1
|
Mao T, Fang Z, Chai Y, Deng Y, Rao J, Quan P, Goel N, Basner M, Guo B, Dinges DF, Liu J, Detre JA, Rao H. Sleep deprivation attenuates neural responses to outcomes from risky decision-making. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14465. [PMID: 37905305 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Sleep loss impacts a broad range of brain and cognitive functions. However, how sleep deprivation affects risky decision-making remains inconclusive. This study used functional MRI to examine the impact of one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) on risky decision-making behavior and the underlying brain responses in healthy adults. In this study, we analyzed data from N = 56 participants in a strictly controlled 5-day and 4-night in-laboratory study using a modified Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Participants completed two scan sessions in counter-balanced order, including one scan during rested wakefulness (RW) and another scan after one night of TSD. Results showed no differences in participants' risk-taking propensity and risk-induced activation between RW and TSD. However, participants showed significantly reduced neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral insula for loss outcomes, and in bilateral putamen for win outcomes during TSD compared with RW. Moreover, risk-induced activation in the insula negatively correlated with participants' risk-taking propensity during RW, while no such correlations were observed after TSD. These findings suggest that sleep loss may impact risky decision-making by attenuating neural responses to decision outcomes and impairing brain-behavior associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Mao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhuo Fang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute of mental health research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ya Chai
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yao Deng
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joy Rao
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Research Center for Quality of Life and Applied Psychology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mathias Basner
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bowen Guo
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - David F Dinges
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ivanov I, Miraglia B, Prodanova D, Newcorn JH. Sleep Disordered Breathing and Risk for ADHD: Review of Supportive Evidence and Proposed Underlying Mechanisms. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:686-698. [PMID: 38353411 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241232313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is under-recognized in youth and adults with ADHD. SDB may contribute to exacerbating pre-existing ADHD symptoms and may play a role in the development of cognitive deficits that may mimic ADHD symptoms. METHOD We conducted a focused review of publications on cross-prevalence, overlapping clinical and neurobiological characteristics and possible mechanisms linking SDB and ADHD. RESULTS Exiting studies suggest that co-occurrence of SDB and ADHD is as high as 50%, with frequent overlap of clinical symptoms such as distractibility and inattention. Mechanisms linking these conditions may include hypoxia during sleep, sleep fragmentation and activation of inflammation, all of which may affect brain structure and physiology to produce disturbances in attention. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between SDB and ADHD symptoms appear well-supported and suggests that more research is needed to better optimize procedures for SDB assessment in youth being evaluated and/or treated for ADHD.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdelhack M, Zhukovsky P, Milic M, Harita S, Wainberg M, Tripathy SJ, Griffiths JD, Hill SL, Felsky D. Opposing brain signatures of sleep in task-based and resting-state conditions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7927. [PMID: 38040769 PMCID: PMC10692207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and depression have a complex, bidirectional relationship, with sleep-associated alterations in brain dynamics and structure impacting a range of symptoms and cognitive abilities. Previous work describing these relationships has provided an incomplete picture by investigating only one or two types of sleep measures, depression, or neuroimaging modalities in parallel. We analyze the correlations between brainwide neural signatures of sleep, cognition, and depression in task and resting-state data from over 30,000 individuals from the UK Biobank and Human Connectome Project. Neural signatures of insomnia and depression are negatively correlated with those of sleep duration measured by accelerometer in the task condition but positively correlated in the resting-state condition. Our results show that resting-state neural signatures of insomnia and depression resemble that of rested wakefulness. This is further supported by our finding of hypoconnectivity in task but hyperconnectivity in resting-state data in association with insomnia and depression. These observations dispute conventional assumptions about the neurofunctional manifestations of hyper- and hypo-somnia, and may explain inconsistent findings in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelhack
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Zhukovsky
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Milos Milic
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shreyas Harita
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Wainberg
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shreejoy J Tripathy
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John D Griffiths
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sean L Hill
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Felsky
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thondala B, Pawar H, Chauhan G, Panjwani U. The effect of non-pharmacological interventions on sleep quality in people with sleep disturbances: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1333-1353. [PMID: 37853577 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2262567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is the elixir of life. Both healthy populations and patients with chronic diseases experience sleep disturbances in their lifetime. Pharmacological agents to induce sleep in individuals with sleep disturbances pose side effects like tolerance and dependence, warranting the development of alternative non-pharmacological interventions with less or no adverse effects. However, deciphering comprehensive evidence on the translational potential of these alternative therapies remains difficult. In the current paper, we systematically reviewed the recent literature on the effect of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) on improving sleep quality in both healthy and diseased populations experiencing sleep disturbances. We searched PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases from inception to June 2022 for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies evaluating the sleep quality of individuals. We performed a meta-analysis using the random effects model with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) as an outcome measure to evaluate the effect of five distinct NPIs on sleep quality in normal and people with different medical conditions. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were done for heterogeneity analysis and to check the consistency of results, respectively. In 16 trials reporting on 1885 subjects, that all NPIs like Resistance Training (SMD -0.29, 95% CI -0.64 to 0.05; p = 0.09); Yoga (SMD -0.48, 95% CI -0.72 to -0.25; p < 0.0001); Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (SMD -1.69, 95% CI -2.70 to -0.68; p = 0.001); Music (SMD -1.42, 95% CI -1.99 to -0.85; p < 0.00001); Light (SMD -0.43, 95% CI -0.77 to -0.09; p = 0.01) have substantially decreased the global PSQI scores. The findings of the randomized studies and a cohort study included in qualitative synthesis demonstrated that the global PSQI scores improved significantly as compared to the placebo groups. Despite the limitations of clinical heterogeneity in subjects, our results demonstrate a positive impact of the studied NPIs on sleep quality in individuals experiencing sleep disturbances. However, comprehensive double-blinded controlled trials are indispensable in the future, emphasizing the objective sleep quality and inter-individual differences in response to the intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhanuteja Thondala
- Department of Soldier Performance, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Pawar
- Department of Soldier Performance, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi, India
| | - Garima Chauhan
- Department of Soldier Performance, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi, India
| | - Usha Panjwani
- Department of Soldier Performance, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chao THH, Lee B, Hsu LM, Cerri DH, Zhang WT, Wang TWW, Ryali S, Menon V, Shih YYI. Neuronal dynamics of the default mode network and anterior insular cortex: Intrinsic properties and modulation by salient stimuli. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade5732. [PMID: 36791185 PMCID: PMC9931216 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is critical for self-referential mental processes, and its dysfunction is implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the neurophysiological properties and task-based functional organization of the rodent DMN are poorly understood, limiting its translational utility. Here, we combine fiber photometry with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and computational modeling to characterize dynamics of putative rat DMN nodes and their interactions with the anterior insular cortex (AI) of the salience network. Our analysis revealed neuronal activity changes in AI and DMN nodes preceding fMRI-derived DMN activations and cyclical transitions between brain network states. Furthermore, we demonstrate that salient oddball stimuli suppress the DMN and enhance AI neuronal activity and that the AI causally inhibits the retrosplenial cortex, a prominent DMN node. These findings elucidate the neurophysiological foundations of the rodent DMN, its spatiotemporal dynamical properties, and modulation by salient stimuli, paving the way for future translational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hao Harry Chao
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Byeongwook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Li-Ming Hsu
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Domenic Hayden Cerri
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei-Ting Zhang
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen Winnie Wang
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Srikanth Ryali
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The restorative function of sleep is shaped by its duration, timing, continuity, subjective quality, and efficiency. Current sleep recommendations specify only nocturnal duration and have been largely derived from sleep self-reports that can be imprecise and miss relevant details. Sleep duration, preferred timing, and ability to withstand sleep deprivation are heritable traits whose expression may change with age and affect the optimal sleep prescription for an individual. Prevailing societal norms and circumstances related to work and relationships interact to influence sleep opportunity and quality. The value of allocating time for sleep is revealed by the impact of its restriction on behavior, functional brain imaging, sleep macrostructure, and late-life cognition. Augmentation of sleep slow oscillations and spindles have been proposed for enhancing sleep quality, but they inconsistently achieve their goal. Crafting bespoke sleep recommendations could benefit from large-scale, longitudinal collection of objective sleep data integrated with behavioral and self-reported data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth L F Leong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ,
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang H, Tian Y, Wang Y, He Q, Qiu J, Feng T, Chen H, Lei X. Distinct neural responses of morningness and eveningness chronotype to homeostatic sleep pressure revealed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1439-1446. [PMID: 35699408 PMCID: PMC9344083 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronotype is an appropriate variable to investigate sleep homeostatic and circadian rhythm. Based on functional MRI, the resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) of insula‐angular decrease with the increase in homeostatic sleep pressure (HSP). However, the distinct neural response of different chronotype remained to be clarified. Therefore, we investigated how HSP influenced insular‐angular neural interaction of different chronotype. Methods 64 morningness‐chronotype (MCPs) and 128 eveningness‐chronotype participants (ECPs) received resting‐state functional MRI (rsfMRI) scan. HSP was divided into three levels (Low, Medium, and High) based on the elapsed time awake. Insular‐angular rsFC was calculated for MCPs and ECPs on each HSP. Results As the levels of HSP increased, the negative rsFC between right insular and bilateral angular increased in MCPs while decreased in ECPs. Specifically, ECPs compared with MCPs showed lower rsFC at medium levels of HSP, but higher rsFC at high levels of HSP. In addition, ECPs compared with MCPs exhibited lower rsFC between right insular and right angular at low levels of HSP. Conclusion The distinct modes of rsFC was found in different chronotype in response to HSP. The results provided the foundation and evidence for investigating the processes of circadian rhythm and sleep homeostatic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haien Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Klösch G, Zeitlhofer J, Ipsiroglu O. Revisiting the Concept of Vigilance. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:874757. [PMID: 35774096 PMCID: PMC9237243 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.874757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vigilance deficits can be observed after a period of prolonged, continuous wakefulness. In this context there has been extensive research targeting the impact of sleep deficits on different aspects of vigilance, but the underlying concept of vigilance was hardly ever addressed and discussed. One reason for this shortcoming is the unclear and ambiguous definition of the term vigilance, which is commonly used interchangeably with sustained attention and even wakefulness. This confusion is the result of a wide range of misleading definitions, starting in the 1940s, as psychologists redefined the concept of vigilance suggested by British Neurologist, Henry Head, in 1923. Nevertheless, the concept of vigilance is still useful and innovative, especially in treating sleep problems in children and young adults. This paper reviews the current usage of the term vigilance in sleep-wake-research and describes not only the benefits, but even more clearly, its limitations. By re-focusing on the definitions given by Henry Head, the concept of vigilance is an innovative way to gather new insights into the interplay between sleep- and daytime behaviors. In addition, future research on vigilance should consider three perspectives: 1st vigilance perceived as a process to allocate resources, 2nd vigilance associated with compensatory behaviors and 3rd the role of vigilance in human environmental interactions. This approach, understood as a conceptual framework, provides new perspectives by targeting sleep-wake behaviors as a 'real life' outcome measure, reflecting both physical and cognitive performance as well as sleep quality and quantity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Klösch
- Department of Neurology, Sleep Lab, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Zeitlhofer
- Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Osman Ipsiroglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,H-Behaviours Research Lab, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mao T, Dinges D, Deng Y, Zhao K, Yang Z, Lei H, Fang Z, Yang FN, Galli O, Goel N, Basner M, Rao H. Impaired Vigilant Attention Partly Accounts for Inhibition Control Deficits After Total Sleep Deprivation and Partial Sleep Restriction. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1545-1560. [PMID: 34557048 PMCID: PMC8455079 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s314769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep loss impairs a range of neurobehavioral functions, particularly vigilant attention and arousal. However, the detrimental effects of sleep deprivation on inhibition control and its relationship to vigilant attention impairments remain unclear. This study examined the extent to which vigilant attention deficits contribute to inhibition control performance after one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) and two nights of partial sleep restriction (PSR). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We analyzed data from N = 49 participants in a one-night of TSD experiment, N=16 participants in a control experiment without sleep loss, and N = 16 participants in a two-nights of PSR experiment (time in bed, TIB = 6 h for each night). Throughout waking periods in each condition, participants completed the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), which measures vigilant attention, and the Go/No-Go task, which measures inhibition control. RESULTS After TSD and PSR, participants displayed significantly slower reaction times (RT) and more lapses in PVT performance, as well as slower Go RT and more errors of omission during the Go/No-Go task. PVT deficits accounted for 18.0% of the change in Go RT and 12.4% of the change in errors of omission in the TSD study, and 23.7% of the change in Go RT and 20.3% of the change in errors of omission in the PSR study. CONCLUSION Both TSD and PSR impaired inhibition control during the Go/No-Go task, which can be partly accounted for by vigilant attention deficits during the PVT. These findings support the key role of vigilant attention in maintaining overall neurobehavioral function after sleep loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Dinges
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ke Zhao
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zijing Yang
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Lei
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhuo Fang
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fan Nils Yang
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olga Galli
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mathias Basner
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alsameen M, DiFrancesco MW, Drummond SPA, Franzen PL, Beebe DW. Neuronal activation and performance changes in working memory induced by chronic sleep restriction in adolescents. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13304. [PMID: 33615598 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Most adolescents get less than the recommended 8-10 hr of sleep per night. Functional deficits from lack of sleep include disruption of working memory. Adult neuroimaging studies of sleep deprivation suggest diminished responses in task-related brain networks if performance degrades, but compensatory increased responses with maintained performance. This study utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine compensatory and diminished brain responses in adolescents during working memory performance, comparing chronic sleep restriction and healthy sleep duration. Thirty-six healthy adolescents, 14-17 years old, experienced a 3-week protocol: (a) sleep phase stabilization; (b) sleep restriction (~6.5 hr nightly); and (c) healthy sleep duration (~9 hr nightly). After each sleep manipulation, we acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging with an NBack working memory task with four difficulty levels (0 to 3-back). NBack performance degraded with higher task difficulty, but without a detectable effect of sleep duration. ANOVA revealed main effects of both NBack difficulty and sleep in widespread brain networks. Planned contrasts showed that, compared with healthy sleep, sleep restriction resulted in greater medial prefrontal activation and weaker activation in the precuneus for the most difficult task condition. During sleep restriction, we found compensatory functional responses in brain regions that process sensory input and vigilance. However, adolescents also showed impaired performance and diminished brain responses during the hardest task level under a week of chronic sleep restriction. Chronic sleep restriction during adolescence is common. Understanding the impact of ongoing functional compensation and performance breakdown during this developmental period can have important implications for learning and educational strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alsameen
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mark W DiFrancesco
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter L Franzen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dean W Beebe
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li B, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Peng J, Shao Y, Zhang X. Decreased Functional Connectivity Between the Right Precuneus and Middle Frontal Gyrus Is Related to Attentional Decline Following Acute Sleep Deprivation. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:530257. [PMID: 33408600 PMCID: PMC7779587 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.530257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Acute sleep deprivation (SD) seriously affects cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, and response inhibition. Previous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated a close relationship between the functional activities of the precuneus (PC) and the function of alert attention. However, the specific effect of the PC on attention decline after acute SD has not been elucidated. In this study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the relationship between the changes of the PC functional connectivity and alertness decline after total SD. Methods Thirty healthy, right-handed adult men participated in the experiment. Alert attention and functional connectivity were assessed by the Psychomotor Vigilance Test and a resting-state fMRI scan before and after total SD. The region of interest to region of interest (“ROI-to-ROI”) correlation was employed to analyze the relationship between the PC and other brain regions after acute SD. Results Participants showed decreased alert attention after total SD. In addition, SD induced decreased functional connectivity between the right PC and the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the decreased PC functional connectivity and alertness decline after total SD. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the interruption of the connection between the right PC and the right MFG is related to the observed decline in alert attention after acute SD. These results provide evidence further elucidating the cognitive impairment model of SD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bozhi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Psychology Medical, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxi Peng
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongcong Shao
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen X, Zhang L, Yang D, Li C, An G, Wang J, Shao Y, Fan R, Ma Q. Effects of Caffeine on Event-Related Potentials and Neuropsychological Indices After Sleep Deprivation. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:108. [PMID: 32714162 PMCID: PMC7347038 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that can effectively alleviate brain fatigue and low cognitive efficiency induced by total sleep deprivation (TSD). Recent studies have demonstrated that caffeine can improve subjective attention and objective behavioral metrics, such as arousal level, reaction time, and memory efficiency. However, only a few studies have examined the electrophysiological changes caused by the caffeine in humans following sleep disturbance. In this study, an event-related potential (ERP) technique was employed to measure the behavioral, cognitive, and electrophysiological changes produced by caffeine administration after TSD. Methods: Sixteen healthy subjects within-subject design performed a visual Go/No-Go task with simultaneous electroencephalogram recording. Behavioral and ERP data were evaluated after 36 h of TSD, and the effects of ingestion of either 400 mg of caffeine or placebo were compared in a double-blind randomized design. Results: Compared with placebo administration, the Go hit rates were significantly enhanced in the caffeine condition. A simple effect analysis revealed that, compared with baseline, the Go-P2 amplitude was significantly enhanced after TSD in the caffeine consumption condition. A significant main effect of the drug was found on No-Go-P2, No-Go-N2 amplitude, and Go-P2 latency before and after TSD. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that caffeine administration has acute effects on improving the efficiency of individual automatic reactions and early cognitive processes. Caffeine was related to the preservation of an individual’s arousal level and accelerated response-related decisions, while subjects’ higher-level recognition had limited improvement with prolonged awareness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Chen
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Danfeng Yang
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Gaihong An
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongcong Shao
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Central Laboratory, Xi Qing Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Network-based Responses to the Psychomotor Vigilance Task during Lapses in Adolescents after Short and Extended Sleep. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13913. [PMID: 31558730 PMCID: PMC6763427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies of the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) have revealed brain regions involved in attention lapses in sleep-deprived and well-rested adults. Those studies have focused on individual brain regions, rather than integrated brain networks, and have overlooked adolescence, a period of ongoing brain development and endemic short sleep. This study used functional MRI (fMRI) and a contemporary analytic approach to assess time-resolved peri-stimulus response of key brain networks when adolescents complete the PVT, and test for differences across attentive versus inattentive periods and after short sleep versus well-rested states. Healthy 14–17-year-olds underwent a within-subjects randomized protocol including 5-night spans of extended versus short sleep. PVT was performed during fMRI the morning after each sleep condition. Event-related independent component analysis (eICA) identified coactivating functional networks and corresponding time courses. Analysis of salient time course characteristics tested the effects of sleep condition, lapses, and their interaction. Seven eICA networks were identified supporting attention, executive control, motor, visual, and default-mode functions. Attention lapses, after either sleep manipulation, were accompanied by broadly increased response magnitudes post-stimulus and delayed peak responses in some networks. Well-circumscribed networks respond during the PVT in adolescents, with timing and intensity impacted by attentional lapses regardless of experimentally shortened or extended sleep.
Collapse
|
14
|
Javaheripour N, Shahdipour N, Noori K, Zarei M, Camilleri JA, Laird AR, Fox PT, Eickhoff SB, Eickhoff CR, Rosenzweig I, Khazaie H, Tahmasian M. Functional brain alterations in acute sleep deprivation: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2019; 46:64-73. [PMID: 31063939 PMCID: PMC7279069 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is a common problem in modern societies, which leads to cognitive dysfunctions including attention lapses, impaired working memory, hindering decision making, impaired emotional processing, and motor vehicle accidents. Numerous neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural correlates of SD, but these studies have reported inconsistent results. Thus, we aimed to identify convergent patterns of abnormal brain functions due to acute SD. Based on the preferred reporting for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement, we searched the PubMed database and performed reference tracking and finally retrieved 31 eligible functional neuroimaging studies. Then, we applied activation estimation likelihood meta-analysis and found reduced activity mainly in the right intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule. The functional decoding analysis using the BrainMap database indicated that this region is mostly related to visuospatial perception, memory and reasoning. The significant co-activation of this region using the BrainMap database were found in the left superior parietal lobule, intraparietal sulcus, bilateral occipital cortex, left fusiform gyrus and thalamus. This region also connected with the superior parietal lobule, intraparietal sulcus, insula, inferior frontal gyrus, precentral, occipital and cerebellum through resting-state functional connectivity in healthy subjects. Taken together, our findings highlight the role of superior parietal cortex in SD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Javaheripour
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Shahdipour
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Noori
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Zarei
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Julia A Camilleri
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Healthcare System University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1; INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia R Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1; INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, GSTT NHS, London, UK; Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, IOPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Masoud Tahmasian
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The large-scale functional connectivity correlates of consciousness and arousal during the healthy and pathological human sleep cycle. Neuroimage 2017; 160:55-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
16
|
Slow wave activity and executive dysfunction in children with sleep disordered breathing. Sleep Breath 2017; 22:517-525. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-017-1570-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Tüshaus L, Balsters JH, Schläpfer A, Brandeis D, O’Gorman Tuura R, Achermann P. Resisting Sleep Pressure: Impact on Resting State Functional Network Connectivity. Brain Topogr 2017; 30:757-773. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-017-0575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
18
|
Abstract
How does a lack of sleep affect our brains? In contrast to the benefits of sleep, frameworks exploring the impact of sleep loss are relatively lacking. Importantly, the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) do not simply reflect the absence of sleep and the benefits attributed to it; rather, they reflect the consequences of several additional factors, including extended wakefulness. With a focus on neuroimaging studies, we review the consequences of SD on attention and working memory, positive and negative emotion, and hippocampal learning. We explore how this evidence informs our mechanistic understanding of the known changes in cognition and emotion associated with SD, and the insights it provides regarding clinical conditions associated with sleep disruption.
Collapse
|
19
|
Allen EA, Damaraju E, Eichele T, Wu L, Calhoun VD. EEG Signatures of Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity States. Brain Topogr 2017; 31:101-116. [PMID: 28229308 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-017-0546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human brain operates by dynamically modulating different neural populations to enable goal directed behavior. The synchrony or lack thereof between different brain regions is thought to correspond to observed functional connectivity dynamics in resting state brain imaging data. In a large sample of healthy human adult subjects and utilizing a sliding windowed correlation method on functional imaging data, earlier we demonstrated the presence of seven distinct functional connectivity states/patterns between different brain networks that reliably occur across time and subjects. Whether these connectivity states correspond to meaningful electrophysiological signatures was not clear. In this study, using a dataset with concurrent EEG and resting state functional imaging data acquired during eyes open and eyes closed states, we demonstrate the replicability of previous findings in an independent sample, and identify EEG spectral signatures associated with these functional network connectivity changes. Eyes open and eyes closed conditions show common and different connectivity patterns that are associated with distinct EEG spectral signatures. Certain connectivity states are more prevalent in the eyes open case and some occur only in eyes closed state. Both conditions exhibit a state of increased thalamocortical anticorrelation associated with reduced EEG spectral alpha power and increased delta and theta power possibly reflecting drowsiness. This state occurs more frequently in the eyes closed state. In summary, we find a link between dynamic connectivity in fMRI data and concurrently collected EEG data, including a large effect of vigilance on functional connectivity. As demonstrated with EEG and fMRI, the stationarity of connectivity cannot be assumed, even for relatively short periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Allen
- The Mind Research Network & LBERI, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - E Damaraju
- The Mind Research Network & LBERI, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - T Eichele
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergan, Norway.,Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergan, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Section for Neurophysiology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Mons, Norway
| | - L Wu
- The Mind Research Network & LBERI, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - V D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network & LBERI, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Changes in brain activity accompanying shifts in vigilance and arousal can interfere with the study of other intrinsic and task-evoked characteristics of brain function. However, the difficulty of tracking and modeling the arousal state during functional MRI (fMRI) typically precludes the assessment of arousal-dependent influences on fMRI signals. Here we combine fMRI, electrophysiology, and the monitoring of eyelid behavior to demonstrate an approach for tracking continuous variations in arousal level from fMRI data. We first characterize the spatial distribution of fMRI signal fluctuations that track a measure of behavioral arousal; taking this pattern as a template, and using the local field potential as a simultaneous and independent measure of cortical activity, we observe that the time-varying expression level of this template in fMRI data provides a close approximation of electrophysiological arousal. We discuss the potential benefit of these findings for increasing the sensitivity of fMRI as a cognitive and clinical biomarker.
Collapse
|
21
|
Heart rate variability and cognitive processing: The autonomic response to task demands. Biol Psychol 2015; 113:83-90. [PMID: 26638762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated variations in heart rate variability (HRV) as a function of cognitive demands. Participants completed an execution condition including the psychomotor vigilance task, a working memory task and a duration discrimination task. The control condition consisted of oddball versions (participants had to detect the rare event) of the tasks from the execution condition, designed to control for the effect of the task parameters (stimulus duration and stimulus rate) on HRV. The NASA-TLX questionnaire was used as a subjective measure of cognitive workload across tasks and conditions. Three major findings emerged from this study. First, HRV varied as a function of task demands (with the lowest values in the working memory task). Second, and crucially, we found similar HRV values when comparing each of the tasks with its oddball control equivalent, and a significant decrement in HRV as a function of time-on-task. Finally, the NASA-TLX results showed larger cognitive workload in the execution condition than in the oddball control condition, and scores variations as a function of task. Taken together, our results suggest that HRV is highly sensitive to overall demands of sustained attention over and above the influence of other cognitive processes suggested by previous literature. In addition, our study highlights a potential dissociation between objective and subjective measures of mental workload, with important implications in applied settings.
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang CS, Pal NR, Chuang CH, Lin CT. Identifying changes in EEG information transfer during drowsy driving by transfer entropy. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:570. [PMID: 26557069 PMCID: PMC4615826 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drowsy driving is a major cause of automobile accidents. Previous studies used neuroimaging based approaches such as analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) activities to understand the brain dynamics of different cortical regions during drowsy driving. However, the coupling between brain regions responding to this vigilance change is still unclear. To have a comprehensive understanding of neural mechanisms underlying drowsy driving, in this study we use transfer entropy, a model-free measure of effective connectivity based on information theory. We investigate the pattern of information transfer between brain regions when the vigilance level, which is derived from the driving performance, changes from alertness to drowsiness. Results show that the couplings between pairs of frontal, central, and parietal areas increased at the intermediate level of vigilance, which suggests that an enhancement of the cortico-cortical interaction is necessary to maintain the task performance and prevent behavioral lapses. Additionally, the occipital-related connectivity magnitudes monotonically decreases as the vigilance level declines, which further supports the cortical gating of sensory stimuli during drowsiness. Neurophysiological evidence of mutual relationships between brain regions measured by transfer entropy might enhance the understanding of cortico-cortical communication during drowsy driving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Sheng Huang
- Brain Research Center, National Chiao-Tung University Hsinchu, Taiwan ; Institute of Electrical Control Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Nikhil R Pal
- Electronics and Communication Sciences Unit, Indian Statistical Institute Calcutta, India
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chuang
- Brain Research Center, National Chiao-Tung University Hsinchu, Taiwan ; Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chin-Teng Lin
- Brain Research Center, National Chiao-Tung University Hsinchu, Taiwan ; Institute of Electrical Control Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University Hsinchu, Taiwan ; Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Almklov EL, Drummond SPA, Orff H, Alhassoon OM. The effects of sleep deprivation on brain functioning in older adults. Behav Sleep Med 2015; 13:324-45. [PMID: 24787041 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2014.905474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the effects of total sleep deprivation (TSD) on cognitive performance and brain activation using functional MRI (fMRI) in older adults. The current study examines blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation in older adults and younger adults during the sustained attention (GO) and response inhibition (NOGO) portions of a GO-NOGO cognitive task following 36 hr of total sleep deprivation. No significant performance differences were observed between the groups on the behavioral outcome measures of total hits and false alarms. Neuroimaging results, however, revealed a significant interaction between age-group and sleep-deprivation status. Specifically, older adults showed greater BOLD activation as compared to younger adults after 36 hours total sleep deprivation in brain regions typically associated with attention and inhibitory processes. These results suggest in order for older adults to perform the GO-NOGO task effectively after sleep deprivation, they rely on compensatory recruitment of brain regions that aide in the maintenance of cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Almklov
- a Department of Psychiatry , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim DY, Yoo SS, Tegethoff M, Meinlschmidt G, Lee JH. The Inclusion of Functional Connectivity Information into fMRI-based Neurofeedback Improves Its Efficacy in the Reduction of Cigarette Cravings. J Cogn Neurosci 2015; 27:1552-72. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Real-time fMRI (rtfMRI) neurofeedback (NF) facilitates volitional control over brain activity and the modulation of associated mental functions. The NF signals of traditional rtfMRI-NF studies predominantly reflect neuronal activity within ROIs. In this study, we describe a novel rtfMRI-NF approach that includes a functional connectivity (FC) component in the NF signal (FC-added rtfMRI-NF). We estimated the efficacy of the FC-added rtfMRI-NF method by applying it to nicotine-dependent heavy smokers in an effort to reduce cigarette craving. ACC and medial pFC as well as the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus are associated with cigarette craving and were chosen as ROIs. Fourteen heavy smokers were randomly assigned to receive one of two types of NF: traditional activity-based rtfMRI-NF or FC-added rtfMRI-NF. Participants received rtfMRI-NF training during two separate visits after overnight smoking cessation, and cigarette craving score was assessed. The FC-added rtfMRI-NF resulted in greater neuronal activity and increased FC between the targeted ROIs than the traditional activity-based rtfMRI-NF and resulted in lower craving score. In the FC-added rtfMRI-NF condition, the average of neuronal activity and FC was tightly associated with craving score (Bonferroni-corrected p = .028). However, in the activity-based rtfMRI-NF condition, no association was detected (uncorrected p > .081). Non-rtfMRI data analysis also showed enhanced neuronal activity and FC with FC-added NF than with activity-based NF. These results demonstrate that FC-added rtfMRI-NF facilitates greater volitional control over brain activity and connectivity and greater modulation of mental function than activity-based rtfMRI-NF.
Collapse
|
25
|
Maire M, Reichert CF, Gabel V, Viola AU, Phillips C, Krebs J, Scheffler K, Klarhöfer M, Strobel W, Cajochen C, Schmidt C. Fighting Sleep at Night: Brain Correlates and Vulnerability to Sleep Loss. Ann Neurol 2015; 78:235-47. [PMID: 25940842 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Even though wakefulness at night leads to profound performance deterioration and is regularly experienced by shift workers, its cerebral correlates remain virtually unexplored. METHODS We assessed brain activity in young healthy adults during a vigilant attention task under high and low sleep pressure during night-time, coinciding with strongest circadian sleep drive. We examined sleep-loss-related attentional vulnerability by considering a PERIOD3 polymorphism presumably impacting on sleep homeostasis. RESULTS Our results link higher sleep-loss-related attentional vulnerability to cortical and subcortical deactivation patterns during slow reaction times (i.e., suboptimal vigilant attention). Concomitantly, thalamic regions were progressively less recruited with time-on-task and functionally less connected to task-related and arousal-promoting brain regions in those volunteers showing higher attentional instability in their behavior. The data further suggest that the latter is linked to shifts into a task-inactive default-mode network in between task-relevant stimulus occurrence. INTERPRETATION We provide a multifaceted view on cerebral correlates of sleep loss at night and propose that genetic predisposition entails differential cerebral coping mechanisms, potentially compromising adequate performance during night work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Maire
- Center for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolin Franziska Reichert
- Center for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Gabel
- Center for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antoine U Viola
- Center for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Phillips
- Cyclotron Research Center, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julia Krebs
- Center for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- MRC-Department, MPI for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Klarhöfer
- Department of Medical Radiology, MR-Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Werner Strobel
- Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Center for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Schmidt
- Center for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ma N, Dinges DF, Basner M, Rao H. How acute total sleep loss affects the attending brain: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Sleep 2015; 38:233-40. [PMID: 25409102 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Attention is a cognitive domain that can be severely affected by sleep deprivation. Previous neuroimaging studies have used different attention paradigms and reported both increased and reduced brain activation after sleep deprivation. However, due to large variability in sleep deprivation protocols, task paradigms, experimental designs, characteristics of subject populations, and imaging techniques, there is no consensus regarding the effects of sleep loss on the attending brain. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify brain activations that are commonly altered by acute total sleep deprivation across different attention tasks. DESIGN Coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of performance on attention tasks during experimental sleep deprivation. METHODS The current version of the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) approach was used for meta-analysis. The authors searched published articles and identified 11 sleep deprivation neuroimaging studies using different attention tasks with a total of 185 participants, equaling 81 foci for ALE analysis. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed significantly reduced brain activation in multiple regions following sleep deprivation compared to rested wakefulness, including bilateral intraparietal sulcus, bilateral insula, right prefrontal cortex, medial frontal cortex, and right parahippocampal gyrus. Increased activation was found only in bilateral thalamus after sleep deprivation compared to rested wakefulness. CONCLUSION Acute total sleep deprivation decreases brain activation in the fronto-parietal attention network (prefrontal cortex and intraparietal sulcus) and in the salience network (insula and medial frontal cortex). Increased thalamic activation after sleep deprivation may reflect a complex interaction between the de-arousing effects of sleep loss and the arousing effects of task performance on thalamic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David F Dinges
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mathias Basner
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Drummond SPA, Walker M, Almklov E, Campos M, Anderson DE, Straus LD. Neural correlates of working memory performance in primary insomnia. Sleep 2013; 36:1307-16. [PMID: 23997363 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine neural correlates of working memory performance in patients with primary insomnia (PIs) compared with well-matched good sleepers (GSs). DESIGN Twenty-five PIs and 25 GSs underwent functional MRI while performing an N-back working memory task. SETTING VA hospital sleep laboratory and University-based functional imaging center. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS 25 PIs, 25 GSs. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Although PIs did not differ from GSs in cognitive performance, PIs showed the expected differences from GSs in both self-reported and objective sleep measures. PIs, relative to GSs, showed reduced activation of task-related working memory regions. This manifested both as an overall reduction in activation of task-related regions and specifically as reduced modulation of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with increasing task difficulty. Similarly, PIs showed reduced modulation (i.e., reduced deactivation) of default mode regions with increasing task difficulty, relative to GSs. However, PIs showed intact performance. CONCLUSIONS These data establish a profile of abnormal neural function in primary insomnia, reflected both in reduced engagement of task-appropriate brain regions and an inability to modulate task-irrelevant (i.e., default mode) brain areas during working memory performance. These data have implications for better understanding the neuropathophysiology of the well established, yet little understood, discrepancy between ubiquitous subjective cognitive complaints in primary insomnia and the rarely found objective deficits during testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean P A Drummond
- Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kim H. Involvement of the dorsal and ventral attention networks in oddball stimulus processing: a meta-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:2265-84. [PMID: 23900833 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide the first, comprehensive meta-analysis of the neuroimaging literature regarding greater neural responses to a deviant stimulus in a stream of repeated, standard stimuli, termed here oddball effects. The meta-analysis of 75 independent studies included a comparison of auditory and visual oddball effects and task-relevant and task-irrelevant oddball effects. The results were interpreted with reference to the model in which a large-scale dorsal frontoparietal network embodies a mechanism for orienting attention to the environment, whereas a large-scale ventral frontoparietal network supports the detection of salient, environmental changes. The meta-analysis yielded three main sets of findings. First, ventral network regions were strongly associated with oddball effects and largely common to auditory and visual modalities, indicating a supramodal "alerting" system. Most ventral network components were more strongly associated with task-relevant than task-irrelevant oddball effects, indicating a dynamic interplay of stimulus saliency and internal goals in stimulus-driven engagement of the network. Second, the bilateral inferior frontal junction, an anterior core of the dorsal network, was strongly associated with oddball effects, suggesting a central role in top-down attentional control. However, other dorsal network regions showed no or only modest association with oddball effects, likely reflecting active engagement during both oddball and standard stimulus processing. Finally, prominent oddball effects outside the two networks included the sensory cortex regions, likely reflecting attentive and preattentive modulation of early sensory activity, and subcortical regions involving the putamen, thalamus, and other areas, likely reflecting subcortical involvement in alerting responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkeun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Goel N, Basner M, Rao H, Dinges DF. Circadian rhythms, sleep deprivation, and human performance. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 119:155-90. [PMID: 23899598 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396971-2.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Much of the current science on, and mathematical modeling of, dynamic changes in human performance within and between days is dominated by the two-process model of sleep-wake regulation, which posits a neurobiological drive for sleep that varies homeostatically (increasing as a saturating exponential during wakefulness and decreasing in a like manner during sleep), and a circadian process that neurobiologically modulates both the homeostatic drive for sleep and waking alertness and performance. Endogenous circadian rhythms in neurobehavioral functions, including physiological alertness and cognitive performance, have been demonstrated using special laboratory protocols that reveal the interaction of the biological clock with the sleep homeostatic drive. Individual differences in circadian rhythms and genetic and other components underlying such differences also influence waking neurobehavioral functions. Both acute total sleep deprivation and chronic sleep restriction increase homeostatic sleep drive and degrade waking neurobehavioral functions as reflected in sleepiness, attention, cognitive speed, and memory. Recent evidence indicating a high degree of stability in neurobehavioral responses to sleep loss suggests that these trait-like individual differences are phenotypic and likely involve genetic components, including circadian genes. Recent experiments have revealed both sleep homeostatic and circadian effects on brain metabolism and neural activation. Investigation of the neural and genetic mechanisms underlying the dynamically complex interaction between sleep homeostasis and circadian systems is beginning. A key goal of this work is to identify biomarkers that accurately predict human performance in situations in which the circadian and sleep homeostatic systems are perturbed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namni Goel
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|