shigeto Furukawa
- Human Information Science Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation Atsugi, Japan
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31
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Auksztulewicz R, Friston K. Repetition suppression and its contextual determinants in predictive coding. Cortex 2016; 80:125-40. [PMID: 26861557 PMCID: PMC5405056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a review of theoretical and empirical work on repetition suppression in the context of predictive coding. Predictive coding is a neurobiologically plausible scheme explaining how biological systems might perform perceptual inference and learning. From this perspective, repetition suppression is a manifestation of minimising prediction error through adaptive changes in predictions about the content and precision of sensory inputs. Simulations of artificial neural hierarchies provide a principled way of understanding how repetition suppression – at different time scales – can be explained in terms of inference and learning implemented under predictive coding. This formulation of repetition suppression is supported by results of numerous empirical studies of repetition suppression and its contextual determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Auksztulewicz
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Karl Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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32
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Specific Early and Late Oddball-Evoked Responses in Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons of Mouse Auditory Cortex. J Neurosci 2015; 35:12560-73. [PMID: 26354921 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2240-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge for sensory processing in the brain is considering stimulus context, such as stimulus probability, which may be relevant for survival. Excitatory neurons in auditory cortex, for example, adapt to repetitive tones in a stimulus-specific manner without fully generalizing to a low-probability deviant tone ("oddball") that breaks the preceding regularity. Whether such stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) also prevails in inhibitory neurons and how it might relate to deviance detection remains elusive. We obtained whole-cell recordings from excitatory neurons and somatostatin- and parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons in layer 2/3 of mouse auditory cortex and measured tone-evoked membrane potential responses. All cell types displayed SSA of fast ("early") subthreshold and suprathreshold responses with oddball tones of a deviant frequency eliciting enlarged responses compared with adapted standards. SSA was especially strong when oddball frequency matched neuronal preference. In addition, we identified a slower "late" response component (200-400 ms after tone onset), most clearly in excitatory and parvalbumin-positive neurons, which also displayed SSA. For excitatory neurons, this late component reflected genuine deviance detection. Moreover, intracellular blockade of NMDA receptors reduced early and late responses in excitatory but not parvalbumin-positive neurons. The late component in excitatory neurons thus shares time course, deviance detection, and pharmacological features with the deviant-evoked event-related potential known as mismatch negativity (MMN) and provides a potential link between neuronal SSA and MMN. In summary, our results suggest a two-phase cortical activation upon oddball stimulation, with oddball tones first reactivating the adapted auditory cortex circuitry and subsequently triggering delayed reverberating network activity. Significance statement: Understanding how the brain encodes sensory context in addition to stimulus feature has been a main focus in neuroscience. Using in vivo targeted whole-cell recordings from excitatory and inhibitory neurons of mouse primary auditory cortex, we report two temporally distinct components of membrane potential responses encoding oddball tones that break stimulus regularity. Both components display stimulus-specific adaptation upon oddball paradigm stimulation in the three recorded cell types. The late response component, in particular, carries signatures of genuine deviance detection. In excitatory but not parvalbumin-positive inhibitory neurons, both early and late components depend on NMDA receptor-signaling. Our work proposes a potential neuronal substrate of a known deviant-evoked event-related potential, which is of fundamental significance in basic and clinical neuroscience.
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33
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Ono M, Ito T. Functional organization of the mammalian auditory midbrain. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:499-506. [PMID: 26362672 PMCID: PMC10718034 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inferior colliculus (IC) is a critical nexus between the auditory brainstem and the forebrain. Parallel auditory pathways that emerge from the brainstem are integrated in the IC. In this integration, de-novo auditory information processed as local and ascending inputs converge via the complex neural circuit of the IC. However, it is still unclear how information is processed within the neural circuit. The purpose of this review is to give an anatomical and physiological overview of the IC neural circuit. We address the functional organization of the IC where the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs interact to shape the responses of IC neurons to sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Ono
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Tetsufumi Ito
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
- Research and Education Program for Life Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
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34
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Shen L, Zhao L, Hong B. Frequency-specific adaptation and its underlying circuit model in the auditory midbrain. Front Neural Circuits 2015; 9:55. [PMID: 26483641 PMCID: PMC4589587 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2015.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptive fields of sensory neurons are considered to be dynamic and depend on the stimulus history. In the auditory system, evidence of dynamic frequency-receptive fields has been found following stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA). However, the underlying mechanism and circuitry of SSA have not been fully elucidated. Here, we studied how frequency-receptive fields of neurons in rat inferior colliculus (IC) changed when exposed to a biased tone sequence. Pure tone with one specific frequency (adaptor) was presented markedly more often than others. The adapted tuning was compared with the original tuning measured with an unbiased sequence. We found inhomogeneous changes in frequency tuning in IC, exhibiting a center-surround pattern with respect to the neuron's best frequency. Central adaptors elicited strong suppressive and repulsive changes while flank adaptors induced facilitative and attractive changes. Moreover, we proposed a two-layer model of the underlying network, which not only reproduced the adaptive changes in the receptive fields but also predicted novelty responses to oddball sequences. These results suggest that frequency-specific adaptation in auditory midbrain can be accounted for by an adapted frequency channel and its lateral spreading of adaptation, which shed light on the organization of the underlying circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijing, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijing, China
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35
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Tan XD, Peng X, Zhan CA, Wang T. Comparison of Auditory Middle-Latency Responses From Two Deconvolution Methods at 40 Hz. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 63:1157-66. [PMID: 26441440 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2485273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
GOAL Auditory middle-latency responses (MLRs) are reported to be particularly susceptible to stimulation rate. Deconvolution methods are necessary to unwrap the overlapping responses at a high rate under the linear superposition assumption. This study aims to investigate and compare the MLR characteristics at high and conventional stimulation rates. METHODS The characteristics were examined in healthy adults by using two closely related deconvolution paradigms, namely continuous-loop averaging deconvolution and multirate steady-state averaging deconvolution at a mean rate of 40 Hz, and a conventional low rate of 5 Hz. RESULTS The morphology and stability of the MLRs can benefit from a high-rate stimulation. It appears that stimulation sequencing strategies of deconvolution methods exerted divergent rate effects on MLR characteristics, which might be associated with different adaptation mechanisms. CONCLUSION MLRs obtained by two deconvolution methods and the conventional reference feature differently from one another. SIGNIFICANCE These findings have critical implications in our current understanding of the rate effects on MLR characteristics which may inspire further studies to explore the characteristics of evoked responses at high rates and deconvolution paradigms.
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36
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Lecaignard F, Bertrand O, Gimenez G, Mattout J, Caclin A. Implicit learning of predictable sound sequences modulates human brain responses at different levels of the auditory hierarchy. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:505. [PMID: 26441602 PMCID: PMC4584941 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deviant stimuli, violating regularities in a sensory environment, elicit the mismatch negativity (MMN), largely described in the Event-Related Potential literature. While it is widely accepted that the MMN reflects more than basic change detection, a comprehensive description of mental processes modulating this response is still lacking. Within the framework of predictive coding, deviance processing is part of an inference process where prediction errors (the mismatch between incoming sensations and predictions established through experience) are minimized. In this view, the MMN is a measure of prediction error, which yields specific expectations regarding its modulations by various experimental factors. In particular, it predicts that the MMN should decrease as the occurrence of a deviance becomes more predictable. We conducted a passive oddball EEG study and manipulated the predictability of sound sequences by means of different temporal structures. Importantly, our design allows comparing mismatch responses elicited by predictable and unpredictable violations of a simple repetition rule and therefore departs from previous studies that investigate violations of different time-scale regularities. We observed a decrease of the MMN with predictability and interestingly, a similar effect at earlier latencies, within 70 ms after deviance onset. Following these pre-attentive responses, a reduced P3a was measured in the case of predictable deviants. We conclude that early and late deviance responses reflect prediction errors, triggering belief updating within the auditory hierarchy. Beside, in this passive study, such perceptual inference appears to be modulated by higher-level implicit learning of sequence statistical structures. Our findings argue for a hierarchical model of auditory processing where predictive coding enables implicit extraction of environmental regularities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Lecaignard
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, INSERM, U1028 - CNRS, UMR5292, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team Lyon, France ; University Lyon 1 Lyon, France ; MEG Department, CERMEP Imaging Center Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Bertrand
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, INSERM, U1028 - CNRS, UMR5292, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team Lyon, France ; University Lyon 1 Lyon, France
| | | | - Jérémie Mattout
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, INSERM, U1028 - CNRS, UMR5292, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team Lyon, France ; University Lyon 1 Lyon, France
| | - Anne Caclin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, INSERM, U1028 - CNRS, UMR5292, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team Lyon, France ; University Lyon 1 Lyon, France
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37
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Prešern J, Triblehorn JD, Schul J. Dynamic dendritic compartmentalization underlies stimulus-specific adaptation in an insect neuron. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:3787-97. [PMID: 25878158 PMCID: PMC4473517 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00945.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In many neural systems, repeated stimulation leads to stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA), with responses to repeated signals being reduced while responses to novel stimuli remain unaffected. The underlying mechanisms of SSA remain mostly hypothetical. One hypothesis is that dendritic processes generate SSA. Evidence for such a mechanism was recently described in an insect auditory interneuron (TN-1 in Neoconocephalus triops). Afferents, tuned to different frequencies, connect with different parts of the TN-1 dendrite. The specific adaptation of these inputs relies on calcium and sodium accumulation within the dendrite, with calcium having a transient and sodium a tonic effect. Using imaging techniques, we tested here whether the accumulation of these ions remained limited to the stimulated parts of the dendrite. Stimulation with a fast pulse rate, which results in strong adaptation, elicited a transient dendritic calcium signal. In contrast, the sodium signal was tonic, remaining high during the fast pulse rate stimulus. These time courses followed the predictions from the previous pharmacological experiments. The peak positions of the calcium and sodium signals differed with the carrier frequency of the stimulus; at 15 kHz, peak locations were significantly more rostral than at 40 kHz. This matched the predictions made from neuroanatomical data. Our findings confirm that excitatory postsynaptic potentials rather than spiking cause the increase of dendritic calcium and sodium concentrations and that these increases remain limited to the stimulated parts of the dendrite. This supports the hypothesis of "dynamic dendritic compartmentalization" underlying SSA in this auditory interneuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janez Prešern
- University of Missouri, Biological Sciences, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey D Triblehorn
- University of Missouri, Biological Sciences, Columbia, Missouri; College of Charleston, Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Johannes Schul
- University of Missouri, Biological Sciences, Columbia, Missouri;
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38
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Ayala YA, Udeh A, Dutta K, Bishop D, Malmierca MS, Oliver DL. Differences in the strength of cortical and brainstem inputs to SSA and non-SSA neurons in the inferior colliculus. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10383. [PMID: 25993334 PMCID: PMC4438612 DOI: 10.1038/srep10383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In an ever changing auditory scene, change detection is an ongoing task performed by the auditory brain. Neurons in the midbrain and auditory cortex that exhibit stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) may contribute to this process. Those neurons adapt to frequent sounds while retaining their excitability to rare sounds. Here, we test whether neurons exhibiting SSA and those without are part of the same networks in the inferior colliculus (IC). We recorded the responses to frequent and rare sounds and then marked the sites of these neurons with a retrograde tracer to correlate the source of projections with the physiological response. SSA neurons were confined to the non-lemniscal subdivisions and exhibited broad receptive fields, while the non-SSA were confined to the central nucleus and displayed narrow receptive fields. SSA neurons receive strong inputs from auditory cortical areas and very poor or even absent projections from the brainstem nuclei. On the contrary, the major sources of inputs to the neurons that lacked SSA were from the brainstem nuclei. These findings demonstrate that auditory cortical inputs are biased in favor of IC synaptic domains that are populated by SSA neurons enabling them to compare top-down signals with incoming sensory information from lower areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaneri A Ayala
- Auditory Neurophysiology Laboratory. Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla Y León, University of Salamanca, C/Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Adanna Udeh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3401, USA
| | - Kelsey Dutta
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3401, USA
| | - Deborah Bishop
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3401, USA
| | - Manuel S Malmierca
- 1] Auditory Neurophysiology Laboratory. Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla Y León, University of Salamanca, C/Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007 Salamanca, Spain [2] Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3401, USA [3] Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Douglas L Oliver
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3401, USA
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Markovitz CD, Hogan PS, Wesen KA, Lim HH. Pairing broadband noise with cortical stimulation induces extensive suppression of ascending sensory activity. J Neural Eng 2015; 12:026006. [PMID: 25686163 PMCID: PMC4359690 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/2/026006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The corticofugal system can alter coding along the ascending sensory pathway. Within the auditory system, electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex (AC) paired with a pure tone can cause egocentric shifts in the tuning of auditory neurons, making them more sensitive to the pure tone frequency. Since tinnitus has been linked with hyperactivity across auditory neurons, we sought to develop a new neuromodulation approach that could suppress a wide range of neurons rather than enhance specific frequency-tuned neurons. APPROACH We performed experiments in the guinea pig to assess the effects of cortical stimulation paired with broadband noise (PN-Stim) on ascending auditory activity within the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (CNIC), a widely studied region for AC stimulation paradigms. MAIN RESULTS All eight stimulated AC subregions induced extensive suppression of activity across the CNIC that was not possible with noise stimulation alone. This suppression built up over time and remained after the PN-Stim paradigm. SIGNIFICANCE We propose that the corticofugal system is designed to decrease the brain's input gain to irrelevant stimuli and PN-Stim is able to artificially amplify this effect to suppress neural firing across the auditory system. The PN-Stim concept may have potential for treating tinnitus and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig D. Markovitz
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Patrick S. Hogan
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Kyle A. Wesen
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Hubert H. Lim
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Minneapolis, MN USA
- University of Minnesota, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Minneapolis, MN USA
- University of Minnesota, Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Minneapolis, MN USA
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40
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Malmierca MS, Anderson LA, Antunes FM. The cortical modulation of stimulus-specific adaptation in the auditory midbrain and thalamus: a potential neuronal correlate for predictive coding. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:19. [PMID: 25805974 PMCID: PMC4353371 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To follow an ever-changing auditory scene, the auditory brain is continuously creating a representation of the past to form expectations about the future. Unexpected events will produce an error in the predictions that should “trigger” the network’s response. Indeed, neurons in the auditory midbrain, thalamus and cortex, respond to rarely occurring sounds while adapting to frequently repeated ones, i.e., they exhibit stimulus specific adaptation (SSA). SSA cannot be explained solely by intrinsic membrane properties, but likely involves the participation of the network. Thus, SSA is envisaged as a high order form of adaptation that requires the influence of cortical areas. However, present research supports the hypothesis that SSA, at least in its simplest form (i.e., to frequency deviants), can be transmitted in a bottom-up manner through the auditory pathway. Here, we briefly review the underlying neuroanatomy of the corticofugal projections before discussing state of the art studies which demonstrate that SSA present in the medial geniculate body (MGB) and inferior colliculus (IC) is not inherited from the cortex but can be modulated by the cortex via the corticofugal pathways. By modulating the gain of neurons in the thalamus and midbrain, the auditory cortex (AC) would refine SSA subcortically, preventing irrelevant information from reaching the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel S Malmierca
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain ; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lucy A Anderson
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - Flora M Antunes
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
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41
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Parto Dezfouli M, Daliri MR. The effect of adaptation on the tuning curves of rat auditory cortex. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115621. [PMID: 25719404 PMCID: PMC4342246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated stimulus causes a specific suppression of neuronal responses, which is so-called as Stimulus-Specific Adaptation (SSA). This effect can be recovered when the stimulus changes. In the auditory system SSA is a well-known phenomenon that appears at different levels of the mammalian auditory pathway. In this study, we explored the effects of adaptation to a particular stimulus on the auditory tuning curves of anesthetized rats. We used two sequences and compared the responses of each tone combination in these two conditions. First sequence consists of different pure tone combinations that were presented randomly. In the second one, the same stimuli of the first sequence were presented in the context of an adapted stimulus (adapter) that occupied 80% of sequence probability. The population results demonstrated that the adaptation factor decreased the frequency response area and made a change in the tuning curve to shift it unevenly toward the higher thresholds of tones. The local field potentials and multi-unit activity responses have indicated that the neural activities strength of the adapted frequency has been suppressed as well as with lower suppression in neighboring frequencies. This aforementioned reduction changed the characteristic frequency of the tuning curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Parto Dezfouli
- Biomedical Engineering Department and Iran Neural Technology Centre (INTC), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846–13114 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Daliri
- Biomedical Engineering Department and Iran Neural Technology Centre (INTC), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846–13114 Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Herrmann B, Henry MJ, Fromboluti EK, McAuley JD, Obleser J. Statistical context shapes stimulus-specific adaptation in human auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:2582-91. [PMID: 25652920 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00634.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulus-specific adaptation is the phenomenon whereby neural response magnitude decreases with repeated stimulation. Inconsistencies between recent nonhuman animal recordings and computational modeling suggest dynamic influences on stimulus-specific adaptation. The present human electroencephalography (EEG) study investigates the potential role of statistical context in dynamically modulating stimulus-specific adaptation by examining the auditory cortex-generated N1 and P2 components. As in previous studies of stimulus-specific adaptation, listeners were presented with oddball sequences in which the presentation of a repeated tone was infrequently interrupted by rare spectral changes taking on three different magnitudes. Critically, the statistical context varied with respect to the probability of small versus large spectral changes within oddball sequences (half of the time a small change was most probable; in the other half a large change was most probable). We observed larger N1 and P2 amplitudes (i.e., release from adaptation) for all spectral changes in the small-change compared with the large-change statistical context. The increase in response magnitude also held for responses to tones presented with high probability, indicating that statistical adaptation can overrule stimulus probability per se in its influence on neural responses. Computational modeling showed that the degree of coadaptation in auditory cortex changed depending on the statistical context, which in turn affected stimulus-specific adaptation. Thus the present data demonstrate that stimulus-specific adaptation in human auditory cortex critically depends on statistical context. Finally, the present results challenge the implicit assumption of stationarity of neural response magnitudes that governs the practice of isolating established deviant-detection responses such as the mismatch negativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Herrmann
- Max Planck Research Group "Auditory Cognition," Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Molly J Henry
- Max Planck Research Group "Auditory Cognition," Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | | | - J Devin McAuley
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jonas Obleser
- Max Planck Research Group "Auditory Cognition," Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; and
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Campbell TA. A theory of attentional modulations of the supratemporal generation of the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN). Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 8:1065. [PMID: 25688198 PMCID: PMC4310267 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom A Campbell
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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44
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Cook PF, Carrington JM, Schmiege SJ, Starr W, Reeder B. A counselor in your pocket: feasibility of mobile health tailored messages to support HIV medication adherence. Patient Prefer Adherence 2015; 9:1353-66. [PMID: 26491263 PMCID: PMC4599065 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s88222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Medication adherence is a major challenge in HIV treatment. New mobile technologies such as smartphones facilitate the delivery of brief tailored messages to promote adherence. However, the best approach for tailoring messages is unknown. Persons living with HIV (PLWH) might be more receptive to some messages than others based on their current psychological state. METHODS We recruited 37 PLWH from a parent study of motivational states and adherence. Participants completed smartphone-based surveys at a random time every day for 2 weeks, then immediately received intervention or control tailored messages, depending on random assignment. After 2 weeks in the initial condition, participants received the other condition in a crossover design. Intervention messages were tailored to match PLWH's current psychological state based on five variables - control beliefs, mood, stress, coping, and social support. Control messages were tailored to create a mismatch between message framing and participants' current psychological state. We evaluated intervention feasibility based on acceptance, ease of use, and usefulness measures. We also used pilot randomized controlled trial methods to test the intervention's effect on adherence, which was measured using electronic caps that recorded pill-bottle openings. RESULTS Acceptance was high based on 76% enrollment and 85% satisfaction. Participants found the hardware and software easy to use. However, attrition was high at 59%, and usefulness ratings were slightly lower. The most common complaint was boredom. Unexpectedly, there was no difference between mismatched and matched messages' effects, but each group showed a 10%-15% improvement in adherence after crossing to the opposite study condition. CONCLUSION Although smartphone-based tailored messaging was feasible and participants had clinically meaningful improvements in adherence, the mechanisms of change require further study. Possible explanations might include novelty effects, increased receptiveness to new information after habituation, or pseudotailoring, three ways in which attentional processes can affect behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Cook
- University of Colorado College of Nursing, Aurora, CO, USA
- Correspondence: Paul F Cook, University of Colorado College of Nursing, Campus Box C288-04, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, Tel +1 303 724 8537, Fax +1 303 724 8560, Email
| | | | | | - Whitney Starr
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Blaine Reeder
- University of Colorado College of Nursing, Aurora, CO, USA
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Raviv O, Lieder I, Loewenstein Y, Ahissar M. Contradictory behavioral biases result from the influence of past stimuli on perception. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003948. [PMID: 25474117 PMCID: PMC4256013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biases such as the preference of a particular response for no obvious reason, are an integral part of psychophysics. Such biases have been reported in the common two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) experiments, where participants are instructed to compare two consecutively presented stimuli. However, the principles underlying these biases are largely unknown and previous studies have typically used ad-hoc explanations to account for them. Here we consider human performance in the 2AFC tone frequency discrimination task, utilizing two standard protocols. In both protocols, each trial contains a reference stimulus. In one (Reference-Lower protocol), the frequency of the reference stimulus is always lower than that of the comparison stimulus, whereas in the other (Reference protocol), the frequency of the reference stimulus is either lower or higher than that of the comparison stimulus. We find substantial interval biases. Namely, participants perform better when the reference is in a specific interval. Surprisingly, the biases in the two experiments are opposite: performance is better when the reference is in the first interval in the Reference protocol, but is better when the reference is second in the Reference-Lower protocol. This inconsistency refutes previous accounts of the interval bias, and is resolved when experiments statistics is considered. Viewing perception as incorporation of sensory input with prior knowledge accumulated during the experiment accounts for the seemingly contradictory biases both qualitatively and quantitatively. The success of this account implies that even simple discriminations reflect a combination of sensory limitations, memory limitations, and the ability to utilize stimuli statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofri Raviv
- The Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Itay Lieder
- The Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yonatan Loewenstein
- The Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Departments of Neurobiology and Cognitive Sciences and the Center for the Study of Rationality, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Merav Ahissar
- The Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Departments of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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46
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Ito T, Hirose J, Murase K, Ikeda H. Determining auditory-evoked activities from multiple cells in layer 1 of the dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus of mice by in vivo calcium imaging. Brain Res 2014; 1590:45-55. [PMID: 25278189 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Layer 1 of the dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus (DCIC) is distinguished from other layers by its cytoarchitecture and fiber connections. However, the information of the sound types represented in layer 1 of the DCIC remains unclear because placing electrodes on such thin structures is challenging. In this study, we utilized in vivo calcium imaging to assess auditory-evoked activities in multiple cells in layer 1 of DCIC and to characterize sound stimuli producing strong activity. Most cells examined showed strong responses to broad-band noise and low-frequency tone bursts of high sound intensity. In some cases, we successfully obtained frequency response areas, which are receptive fields to tone frequencies and intensities, and ~30% of these showed V-shape tunings. This is the first systematic study to record auditory responses of cells in layer 1 of DCIC. These results indicate that cells in this area are selective to tones with low frequency, implying the importance of such auditory information in the neural circuitry of layer 1 of DCIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsufumi Ito
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Research and Education Program for Life Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
| | - Junichi Hirose
- Department of Human and Artificial Intelligence Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Murase
- Research and Education Program for Life Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; Department of Human and Artificial Intelligence Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Research and Education Program for Life Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; Department of Human and Artificial Intelligence Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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47
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Christianson GB, Chait M, de Cheveigné A, Linden JF. Auditory evoked fields measured noninvasively with small-animal MEG reveal rapid repetition suppression in the guinea pig. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:3053-65. [PMID: 25231619 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00189.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal models, single-neuron response properties such as stimulus-specific adaptation have been described as possible precursors to mismatch negativity, a human brain response to stimulus change. In the present study, we attempted to bridge the gap between human and animal studies by characterising responses to changes in the frequency of repeated tone series in the anesthetised guinea pig using small-animal magnetoencephalography (MEG). We showed that 1) auditory evoked fields (AEFs) qualitatively similar to those observed in human MEG studies can be detected noninvasively in rodents using small-animal MEG; 2) guinea pig AEF amplitudes reduce rapidly with tone repetition, and this AEF reduction is largely complete by the second tone in a repeated series; and 3) differences between responses to the first (deviant) and later (standard) tones after a frequency transition resemble those previously observed in awake humans using a similar stimulus paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Chait
- Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alain de Cheveigné
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and École normale supérieure, Paris, France; and
| | - Jennifer F Linden
- Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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48
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Duque D, Malmierca MS. Stimulus-specific adaptation in the inferior colliculus of the mouse: anesthesia and spontaneous activity effects. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:3385-98. [PMID: 25115620 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rapid behavioral responses to unexpected events in the acoustic environment are critical for survival. Stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) is the process whereby some auditory neurons respond better to rare stimuli than to repetitive stimuli. Most experiments on SSA have been performed under anesthesia, and it is unknown if SSA sensitivity is altered by the anesthetic agent. Only a direct comparison can answer this question. Here, we recorded extracellular single units in the inferior colliculus of awake and anesthetized mice under an oddball paradigm that elicits SSA. Our results demonstrate that SSA is similar, but not identical, in the awake and anesthetized preparations. The differences are mostly due to the higher spontaneous activity observed in the awake animals, which also revealed a high incidence of inhibitory receptive fields. We conclude that SSA is not an artifact of anesthesia and that spontaneous activity modulates neuronal SSA differentially, depending on the state of arousal. Our results suggest that SSA may be especially important when nervous system activity is suppressed during sleep-like states. This may be a useful survival mechanism that allows the organism to respond to danger when sleeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Duque
- Auditory Neurophysiology Unit, Laboratory for the Neurobiology of Hearing, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla Y León, University of Salamanca, C/Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel S Malmierca
- Auditory Neurophysiology Unit, Laboratory for the Neurobiology of Hearing, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla Y León, University of Salamanca, C/Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Eliades SJ, Crone NE, Anderson WS, Ramadoss D, Lenz FA, Boatman-Reich D. Adaptation of high-gamma responses in human auditory association cortex. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:2147-63. [PMID: 25122702 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00207.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates adaptation of high-frequency cortical responses [>60 Hz; high-gamma (HG)] to simple and complex sounds in human nonprimary auditory cortex. We used intracranial electrocorticographic recordings to measure event-related changes in HG power as a function of stimulus probability. Tone and speech stimuli were presented in a series of traditional oddball and control paradigms. We hypothesized that HG power attenuates with stimulus repetition over multiple concurrent time scales in auditory association cortex. Time-frequency analyses were performed to identify auditory-responsive sites. Single-trial analyses and quantitative modeling were then used to measure trial-to-trial changes in HG power for high (frequent), low (infrequent), and equal (control) stimulus probabilities. Results show strong reduction of HG responses to frequently repeated tones and speech, with no differences in responses to infrequent and equal-probability stimuli. Adaptation of the HG frequent response, and not stimulus-acoustic differences or deviance-detection enhancement effects, accounted for the differential responses observed for frequent and infrequent sounds. Adaptation of HG responses showed a rapid onset (less than two trials) with slower adaptation between consecutive, repeated trials (2-10 s) and across trials in a stimulus block (∼7 min). The auditory-evoked N100 response also showed repetition-related adaptation, consistent with previous human scalp and animal single-unit recordings. These findings indicate that HG responses are highly sensitive to the regularities of simple and complex auditory events and show adaptation on multiple concurrent time scales in human auditory association cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Eliades
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - William S Anderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deepti Ramadoss
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Frederick A Lenz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dana Boatman-Reich
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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50
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Miller-Sims VC, Bottjer SW. Development of neural responsivity to vocal sounds in higher level auditory cortex of songbirds. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:81-94. [PMID: 24694936 PMCID: PMC4499030 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00484.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Like humans, songbirds learn vocal sounds from "tutors" during a sensitive period of development. Vocal learning in songbirds therefore provides a powerful model system for investigating neural mechanisms by which memories of learned vocal sounds are stored. This study examined whether NCM (caudo-medial nidopallium), a region of higher level auditory cortex in songbirds, serves as a locus where a neural memory of tutor sounds is acquired during early stages of vocal learning. NCM neurons respond well to complex auditory stimuli, and evoked activity in many NCM neurons habituates such that the response to a stimulus that is heard repeatedly decreases to approximately one-half its original level (stimulus-specific adaptation). The rate of neural habituation serves as an index of familiarity, being low for familiar sounds, but high for novel sounds. We found that response strength across different song stimuli was higher in NCM neurons of adult zebra finches than in juveniles, and that only adult NCM responded selectively to tutor song. The rate of habituation across both tutor song and novel conspecific songs was lower in adult than in juvenile NCM, indicating higher familiarity and a more persistent response to song stimuli in adults. In juvenile birds that have memorized tutor vocal sounds, neural habituation was higher for tutor song than for a familiar conspecific song. This unexpected result suggests that the response to tutor song in NCM at this age may be subject to top-down influences that maintain the tutor song as a salient stimulus, despite its high level of familiarity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah W Bottjer
- Section of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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