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Qu W, Wu X, Wu W, Wang Y, Sun Y, Deng L, Walker M, Chen C, Dai H, Han Q, Ding Y, Xia Y, Smith G, Li R, Liu NK, Xu XM. Chondroitinase ABC combined with Schwann cell transplantation enhances restoration of neural connection and functional recovery following acute and chronic spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1467-1482. [PMID: 39075913 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202505000-00029/figure1/v/2024-07-28T173839Z/r/image-tiff Schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties. A the Food and Drug Administration-approved Phase I clinical trial has been conducted to evaluate the safety of transplanted human autologous Schwann cells to treat patients with spinal cord injury. A major challenge for Schwann cell transplantation is that grafted Schwann cells are confined within the lesion cavity, and they do not migrate into the host environment due to the inhibitory barrier formed by injury-induced glial scar, thus limiting axonal reentry into the host spinal cord. Here we introduce a combinatorial strategy by suppressing the inhibitory extracellular environment with injection of lentivirus-mediated transfection of chondroitinase ABC gene at the rostral and caudal borders of the lesion site and simultaneously leveraging the repair capacity of transplanted Schwann cells in adult rats following a mid-thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. We report that when the glial scar was degraded by chondroitinase ABC at the rostral and caudal lesion borders, Schwann cells migrated for considerable distances in both rostral and caudal directions. Such Schwann cell migration led to enhanced axonal regrowth, including the serotonergic and dopaminergic axons originating from supraspinal regions, and promoted recovery of locomotor and urinary bladder functions. Importantly, the Schwann cell survival and axonal regrowth persisted up to 6 months after the injury, even when treatment was delayed for 3 months to mimic chronic spinal cord injury. These findings collectively show promising evidence for a combinatorial strategy with chondroitinase ABC and Schwann cells in promoting remodeling and recovery of function following spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Qu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Hand Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiangbing Wu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lingxiao Deng
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa Walker
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heqiao Dai
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Qi Han
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yongzhi Xia
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - George Smith
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Nai-Kui Liu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Blitz DM. Neural circuit regulation by identified modulatory projection neurons. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1154769. [PMID: 37008233 PMCID: PMC10063799 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1154769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic behaviors (e.g., walking, breathing, and chewing) are produced by central pattern generator (CPG) circuits. These circuits are highly dynamic due to a multitude of input they receive from hormones, sensory neurons, and modulatory projection neurons. Such inputs not only turn CPG circuits on and off, but they adjust their synaptic and cellular properties to select behaviorally relevant outputs that last from seconds to hours. Similar to the contributions of fully identified connectomes to establishing general principles of circuit function and flexibility, identified modulatory neurons have enabled key insights into neural circuit modulation. For instance, while bath-applying neuromodulators continues to be an important approach to studying neural circuit modulation, this approach does not always mimic the neural circuit response to neuronal release of the same modulator. There is additional complexity in the actions of neuronally-released modulators due to: (1) the prevalence of co-transmitters, (2) local- and long-distance feedback regulating the timing of (co-)release, and (3) differential regulation of co-transmitter release. Identifying the physiological stimuli (e.g., identified sensory neurons) that activate modulatory projection neurons has demonstrated multiple “modulatory codes” for selecting particular circuit outputs. In some cases, population coding occurs, and in others circuit output is determined by the firing pattern and rate of the modulatory projection neurons. The ability to perform electrophysiological recordings and manipulations of small populations of identified neurons at multiple levels of rhythmic motor systems remains an important approach for determining the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying the rapid adaptability of rhythmic neural circuits.
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Haddad R, Panicker JN, Verbakel I, Dhondt K, Ghijselings L, Hervé F, Petrovic M, Whishaw M, Bliwise DL, Everaert K. The low dopamine hypothesis: A plausible mechanism underpinning residual urine, overactive bladder and nocturia (RON) syndrome in older patients. Prog Urol 2023; 33:155-171. [PMID: 36710124 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging is associated with a combination of several lower urinary tract (LUT) signs and symptoms, including residual urine, overactive bladder and nocturia. One of the mechanisms of this LUT dysfunction that has not been discussed in dept so far is the role of dopamine (DA). METHODS In this narrative review, we explore the dopaminergic hypothesis in the development of this combination of LUT signs and symptoms in older adults. RESULTS DA is one of the neurotransmitters whose regulation and production is disrupted in aging. In synucleinopathies, altered DAergic activity is associated with the occurrence of LUTS and sleep disorders. Projections of DAergic neurons are involved in the regulation of sleep, diuresis, and bladder activity. The low dopamine hypothesis could explain the genesis of a set of LUT signs and symptoms commonly seen in this population, including elevated residual urine, Overactive bladder syndrome and Nocturia (discussed as the RON syndrome). This presentation is however also common in older patients without synucleinopathies or neurological disorders and therefore we hypothesise that altered DAergic activity because of pathological aging, and selective destruction of DAergic neurons, could underpin the presentation of this triad of LUT dysfunction in the older population. CONCLUSION The concept of RON syndrome helps to better understand this common phenotypic presentation in clinical practice, and therefore serves as a useful platform to diagnose and treat LUTS in older adults. Besides recognizing the synucleinopathy "red flag" symptoms, this set of multi-causal LUT signs and symptoms highlights the inevitable need for combination therapy, a challenge in older people with their comorbidities and concomitant medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Haddad
- Department of Urology, NOPIA Research Group, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; GRC 001 GREEN Neuro-Urology Research Group, Sorbonne Université, Rothschild Academic Hospital, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - J N Panicker
- Department of Uro-Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - I Verbakel
- Department of Urology, NOPIA Research Group, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Dhondt
- Department of Psychiatry, Pediatric sleep center, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Ghijselings
- Department of Urology, NOPIA Research Group, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Hervé
- Department of Urology, NOPIA Research Group, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Urology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Petrovic
- Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Whishaw
- Department of Aged Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D L Bliwise
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - K Everaert
- Department of Urology, NOPIA Research Group, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Psychostimulant Drugs Activate Cell-type Specific and Topographic cFos Expression in the Lumbar Spinal Cord. Neuroscience 2023; 510:9-20. [PMID: 36502959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Psychostimulant drugs, such as cocaine, d-amphetamine and methylphenidate, alter a wide range of behaviors including locomotor activity and somatosensory perception. These altered behaviors are accompanied by the activation of specific neuronal populations within reward-, emotion- and locomotion-related circuits. However, whether such regulation occurs at the level of the spinal cord, a key node for neural circuits integrating and coordinating sensory and motor functions has never been addressed. By evaluating the temporal and spatial expression pattern of the phosphorylated form of the immediate early gene cFos at Ser32 (pS32-cFos), used as a proxy of neuronal activation, we demonstrate that, in adult male mice, d-amphetamine increases pS32-cFos expression in both inhibitory and excitatory neurons in dorsal and ventral horns at the lumbar spinal cord level. Interestingly, a fraction of neurons activated by a first exposure to d-amphetamine can be re-activated following d-amphetamine re-exposure. Similar expression patterns were observed in response to cocaine and methylphenidate, but not following morphine and dozilcipine administration. Finally, the blockade of dopamine reuptake was sufficient to recapitulate the increase in pS32-cFos expression induced by psychostimulant drugs. Our work provides evidence that cFos expression can be activated in lumbar spinal cord in response to acute psychostimulants administration.
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Silvani A, Ghorayeb I, Manconi M, Li Y, Clemens S. Putative Animal Models of Restless Legs Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Evaluation of Their Face and Construct Validity. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:154-178. [PMID: 36536233 PMCID: PMC10119375 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder that severely affects sleep. It is characterized by an urge to move the legs, which is often accompanied by periodic limb movements during sleep. RLS has a high prevalence in the population and is usually a life-long condition. While its origins remain unclear, RLS is initially highly responsive to treatment with dopaminergic agonists that target D2-like receptors, in particular D2 and D3, but the long-term response is often unsatisfactory. Over the years, several putative animal models for RLS have been developed, mainly based on the epidemiological and neurochemical link with iron deficiency, treatment efficacy of D2-like dopaminergic agonists, or genome-wide association studies that identified risk factors in the patient population. Here, we present the first systematic review of putative animal models of RLS, provide information about their face and construct validity, and report their role in deciphering the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that may cause or contribute to RLS. We propose that identifying the causal links between genetic risk factors, altered organ functions, and changes to molecular pathways in neural circuitry will eventually lead to more effective new treatment options that bypass the side effects of the currently used therapeutics in RLS, especially for long-term therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Silvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Imad Ghorayeb
- Département de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mauro Manconi
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Ospedale Civico, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stefan Clemens
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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Jeong S, Jang S, Kim SS, Bae MA, Shin J, Lee KB, Kim KT. Size-dependent seizurogenic effect of polystyrene microplastics in zebrafish embryos. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129616. [PMID: 36104895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP) size on neurotoxicity remain to be evaluated at various microsizes, and the seizurogenic effects of PS-MPs are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the swimming behavior of zebrafish larvae under light-dark transitions after exposure to four PS-MP sizes (i.e., 1, 6, 10, and 25 μm) at concentrations of 500, 5,000, and 50,000 particles/mL. Changes in electroencephalographic signals, seizure-related gene expression, and neurochemical concentrations were measured. Locomotor activity was inhibited only by 10-μm PS-MPs. According to electroencephalographic signals, the number and total duration of seizure-like events significantly increased by 10-μm PS-MPs, which was confirmed by the altered expression of seizure-related genes c-fos and pvalb5. Additionally, an increase in the levels of neurochemicals choline, betaine, dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid indicated that the observed hypoactivity and seizure-like behavior were associated with the dysregulation of the cholinergic, dopaminergic, and GABAergic systems. Overall, these findings demonstrate that exposure to PS-MPs can potentially cause seizurogenic effects in developing zebrafish embryos, and we highlight that PS-MPs 10 µm in size dominantly affect neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Jeong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Sciences and Technology, Seoul 01811, the Republic of Korea
| | - Soogyeong Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Sciences and Technology, Seoul 01811, the Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soon Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ki-Baek Lee
- Zefit Inc., Daegu 42988, the Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Sciences and Technology, Seoul 01811, the Republic of Korea.
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Spinal Cord Circuits: Models and Reality. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-022-09927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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8
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Son JH, Gerenza AK, Bingener GM, Bonkowsky JL. Hypoplasia of dopaminergic neurons by hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity is associated with disrupted swimming development of larval zebrafish. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:963037. [PMID: 36212692 PMCID: PMC9540391 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.963037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic injury to the developing brain increases the risk of permanent behavioral deficits, but the precise mechanisms of hypoxic injury to the developing nervous system are poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the effects of developmental hypoxia (1% pO2 from 24 to 48 h post-fertilization, hpf) on diencephalic dopaminergic (DA) neurons in larval zebrafish and the consequences on the development of swimming behavior. Hypoxia reduced the number of diencephalic DA neurons at 48 hpf. Returning zebrafish larvae to normoxia after the hypoxia (i.e., hypoxia-recovery, HR) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Real-time qPCR results showed that HR caused upregulation of proapoptotic genes, including p53 and caspase3, suggesting the potential for ROS-induced cell death. With HR, we also found an increase in TUNEL-positive DA neurons, a persistent reduction in the number of diencephalic DA neurons, and disrupted swimming development and behavior. Interestingly, post-hypoxia (HR) with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine partially restored the number of DA neurons and spontaneous swimming behavior, demonstrating potential recovery from hypoxic injury. The present study provides new insights for understanding the mechanisms responsible for motor disability due to developmental hypoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyun Son
- Department of Biology, Neuroscience Program, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jong-Hyun Son,
| | - Amanda K. Gerenza
- Department of Biology, Neuroscience Program, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
| | - Gabrielle M. Bingener
- Department of Biology, Neuroscience Program, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
| | - Joshua L. Bonkowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Brain and Spine Center, Primary Children’s Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Piña-Leyva C, Lara-Lozano M, Rodríguez-Sánchez M, Vidal-Cantú GC, Barrientos Zavalza E, Jiménez-Estrada I, Delgado-Lezama R, Rodríguez-Sosa L, Granados-Soto V, González-Barrios JA, Florán-Garduño B. Hypothalamic A11 Nuclei Regulate the Circadian Rhythm of Spinal Mechanonociception through Dopamine Receptors and Clock Gene Expression. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091411. [PMID: 36143447 PMCID: PMC9506518 DOI: 10.3390/life12091411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of sensory perception have circadian rhythms. The spinal cord can be considered a center for controlling circadian rhythms by changing clock gene expression. However, to date, it is not known if mechanonociception itself has a circadian rhythm. The hypothalamic A11 area represents the primary source of dopamine (DA) in the spinal cord and has been found to be involved in clock gene expression and circadian rhythmicity. Here, we investigate if the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) has a circadian rhythm, as well as the role of the dopaminergic A11 nucleus, DA, and DA receptors (DR) in the PWT circadian rhythm and if they modify clock gene expression in the lumbar spinal cord. Naïve rats showed a circadian rhythm of the PWT of almost 24 h, beginning during the night–day interphase and peaking at 14.63 h. Similarly, DA and DOPAC’s spinal contents increased at dusk and reached their maximum contents at noon. The injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the A11 nucleus completely abolished the circadian rhythm of the PWT, reduced DA tissue content in the lumbar spinal cord, and induced tactile allodynia. Likewise, the repeated intrathecal administration of D1-like and D2-like DA receptor antagonists blunted the circadian rhythm of PWT. 6-OHDA reduced the expression of Clock and Per1 and increased Per2 gene expression during the day. In contrast, 6-OHDA diminished Clock, Bmal, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, and Cry2 at night. The repeated intrathecal administration of the D1-like antagonist (SCH-23390) reduced clock genes throughout the day (Clock and Per2) and throughout the night (Clock, Per2 and Cry1), whereas it increased Bmal and Per1 throughout the day. In contrast, the intrathecal injection of the D2 receptor antagonists (L-741,626) increased the clock genes Bmal, Per2, and Per3 and decreased Per1 throughout the day. This study provides evidence that the circadian rhythm of the PWT results from the descending dopaminergic modulation of spinal clock genes induced by the differential activation of spinal DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Piña-Leyva
- · Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, Av. No. 2508 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 06760, Mexico
| | - Manuel Lara-Lozano
- · Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, Av. No. 2508 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 06760, Mexico
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Regional Hospital “October 1st”, ISSSTE, Av. No. 1669 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Marina Rodríguez-Sánchez
- · Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, Av. No. 2508 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 06760, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe C. Vidal-Cantú
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacología, Cinvestav, Sede Sur, México City 14330, Mexico
| | - Ericka Barrientos Zavalza
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | - Ismael Jiménez-Estrada
- · Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, Av. No. 2508 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 06760, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Delgado-Lezama
- · Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, Av. No. 2508 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 06760, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Rodríguez-Sosa
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Vinicio Granados-Soto
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacología, Cinvestav, Sede Sur, México City 14330, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio González-Barrios
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Regional Hospital “October 1st”, ISSSTE, Av. No. 1669 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.A.G.-B.); (B.F.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-81077971 (J.A.G.-B.); +52-55-13848283 (B.F.-G.)
| | - Benjamín Florán-Garduño
- · Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, Av. No. 2508 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 06760, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.A.G.-B.); (B.F.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-81077971 (J.A.G.-B.); +52-55-13848283 (B.F.-G.)
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Kaźmierczak M, Nicola SM. The Arousal-motor Hypothesis of Dopamine Function: Evidence that Dopamine Facilitates Reward Seeking in Part by Maintaining Arousal. Neuroscience 2022; 499:64-103. [PMID: 35853563 PMCID: PMC9479757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine facilitates approach to reward via its actions on dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens. For example, blocking either D1 or D2 dopamine receptors in the accumbens reduces the proportion of reward-predictive cues to which rats respond with cued approach. Recent evidence indicates that accumbens dopamine also promotes wakefulness and arousal, but the relationship between dopamine's roles in arousal and reward seeking remains unexplored. Here, we show that the ability of systemic or intra-accumbens injections of the D1 antagonist SCH23390 to reduce cued approach to reward depends on the animal's state of arousal. Handling the animal, a manipulation known to increase arousal, was sufficient to reverse the behavioral effects of the antagonist. In addition, SCH23390 reduced spontaneous locomotion and increased time spent in sleep postures, both consistent with reduced arousal, but also increased time spent immobile in postures inconsistent with sleep. In contrast, the ability of the D2 antagonist haloperidol to reduce cued approach was not reversible by handling. Haloperidol reduced spontaneous locomotion but did not increase sleep postures, instead increasing immobility in non-sleep postures. We place these results in the context of the extensive literature on dopamine's contributions to behavior, and propose the arousal-motor hypothesis. This novel synthesis, which proposes that two main functions of dopamine are to promote arousal and facilitate motor behavior, accounts both for our findings and many previous behavioral observations that have led to disparate and conflicting conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kaźmierczak
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Forchheimer 111, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Saleem M Nicola
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Forchheimer 111, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Chen B, Li F, Jia B, So KF, Wei JA, Liu Y, Qu Y, Zhou L. Celsr3 Inactivation in the Brainstem Impairs Rubrospinal Tract Development and Mouse Behaviors in Motor Coordination and Mechanic-Induced Response. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5179-5192. [PMID: 35678978 PMCID: PMC9363480 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of Celsr3 in the forebrain results in defects of longitudinal axonal tracts such as the corticospinal tract. In this study, we inactivated Celsr3 in the brainstem using En1-Cre mice (Celsr3 cKO) and analyzed axonal and behavioral phenotypes. Celsr3 cKO animals showed an 83% reduction of rubrospinal axons and 30% decrease of corticospinal axons in spinal segments, associated with increased branching of dopaminergic fibers in the ventral horn. Decreases of spinal motoneurons, neuromuscular junctions, and electromyographic signal amplitude of the biceps were also found in mutant animals. Mutant mice had impaired motor coordination and defective response to heavy mechanical stimulation, but no disability in walking and food pellet handling. Transsynaptic tracing demonstrated that rubrospinal axons synapse on spinal neurons in the deep layer of the dorsal horn, and mechanical stimulation of hindpaws induced strong calcium signal of red nuclei in control mice, which was less prominent in mutant mice. In conclusion, Celsr3 regulates development of spinal descending axons and the motor network in cell and non-cell autonomous manners, and the maturation of the rubrospinal system is required for motor coordination and response to mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boli Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West 601, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxiang Li
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West 601, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Jia
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West 601, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West 601, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical, Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, People's Republic of China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-An Wei
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuchu Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yibo Qu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West 601, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West 601, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical, Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, People's Republic of China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Kavanagh JJ, Taylor JL. Voluntary activation of muscle in humans: does serotonergic neuromodulation matter? J Physiol 2022; 600:3657-3670. [PMID: 35864781 PMCID: PMC9541597 DOI: 10.1113/jp282565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionotropic inputs to motoneurones have the capacity to depolarise and hyperpolarise the motoneurone, whereas neuromodulatory inputs control the state of excitability of the motoneurone. Intracellular recordings of motoneurones from in vitro and in situ animal preparations have provided extraordinary insight into the mechanisms that underpin how neuromodulators regulate neuronal excitability. However, far fewer studies have attempted to translate the findings from cellular and molecular studies into a human model. In this review, we focus on the role that serotonin plays in muscle activation in humans. Serotonin (5-HT) is a potent regulator of neuronal firing rates which can influence the force that can be generated by muscles during voluntary contractions. We firstly outline structural and functional characteristics of the serotonergic system, and then describe how motoneurone discharge can be facilitated and suppressed depending on the 5-HT receptor subtype that is activated. We then provide a narrative on how 5-HT effects can influence voluntary activation during muscle contractions in humans, and detail how 5-HT may be a mediator of exercise-induced fatigue that arises from the central nervous system. Abstract figure legend Inputs to neuromodulatory receptors on motoneurones, such as those involved in the serotonergic system, modify the motoneuroneâ¿¿s responsiveness to ionotropic input. The release of serotonin (5-HT) into the spinal cord is linked to the level of motor activity being performed, where 5-HT can increase the discharge rate of motoneurones via excitatory 5-HT receptors on the soma and dendrites. This in turn can lead to increased voluntary muscle activation (VA) and maximal force generation. However, intense release of 5-HT onto motoneurones may lead to a spill over of 5-HT into extracellular compartments to activate inhibitory 5-HT receptors on the axon initial segment. This can cause a reduction in motoneurone discharge rate, thus decreasing VA and maximal force generation. To gain insight into the serotonergic contributions to muscle activation in humans, pharmacological interventions have been employed to enhance the concentration of 5-HT in the central nervous system or activate selective 5-HT receptors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Kavanagh
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Janet L Taylor
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
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13
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Noga BR, Whelan PJ. The Mesencephalic Locomotor Region: Beyond Locomotor Control. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:884785. [PMID: 35615623 PMCID: PMC9124768 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.884785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) was discovered several decades ago in the cat. It was functionally defined based on the ability of low threshold electrical stimuli within a region comprising the cuneiform and pedunculopontine nucleus to evoke locomotion. Since then, similar regions have been found in diverse vertebrate species, including the lamprey, skate, rodent, pig, monkey, and human. The MLR, while often viewed under the lens of locomotion, is involved in diverse processes involving the autonomic nervous system, respiratory system, and the state-dependent activation of motor systems. This review will discuss the pedunculopontine nucleus and cuneiform nucleus that comprises the MLR and examine their respective connectomes from both an anatomical and functional angle. From a functional perspective, the MLR primes the cardiovascular and respiratory systems before the locomotor activity occurs. Inputs from a variety of higher structures, and direct outputs to the monoaminergic nuclei, allow the MLR to be able to respond appropriately to state-dependent locomotion. These state-dependent effects are roughly divided into escape and exploratory behavior, and the MLR also can reinforce the selection of these locomotor behaviors through projections to adjacent structures such as the periaqueductal gray or to limbic and cortical regions. Findings from the rat, mouse, pig, and cat will be discussed to highlight similarities and differences among diverse species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Noga
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Brian R. Noga Patrick J. Whelan
| | - Patrick J. Whelan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Brian R. Noga Patrick J. Whelan
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14
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Liu M, Zheng M, Zhang W, Yang F, Hong L, Yu X, Xu H. Cuprizone-induced dopaminergic hyperactivity and locomotor deficit in zebrafish larvae. Brain Res 2022; 1780:147802. [PMID: 35085574 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Gould SL, Winter MJ, Norton WHJ, Tyler CR. The potential for adverse effects in fish exposed to antidepressants in the aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16299-16312. [PMID: 34856105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants are one of the most commonly prescribed pharmaceutical classes for the treatment of psychiatric conditions. They act via modulation of brain monoaminergic signaling systems (predominantly serotonergic, adrenergic, dopaminergic) that show a high degree of structural conservation across diverse animal phyla. A reasonable assumption, therefore, is that exposed fish and other aquatic wildlife may be affected by antidepressants released into the natural environment. Indeed, there are substantial data reported for exposure effects in fish, albeit most are reported for exposure concentrations exceeding those occurring in natural environments. From a critical analysis of the available evidence for effects in fish, risk quotients (RQs) were derived from laboratory-based studies for a selection of antidepressants most commonly detected in the aquatic environment. We conclude that the likelihood for effects in fish on standard measured end points used in risk assessment (i.e., excluding effects on behavior) is low for levels of exposure occurring in the natural environment. Nevertheless, some effects on behavior have been reported for environmentally relevant exposures, and antidepressants can bioaccumulate in fish tissues. Limitations in the datasets used to calculate RQs revealed important gaps in which future research should be directed to more accurately assess the risks posed by antidepressants to fish. Developing greater certainty surrounding risk of antidepressants to fish requires more attention directed toward effects on behaviors relating to individual fitness, the employment of environmentally realistic exposure levels, on chronic exposure scenarios, and on mixtures analyses, especially given the wide range of similarly acting compounds released into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Gould
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K
| | - Matthew J Winter
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K
| | - William H J Norton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K
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16
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Nanonaringenin and Vitamin E Ameliorate Some Behavioral, Biochemical, and Brain Tissue Alterations Induced by Nicotine in Rats. J Toxicol 2021; 2021:4411316. [PMID: 34608387 PMCID: PMC8487377 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4411316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is the major alkaloid present in cigarettes that induces various biochemical and behavioral changes. Nanonaringenin (NNG) and vitamin E are antioxidants that are reported to mitigate serious impairments caused by some toxins and oxidants. Thus, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of NNG, vitamin E, and their combinations to ameliorate behavioral, biochemical, and histological alterations induced by nicotine in rats. Adult male albino rats were randomly grouped into six equal groups (10 rats/group): control, N (nicotine 1 mg/kg b.w./day S/C from 15th to 45th day, 5 days a week), NNG (25 mg/kg b.w./day orally for 45 days), N + NNG, N + E (nicotine + vitamin E 200 mg/kg b.w./day orally), and N + NNG + E (nicotine + NNG + vitamin E at the aforementioned doses). Behavioral tests were conducted on day 15 and 30 postnicotine injection, while memory tests, brain neurotransmitters, antioxidants, and histopathological examination were examined at day 30 only. As a result, nicotine impaired rats' activity (hypoactivity and hyperactivity) and memory, induced anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects on rats, and altered neurotransmitters (acetylcholinesterase, serotonin, and dopamine), and redox markers (MDA, H2O2, GSH, and catalase) levels in brain homogenates. Thickening and congestion of the meninges and degeneration of the cerebral neurons and glia cells were observed. Cosupplementation with NNG, vitamin E, and their combination with nicotine was beneficial in the alleviation of activity impairments and improved short memory and cognition defects and exploratory behaviors. Our results indicate the antioxidant potential of NNG and vitamin E by modulating redox markers and neurotransmitters in the brain. Thus, data suggest that the prophylactic use of NNG, vitamin E, and/or their combination for (45 days) may have a successful amelioration of the disrupted behavior and cognition and biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by nicotine.
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17
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Physical exercise increases the production of tyrosine hydroxylase and CDNF in the spinal cord of a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Neurosci Lett 2021; 760:136089. [PMID: 34182056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous research advocates that exercise is a non-pharmacological therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, few studies have investigated the effects of exercise on central nervous system structures other than the nigrostriatal pathway by using PD animal models. This study investigated the effects of exercise on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)- and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF)-containing spinal-cord neurons. Male Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups: sedentary control (SEDCONT), exercise control (EXERCONT), sedentary Parkinson (SEDPD), and exercise Parkinson (EXERPD). The PD groups were submitted to a surgical procedure for stereotaxic bilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum. TH- and CDNF-containing spinal-cord neurons were evaluated in all groups, using immunohistochemistry and western-blotting. TH content in the ventral horn differed notably between the SEDPD and EXERPD groups. CDNF content was highest in the EXERPD group. SEDPD and EXERPD groups differed the most, as shown by immunohistochemistry and western-blotting. The EXERPD group showed the most intense labeling in immunohistochemistry compared to the SEDCONT and EXERCONT groups. Therefore, we showed here that exercise increased the content of both TH and CDNF in the spinal-cord neurons of a bilateral PD mouse model. We may assume that the spinal cord is affected in a PD model, and therefore this central nervous system region deserves more attention from researchers dealing with PD.
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18
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Alpha-synuclein increases in rodent and human spinal cord injury and promotes inflammation and tissue loss. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11720. [PMID: 34083630 PMCID: PMC8175699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative diseases in which α-synuclein protein accumulates in neurons and glia. In these diseases, α-synuclein forms dense intracellular aggregates that are disease hallmarks and actively contribute to tissue pathology. Interestingly, many pathological mechanisms, including iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, are shared between classical synucleinopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). However, to date, no studies have determined if α-synuclein accumulation occurs after human SCI. To examine this, cross-sections from injured and non-injured human spinal cords were immunolabeled for α-synuclein. This showed robust α-synuclein accumulation in profiles resembling axons and astrocytes in tissue surrounding the injury, revealing that α-synuclein markedly aggregates in traumatically injured human spinal cords. We also detected significant iron deposition in the injury site, a known catalyst for α-synuclein aggregation. Next a rodent SCI model mimicking the histological features of human SCI revealed aggregates and structurally altered monomers of α-synuclein are present after SCI. To determine if α-synuclein exacerbates SCI pathology, α-synuclein knockout mice were tested. Compared to wild type mice, α-synuclein knockout mice had significantly more spared axons and neurons and lower pro-inflammatory mediators, macrophage accumulation, and iron deposition in the injured spinal cord. Interestingly, locomotor analysis revealed that α-synuclein may be essential for dopamine-mediated hindlimb function after SCI. Collectively, the marked upregulation and long-lasting accumulation of α-synuclein and iron suggests that SCI may fit within the family of synucleinopathies and offer new therapeutic targets for promoting neuron preservation and improving function after spinal trauma.
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19
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Bykowski EA, Petersson JN, Dukelow S, Ho C, Debert CT, Montina T, Metz GA. Urinary biomarkers indicative of recovery from spinal cord injury: A pilot study. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 10:178-185. [PMID: 33842921 PMCID: PMC8020035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current assessments of recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) focus on clinical outcome measures. These assessments bear an inherent risk of bias, emphasizing the need for more reliable prognostic biomarkers to measure SCI severity. This study evaluated fluid biomarkers as an objective tool to aid with prognosticating outcomes following SCI. Using a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based quantitative metabolomics approach of urine samples, the objectives were to determine (a) if alterations in metabolic profiles reflect the extent of recovery of individual SCI patients, (b) whether changes in urine metabolites correlate to patient outcomes, and (c) whether biological pathway analysis reflects mechanisms of neural damage and repair. An inception cohort exploratory pilot study collected morning urine samples from male SCI patients (n=6) following injury and again at 6-months post-injury. A 700 MHz Bruker Avance III HD NMR spectrometer was used to acquire the metabolic signatures of urine samples, which were used to derive metabolic pathways. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify changes in metabolic signatures, which were correlated to clinical outcomes in the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM). Among SCI-induced metabolic changes, biomarkers which significantly correlated to patient SCIM scores included caffeine (R = -0.76, p < 0.01), 3-hydroxymandelic acid (R= -0.85, p < 0.001), L-valine (R = 0.90, p < 0.001; R = -0.64, p < 0.05), and N-methylhydantoin (R = -0.90, p < 0.001). The most affected pathway was purine metabolism. These findings indicate that urinary metabolites reflect SCI lesion severity and recovery and provide potentially prognostic biomarkers of SCI outcome in precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elani A. Bykowski
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jamie N. Petersson
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sean Dukelow
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chester Ho
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chantel T. Debert
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tony Montina
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gerlinde A.S. Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Pizzolato C, Gunduz MA, Palipana D, Wu J, Grant G, Hall S, Dennison R, Zafonte RD, Lloyd DG, Teng YD. Non-invasive approaches to functional recovery after spinal cord injury: Therapeutic targets and multimodal device interventions. Exp Neurol 2021; 339:113612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Xu Y, Zhang L, Liu Y, Topalidou I, Hassinan C, Ailion M, Zhao Z, Wang T, Chen Z, Bai J. Dopamine receptor DOP-1 engages a sleep pathway to modulate swimming in C. elegans. iScience 2021; 24:102247. [PMID: 33796839 PMCID: PMC7995527 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals require robust yet flexible programs to support locomotion. Here we report a pathway that connects the D1-like dopamine receptor DOP-1 with a sleep mechanism to modulate swimming in C. elegans. We show that DOP-1 plays a negative role in sustaining swimming behavior. By contrast, a pathway through the D2-like dopamine receptor DOP-3 negatively regulates the initiation of swimming, but its impact fades quickly over a few minutes. We find that DOP-1 and the GPCR kinase (G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-2) function in the sleep interneuron RIS, where DOP-1 modulates the secretion of a sleep neuropeptide FLP-11. We further show that DOP-1 and FLP-11 act in the same pathway to modulate swimming. Together, these results delineate a functional connection between a dopamine receptor and a sleep program to regulate swimming in C. elegans. The temporal transition between DOP-3 and DOP-1 pathways highlights the dynamic nature of neuromodulation for rhythmic movements that persist over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, P. R. China.,Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Hainan 570102, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Irini Topalidou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, WA 98195
| | - Cera Hassinan
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98019
| | - Michael Ailion
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, WA 98195
| | - Zhenqiang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Hainan 570102, P. R. China
| | - Tan Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Hainan 570102, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, P. R. China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Hainan 570102, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Bai
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98019.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, WA 98195
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22
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Mamelak M. Sleep, Narcolepsy, and Sodium Oxybate. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:272-291. [PMID: 33827411 PMCID: PMC9413790 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210407151227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium oxybate (SO) has been in use for many decades to treat narcolepsy with cataplexy. It functions as a weak GABAB agonist but also as an energy source for the brain as a result of its metabolism to succinate and as a powerful antioxidant because of its capacity to induce the formation of NADPH. Its actions at thalamic GABAB receptors can induce slow-wave activity, while its actions at GABAB receptors on monoaminergic neurons can induce or delay REM sleep. By altering the balance between monoaminergic and cholinergic neuronal activity, SO uniquely can induce and prevent cataplexy. The formation of NADPH may enhance sleep’s restorative process by accelerating the removal of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which accumulate during wakefulness. SO improves alertness in normal subjects and in patients with narcolepsy. SO may allay severe psychological stress - an inflammatory state triggered by increased levels of ROS and characterized by cholinergic supersensitivity and monoaminergic deficiency. SO may be able to eliminate the inflammatory state and correct the cholinergic/ monoaminergic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mortimer Mamelak
- Department of Psychiatry, Baycrest Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. Canada
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23
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The Distinct Functions of Dopaminergic Receptors on Pain Modulation: A Narrative Review. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6682275. [PMID: 33688340 PMCID: PMC7920737 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6682275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is considered an economic burden on society as it often results in disability, job loss, and early retirement. Opioids are the most common analgesics prescribed for the management of moderate to severe pain. However, chronic exposure to these drugs can result in opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. On pain modulation strategies, exploiting the multitarget drugs with the ability of the superadditive or synergistic interactions attracts more attention. In the present report, we have reviewed the analgesic effects of different dopamine receptors, particularly D1 and D2 receptors, in different regions of the central nervous system, including the spinal cord, striatum, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and periaqueductal gray (PAG). According to the evidence, these regions are not only involved in pain modulation but also express a high density of DA receptors. The findings can be categorized as follows: (1) D2-like receptors may exert a higher analgesic potency, but D1-like receptors act in different manners across several mechanisms in the mentioned regions; (2) in the spinal cord and striatum, antinociception of DA is mainly mediated by D2-like receptors, while in the NAc and PAG, both D1- and D2-like receptors are involved as analgesic targets; and (3) D2-like receptor agonists can act as adjuvants of μ-opioid receptor agonists to potentiate analgesic effects and provide a better approach to pain relief.
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24
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Mille T, Quilgars C, Cazalets J, Bertrand SS. Acetylcholine and spinal locomotor networks: The insider. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14736. [PMID: 33527727 PMCID: PMC7851432 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to review studies that have investigated the role of neurons that use the transmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in controlling the operation of locomotor neural networks within the spinal cord. This cholinergic system has the particularity of being completely intraspinal. We describe the different effects exerted by spinal cholinergic neurons on locomotor circuitry by the pharmacological activation or blockade of this propriospinal system, as well as describing its different cellular and subcellular targets. Through the activation of one ionotropic receptor, the nicotinic receptor, and five metabotropic receptors, the M1 to M5 muscarinic receptors, the cholinergic system exerts a powerful control both on synaptic transmission and locomotor network neuron excitability. Although tremendous advances have been made in our understanding of the spinal cholinergic system's involvement in the physiology and pathophysiology of locomotor networks, gaps still remain, including the precise role of the different subtypes of cholinergic neurons as well as their pre- and postsynaptic partners. Improving our knowledge of the propriospinal cholinergic system is of major relevance to finding new cellular targets and therapeutics in countering the debilitating effects of neurodegenerative diseases and restoring motor functions after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Mille
- Université de BordeauxCNRS UMR 5287INCIABordeauxFrance
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25
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Arencibia‐Albite F, Jiménez‐Rivera CA. Computational and theoretical insights into the homeostatic response to the decreased cell size of midbrain dopamine neurons. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14709. [PMID: 33484235 PMCID: PMC7824968 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine neurons communicate signals of reward anticipation and attribution of salience. This capacity is distorted in heroin or cocaine abuse or in conditions such as human mania. A shared characteristic among rodent models of these behavioral disorders is that dopamine neurons in these animals acquired a small size and manifest an augmented spontaneous and burst activity. The biophysical mechanism underlying this increased excitation is currently unknown, but is believed to primarily follow from a substantial drop in K+ conductance secondary to morphology reduction. This work uses a dopamine neuron mathematical model to show, surprisingly, that under size diminution a reduction in K+ conductance is an adaptation that attempts to decrease cell excitability. The homeostatic response that preserves the intrinsic activity is the conservation of the ion channel density for each conductance; a result that is analytically demonstrated and challenges the experimentalist tendency to reduce intrinsic excitation to K+ conductance expression level. Another unexpected mechanism that buffers the raise in intrinsic activity is the presence of the ether-a-go-go-related gen K+ channel since its activation is illustrated to increase with size reduction. Computational experiments finally demonstrate that size attenuation results in the paradoxical enhancement of afferent-driven bursting as a reduced temporal summation indexed correlates with improved depolarization. This work illustrates, on the whole, that experimentation in the absence of mathematical models may lead to the erroneous interpretation of the counterintuitive aspects of empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Arencibia‐Albite
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Puerto RicoSan JuanPuerto Rico
- Department of Natural SciencesUniversity of Sacred HeartSan JuanPuerto Rico
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26
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Miller MW. Dopamine as a Multifunctional Neurotransmitter in Gastropod Molluscs: An Evolutionary Hypothesis. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2020; 239:189-208. [PMID: 33347799 PMCID: PMC8016498 DOI: 10.1086/711293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe catecholamine 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine, or dopamine, acts as a neurotransmitter across a broad phylogenetic spectrum. Functions attributed to dopamine in the mammalian brain include regulation of motor circuits, valuation of sensory stimuli, and mediation of reward or reinforcement signals. Considerable evidence also supports a neurotransmitter role for dopamine in gastropod molluscs, and there is growing appreciation for its potential common functions across phylogeny. This article reviews evidence for dopamine's transmitter role in the nervous systems of gastropods. The functional properties of identified dopaminergic neurons in well-characterized neural circuits suggest a hypothetical incremental sequence by which dopamine accumulated its diverse roles. The successive acquisition of dopamine functions is proposed in the context of gastropod feeding behavior: (1) sensation of potential nutrients, (2) activation of motor circuits, (3) selection of motor patterns from multifunctional circuits, (4) valuation of sensory stimuli with reference to internal state, (5) association of motor programs with their outcomes, and (6) coincidence detection between sensory stimuli and their consequences. At each stage of this sequence, it is proposed that existing functions of dopaminergic neurons favored their recruitment to fulfill additional information processing demands. Common functions of dopamine in other intensively studied groups, ranging from mammals and insects to nematodes, suggest an ancient origin for this progression.
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27
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Engert F. Neuromodulation: How Dopaminergic Neurons Shape and Modulate Behavior. Curr Biol 2020; 30:R1422-R1425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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A dynamic role for dopamine receptors in the control of mammalian spinal networks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16429. [PMID: 33009442 PMCID: PMC7532218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is well known to regulate movement through the differential control of direct and indirect pathways in the striatum that express D1 and D2 receptors respectively. The spinal cord also expresses all dopamine receptors; however, how the specific receptors regulate spinal network output in mammals is poorly understood. We explore the receptor-specific mechanisms that underlie dopaminergic control of spinal network output of neonatal mice during changes in spinal network excitability. During spontaneous activity, which is a characteristic of developing spinal networks operating in a low excitability state, we found that dopamine is primarily inhibitory. We uncover an excitatory D1-mediated effect of dopamine on motoneurons and network output that also involves co-activation with D2 receptors. Critically, these excitatory actions require higher concentrations of dopamine; however, analysis of dopamine concentrations of neonates indicates that endogenous levels of spinal dopamine are low. Because endogenous levels of spinal dopamine are low, this excitatory dopaminergic pathway is likely physiologically-silent at this stage in development. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of dopamine, at low physiological concentrations is mediated by parallel activation of D2, D3, D4 and α2 receptors which is reproduced when endogenous dopamine levels are increased by blocking dopamine reuptake and metabolism. We provide evidence in support of dedicated spinal network components that are controlled by excitatory D1 and inhibitory D2 receptors that is reminiscent of the classic dopaminergic indirect and direct pathway within the striatum. These results indicate that network state is an important factor that dictates receptor-specific and therefore dose-dependent control of neuromodulators on spinal network output and advances our understanding of how neuromodulators regulate neural networks under dynamically changing excitability.
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29
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Barrios JP, Wang WC, England R, Reifenberg E, Douglass AD. Hypothalamic Dopamine Neurons Control Sensorimotor Behavior by Modulating Brainstem Premotor Nuclei in Zebrafish. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4606-4618.e4. [PMID: 33007241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA)-producing neurons are critically involved in the production of motor behaviors in multiple circuits that are conserved from basal vertebrates to mammals. Although there is increasing evidence that DA neurons in the hypothalamus play a locomotor role, their precise contributions to behavior and the circuit mechanisms by which they are achieved remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that tyrosine-hydroxylase-2-expressing (th2+) DA neurons in the zebrafish hypothalamus fire phasic bursts of activity to acutely promote swimming and modulate audiomotor behaviors on fast timescales. Their anatomy and physiology reveal two distinct functional DA modules within the hypothalamus. The first comprises an interconnected set of cerebrospinal-fluid-contacting DA nuclei surrounding the 3rd ventricle, which lack distal projections outside of the hypothalamus and influence locomotion through unknown means. The second includes neurons in the preoptic nucleus, which send long-range projections to targets throughout the brain, including the mid- and hindbrain, where they activate premotor circuits involved in swimming and sensorimotor integration. These data suggest a broad regulation of motor behavior by DA neurons within multiple hypothalamic nuclei and elucidate a novel functional mechanism for the preoptic DA neurons in the initiation of movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Barrios
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Roman England
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Erica Reifenberg
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Adam D Douglass
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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30
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Transgene expression within the spinal cord of hTH-eGFP rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 109:101853. [PMID: 32771532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is broadly expressed in catecholaminergic neurons. In the spinal cord, four components contain TH, including A11 diencephalospinal dopaminergic (DA-ergic) pathways, intraspinal DA-related neurons, supraspinal noradrenergic projections, and afferents of TH-expressing sensory neurons. A human TH-enhanced green fluorescent protein (hTH-eGFP) transgenic rat was recently developed to tag TH+ profiles in the nervous system for visualization. Using immunostaining, we found that only A11 pathways express GFP whereas the other 3 components do not in the spinal cord. Thus, this may suggest a genetic difference among these TH+ elements even though they produce the same protein.
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31
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Gunes ZI, Kan VWY, Ye X, Liebscher S. Exciting Complexity: The Role of Motor Circuit Elements in ALS Pathophysiology. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:573. [PMID: 32625051 PMCID: PMC7311855 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease, characterized by the degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons. Despite decades of research, we still to date lack a cure or disease modifying treatment, emphasizing the need for a much-improved insight into disease mechanisms and cell type vulnerability. Altered neuronal excitability is a common phenomenon reported in ALS patients, as well as in animal models of the disease, but the cellular and circuit processes involved, as well as the causal relevance of those observations to molecular alterations and final cell death, remain poorly understood. Here, we review evidence from clinical studies, cell type-specific electrophysiology, genetic manipulations and molecular characterizations in animal models and culture experiments, which argue for a causal involvement of complex alterations of structure, function and connectivity of different neuronal subtypes within the cortical and spinal cord motor circuitries. We also summarize the current knowledge regarding the detrimental role of astrocytes and reassess the frequently proposed hypothesis of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity with respect to changes in neuronal excitability. Together, these findings suggest multifaceted cell type-, brain area- and disease stage- specific disturbances of the excitation/inhibition balance as a cardinal aspect of ALS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep I Gunes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa W Y Kan
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - XiaoQian Ye
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Liebscher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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32
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Effects of Cebranopadol on Cocaine-induced Hyperactivity and Cocaine Pharmacokinetics in Rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9254. [PMID: 32518276 PMCID: PMC7283222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cebranopadol is known as a highly potent analgesic. Recent studies also demonstrated that administration of cebranopadol significantly decreased cocaine self-administration and significantly reduced cue-induced cocaine-seeking behaviors in rats. However, it was unclear whether these interesting behavioral observations are related to any potential effects of cebranopadol on cocaine pharmacokinetics or cocaine-induced hyperactivity. In principle, a promising therapeutic candidate for cocaine dependence treatment may alter the cocaine pharmacokinetics and/or attenuate cocaine-induced reward and hyperactivity and, thus, decrease cocaine self-administration and reduce cue-induced cocaine-seeking behaviors. In this study, we examined possible effects of cebranopadol on cocaine pharmacokinetics and cocaine-induced hyperactivity for the first time. According to our animal data in rats, cebranopadol did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of cocaine. According to our more extensive locomotor activity testing data, cebranopadol itself also dose-dependently induced hyperactivity in rats at doses higher than 50 µg/kg. Cebranopadol at a low dose of 25 µg/kg (p.o.) did not induce significant hyperactivity itself, but significantly potentiated cocaine-induced hyperactivity on Days 4 to 7 after the repeated daily dosing of the drug.
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33
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Jha U, Thirumalai V. Neuromodulatory Selection of Motor Neuron Recruitment Patterns in a Visuomotor Behavior Increases Speed. Curr Biol 2020; 30:788-801.e3. [PMID: 32084402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Animals generate locomotion at different speeds to suit their behavioral needs. Spinal circuits generate locomotion at these varying speeds by sequential activation of different spinal interneurons and motor neurons. Larval zebrafish can generate slow swims for prey capture and exploration by activation of secondary motor neurons and much faster and vigorous swims during escape and struggle via additional activation of primary motor neurons. Neuromodulators are known to alter the motor output of spinal circuits, but their precise role in speed regulation is not well understood. Here, in the context of optomotor response (OMR), an innate evoked locomotor behavior, we show that dopamine (DA) provides an additional layer to regulation of swim speed in larval zebrafish. Activation of D1-like receptors increases swim speed during OMR in free-swimming larvae. By analyzing tail bend kinematics in head-restrained larvae, we show that the increase in speed is actuated by larger tail bends. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from motor neurons reveal that, during OMR, typically only secondary motor neurons are active, whereas primary motor neurons are quiescent. Activation of D1-like receptors increases intrinsic excitability and excitatory synaptic drive in primary and secondary motor neurons. These actions result in greater recruitment of motor neurons during OMR. Our findings provide an example of neuromodulatory reconfiguration of spinal motor neuron speed modules where members are selectively recruited and motor drive is increased to effect changes in locomotor speed. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi Jha
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India; SASTRA Deemed University, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Vatsala Thirumalai
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India.
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34
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Kim SS, Hwang KS, Yang JY, Chae JS, Kim GR, Kan H, Jung MH, Lee HY, Song JS, Ahn S, Shin DS, Lee KR, Kim SK, Bae MA. Neurochemical and behavioral analysis by acute exposure to bisphenol A in zebrafish larvae model. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124751. [PMID: 31518922 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical monomer widely used in the production of hard plastics for food containers and personal items. Through improper industrial control and disposal, BPA has become a pervasive environmental contaminant, and toxicological studies have shown potent xenobiotic endocrine disruptor activity. Prenatal exposure in particular can lead to infertility and nervous system disorders characterized by behavioral aggression, depression, and cognitive impairment, thus necessitating careful hazard assessment. In this study, we evaluated BPA accumulation rate, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, lethality, cardiotoxicity, behavioral effects, and impacts on multiple neurochemical pathways in zebrafish larvae. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) ranged from 1.95 to 10.0, resulting in a high rate of accumulation in the larval body. Also, high BBB permeability allowed BPA to accumulate at similar rates in both zebrafish and adult mouse (blood to brain concentration ratios of 3.2-6.7 and 1.8 to 5.5, respectively). In addition, BPA-exposed zebrafish larvae exhibited developmental deformities, reduced heart rate, and impaired behavioral patterns, including decreased total distance traveled, slower movement velocity, and altered color-preference. These impairments were associated with inhibition of the phenylalanine to dopamine synthesis pathway and an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems. Our results suggest that behavioral alteration in BPA-exposed zebrafish result from high accumulation and ensuing dysregulation of serotonergic, kynurenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems. In conclusion, similarities in toxic responses to mammalian models highlight the utility of the zebrafish larva as a convenient model for screening environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Soon Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Seok Hwang
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Yang
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sil Chae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Ran Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kan
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hun Jung
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Yeon Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Song
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjoo Ahn
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seop Shin
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ryoon Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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35
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van Reij RR, Joosten EA, van den Hoogen NJ. Dopaminergic neurotransmission and genetic variation in chronification of post-surgical pain. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:853-864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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36
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Alabi AO, Ajayi AM, Omorogbe O, Umukoro S. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of an aqueous extract of blended leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-019-0130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of a blended mixture of dried leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava, a traditional analgesic drug polyherbal (TADP) used as a remedy for pain-related conditions.
Methods
Antinociceptive activity of TADP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated in the hot plate test and acetic acid-induced nociception in mice while the anti-inflammatory was evaluated in carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. Levels of nitrite, myeloperoxidase, glutathione and malondialdehyde were assayed in carrageenan-induced paw tissue.
Results
TADP (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly prolong the latency time in the hot-plate test. TADP (100–400 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent significant inhibition of the acetic-acid induced abdominal constriction. The antinociceptive activity of TADP in the presence of naloxone and atropine was not reversed whereas yohimbine and glibenclamide significantly reversed it. TADP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced the swelling in the carrageenan-induced oedema model and also produced a reduction in the nitrite and myeloperoxidase level. TADP (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced malondialdehyde concentration and increase glutathione level in the carrageenan-induced rat paw. TADP significantly decrease the number of cellular infiltrates in the histopathological assessment.
Conclusion
These results indicate that polyherbal product containing blended leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava possess antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, hence represents a promising alternative remedy in inflammation-induced pain.
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37
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McGuckin Wuertz K, Treuting PM, Hemann EA, Esser-Nobis K, Snyder AG, Graham JB, Daniels BP, Wilkins C, Snyder JM, Voss KM, Oberst A, Lund J, Gale M. STING is required for host defense against neuropathological West Nile virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007899. [PMID: 31415679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile Virus (WNV), an emerging and re-emerging RNA virus, is the leading source of arboviral encephalitic morbidity and mortality in the United States. WNV infections are acutely controlled by innate immunity in peripheral tissues outside of the central nervous system (CNS) but WNV can evade the actions of interferon (IFN) to facilitate CNS invasion, causing encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and death. Recent studies indicate that STimulator of INterferon Gene (STING), canonically known for initiating a type I IFN production and innate immune response to cytosolic DNA, is required for host defense against neurotropic RNA viruses. We evaluated the role of STING in host defense to control WNV infection and pathology in a murine model of infection. When challenged with WNV, STING knock out (-/-) mice displayed increased morbidity and mortality compared to wild type (WT) mice. Virologic analysis and assessment of STING activation revealed that STING signaling was not required for control of WNV in the spleen nor was WNV sufficient to mediate canonical STING activation in vitro. However, STING-/- mice exhibited a clear trend of increased viral load and virus dissemination in the CNS. We found that STING-/- mice exhibited increased and prolonged neurological signs compared to WT mice. Pathological examination revealed increased lesions, mononuclear cellular infiltration and neuronal death in the CNS of STING-/- mice, with sustained pathology after viral clearance. We found that STING was required in bone marrow derived macrophages for early control of WNV replication and innate immune activation. In vivo, STING-/- mice developed an aberrant T cell response in both the spleen and brain during WNV infection that linked with increased and sustained CNS pathology compared to WT mice. Our findings demonstrate that STING plays a critical role in immune programming for the control of neurotropic WNV infection and CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McGuckin Wuertz
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Department of Defense; United States Army Medical Department, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Piper M Treuting
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Emily A Hemann
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Katharina Esser-Nobis
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Annelise G Snyder
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jessica B Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Brian P Daniels
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Courtney Wilkins
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M Voss
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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38
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Chapela D, Sousa S, Martins I, Cristóvão AM, Pinto P, Corte-Real S, Saúde L. A zebrafish drug screening platform boosts the discovery of novel therapeutics for spinal cord injury in mammals. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10475. [PMID: 31324865 PMCID: PMC6642202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex condition, with limited therapeutic options, that results in sensory and motor disabilities. To boost discovery of novel therapeutics, we designed a simple and efficient drug screening platform. This innovative approach allows to determine locomotor rescue properties of small molecules in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) larval spinal cord transection model. We validated our screening platform by showing that Riluzole and Minocycline, two molecules that are in clinical trials for SCI, promote rescue of the locomotor function of the transected larvae. Further validation of the platform was obtained through the blind identification of D-Cycloserine, a molecule scheduled to enter phase IV clinical trials for SCI. Importantly, we identified Tranexamic acid and further showed that this molecule maintains its locomotor recovery properties in a rodent female contusion model. Our screening platform, combined with drug repurposing, promises to propel the rapid translation of novel therapeutics to improve SCI recovery in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chapela
- TechnoPhage, SA, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Sousa
- TechnoPhage, SA, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isaura Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Cristóvão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pinto
- TechnoPhage, SA, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Corte-Real
- TechnoPhage, SA, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leonor Saúde
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular e Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Golowasch J. Neuromodulation of central pattern generators and its role in the functional recovery of central pattern generator activity. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:300-315. [PMID: 31066614 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00784.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulators play an important role in how the nervous system organizes activity that results in behavior. Disruption of the normal patterns of neuromodulatory release or production is known to be related to the onset of severe pathologies such as Parkinson's disease, Rett syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, and affective disorders. Some of these pathologies involve neuronal structures that are called central pattern generators (CPGs), which are involved in the production of rhythmic activities throughout the nervous system. Here I discuss the interplay between CPGs and neuromodulatory activity, with particular emphasis on the potential role of neuromodulators in the recovery of disrupted neuronal activity. I refer to invertebrate and vertebrate model systems and some of the lessons we have learned from research on these systems and propose a few avenues for future research. I make one suggestion that may guide future research in the field: neuromodulators restrict the parameter landscape in which CPG components operate, and the removal of neuromodulators may enable a perturbed CPG in finding a new set of parameter values that can allow it to regain normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Golowasch
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University-Newark , Newark, New Jersey
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Flores‐Vivaldo YM, Camacho‐Abrego I, Picazo O, Flores G. Pregnancies alters spine number in cortical and subcortical limbic brain regions of old rats. Synapse 2019; 73:e22100. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaredit Margarita Flores‐Vivaldo
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
| | - Israel Camacho‐Abrego
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
| | - Ofir Picazo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
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Cortés A, Casadó-Anguera V, Moreno E, Casadó V. The heterotetrameric structure of the adenosine A 1-dopamine D 1 receptor complex: Pharmacological implication for restless legs syndrome. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 84:37-78. [PMID: 31229177 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic and purinergic signaling play a pivotal role in neurological diseases associated with motor symptoms, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington disease, Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), spinal cord injury (SCI), and ataxias. Extracellular dopamine and adenosine exert their functions interacting with specific dopamine (DR) or adenosine (AR) receptors, respectively, expressed on the surface of target cells. These receptors are members of the family A of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which is the largest protein superfamily in mammalian genomes. GPCRs are target of about 40% of all current marketed drugs, highlighting their importance in clinical medicine. The striatum receives the densest dopamine innervations and contains the highest density of dopamine receptors. The modulatory role of adenosine on dopaminergic transmission depends largely on the existence of antagonistic interactions mediated by specific subtypes of DRs and ARs, the so-called A2AR-D2R and A1R-D1R interactions. Due to the dopamine/adenosine antagonism in the CNS, it was proposed that ARs and DRs could form heteromers in the neuronal cell surface. Therefore, adenosine can affect dopaminergic signaling through receptor-receptor interactions and by modulations in their shared intracellular pathways in the striatum and spinal cord. In this work we describe the allosteric modulations between GPCR protomers, focusing in those of adenosine and dopamine within the A1R-D1R heteromeric complex, which is involved in RLS. We also propose that the knowledge about the intricate allosteric interactions within the A1R-D1R heterotetramer, may facilitate the treatment of motor alterations, not only when the dopamine pathway is hyperactivated (RLS, chorea, etc.) but also when motor function is decreased (SCI, aging, PD, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Cortés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verònica Casadó-Anguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Vidal PM, Pacheco R. Targeting the Dopaminergic System in Autoimmunity. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 15:57-73. [PMID: 30661214 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine has emerged as a fundamental regulator of inflammation. In this regard, it has been shown that dopaminergic signalling pathways are key players promoting homeostasis between the central nervous system and the immune system. Dysregulation in the dopaminergic system affects both innate and adaptive immunity, contributing to the development of numerous autoimmune and inflammatory pathologies. This makes dopamine receptors interesting therapeutic targets for either the development of new treatments or repurposing of already available pharmacological drugs. Dopamine receptors are broadly expressed on different immune cells with multifunctional effects depending on the dopamine concentration available and the pattern of expression of five dopamine receptors displaying different affinities for dopamine. Thus, impaired dopaminergic signalling through different dopamine receptors may result in altered behaviour of immunity, contributing to the development and progression of autoimmune pathologies. In this review we discuss the current evidence involving the dopaminergic system in inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. In addition, we summarise and analyse the therapeutic approaches designed to attenuate disease development and progression by targeting the dopaminergic system. Graphical Abstract Targetting the dopaminergic system in autoimmunity. Effector T-cells (Teff) orchestrate inflamamtion involved in autoimmunity, whilst regulatory T-cells (Tregs) suppress Teff activity promoting tolerance to self-constituents. Dopamine has emerged as a key regulator of Teff and Tregs function, thereby dopamine receptors have becoming important therapeutic targets in autoimmune disorders, especially in those affecting the brain and the gut, where dopamine levels strongly change with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia M Vidal
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile. .,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
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Li C, Liu S, Lu X, Tao F. Role of Descending Dopaminergic Pathways in Pain Modulation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:1176-1182. [PMID: 31182003 PMCID: PMC7057207 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190430102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain, especially when chronic, is a common reason patients seek medical care and it affects the quality of life and well-being of the patients. Unfortunately, currently available therapies for chronic pain are often inadequate because the neurobiological basis of such pain is still not fully understood. Although dopamine has been known as a neurotransmitter to mediate reward and motivation, accumulating evidence has shown that dopamine systems in the brain are also involved in the central regulation of chronic pain. Most importantly, descending dopaminergic pathways play an important role in pain modulation. In this review, we discuss dopamine receptors, dopaminergic systems in the brain, and the role of descending dopaminergic pathways in the modulation of different types of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xihua Lu
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Feng Tao, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX 75246, USA; Tel: 1-214-828-8272; E-mail: and Xihua Lu, 127 Dongming Road,Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China; Tel: 86-371-6558-7320; E-mail:
| | - Feng Tao
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Feng Tao, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX 75246, USA; Tel: 1-214-828-8272; E-mail: and Xihua Lu, 127 Dongming Road,Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China; Tel: 86-371-6558-7320; E-mail:
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Ferré S, Díaz-Ríos M, Salamone JD, Prediger RD. New Developments on the Adenosine Mechanisms of the Central Effects of Caffeine and Their Implications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2018; 8:121-131. [PMID: 30596206 PMCID: PMC6306650 DOI: 10.1089/caff.2018.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on interactions between striatal adenosine and dopamine and one of its main targets, the adenosine A2A receptor–dopamine D2 receptor (A2AR–D2R) heteromer, have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the psychostimulant effects of caffeine and have brought forward new data on the mechanisms of operation of classical orthosteric ligands within G protein-coupled receptor heteromers. The striatal A2AR–D2R heteromer has a tetrameric structure and forms part of a signaling complex that includes a Gs and a Gi protein and the effector adenyl cyclase (subtype AC5). Another target of caffeine, the adenosine A1 receptor–dopamine D1 receptor (A1R–D1R) heteromer, seems to have a very similar structure. Initially suggested to be localized in the striatum, the A1R–D1R heteromer has now been identified in the spinal motoneuron and shown to mediate the spinally generated caffeine-induced locomotion. In this study, we review the recently discovered properties of A2AR–D2R and A1R–D1R heteromers. Our studies demonstrate that these complexes are a necessary condition to sustain the canonical antagonistic interaction between a Gs-coupled receptor (A2AR or D1R) and a Gi-coupled receptor (D2R or A1R) at the adenylyl cyclase level, which constitutes a new concept in the field of G protein-coupled receptor physiology and pharmacology. A2AR antagonists targeting the striatal A2AR–D2R heteromer are already being considered as therapeutic agents in Parkinson's disease. In this study, we review the preclinical evidence that indicates that caffeine and A2AR antagonists could be used to treat the motivational symptoms of depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, while A1R antagonists selectively targeting the spinal A1R–D1R heteromer could be used in the recovery of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Manuel Díaz-Ríos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - John D Salamone
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Oranth A, Schultheis C, Tolstenkov O, Erbguth K, Nagpal J, Hain D, Brauner M, Wabnig S, Steuer Costa W, McWhirter RD, Zels S, Palumbos S, Miller III DM, Beets I, Gottschalk A. Food Sensation Modulates Locomotion by Dopamine and Neuropeptide Signaling in a Distributed Neuronal Network. Neuron 2018; 100:1414-1428.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ohtake Y, Sami A, Jiang X, Horiuchi M, Slattery K, Ma L, Smith GM, Selzer ME, Muramatsu SI, Li S. Promoting Axon Regeneration in Adult CNS by Targeting Liver Kinase B1. Mol Ther 2018; 27:102-117. [PMID: 30509565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a downstream effector of cyclic AMP (cAMP)/PKA and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways, is a determinant for migration and differentiation of many cells, but its role in CNS axon regeneration is unknown. Therefore, LKB1 was overexpressed in sensorimotor cortex of adult mice five days after mid-thoracic spinal cord injury, using an AAV2 vector. Regeneration of corticospinal axons was dramatically enhanced. Next, systemic injection of a mutant-AAV9 vector was used to upregulate LKB1 specifically in neurons. This promoted long-distance regeneration of injured corticospinal fibers into caudal spinal cord in adult mice and regrowth of descending serotonergic and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive axons. Either intracortical or systemic viral delivery of LKB1 significantly improved recovery of locomotor functions in adult mice with spinal cord injury. Moreover, we demonstrated that LKB1 used AMPKα, NUAK1, and ERK as the downstream effectors in the cortex of adult mice. Thus, LKB1 may be a critical factor for enhancing the growth capacity of mature neurons and may be an important molecular target in the treatment of CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ohtake
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Armin Sami
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xinpei Jiang
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Makoto Horiuchi
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kieran Slattery
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Lena Ma
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - George M Smith
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael E Selzer
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shuxin Li
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Koblinger K, Jean-Xavier C, Sharma S, Füzesi T, Young L, Eaton SEA, Kwok CHT, Bains JS, Whelan PJ. Optogenetic Activation of A11 Region Increases Motor Activity. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:86. [PMID: 30364230 PMCID: PMC6193508 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbic brain regions drive goal-directed behaviors. These behaviors often require dynamic motor responses, but the functional connectome of limbic structures in the diencephalon that control locomotion is not well known. The A11 region, within the posterior diencephalon has been postulated to contribute to motor function and control of pain. Here we show that the A11 region initiates movement. Photostimulation of channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) transfected neurons in A11 slice preparations showed that neurons could follow stimulation at frequencies of 20 Hz. Our data show that photostimulation of ChR2 transfected neurons in the A11 region enhances motor activity often leading to locomotion. Using vGluT2-reporter and vGAT-reporter mice we show that the A11 tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH) dopaminergic neurons are vGluT2 and vGAT negative. We find that in addition to dopaminergic neurons within the A11 region, there is another neuronal subtype which expresses the monoenzymatic aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), but not TH, a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of catecholamines including dopamine. This monoaminergic-based motor circuit may be involved in the control of motor behavior as part of a broader diencephalic motor region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Koblinger
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Céline Jean-Xavier
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tamás Füzesi
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Leanne Young
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shane E A Eaton
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Charlie Hong Ting Kwok
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jaideep Singh Bains
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Patrick J Whelan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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50
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Functional Recovery of a Locomotor Network after Injury: Plasticity beyond the Central Nervous System. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0195-18. [PMID: 30073189 PMCID: PMC6071192 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0195-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many animals depend on descending information from the brain for the initiation and proper execution of locomotion. Interestingly, after injury and the loss of such inputs, locomotor function can sometimes be regained without the regrowth of central connections. In the medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana, we have shown that crawling reemerges after removal of descending inputs. Here, we studied the mechanisms underlying this return of locomotion by asking if central pattern generators (CPGs) in crawl-recovered leeches are sufficient to produce crawl-specific intersegmental coordination. From recovered animals, we treated isolated chains of ganglia with dopamine to activate the crawl CPGs (one crawl CPG per ganglion) and observed fictive crawl-like bursting in the dorsal-longitudinal-excitor motoneuron (DE-3), an established crawl-monitor neuron. However, these preparations did not exhibit crawl-specific coordination across the CPGs. Although the crawl CPGs always generated bidirectional activation of adjacent CPGs, we never observed crawl-appropriate intersegmental phase delays. Because central circuits alone were unable to organize crawl-specific coordination, we tested the coordinating role of the peripheral nervous system. In transected leeches normally destined for recovery, we removed afferent information to the anterior-most (lead) ganglion located below the nerve-cord transection site. In these dually treated animals, overt crawling was greatly delayed or prevented. After filling the peripheral nerves with Neurobiotin tracer distal to the nerve-root lesion, we found a perfect correlation between regrowth of peripheral neuronal fibers and crawl recovery. Our study establishes that during recovery after injury, crawl-specific intersegmental coordination switches to a new dependence on afferent information.
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