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Betancur MI, Case A, Ilich E, Mehta N, Meehan S, Pogrebivsky S, Keir ST, Stevenson K, Brahma B, Gregory S, Chen W, Ashley DM, Bellamkonda R, Mokarram N. A neural tract-inspired conduit for facile, on-demand biopsy of glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae064. [PMID: 38813113 PMCID: PMC11135361 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A major hurdle to effectively treating glioblastoma (GBM) patients is the lack of longitudinal information about tumor progression, evolution, and treatment response. Methods In this study, we report the use of a neural tract-inspired conduit containing aligned polymeric nanofibers (i.e., an aligned nanofiber device) to enable on-demand access to GBM tumors in 2 rodent models. Depending on the experiment, a humanized U87MG xenograft and/or F98-GFP+ syngeneic rat tumor model was chosen to test the safety and functionality of the device in providing continuous sampling access to the tumor and its microenvironment. Results The aligned nanofiber device was safe and provided a high quantity of quality genomic materials suitable for omics analyses and yielded a sufficient number of live cells for in vitro expansion and screening. Transcriptomic and genomic analyses demonstrated continuity between material extracted from the device and that of the primary, intracortical tumor (in the in vivo model). Conclusions The results establish the potential of this neural tract-inspired, aligned nanofiber device as an on-demand, safe, and minimally invasive access point, thus enabling rapid, high-throughput, longitudinal assessment of tumor and its microenvironment, ultimately leading to more informed clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayden Case
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ekaterina Ilich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nalini Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sean Meehan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sabrina Pogrebivsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen T Keir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin Stevenson
- Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barun Brahma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Simon Gregory
- Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, Georgia, USA
| | - David M Ashley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ravi Bellamkonda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nassir Mokarram
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Bellettieri MPG, Anderloni M, Rass V, Kindl P, Donadello K, Taccone FS, Helbok R, Gouvea Bogossian E. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis of metabolites is not correlated to microdialysis measurements in acute brain injured patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 234:108011. [PMID: 37862729 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral microdialysis (CMD) has become an established bedside monitoring modality but its implementation remains complex and costly and is therefore performed only in a few well-trained academic centers. This study investigated the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and CMD glucose and lactate concentrations. METHODS Two centers retrospective study of prospectively collected data. Consecutive adult (>18 years) acutely brain injured patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit between 2010 and 2021 were eligible if CSF and CMD glucose and lactate concentrations were concomitantly measured at least once. RESULTS Of 113 patients being monitored with an external ventricular drainage and CMD, 49 patients (25 from Innsbruck and 24 from Brussels) were eligible for the final analysis, including a total of 96 measurements. Median CMD glucose and lactate concentrations were 1.15 (0.51-1.57) mmol/L and 3.44 (2.24-5.37) mmol/L, respectively; median CSF glucose and lactate concentrations were 4.67 (4.03-5.34) mmol/L and 3.40 (2.85-4.10) mmol/L, respectively. For the first measurements, no correlation between CSF and CMD glucose concentrations (R2 <0.01; p = 0.95) and CSF and CMD lactate concentrations (R2 =0.16; p = 0.09) was found. Considering all measurements, the repeated measure correlation analysis also showed no correlation for glucose (rrm = -0.01; 95% Confidence Intervals -0.306 to 0.281; p = 0.93) and lactate (rrm = -0.11; 95% Confidence Intervals -0.424 to 0.236; p = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS In this study including acute brain injured patients, no correlation between CSF and brain tissue measurements of glucose and lactate was observed. As such, CSF measurements of such metabolites cannot replace CMD findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Anderloni
- Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care B, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Ginaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital Integrated Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Verena Rass
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Kindl
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katia Donadello
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care B, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Ginaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital Integrated Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Silvio Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raimund Helbok
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Elisa Gouvea Bogossian
- Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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3
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Alberts A, Lucke-Wold B. Updates on Improving Imaging Modalities for Traumatic Brain Injury. J Integr Neurosci 2023; 22:142. [PMID: 38176928 PMCID: PMC10776037 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2206142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reports that traumatic brain injury (TBI) was related to over 64,000 deaths in the United States in 2020, equating to more than 611 TBI-related hospitalizations and 176 TBI-related deaths per day. There are both long- and short-term sequelae involved with the pathophysiology of TBI that can range from mild to severe. Recently, more effort has been devoted to understanding the long-term consequences of TBI and how early detection of these injuries can prevent late clinical manifestations. Obtaining proper, detailed imaging is key to guiding the direction of intervention, but there is a gap in the understanding of how TBI imaging can be used to predict and prevent the long-term morbidities seen with even mild forms of TBI. There have been significant strides in the advancement of TBI imaging that allows for quicker, more affordable, and more effective imaging of intracranial bleeds, axonal injury, tissue damage, and more. Despite this, there is still room for improved standardization and more data supporting the justification of using certain imaging modalities. This review aims to outline recent advancements in TBI imaging and areas that require further investigation to improve patient outcomes and minimize the acute and chronic comorbidities associated with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Alberts
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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4
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Lin IH, Kamnaksh A, Aniceto R, McCullough J, Bekdash R, Eklund M, Ghatan PH, Risling M, Svensson M, Bellander BM, Nelson DW, Thelin EP, Agoston DV. Time-Dependent Changes in the Biofluid Levels of Neural Injury Markers in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients-Cerebrospinal Fluid and Cerebral Microdialysates: A Longitudinal Prospective Pilot Study. Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:107-117. [PMID: 36895820 PMCID: PMC9989523 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2022.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring protein biomarker levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can help assess injury severity and outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Determining injury-induced changes in the proteome of brain extracellular fluid (bECF) can more closely reflect changes in the brain parenchyma, but bECF is not routinely available. The aim of this pilot study was to compare time-dependent changes of S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), total Tau, and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) levels in matching CSF and bECF samples collected at 1, 3, and 5 days post-injury from severe TBI patients (n = 7; GCS 3-8) using microcapillary-based western analysis. We found that time-dependent changes in CSF and bECF levels were most pronounced for S100B and NSE, but there was substantial patient-to-patient variability. Importantly, the temporal pattern of biomarker changes in CSF and bECF samples showed similar trends. We also detected two different immunoreactive forms of S100B in both CSF and bECF samples, but the contribution of the different immunoreactive forms to total immunoreactivity varied from patient to patient and time point to time point. Our study is limited, but it illustrates the value of both quantitative and qualitative analysis of protein biomarkers and the importance of serial sampling for biofluid analysis after severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alaa Kamnaksh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roxanne Aniceto
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesse McCullough
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ramsey Bekdash
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Eklund
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Per Hamid Ghatan
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mårten Risling
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Svensson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo-Michael Bellander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David W Nelson
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Section of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Peter Thelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denes V Agoston
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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5
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Nordström CH, Forsse A, Jakobsen RP, Mölström S, Nielsen TH, Toft P, Ungerstedt U. Bedside interpretation of cerebral energy metabolism utilizing microdialysis in neurosurgical and general intensive care. Front Neurol 2022; 13:968288. [PMID: 36034291 PMCID: PMC9399721 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.968288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The microdialysis technique was initially developed for monitoring neurotransmitters in animals. In 1995 the technique was adopted to clinical use and bedside enzymatic analysis of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, glutamate and glycerol. Under clinical conditions microdialysis has also been used for studying cytokines, protein biomarkers, multiplex proteomic and metabolomic analyses as well as for pharmacokinetic studies and evaluation of blood-brain barrier function. This review focuses on the variables directly related to cerebral energy metabolism and the possibilities and limitations of microdialysis during routine neurosurgical and general intensive care. Our knowledge of cerebral energy metabolism is to a large extent based on animal experiments performed more than 40 years ago. However, the different biochemical information obtained from various techniques should be recognized. The basic animal studies analyzed brain tissue homogenates while the microdialysis technique reflects the variables in a narrow zone of interstitial fluid surrounding the probe. Besides the difference of the volume investigated, the levels of the biochemical variables differ in different compartments. During bedside microdialysis cerebral energy metabolism is primarily reflected in measured levels of glucose, lactate and pyruvate and the lactate to pyruvate (LP) ratio. The LP ratio reflects cytoplasmatic redox-state which increases instantaneously during insufficient aerobic energy metabolism. Cerebral ischemia is characterized by a marked increase in intracerebral LP ratio at simultaneous decreases in intracerebral levels of pyruvate and glucose. Mitochondrial dysfunction is characterized by a moderate increase in LP ratio at a very marked increase in cerebral lactate and normal or elevated levels of pyruvate and glucose. The patterns are of importance in particular for interpretations in transient cerebral ischemia. A new technique for evaluating global cerebral energy metabolism by microdialysis of the draining cerebral venous blood is discussed. In experimental studies it has been shown that pronounced global cerebral ischemia is reflected in venous cerebral blood. Jugular bulb microdialysis has been investigated in patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage, during cardiopulmonary bypass and resuscitation after out of hospital cardiac arrest. Preliminary results indicate that the new technique may give valuable information of cerebral energy metabolism in clinical conditions when insertion of an intracerebral catheter is contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Henrik Nordström
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Carl-Henrik Nordström
| | - Axel Forsse
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Peter Jakobsen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Simon Mölström
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Palle Toft
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Urban Ungerstedt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Current state of high-fidelity multimodal monitoring in traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2022; 164:3091-3100. [PMID: 36260235 PMCID: PMC9705453 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multimodality monitoring of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is primarily performed in neuro-critical care units to prevent secondary harmful brain insults and facilitate patient recovery. Several metrics are commonly monitored using both invasive and non-invasive techniques. The latest Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines from 2016 provide recommendations and thresholds for some of these. Still, high-level evidence for several metrics and thresholds is lacking. METHODS Regarding invasive brain monitoring, intracranial pressure (ICP) forms the cornerstone, and pressures above 22 mmHg should be avoided. From ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) (mean arterial pressure (MAP)-ICP) and pressure reactivity index (PRx) (a correlation between slow waves MAP and ICP as a surrogate for cerebrovascular reactivity) may be derived. In terms of regional monitoring, partial brain tissue oxygen pressure (PbtO2) is commonly used, and phase 3 studies are currently ongoing to determine its added effect to outcome together with ICP monitoring. Cerebral microdialysis (CMD) is another regional invasive modality to measure substances in the brain extracellular fluid. International consortiums have suggested thresholds and management strategies, in spite of lacking high-level evidence. Although invasive monitoring is generally safe, iatrogenic hemorrhages are reported in about 10% of cases, but these probably do not significantly affect long-term outcome. Non-invasive monitoring is relatively recent in the field of TBI care, and research is usually from single-center retrospective experiences. Near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) measuring regional tissue saturation has been shown to be associated with outcome. Transcranial doppler (TCD) has several tentative utilities in TBI like measuring ICP and detecting vasospasm. Furthermore, serial sampling of biomarkers of brain injury in the blood can be used to detect secondary brain injury development. CONCLUSIONS In multimodal monitoring, the most important aspect is data interpretation, which requires knowledge of each metric's strengths and limitations. Combinations of several modalities might make it possible to discern specific pathologic states suitable for treatment. However, the cost-benefit should be considered as the incremental benefit of adding several metrics has a low level of evidence, thus warranting additional research.
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7
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Zeiler FA, Iturria-Medina Y, Thelin EP, Gomez A, Shankar JJ, Ko JH, Figley CR, Wright GEB, Anderson CM. Integrative Neuroinformatics for Precision Prognostication and Personalized Therapeutics in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2021; 12:729184. [PMID: 34557154 PMCID: PMC8452858 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.729184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite changes in guideline-based management of moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) over the preceding decades, little impact on mortality and morbidity have been seen. This argues against the “one-treatment fits all” approach to such management strategies. With this, some preliminary advances in the area of personalized medicine in TBI care have displayed promising results. However, to continue transitioning toward individually-tailored care, we require integration of complex “-omics” data sets. The past few decades have seen dramatic increases in the volume of complex multi-modal data in moderate and severe TBI care. Such data includes serial high-fidelity multi-modal characterization of the cerebral physiome, serum/cerebrospinal fluid proteomics, admission genetic profiles, and serial advanced neuroimaging modalities. Integrating these complex and serially obtained data sets, with patient baseline demographics, treatment information and clinical outcomes over time, can be a daunting task for the treating clinician. Within this review, we highlight the current status of such multi-modal omics data sets in moderate/severe TBI, current limitations to the utilization of such data, and a potential path forward through employing integrative neuroinformatic approaches, which are applied in other neuropathologies. Such advances are positioned to facilitate the transition to precision prognostication and inform a top-down approach to the development of personalized therapeutics in moderate/severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Zeiler
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yasser Iturria-Medina
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric P Thelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alwyn Gomez
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jai J Shankar
- Department of Radiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ji Hyun Ko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Chase R Figley
- Department of Radiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Galen E B Wright
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Chris M Anderson
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Forsse A, Nielsen TH, Mølstrøm S, Hjelmborg J, Nielsen KS, Nygaard KH, Yilmaz S, Nordström CH, Poulsen FR. A Prospective Observational Feasibility Study of Jugular Bulb Microdialysis in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2021; 33:241-255. [PMID: 31845174 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-019-00888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral metabolic perturbations are common in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Monitoring cerebral metabolism with intracerebral microdialysis (CMD) allows early detection of secondary injury and may guide decisions on neurocritical care interventions, affecting outcome. However, CMD is a regional measuring technique that is influenced by proximity to focal lesions. Continuous microdialysis of the cerebral venous drainage may provide information on global cerebral metabolism relevant for the care of aSAH patients. This observational study aimed to explore the feasibility of jugular bulb microdialysis (JBMD) in aSAH and describe the output characteristics in relation to conventional multimodal monitoring. METHODS Patients with severe aSAH were included at admission or after in-house deterioration when local clinical guidelines prompted extended multimodal monitoring. Non-dominant frontal CMD, intracranial pressure (ICP), partial brain tissue oxygenation pressure (PbtO2), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were recorded every hour. The dominant jugular vein was accessed by retrograde insertion of a microdialysis catheter with the tip placed in the jugular bulb under ultrasound guidance. Glucose, lactate, pyruvate, lactate/pyruvate ratio, glycerol, and glutamate were studied for correlation to intracranial measurements. Modified Rankin scale was assessed at 6 months. RESULTS Twelve adult aSAH patients were monitored during a mean 4.2 ± 2.6 days yielding 22,041 data points for analysis. No complications related to JBMD were observed. Moderate or strong significant monotonic CMD-to-JBMD correlations were observed most often for glucose (7 patients), followed by lactate (5 patients), and pyruvate, glycerol, and glutamate (3 patients). Moderate correlation for lactate/pyruvate ratio was only seen in one patient. Analysis of critical periods defined by ICP > 20, CPP < 65, or PbtO2 < 15 revealed a tendency toward stronger CMD-to-JBMD associations in patients with many or long critical periods. Possible time lags between CMD and JBMD measurements were only identified in 6 out of 60 patient variables. With the exception of pyruvate, a dichotomized outcome was associated with similar metabolite patterns in JBMD and CMD. A nonsignificant tendency toward greater differences between outcome groups was seen in JBMD. CONCLUSIONS Continuous microdialysis monitoring of the cerebral drainage in the jugular bulb is feasible and safe. JBMD-to-CMD correlation is influenced by the type of metabolite measured, with glucose and lactate displaying the strongest associations. JBMD lactate correlated more often than CMD lactate to CPP, implying utility for detection of global cerebral metabolic perturbations. Studies comparing JBMD to other global measures of cerebral metabolism, e.g., PET CT or Xenon CT, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Forsse
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Sønder Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark. .,BRIDGE - Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Troels Halfeld Nielsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Sønder Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,BRIDGE - Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Simon Mølstrøm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hjelmborg
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kasper Stokbro Nielsen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kevin Hebøll Nygaard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Sønder Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,BRIDGE - Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sibel Yilmaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Sønder Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carl-Henrik Nordström
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Sønder Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,BRIDGE - Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Frantz Rom Poulsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Sønder Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,BRIDGE - Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Balança B, Desmurs L, Grelier J, Perret-Liaudet A, Lukaszewicz AC. DAMPs and RAGE Pathophysiology at the Acute Phase of Brain Injury: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052439. [PMID: 33670976 PMCID: PMC7957733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early or primary injury due to brain aggression, such as mechanical trauma, hemorrhage or is-chemia, triggers the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the extracellular space. Some DAMPs, such as S100B, participate in the regulation of cell growth and survival but may also trigger cellular damage as their concentration increases in the extracellular space. When DAMPs bind to pattern-recognition receptors, such as the receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), they lead to non-infectious inflammation that will contribute to necrotic cell clearance but may also worsen brain injury. In this narrative review, we describe the role and ki-netics of DAMPs and RAGE at the acute phase of brain injury. We searched the MEDLINE database for “DAMPs” or “RAGE” or “S100B” and “traumatic brain injury” or “subarachnoid hemorrhage” or “stroke”. We selected original articles reporting data on acute brain injury pathophysiology, from which we describe DAMPs release and clearance upon acute brain injury, and the implication of RAGE in the development of brain injury. We will also discuss the clinical strategies that emerge from this overview in terms of biomarkers and therapeutic perspectives
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Balança
- Department of Neurological Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, 69500 Bron, France;
- Team TIGER, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, 69500 Bron, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-6-2391-0594
| | - Laurent Desmurs
- Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, 69500 Bron, France; (L.D.); (A.P.-L.)
| | - Jérémy Grelier
- Department of Neurological Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, 69500 Bron, France;
| | - Armand Perret-Liaudet
- Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer, 69500 Bron, France; (L.D.); (A.P.-L.)
- Team BIORAN, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Anne-Claire Lukaszewicz
- Department of Neurological Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69003 Lyon, France;
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10
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Seidel R, Ritter M, Joerk A, Kuschke S, Langguth N, Schulze D, Görls H, Bauer M, Witte OW, Westerhausen M, Holthoff K, Pohnert G. Photoisomerization Neutralizes Vasoconstrictive Activity of a Heme Degradation Product. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21401-21411. [PMID: 32905283 PMCID: PMC7469247 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) caused by cerebral vasospasm is the leading determinant of poor outcome and mortality in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients, but current treatment options lack effective prevention and therapy. Two substance families of heme degradation products (HDPs), bilirubin oxidation end products (BOXes) and propentdyopents (PDPs), are elicitors of pathologic cerebral hypoperfusion after SAH. Z-configured HDPs can be photoconverted into the corresponding E-isomers. We hypothesize that photoconversion is a detoxification mechanism to prevent and treat DCI. We irradiated purified Z-BOXes and Z-PDPs with UV/Vis light and documented the Z-E photoconversion. E-BOX A slowly reisomerizes to the thermodynamically favored Z-configuration in protein-containing media. In contrast to vasoconstrictive Z-BOX A, E-BOX A does not cause vasoconstriction in cerebral arterioles in vitro and in vivo in wild-type mice. Our results enable a critical assessment of light-induced intrathecal photoconversion and suggest the use of phototherapy to prevent and cure HDP-mediated cerebral vasospasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael
A. Seidel
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department
of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine/Center for Sepsis Control
and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Devie
Medical, c/o Jena University Hospital, Bachstraße 18, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marcel Ritter
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Joerk
- Hans
Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University
Hospital, Am Klinikum
1, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Research
Program “Else Kröner-Forschungskolleg AntiAge”, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Kuschke
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Niklas Langguth
- Hans
Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University
Hospital, Am Klinikum
1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Schulze
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department
of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine/Center for Sepsis Control
and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W. Witte
- Hans
Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University
Hospital, Am Klinikum
1, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Research
Program “Else Kröner-Forschungskolleg AntiAge”, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Knut Holthoff
- Hans
Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University
Hospital, Am Klinikum
1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
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11
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Lindblad C, Nelson DW, Zeiler FA, Ercole A, Ghatan PH, von Horn H, Risling M, Svensson M, Agoston DV, Bellander BM, Thelin EP. Influence of Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity on Brain Protein Biomarker Clearance in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Prospective Study. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1381-1391. [PMID: 32013731 PMCID: PMC7249468 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain protein biomarker clearance to blood in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect that a disrupted blood–brain barrier (BBB) had on biomarker clearance. Seventeen severe TBI patients admitted to Karolinska University Hospital were prospectively included. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood concentrations of S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were analyzed every 6–12 h for ∼1 week. Blood and CSF albumin were analyzed every 12–24 h, and BBB integrity was assessed using the CSF:blood albumin quotient (QA). We found that time-dependent changes in the CSF and blood levels of the two biomarkers were similar, but that the correlation between the biomarkers and QA was lower for NSE (ρ = 0.444) than for S100B (ρ = 0.668). Because data were longitudinal, we also conducted cross correlation analyses, which indicated a directional flow and lag-time of biomarkers from CSF to blood. For S100B, this lag-time could be ascribed to BBB integrity, whereas for NSE it could not. Upon inferential modelling, using generalized least square estimation (S100B) or linear mixed models (NSE), QA (p = 0.045), time from trauma (p < 0.001), time from trauma2 (p = 0.023), and CSF biomarker levels (p = 0.008) were independent predictors of S100B in blood. In contrast, for NSE, only time from trauma was significant (p < 0.001). These findings are novel and important, but must be carefully interpreted because of different characteristics between the two proteins. Nonetheless, we present the first data that indicate that S100B and NSE are cleared differently from the central nervous system, and that both the disrupted BBB and additional alternative pathways, such as the recently described glymphatic system, may play a role. This is of importance both for clinicians aiming to utilize these biomarkers and for the pathophysiological understanding of brain protein clearance, but warrants further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lindblad
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Address correspondence to: Caroline Lindblad, MD, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna J5:20, Tema Neuro, forskargrupp Svensson, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David W. Nelson
- Department of Section for Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frederick A. Zeiler
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, and University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Ercole
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Per Hamid Ghatan
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik von Horn
- Department of Division of Clinical Chemistry, and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten Risling
- Department of Neuroscience, and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Svensson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denes V. Agoston
- Department of Neuroscience, and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bo-Michael Bellander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Peter Thelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Theme Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Forssten MP, Thelin EP, Nelson DW, Bellander BM. The Role of Glycerol-Containing Drugs in Cerebral Microdialysis: A Retrospective Study on the Effects of Intravenously Administered Glycerol. Neurocrit Care 2020; 30:590-600. [PMID: 30430381 PMCID: PMC6513829 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-018-0643-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral microdialysis (CMD) is a valuable tool for monitoring compounds in the cerebral extracellular fluid (ECF). Glycerol is one such compound which is regarded as a marker of cell membrane decomposition. Notably, in some acutely brain-injured patients, CMD-glycerol levels rise without any other apparent indication of cerebral deterioration. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this could be due to an association between CMD-glycerol levels and the administration of glycerol-containing drugs. METHODS Microdialysis data were retrospectively retrieved from the hospital's intensive care unit patient data management system (PDMS). All patients who were monitored with CMD for ≥ 96 h were included. Administered drug doses were retrieved from the PDMS and converted to exact doses of glycerol. Cross-correlation analyses were performed between the free, metabolized as well as total administered dose of glycerol and the detrended and differenced CMD-glycerol concentration. These analyses were repeated for two sets of subgroups based upon the individual catheter's graphical trend and its location in relation to the lesion. RESULTS There was no significant correlation between the differenced CMD-glycerol levels and drug-administered glycerol. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between CMD-glycerol and catheter location or graphical trend. However, if the CMD-glycerol levels were detrended, significant but clinically non-relevant correlations were identified (maximum correlation coefficient of 0.1 (0.04-0.15, 95% CI) at a lag of 7 h using the total administered dose of glycerol). CONCLUSIONS Glycerol-containing drugs routinely administered intravenously in the clinical setting appear to have a minimal and clinically insignificant effect on levels of glycerol in the cerebral ECF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Peter Forssten
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurosurgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eric Peter Thelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurosurgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David W Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo-Michael Bellander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurosurgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Yamal JM, Hannay HJ, Gopinath S, Aisiku IP, Benoit JS, Robertson CS. Glasgow Outcome Scale Measures and Impact on Analysis and Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2484-2492. [PMID: 30973053 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The original unstructured Glasgow Outcome Scale (uGOS) and the newer structured interviews GOS and the Extended GOS (GOS-E) have been used widely as outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) trials. We compared outcome categories (ranging from dead [D] to good recovery [GR]) for each measure in a randomized trial of transfusion threshold and the implications of measure choice and analysis methods for the results of the trial. We planned to explore patient symptomology possibly driving any discrepancies between the patient's uGOS and GOS scores. Category correspondence between uGOS and GOS scores occurred in 160 (88.4%) of the 181 analyzed cases. The GOS-E and GOS instruments incorporated more behavioral/cognitive/social and other components, leading to a worse outcome in some cases than for the uGOS. Choice of outcome measure and analysis led to incongruous conclusions. Dichotomizing uGOS into favorable outcome (GR and moderate disability [MD] categories) versus unfavorable (severe disability [SD], vegetative state [VS], and D categories), we observed a significant effect of transfusion threshold (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51, p = 0.03; adjusted OR = 0.40, p = 0.02). For the same dichotomization of GOS and GOS-E, the effect was not statistically significant but the ORs were similar (ORs between 0.57 and 0.68, p > 0.15 for all). An effect was not detected using ordinal logistic regression or sliding dichotomy method for all three measures. Differences in categorizations of subjects between moderate and severe disability among the scales impacted conclusions of the trial. In future studies, particular attention should be given to implementing GOS measures and describing the methodology for how outcomes were ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Miguel Yamal
- Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - H Julia Hannay
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Texas Institute for Measurement Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Shankar Gopinath
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Imoigele P Aisiku
- Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia S Benoit
- Texas Institute for Measurement Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Basic Vision Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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14
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Zhang P, Zhu S, Zhao M, Dai Y, Zhang L, Ding S, Zhao P, Li J. Integration of 1H NMR- and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based plasma metabonomics study to identify diffuse axonal injury biomarkers in rat. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Cerebrospinal fluid and brain extracellular fluid in severe brain trauma. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 146:237-258. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804279-3.00014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Zeiler FA, Thelin EP, Helmy A, Czosnyka M, Hutchinson PJA, Menon DK. A systematic review of cerebral microdialysis and outcomes in TBI: relationships to patient functional outcome, neurophysiologic measures, and tissue outcome. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017; 159:2245-2273. [PMID: 28988334 PMCID: PMC5686263 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-017-3338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review on commonly measured cerebral microdialysis (CMD) analytes and their association to: (A) patient functional outcome, (B) neurophysiologic measures, and (C) tissue outcome; after moderate/severe TBI. The aim was to provide a foundation for next-generation CMD studies and build on existing pragmatic expert guidelines for CMD. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, BIOSIS, EMBASE, Global Health, Scopus, Cochrane Library (inception to October 2016). Strength of evidence was adjudicated using GRADE. RESULTS (A) Functional Outcome: 55 articles were included, assessing outcome as mortality or Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 3-6 months post-injury. Overall, there is GRADE C evidence to support an association between CMD glucose, glutamate, glycerol, lactate, and LPR to patient outcome at 3-6 months. (B) Neurophysiologic Measures: 59 articles were included. Overall, there currently exists GRADE C level of evidence supporting an association between elevated CMD measured mean LPR, glutamate and glycerol with elevated ICP and/or decreased CPP. In addition, there currently exists GRADE C evidence to support an association between elevated mean lactate:pyruvate ratio (LPR) and low PbtO2. Remaining CMD measures and physiologic outcomes displayed GRADE D or no evidence to support a relationship. (C) Tissue Outcome: four studies were included. Given the conflicting literature, the only conclusion that can be drawn is acute/subacute phase elevation of CMD measured LPR is associated with frontal lobe atrophy at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review replicates previously documented relationships between CMD and various outcome, which have driven clinical application of the technique. Evidence assessments do not address the application of CMD for exploring pathophysiology or titrating therapy in individual patients, and do not account for the modulatory effect of therapy on outcome, triggered at different CMD thresholds in individual centers. Our findings support clinical application of CMD and refinement of existing guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A. Zeiler
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9 Canada
- Clinician Investigator Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric Peter Thelin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Building R2:02, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adel Helmy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Marek Czosnyka
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
- Section of Brain Physics, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Peter J. A. Hutchinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - David K. Menon
- Department of Anesthesia, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Queens’ College, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Southampton, UK
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17
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Lorente L. Biomarkers Associated with the Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7110142. [PMID: 29076989 PMCID: PMC5704149 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7110142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on biomarkers associated with the outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, such as caspase-3; total antioxidant capacity; melatonin; S100B protein; glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); glutamate; lactate; brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); substance P; neuron-specific enolase (NSE); ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L-1 (UCH-L1); tau; decanoic acid; and octanoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lorente
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38320, Spain.
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18
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Stefani MA, Modkovski R, Hansel G, Zimmer ER, Kopczynski A, Muller AP, Strogulski NR, Rodolphi MS, Carteri RK, Schmidt AP, Oses JP, Smith DH, Portela LV. Elevated glutamate and lactate predict brain death after severe head trauma. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:392-402. [PMID: 28589166 PMCID: PMC5454398 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Clinical neurological assessment is challenging for severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the acute setting. Waves of neurochemical abnormalities that follow TBI may serve as fluid biomarkers of neurological status. We assessed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of glutamate, lactate, BDNF, and GDNF, to identify potential prognostic biomarkers of neurological outcome. Methods This cross‐sectional study was carried out in a total of 20 consecutive patients (mean [SD] age, 29 [13] years; M/F, 9:1) with severe TBI Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8 and abnormal computed tomography scan on admission. Patients were submitted to ventricular drainage and had CSF collected between 2 and 4 h after hospital admission. Patients were then stratified according to two clinical outcomes: deterioration to brain death (nonsurvival, n = 6) or survival (survival, n = 14), within 3 days after hospital admission. CSF levels of brain‐derived substances were compared between nonsurvival and survival groups. Clinical and neurological parameters were also assessed. Results Glutamate and lactate are significantly increased in nonsurvival relative to survival patients. We tested the accuracy of both biomarkers to discriminate patient outcome. Setting a cutoff of >57.75, glutamate provides 80.0% of sensitivity and 84.62% of specificity (AUC: 0.8214, 95% CL: 54.55–98.08%; and a cutoff of >4.65, lactate has 100% of sensitivity and 85.71% of specificity (AUC: 0.8810, 95% CL: 54.55–98.08%). BDNF and GDNF did not discriminate poor outcome. Interpretation This early study suggests that glutamate and lactate concentrations at hospital admission accurately predict death within 3 days after severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Stefani
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy Department of Morphological Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Rafael Modkovski
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy Department of Morphological Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Gisele Hansel
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil.,Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns) Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Afonso Kopczynski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Alexandre P Muller
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC) Criciúma Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Nathan R Strogulski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Rodolphi
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Randhall K Carteri
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - André P Schmidt
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Jean P Oses
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior Catholic University of Pelotas Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Douglas H Smith
- Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair and Department of Neurosurgery Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Luis V Portela
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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19
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Thelin EP, Carpenter KLH, Hutchinson PJ, Helmy A. Microdialysis Monitoring in Clinical Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Role in Neuroprotective Drug Development. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:367-376. [PMID: 28070712 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-0027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Injuries to the central nervous system continue to be vast contributors to morbidity and mortality; specifically, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of death during the first four decades of life. Several modalities are used to monitor patients suffering from TBI in order to prevent detrimental secondary injuries. The microdialysis (MD) technique, introduced during the 1990s, presents the treating physician with a robust monitoring tool for brain chemistry in addition to conventional intracranial pressure monitoring. Nevertheless, some limitations remain, such as limited spatial resolution. Moreover, while there have been several attempts to develop new potential pharmacological therapies in TBI, there are currently no available drugs which have shown clinical efficacy that targets the underlying pathophysiology, despite various trials investigating a plethora of pharmaceuticals. Specifically in the brain, MD is able to demonstrate penetration of the drug through the blood-brain barrier into the brain extracellular space at potential site of action. In addition, the downstream effects of drug action can be monitored directly. In the future, clinical MD, together with other monitoring modalities, can identify specific pathological substrates which require tailored treatment strategies for patients suffering from TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peter Thelin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK. .,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Keri L H Carpenter
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Hutchinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adel Helmy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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20
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Hendrickx S, Uğur DY, Yilmaz IT, Şener E, Van Schepdael A, Adams E, Broeckhoven K, Cabooter D. A sensitive capillary LC-UV method for the simultaneous analysis of olanzapine, chlorpromazine and their FMO-mediated N-oxidation products in brain microdialysates. Talanta 2017; 162:268-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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21
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Biochemical indications of cerebral ischaemia and mitochondrial dysfunction in severe brain trauma analysed with regard to type of lesion. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2016; 158:1231-40. [PMID: 27188288 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-016-2835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study focuses on three questions related to the clinical usefulness of microdialysis in severe brain trauma: (1) How frequently is disturbed cerebral energy metabolism observed in various types of lesions? (2) How often does the biochemical pattern indicate cerebral ischaemia and mitochondrial dysfunction? (3) How do these patterns relate to mortality? METHOD The study includes 213 consecutive patients with severe brain trauma (342 intracerebral microdialysis catheters). The patients were classified into four groups according to the type of lesion: extradural haematoma (EDH), acute subdural haematoma (SDH), cerebral haemorrhagic contusion (CHC) and no mass lesion (NML). Altogether about 150,000 biochemical analyses were performed during the initial 96 h after trauma. RESULTS Compromised aerobic metabolism occurred during 38 % of the study period. The biochemical pattern indicating mitochondrial dysfunction was more common than that of ischaemia. In EDH and NML aerobic metabolism was generally close to normal. In SDH or CHC it was often severely compromised. Mortality was increased in SDH with impaired aerobic metabolism, while CHC did not exhibit a similar relation. CONCLUSIONS Compromised energy metabolism is most frequent in patients with SDH and CHC (32 % and 49 % of the study period, respectively). The biochemical pattern of mitochondrial dysfunction is more common than that of ischaemia (32 % and 6 % of the study period, respectively). A correlation between mortality and biochemical data is obtained provided the microdialysis catheter is placed in an area where energy metabolism reflects tissue outcome in a large part of the brain.
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QI D, ZHANG Q, ZHOU W, ZHAO J, ZHANG B, SHA Y, PANG Z. Quantification of Dopamine in Brain Microdialysates with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:419-24. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei QI
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
| | - Qian ZHANG
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
| | - Wanhong ZHOU
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
| | - Jingjing ZHAO
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
| | - Bo ZHANG
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
| | - Yunfei SHA
- Technical Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd
| | - Zhiqing PANG
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
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23
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Wesson HKH, Anand R, Ferrada P. End Points of Traumatic Brain Injury Resuscitation. CURRENT TRAUMA REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40719-015-0017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Reis C, Wang Y, Akyol O, Ho WM, Ii RA, Stier G, Martin R, Zhang JH. What's New in Traumatic Brain Injury: Update on Tracking, Monitoring and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11903-65. [PMID: 26016501 PMCID: PMC4490422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160611903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), defined as an alteration in brain functions caused by an external force, is responsible for high morbidity and mortality around the world. It is important to identify and treat TBI victims as early as possible. Tracking and monitoring TBI with neuroimaging technologies, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), positron emission tomography (PET), and high definition fiber tracking (HDFT) show increasing sensitivity and specificity. Classical electrophysiological monitoring, together with newly established brain-on-chip, cerebral microdialysis techniques, both benefit TBI. First generation molecular biomarkers, based on genomic and proteomic changes following TBI, have proven effective and economical. It is conceivable that TBI-specific biomarkers will be developed with the combination of systems biology and bioinformation strategies. Advances in treatment of TBI include stem cell-based and nanotechnology-based therapy, physical and pharmaceutical interventions and also new use in TBI for approved drugs which all present favorable promise in preventing and reversing TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Reis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Yuechun Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11041 Campus Street, Risley Hall, Room 219, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Jinan, Guangzhou 250012, China.
| | - Onat Akyol
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11041 Campus Street, Risley Hall, Room 219, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Wing Mann Ho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11041 Campus Street, Risley Hall, Room 219, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria.
| | - Richard Applegate Ii
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Gary Stier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Robert Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11041 Campus Street, Risley Hall, Room 219, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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