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Robles-Gil MC, Toro-Román V, Maynar-Mariño M, Siquier-Coll J, Bartolomé I, Grijota FJ. Aluminum Concentrations in Male and Female Football Players during the Season. TOXICS 2023; 11:920. [PMID: 37999572 PMCID: PMC10674899 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is one of the most abundant trace mineral elements in the earth's crust. Al is considered a potent neurotoxicant. Physical exercise could cause modifications in some trace mineral elements. On the other hand, there could be sex differences in the exposure and deposits of toxic mineral elements. The aim of the present study was to compare sex and seasonal differences in extracellular and intracellular Al concentrations in football players. The study involved 22 male and 24 female football players from the fifth and second national category, respectively. Three assessments were carried out during the season (beginning, middle and end). Al concentrations in plasma, urine, erythrocytes and platelets were determined. Male football players ingested more Al (p < 0.05). Higher plasma Al concentrations were reported in male football players (p < 0.01). On the other hand, in both groups, increases and decreases in Al in the plasma and urine were observed in the second and third assessment, respectively (p < 0.01). There were sex differences in platelet Al concentrations (p < 0.05). Plasma and platelet Al concentrations may be different between the sexes. Al concentrations may change over the course of a season in football players.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C. Robles-Gil
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.C.R.-G.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Víctor Toro-Román
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.C.R.-G.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Marcos Maynar-Mariño
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.C.R.-G.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Jesús Siquier-Coll
- Department of Communication and Education, University of Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Bartolomé
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Isabel I University, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
- Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Grijota
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.C.R.-G.); (M.M.-M.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Isabel I University, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
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Liu B, Yin W, Xu K, Zhang Y. Inerting Waste Al Alloy Dust with Natural High Polymers: Sustainability of Industrial Waste. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5540. [PMID: 36013677 PMCID: PMC9410461 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of waste dust will be produced in the process of metal grinding, resulting in a waste of resources and environmental pollution. Therefore, we present a new method of inerting waste aluminum (Al) alloy dust for recycling purposes. Three natural high polymers-starch, pectin, and hydroxypropyl cellulose-were selected to inert waste metal dust in order to prevent the alloy from hydrolyzing and keep the dust pure enough for reuse. The particles of the Al base alloy before and after dust reaction were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), and the relevant reaction mechanism was clarified. The hydrogen evolution test indicated that, across the temperature interval of 313-333 K, 0.75 wt% pectin inerted hydrogen evolution most efficiently (90.125%). XRD analysis indicated that the inerted product is composed of Al monomer and Al3Mg2, with no detectable content of Al hydroxide. The purity of the Al alloy dust was preserved. SEM and FTIR analyses indicated that the -OH, -COOH, and -COOCH3 functional groups in the high polymer participated in the coordination reaction by adsorbing on the surface of the waste Al alloy particles to produce a protective film, which conforms to Langmuir's adsorption model. Verification of the inerted Al alloy dust in industrial production confirmed the possibility of reusing waste Al alloy dust. This study provides a simple and effective method for recycling waste Al alloy dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Wenjing Yin
- College of Aviation Engineering, Weifang Engineering Vocational College, Qingzhou 262500, China
| | - Kaili Xu
- College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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Abu-Taweel GM, Al-Mutary MG. Pomegranate juice reverses AlCl 3-Induced neurotoxicity and improves learning and memory in female mice. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111270. [PMID: 33992638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminum is a neurotoxic element that can accumulate in the brain and cause neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the antioxidants found in pomegranate juice (PJ) are much more than those existing in other fruits. It was proven to provide protection against neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVES This experiment aimed to clarify the amelioration efficiency of PJ against aluminum chloride-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical disorders in female mice. METHODS The female mice were given oral administrations for 35 days as follows. The control group received tap water, the PJ groups received 20% and 40% pomegranate juice, the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) group was treated with 400 mg/kg AlCl3, and the last two groups received AlCl3 + 20% PJ and AlCl3 + 40% PJ, respectively. The neurobehavioral features were assessed by shuttle box, T-maze, and Morris water maze devices. Furthermore, the neurotransmitters and oxidative indicators in the brains of the female mice were determined at the end of experiment. RESULTS Significant effects of AlCl3 were observed on female mice in the body weight, during the behavioral tasks (shuttle box, T-maze, and Morris water maze), and in neurotransmitters and oxidative stress parameters. Pomegranate juice, especially at low concentrations, induced remarkable improvements in body weight, spatial memory and learning during T-maze, Morris water maze and shuttle box tasks, as well as in neurotransmitters and oxidative biomarkers in the AlCl3-treated female mice. CONCLUSION PJ reversed AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity and improved learning and memory in female mice. However, PJ contains a group of antioxidants that may be considered double-edged swords in the cellular redox status especially at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gasem M Abu-Taweel
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2079, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen G Al-Mutary
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2375, Dammam, 14513, Saudi Arabia; Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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Xu X, Wang B, Xu K, Wang Y. Prevention of a hydrogen explosion accident in the wet aluminum waste dust collection process based on L-malic acid. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aluminium in human brain tissue from donors without neurodegenerative disease: A comparison with Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and autism. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7770. [PMID: 32385326 PMCID: PMC7211005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A burgeoning number of studies are demonstrating aluminium in human brain tissue. While research has both quantified and imaged aluminium in human brain tissue in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disease there are few similar data for brain tissue from non-neurologically impaired donors. We have used microwave assisted acid digestion and transversely heated graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry to measure aluminium in twenty brains from donors without recognisable neurodegenerative disease. The aluminium content of 191 tissue samples was invariably low with over 80% of tissues having an aluminium content below 1.0 μg/g dry weight of tissue. The data for these control tissues were compared with data (measured using identical procedures) for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, familial Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis. Detailed statistical analyses showed that aluminium was significantly increased in each of these disease groups compared to control tissues. We have confirmed previous conclusions that the aluminium content of brain tissue in Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis is significantly elevated. Further research is required to understand the role played by high levels of aluminium in the aetiology of human neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disease.
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Exley C, Mold MJ. Imaging of aluminium and amyloid β in neurodegenerative disease. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03839. [PMID: 32368656 PMCID: PMC7184253 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recent research has confirmed the presence of aluminium in human brain tissue. Quantitative analyses suggest increased brain aluminium content in a number of neurodegenerative diseases including familial Alzheimer's disease, congophilic amyloid angiopathy, epilepsy and autism. Complementary aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy identifies the location of aluminium in human brain tissue and demonstrates significant differences in distribution between diseases. Herein we combine these approaches in investigating associations between aluminium in human brain tissue and specific disease-associated neuropathologies. Methods We have used aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy, Congo red staining using light and polarised light and thioflavin S fluorescence microscopy on serial sections of brain tissues to identify co-localisation of aluminium and amyloid β and tau neuropathology. Results A combination of light, polarised and fluorescence microscopy demonstrates an intimate relationship between aluminium and amyloid β in familial Alzheimer's disease but not in other conditions and diseases, such as congophilic amyloid angiopathy and autism. We demonstrate preliminary evidence of amyloid β pathology, including associations with vasculature and parenchymal tissues, in autism in tissues heavily loaded with aluminium. Conclusion We suggest that complementary aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy may reveal important information about the putative toxicity of aluminium in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Mold
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
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Dalla Torre G, Mujika JI, Lachowicz JI, Ramos MJ, Lopez X. The interaction of aluminum with catecholamine-based neurotransmitters: can the formation of these species be considered a potential risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases? Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6003-6018. [PMID: 30688329 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04216k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The potential neurotoxic role of Al(iii) and its proposed link with the insurgence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) have attracted increasing interest towards the determination of the nature of bioligands that are propitious to interact with aluminum. Among them, catecholamine-based neurotransmitters have been proposed to be sensitive to the presence of this non-essential metal ion in the brain. In the present work, we characterize several aluminum-catecholamine complexes in various stoichiometries, determining their structure and thermodynamics of formation. For this purpose, we apply a recently validated computational protocol with results that show a remarkably good agreement with the available experimental data. In particular, we employ Density Functional Theory (DFT) in conjunction with continuum solvation models to calculate complexation energies of aluminum for a set of four important catecholamines: l-DOPA, dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline. In addition, by means of the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and Energy Decomposition Analysis (EDA) we assessed the nature of the Al-ligand interactions, finding mainly ionic bonds with an important degree of covalent character. Our results point at the possibility of the formation of aluminum-catecholamine complexes with favorable formation energies, even when proton/aluminum competition is taken into account. Indeed, we found that these catecholamines are better aluminum binders than catechol at physiological pH, because of the electron withdrawing effect of the positively-charged amine that decreases their deprotonation penalty with respect to catechol. However, overall, our results show that, in an open biological environment, the formation of Al-catecholamine complexes is not thermodynamically competitive when compared with the formation of other aluminum species in solution such as Al-hydroxide, or when considering other endogenous/exogenous Al(iii) ligands such as citrate, deferiprone and EDTA. In summary, we rule out the possibility, suggested by some authors, that the formation of Al-catecholamine complexes in solution might be behind some of the toxic roles attributed to aluminum in the brain. An up-to-date view of the catecholamine biosynthesis pathway with sites of aluminum interference (according to the current literature) is presented. Alternative mechanisms that might explain the deleterious effects of this metal on the catecholamine route are thoroughly discussed, and new hypotheses that should be investigated in future are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Dalla Torre
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
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Aluminum affects neural phenotype determination of embryonic neural progenitor cells. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2515-2524. [PMID: 31363819 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a neurotoxin and is associated with the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Al-free ion (Al3+) is the biologically reactive and toxic form. However, the underlying mechanisms of Al toxicity in the brain remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of Al3+ (in the chloride form-AlCl3) at different concentrations (0.1-100 µM) on the morphology, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) isolated from embryonic telencephalons, cultured as neurospheres. Our results reveal that Al3+ at 100 µM reduced the number and diameter of neurospheres. Cell cycle analysis showed that Al3+ had a decisive function in proliferation inhibition of NPCs during neural differentiation and induced apoptosis on neurospheres. In addition, 1 µM Al3+ resulted in deleterious effects on neural phenotype determination. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry analysis showed that Al3+ promoted a decrease in immature neuronal marker β3-tubulin expression and an increase in co-expression of the NPC marker nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Thus, our findings indicate that Al3+ caused cellular damage and reduced proliferation and migration, resulting in global inhibition of NPC differentiation and neurogenesis.
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Vojdani A, Vojdani E, Saidara E, Kharrazian D. Reaction of Amyloid-β Peptide Antibody with Different Infectious Agents Involved in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:847-860. [PMID: 29689721 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As early as the 1980s, molecular virologist Ruth Itzhaki began to investigate if there was a causal connection between infections and neurodegenerative disorder. Although the theory has yet to be universally embraced, in 2016 Itzhaki and 33 other scientists from all over the world published a review article in this very journal presenting evidence for the causal role of pathogens in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Exactly how and in what way pathogens affect the induction of AD has yet to be determined, but one possible answer may involve the cross-reactivity of different pathogens with amyloid-β (Aβ). Aβ autoantibodies have been detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients and in some healthy individuals. In the present study our major goal was to investigate whether antibodies made against Aβ would react both with other brain proteins as well as pathogens associated with AD as a result of molecular mimicry or the binding of bacterial toxins to Aβ42. Our study used a specific monoclonal antibody made against Aβ42, which not only reacted strongly with Aβ42, tau protein, and α-synuclein, but also had from weak to strong reactions with 25 different pathogens or their molecules, some of which have been associated with AD. The homology between peptide stretches of microbial origin and proteins involved in AD could be a mechanism by which antibodies to homologous peptides mount attacks against autoantigens in AD. We concluded that bacterial molecules bind to Aβ protein, forming small oligomers, then encasing pathogens and their molecules to form amyloid plaques, the tell-tale markers of AD. Conversely, these same Aβ peptides induce the production of antibodies to both Aβ42 and bacterial molecules, which may inhibit bacterial pathogenesis, but in the process may promote amyloid plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Lab., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | - Evan Saidara
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Datis Kharrazian
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Intracellular Aluminium in Inflammatory and Glial Cells in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Case Report. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16081459. [PMID: 31022962 PMCID: PMC6518255 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Introduction: In 2006, we reported on very high levels of aluminium in brain tissue in an unusual case of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The individual concerned had been exposed to extremely high levels of aluminium in their potable water due to a notorious pollution incident in Camelford, Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. The recent development of aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy has now allowed for the location of aluminium in this brain to be identified. (2) Case Summary: We used aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy in parallel with Congo red staining and polarised light to identify the location of aluminium and amyloid in brain tissue from an individual who had died from a rare and unusual case of CAA. Aluminium was almost exclusively intracellular and predominantly in inflammatory and glial cells including microglia, astrocytes, lymphocytes and cells lining the choroid plexus. Complementary staining with Congo red demonstrated that aluminium and amyloid were not co-located in these tissues. (3) Discussion: The observation of predominantly intracellular aluminium in these tissues was novel and something similar has only previously been observed in cases of autism. The results suggest a strong inflammatory component in this case and support a role for aluminium in this rare and unusual case of CAA.
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Mehpara Farhat S, Mahboob A, Ahmed T. Oral exposure to aluminum leads to reduced nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene expression, severe neurodegeneration and impaired hippocampus dependent learning in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:310-318. [PMID: 30889993 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1587452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is known for its neurotoxicity for over a century and is reported to have specifically high toxicity for cholinergic system. The effect of Al on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors is widely reported, but its effect on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is less well known. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Al on hippocampus dependent learning and memory, function and expression of nAChRs in the hippocampus. Al concentration and neurodegeneration were also measured in the hippocampus following Al treatment. The mice were treated with 250 mg/kg AlCl3.6H2O in drinking water for a period of 42 days. Results show that Al treated animals have significantly reduced spatial reference memory as compared to control animals in Morris water maze test. Similarly, Al treated animals showed reduced contextual memory for Pavlovian fear compared to control animals. Al treated animals show higher anxiety in elevated plus maze as compared to control animals. The analysis of nAChR expression via RT-PCR showed reduced expression of α7, α4 and β2 nAChR gene expression in the hippocampus of Al treated animals. High Al accumulation was observed in Al-treated animals (688.14 ± 242.82 μg/g) compared to the control group (115.14 ± 18.18 μg/g) that resulted in severe neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. These results demonstrated that Al exposure caused neurotoxicity in mice hippocampus which is manifested by reduced memory and elevated anxiety. The results were further validated by high Al accumulation in the hippocampus, severe neurodegeneration and reduced expression of nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Mehpara Farhat
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamra Mahboob
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Martinez CS, Alterman CDC, Vera G, Márquez A, Uranga JA, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Exley C, Mello-Carpes PB, Miguel M, Wiggers GA. Egg White Hydrolysate as a functional food ingredient to prevent cognitive dysfunction in rats following long-term exposure to aluminum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1868. [PMID: 30755648 PMCID: PMC6372713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al), which is omnipresent in human life, is a potent neurotoxin. Here, we have tested the potential for Egg White Hydrolysate (EWH) to protect against changes in cognitive function in rats exposed to both high and low levels of Al. Indeed, EWH has been previously shown to improve the negative effects induced by chronic exposure to heavy metals. Male Wistar rats received orally: Group 1) Low aluminum level (AlCl3 at a dose of 8.3 mg/kg b.w. during 60 days) with or without EWH treatment (1 g/kg/day); Group 2) High aluminum level (AlCl3 at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. during 42 days) with or without EWH treatment (1 g/kg/day). After 60 or 42 days of exposure, rats exposed to Al and EWH did not show memory or cognitive dysfunction as was observed in Al-treated animals. Indeed, co-treatment with EWH prevented catalepsy, hippocampal oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction and increased number of activated microglia and COX-2-positive cells induced by Al exposure. Altogether, since hippocampal inflammation and oxidative damage were partially prevented by EWH, our results suggest that it could be used as a protective agent against the detrimental effects of long term exposure to Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Silveira Martinez
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472-Km 592, PO box 118. Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Equipe MitoLab, Institut MitoVasc, Université d'Angers, CHU Bât IRIS/IBS Rue des Capucins, 49933, Angers cedex 9, France
| | - Caroline D C Alterman
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472-Km 592, PO box 118. Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gema Vera
- Department of Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Antonio Márquez
- Department of Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - José-A Uranga
- Department of Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Franck Maciel Peçanha
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472-Km 592, PO box 118. Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Departments of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo and School of Medicine of Santa Casa de Misericórdia (EMESCAM), Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Zip Code: 29040-090, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Pâmela B Mello-Carpes
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472-Km 592, PO box 118. Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marta Miguel
- Bioactivity and Food Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Giulia Alessandra Wiggers
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472-Km 592, PO box 118. Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Abstract
Aluminum (Al) exposure has adverse effects on osteoblasts, and the effect might be through autophagy-associated apoptosis. In this study, we showed that aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) could induce autophagy in MC3T3-E1 cells, as demonstrated by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and the expressions of the ATG3, ATG5, and ATG9 genes. We found AlCl3 inhibited MC3T3-E1 cell survival rate and caused apoptosis, as evidenced by CCK-8 assay, Annexin V/PI double staining, and increased expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 genes. In addition, increased autophagy induced by rapamycin further attenuated the MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis rate after AlCl3 exposure. These results support the hypothesis that autophagy plays a protective role in impeding apoptosis caused by AlCl3. Activating autophagy may be a strategy for treatment of Al-induced bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qiang Ji
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Heilongjiang Veterinary Drugs and Feed Monitor, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Bortoli PM, Alves C, Costa E, Vanin AP, Sofiatti JR, Siqueira DP, Dallago RM, Treichel H, Vargas GDL, Kaizer RR. Ilex paraguariensis: Potential antioxidant on aluminium toxicity, in an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 181:104-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhou F, Wang H, Liu P, Hu Q, Wang Y, Liu C, Hu J. A highly selective and sensitive turn-on probe for aluminum(III) based on quinoline Schiff's base and its cell imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 190:104-110. [PMID: 28917162 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A reversible Schiff's base fluorescence probe for Al3+, (3,5-dichloro-2- hydroxybenzylidene) quinoline-2-carbohydrazide (QC), based on quinoline derivative has been designed, synthesized and evaluated. The QC exhibited a high sensitivity and selectivity toward Al3+ in EtOH-H2O (v/v=1:9, pH=6) by forming a 1:1 complex with Al3+ and the detection limit of QC for Al3+ was as low as 0.012μM. Furthermore, these results displayed that the binding of QCAl3+ was broken by F-, so this system could be used to monitor F- in the future. The enhancement fluorescence of the QC could be attributed to the inhibition of PET and ESIPT and the emergency of CHEF process induced by Al3+. More importantly, QC was not only successfully used for the determination of trace Al3+ in the tap water and the human blood serum, but was valid for fluorescence imaging of Al3+ in the Hela cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, 28 Changsheng West Road Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Hongqing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, 28 Changsheng West Road Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Pengying Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, 28 Changsheng West Road Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, 28 Changsheng West Road Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, 28 Changsheng West Road Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Can Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, 28 Changsheng West Road Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jiangke Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, 28 Changsheng West Road Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
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16
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Mirza A, King A, Troakes C, Exley C. The Identification of Aluminum in Human Brain Tissue Using Lumogallion and Fluorescence Microscopy. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:1333-1338. [PMID: 27472886 PMCID: PMC5088403 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum in human brain tissue is implicated in the etiologies of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. While methods for the accurate and precise measurement of aluminum in human brain tissue are widely acknowledged, the same cannot be said for the visualization of aluminum. Herein we have used transversely-heated graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry to measure aluminum in the brain of a donor with Alzheimer's disease, and we have developed and validated fluorescence microscopy and the fluor lumogallion to show the presence of aluminum in the same tissue. Aluminum is observed as characteristic orange fluorescence that is neither reproduced by other metals nor explained by autofluorescence. This new and relatively simple method to visualize aluminum in human brain tissue should enable more rigorous testing of the aluminum hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (and other neurological conditions) in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Mirza
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Andrew King
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.,MRC London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- MRC London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
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17
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Liang R. Cross Talk Between Aluminum and Genetic Susceptibility and Epigenetic Modification in Alzheimer’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1091:173-191. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1370-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Dalla Torre G, Mujika JI, Formoso E, Matito E, Ramos MJ, Lopez X. Tuning the affinity of catechols and salicylic acids towards Al(iii): characterization of Al–chelator interactions. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:9592-9607. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum is a non-essential element in the human body with unclear harmful effects; therefore, the design and tuning of new and efficient Al(iii) chelating agents is a subject of paramount importance nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Dalla Torre
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU
- and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- Euskadi
- Spain
| | - Jon I. Mujika
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU
- and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- Euskadi
- Spain
| | - Elena Formoso
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU
- and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- Euskadi
- Spain
| | - Eduard Matito
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU
- and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- Euskadi
- Spain
| | - Maria J. Ramos
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências
- Universidade do Porto
- Porto
| | - Xabier Lopez
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU
- and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- Euskadi
- Spain
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19
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Exley C. Aluminum Should Now Be Considered a Primary Etiological Factor in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2017; 1:23-25. [PMID: 30480226 PMCID: PMC6159653 DOI: 10.3233/adr-170010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, I have summarized the experimental and largely clinical evidence that implicates aluminum as a primary etiological factor in Alzheimer’s disease. The unequivocal neurotoxicity of aluminum must mean that when brain burdens of aluminum exceed toxic thresholds that it is inevitable that aluminum contributes toward disease. Aluminum acts as a catalyst for an earlier onset of Alzheimer’s disease in individuals with or without concomitant predispositions, genetic or otherwise. Alzheimer’s disease is not an inevitable consequence of aging in the absence of a brain burden of aluminum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
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20
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Mirza A, King A, Troakes C, Exley C. Aluminium in brain tissue in familial Alzheimer's disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 40:30-36. [PMID: 28159219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The genetic predispositions which describe a diagnosis of familial Alzheimer's disease can be considered as cornerstones of the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Essentially they place the expression and metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein as the main tenet of disease aetiology. However, we do not know the cause of Alzheimer's disease and environmental factors may yet be shown to contribute towards its onset and progression. One such environmental factor is human exposure to aluminium and aluminium has been shown to be present in brain tissue in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. We have made the first ever measurements of aluminium in brain tissue from 12 donors diagnosed with familial Alzheimer's disease. The concentrations of aluminium were extremely high, for example, there were values in excess of 10μg/g tissue dry wt. in 5 of the 12 individuals. Overall, the concentrations were higher than all previous measurements of brain aluminium except cases of known aluminium-induced encephalopathy. We have supported our quantitative analyses using a novel method of aluminium-selective fluorescence microscopy to visualise aluminium in all lobes of every brain investigated. The unique quantitative data and the stunning images of aluminium in familial Alzheimer's disease brain tissue raise the spectre of aluminium's role in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Mirza
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew King
- Department Of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, United Kingdom; MRC London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Troakes
- MRC London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.
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21
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Masson JD, Thibaudon M, Bélec L, Crépeaux G. Calcium phosphate: a substitute for aluminum adjuvants? Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:289-299. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1244484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Daniel Masson
- Association E3M (Entraide aux Malades de Myofasciite à Macrophages), Monprimblanc, France
| | - Michel Thibaudon
- Pharmacien « Service des Allergènes », de l’Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, & Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guillemette Crépeaux
- École nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Inserm U955 E10, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
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22
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Schreurs BG, Sparks DL. Dietary high cholesterol and trace metals in the drinking water increase levels of ABCA1 in the rabbit hippocampus and temporal cortex. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 49:201-9. [PMID: 26444796 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol-fed rabbits have been documented to show increased amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in the brain that can be exacerbated by the quality of drinking water especially if rabbits drink tap water or distilled water containing copper. One mechanism of cholesterol and Aβ clearance may be through the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Using an ABCA1 antibody, we determined the number of ABCA1-immunopositive neurons in three areas of rabbit brain as a function of feeding 2% cholesterol and providing tap water, distilled water, or distilled water to which aluminum, copper, or zinc was added. RESULTS The number of neurons with ABCA1 immunoreactivity was increased significantly as a result of dietary cholesterol in the rabbit hippocampus and inferior and superior temporal cortex. The number of neurons with ABCA1 immunoreactivity was further increased in all three areas as a result of cholesterol-fed rabbits drinking tap water or distilled water with copper. Finally, cholesterol-fed rabbits that drank distilled water with aluminum also showed an increased number of ABCA1-immunopositive neurons in inferior and superior temporal cortex. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that ABCA1 levels increase in parallel with previously documented increases in Aβ levels as a result of high dietary cholesterol and copper in the drinking water. Addition of aluminum to distilled water may have a similar effect in the temporal cortex. ABCA1 has been proposed as a means of clearing Aβ from the brain and manipulations that increase Aβ also result in an increase of clearance machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard G Schreurs
- West Virginia University and Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
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23
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Pogue AI, Lukiw WJ. Natural and Synthetic Neurotoxins in Our Environment: From Alzheimer's Disease (AD) to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE & PARKINSONISM 2016; 6:249. [PMID: 27747136 PMCID: PMC5059837 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0460.1000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- Alchem Biotech, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
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24
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Strunecka A, Blaylock RL, Strunecky O. Fluoride, aluminum, and aluminofluoride complexes in pathogenesis of the autism spectrum disorders: A possible role of immunoexcitotoxicity. J Appl Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
We are living in the 'aluminium age'. Human exposure to aluminium is inevitable and, perhaps, inestimable. Aluminium's free metal cation, Alaq(3+), is highly biologically reactive and biologically available aluminium is non-essential and essentially toxic. Biologically reactive aluminium is present throughout the human body and while, rarely, it can be acutely toxic, much less is understood about chronic aluminium intoxication. Herein the question is asked as to how to diagnose aluminium toxicity in an individual. While there are as yet, no unequivocal answers to this problem, there are procedures to follow to ascertain the nature of human exposure to aluminium. It is also important to recognise critical factors in exposure regimes and specifically that not all forms of aluminium are toxicologically equivalent and not all routes of exposure are equivalent in their delivery of aluminium to target sites. To ascertain if Alzheimer's disease is a symptom of chronic aluminium intoxication over decades or breast cancer is aggravated by the topical application of an aluminium salt or if autism could result from an immune cascade initiated by an aluminium adjuvant requires that each of these is considered independently and in the light of the most up to date scientific evidence. The aluminium age has taught us that there are no inevitabilities where chronic aluminium toxicity is concerned though there are clear possibilities and these require proving or discounting but not simply ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.
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26
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Bondy SC. Low levels of aluminum can lead to behavioral and morphological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease and age-related neurodegeneration. Neurotoxicology 2015; 52:222-9. [PMID: 26687397 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a very common component of the earth's mineral composition. It is not essential element for life and is a constituent of rather inert minerals. Therefore, it has often been regarded as not presenting a significant health hazard. As a result, aluminum-containing agents been used in the preparation of many foodstuffs processing steps and also in elimination of particulate organic matter from water. More recently, the reduced pH of bodies of water resulting from acid rain has led to mobilization of aluminum-containing minerals into a more soluble form, and these have thus entered residential drinking water resources. By this means, the body burden of aluminum in humans has increased. Epidemiological and experimental findings indicate that aluminum is not as harmless as was previously thought, and that aluminum may contribute to the inception and advancement of Alzheimer's disease. Epidemiological data is reinforced by indications that aluminum exposure can result in excess inflammatory activity within the brain. Activation of the immune system not initiated by an infectious agent, typifies the aging brain and is even more augmented in several neurodegenerative diseases. The origin of most age-related neurological disorders is generally not known but as they are largely not of genetic derivation, their development is likely triggered by unknown environmental factors. There is a growing and consistent body of evidence that points to aluminum as being one such significant influence. Evidence is presented that reinforces the likelihood that aluminum is a factor speeding the rate of brain aging. Such acceleration would inevitably enlarge the incidence of age-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Bondy
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1830, USA.
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27
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Chappard D, Mabilleau G, Moukoko D, Henric N, Steiger V, Le Nay P, Frin JM, De Bodman C. Aluminum and iron can be deposited in the calcified matrix of bone exostoses. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 152:174-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Fulgenzi A, De Giuseppe R, Bamonti F, Vietti D, Ferrero ME. Efficacy of chelation therapy to remove aluminium intoxication. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 152:214-8. [PMID: 26404567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is a distinct correlation between aluminium (Al) intoxication and neurodegenerative diseases (ND). We demonstrated how patients affected by ND showing Al intoxication benefit from short-term treatment with calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (chelation therapy). Such therapy further improved through daily treatment with the antioxidant Cellfood. In the present study we examined the efficacy of long-term treatment, using both EDTA and Cellfood. Slow intravenous treatment with the chelating agent EDTA (2 g/10 mL diluted in 500 mL physiological saline administered in 2 h) (chelation test) removed Al, which was detected (using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) in urine samples collected from patients over 12 h. Patients that revealed Al intoxication (expressed in μg per g creatinine) underwent EDTA chelation therapy once a week for ten weeks, then once every two weeks for a further six or twelve months. At the end of treatment (a total of 22 or 34 chelation therapies, respectively), associated with daily assumption of Cellfood, Al levels in the urine samples were analysed. In addition, the following blood parameters were determined: homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate, as well as the oxidative status e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and glutathione. Our results showed that Al intoxication reduced significantly following EDTA and Cellfood treatment, and clinical symptoms improved. After treatment, ROS, oxLDL, and homocysteine decreased significantly, whereas vitamin B12, folate and TAC improved significantly. In conclusion, our data show the efficacy of chelation therapy associated with Cellfood in subjects affected by Al intoxication who have developed ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fulgenzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of the Study of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of the Study of Milan, Haematology-Oncology and BMT Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bamonti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of the Study of Milan, Haematology-Oncology and BMT Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Vietti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of the Study of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Ferrero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of the Study of Milan, Milan, Italy
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