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Sandhu A, Rawat K, Gautam V, Kumar A, Sharma A, Bhatia A, Grover S, Saini L, Saha L. Neuroprotective effect of PPAR gamma agonist in rat model of autism spectrum disorder: Role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 135:111126. [PMID: 39179196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical manifestation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to the disruption of fundamental neurodevelopmental pathways. Emerging evidences claim to have an upregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway while downregulation of PPARγ pathway in ASD. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, in rat model of ASD. The study further explores the possible role of PPARγ and Wnt/β-catenin pathway and their interaction in ASD by using their modulators. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pregnant female Wistar rats received 600 mg/kg of valproic acid (VPA) to induce autistic symptoms in pups. Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) was used to evaluate neurobehaviors, relative mRNA expression of inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), apoptotic markers (Bcl-2, Bax, & Caspase-3) and histopathology (H&E, Nissl stain, Immunohistochemistry). Effect of pioglitazone was evaluated on Wnt pathway and 4 μg/kg dose of 6-BIO (Wnt modulator) was used to study the PPARγ pathway. RESULTS ASD model was established in pups as indicated by core autistic symptoms, increased neuroinflammation, apoptosis and histopathological neurodegeneration in cerebellum, hippocampus and amygdala. Pioglitazone significantly attenuated these alterations in VPA-exposed rats. The expression study results indicated an increase in key transcription factor, β-catenin in VPA-rats suggesting an upregulation of canonical Wnt pathway in them. Pioglitazone significantly downregulated the Wnt signaling by suppressing the expression of Wnt signaling-associated proteins. The inhibiting effect of Wnt pathway on PPARγ activity was indicated by downregulation of PPARγ-associated protein in VPA-exposed rats and those administered with 6-BIO. CONCLUSION In the present study, upregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway was demonstrated in ASD rat model. Pioglitazone administration significantly ameliorated these symptoms potentially through its neuroprotective effect and its ability to downregulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The antagonism between the PPARγ and Wnt pathway offers a promising therapeutic approach for addressing ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Sandhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Kajal Rawat
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Vipasha Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Antika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute ofMedical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Lokesh Saini
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001, India
| | - Lekha Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India.
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Liu Y, Wang P, Jin G, Shi P, Zhao Y, Guo J, Yin Y, Shao Q, Li P, Yang P. The novel function of bexarotene for neurological diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102021. [PMID: 37495118 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Bexarotene, a retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist, is approved by FDA to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. However, it has also demonstrated promising therapeutic potential for neurological diseases such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and particularly Alzheimer's disease(AD). In AD, bexarotene inhibits the production and aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ), activates Liver X Receptor/RXR heterodimers to increase lipidated apolipoprotein E to remove Aβ, mitigates the negative impact of Aβ, regulates neuroinflammation, and ultimately improves cognitive function. For other neurological diseases, its mechanisms of action include inhibiting inflammatory responses, up-regulating microglial phagocytosis, and reducing misfolded protein aggregation, all of which aid in alleviating neurological damage. Here, we briefly discuss the characteristics, applications, and adverse effects of bexarotene, summarize its pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic results in various neurological diseases, and elaborate on the problems encountered in preclinical research, with the aim of providing help for the further application of bexarotene in central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtao Liu
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China; College of Third Clinical, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Guofang Jin
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peijie Shi
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Xinxiang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiayi Guo
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaling Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qianhang Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Li
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Pengfei Yang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.
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Abu-Elfotuh K, Selim HMRM, Riad OKM, Hamdan AME, Hassanin SO, Sharif AF, Moustafa NM, Gowifel AM, Mohamed MYA, Atwa AM, Zaghlool SS, El-Din MN. The protective effects of sesamol and/or the probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, against aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats: Modulation of Wnt/β-catenin/GSK-3β, JAK-2/STAT-3, PPAR-γ, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1208252. [PMID: 37601053 PMCID: PMC10436218 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1208252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aluminium (Al) is accumulated in the brain causing neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis, autism and epilepsy. Hence, attenuation of Al-induced neurotoxicity has become a "hot topic" in looking for an intervention that slow down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: Our study aims to introduce a new strategy for hampering aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity using a combination of sesamol with the probiotic bacteria; Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and also to test their possible ameliorative effects on AlCl3-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10/group) which are control, AlCl3, AlCl3 + Sesamol, AlCl3 + L. rhamnosus and AlCl3 + Sesamol + L. rhamnosus. We surveilled the behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological alterations centrally in the brain and peripherally in liver. Results: This work revealed that the combined therapy of sesamol and L. rhamnosus produced marked reduction in brain amyloid-β, p-tau, GSK-3β, inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers, along with marked elevation in brain free β-catenin and Wnt3a, compared to AlCl3-intoxicated rats. Also, the combined therapy exerted pronounced reduction in hepatic expressions of JAK-2/STAT-3, inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB), fibrotic (MMP-2, TIMP-1, α-SMA) and apoptotic markers, (caspase-3), together with marked elevation in hepatic PPAR-γ expression, compared to AlCl3 -intoxicated rats. Behavioral and histopathological assessments substantiated the efficiency of this combined regimen in halting the effect of neurotoxicity. Discussion: Probiotics can be used as an add-on therapy with sesamol ameliorate AlCl3 -mediated neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karema Abu-Elfotuh
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Mohammed Refat M. Selim
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omnia Karem M. Riad
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. E. Hamdan
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Osama Hassanin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F. Sharif
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Clinical Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouran Magdy Moustafa
- Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayah M.H. Gowifel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Y. A. Mohamed
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Atwa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh S. Zaghlool
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Nour El-Din
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Menoufia, Egypt
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Yang J, Wei Y, Zhao T, Li X, Zhao X, Ouyang X, Zhou L, Zhan X, Qian M, Wang J, Shen X. Magnolol effectively ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 107:154434. [PMID: 36122436 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes lacking efficient treatment. Magnolol (MG), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, is a natural product derived from Magnolia officinalis and widely used to treat a variety of diseases as a traditional Chinese medicine and Japanese Kampo medicine. PURPOSE Here, we aimed to investigate the potential of MG in ameliorating DPN-like pathology in mice and decipher the mechanism of MG in treating DPN. MATERIALS AND METHODS 12-week-old male streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic (T1DM) mice and 15-week-old male BKS Cg-m+/+Lepr db/J (db/db) type 2 diabetic mice (T2DM) were used as DPN mice. MG was administrated (i.p) daily for 4 weeks. Peripheral nerve functions of mice were evaluated by measuring mechanical response latency, thermal response latency and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV). The mechanisms underlying the amelioration of MG on DPN-like pathology were examined by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry assays, and verified in the DPN mice with PPARγ-specific knockdown in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuron and sciatic nerve tissues by injecting adeno-associated virus (AAV)8-PPARγ-RNAi. RESULTS MG promoted DRG neuronal neurite outgrowth and effectively ameliorated neurological dysfunctions in both T1DM and T2DM diabetic mice, including improvement of paw withdrawal threshold, thermal response latency and MNCV. Additionally, MG promoted neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons, protected sciatic nerve myelin sheath structure, and ameliorated foot skin intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density in DPN mice by targeting PPARγ. Mechanism research results indicated that MG improved mitochondrial dysfunction involving PPARγ/MKP-7/JNK/SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK/PGC-1α pathway in DRG neurons, repressed inflammation via PPARγ/NF-κB signaling and inhibited apoptosis through regulation of PPARγ-mediated Bcl-2 family proteins in DRG neurons and sciatic nerves. CONCLUSIONS Our work has detailed the mechanism underlying the amelioration of PPARγ agonist on DPN-like pathology in mice with MG as a probe, and highlighted the potential of MG in the treatment of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanzhen Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuxi Wei
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuejian Zhao
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xingnan Ouyang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhan
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Minyi Qian
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jiaying Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xu Shen
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China.
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WNT/β-catenin Pathway: a Possible Link Between Hypertension and Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:465-475. [PMID: 35788966 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent research has shown that older people with high blood pressure (BP), or hypertension, are more likely to have biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Essential hypertension represents the most common cardiovascular disease worldwide and is thought to be responsible for about 13% of all deaths. People with essential hypertension who regularly take prescribed BP medications are half as likely to develop AD as those who do not take them. What then is the connection? RECENT FINDINGS We know that high BP can damage small blood vessels in the brain, affecting those parts that are responsible for memory and thinking. However, the link between AD and hypertension remains unclear. Recent advances in the field of molecular and cellular biology have revealed a downregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in both hypertension and AD. In AD, the glutamate transport function is decreased, a decrease that is associated with a loss of synapse and neuronal death. β-catenin signaling appears to act as a major regulator of glutamate transporters (EAAT and GS) expression and can be harnessed to remove excess glutamate in AD. This review focuses on the possible link between hypertension and AD through the decreased WNT/β-catenin which interacts with the glutamatergic pathway.
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Durai P, Beeraka NM, Ramachandrappa HVP, Krishnan P, Gudur P, Raghavendra NM, Ravanappa PKB. Advances in PPARs Molecular Dynamics and Glitazones as a Repurposing Therapeutic Strategy through Mitochondrial Redox Dynamics against Neurodegeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:893-915. [PMID: 34751120 PMCID: PMC9881103 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211109141330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activity has significant implications for the development of novel therapeutic modalities against neurodegenerative diseases. Although PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ nuclear receptor expressions are significantly reported in the brain, their implications in brain physiology and other neurodegenerative diseases still require extensive studies. PPAR signaling can modulate various cell signaling mechanisms involved in the cells contributing to on- and off-target actions selectively to promote therapeutic effects as well as the adverse effects of PPAR ligands. Both natural and synthetic ligands for the PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ have been reported. PPARα (WY 14.643) and PPARγ agonists can confer neuroprotection by modulating mitochondrial dynamics through the redox system. The pharmacological effect of these agonists may deliver effective clinical responses by protecting vulnerable neurons from Aβ toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Therefore, the current review delineated the ligands' interaction with 3D-PPARs to modulate neuroprotection, and also deciphered the efficacy of numerous drugs, viz. Aβ aggregation inhibitors, vaccines, and γ-secretase inhibitors against AD; this review elucidated the role of PPAR and their receptor isoforms in neural systems, and neurodegeneration in human beings. Further, we have substantially discussed the efficacy of PPREs as potent transcription factors in the brain, and the role of PPAR agonists in neurotransmission, PPAR gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial dynamics in neuroprotection during AD conditions. This review concludes with the statement that the development of novel PPARs agonists may benefit patients with neurodegeneration, mainly AD patients, which may help mitigate the pathophysiology of dementia, subsequently improving overall the patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Durai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570 015, India and JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India;,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Hemanth Vikram Poola Ramachandrappa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570 015, India and JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Pranesh Gudur
- Swamy Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana Deemed University, Bengaluru 560 105, India
| | | | - Prashantha Kumar Bommenahally Ravanappa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570 015, India and JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India;,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570 015, India and JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India; E-mail:
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Wang F, Liu X, He J, Zhang N, Chen L, Tang L, Fan D. Analysis of ERBB4 Variants in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Within a Chinese Cohort. Front Neurol 2022; 13:865264. [PMID: 35481267 PMCID: PMC9035935 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.865264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB4 is related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in patients with a family history and is thought to cause ALS-19. We screened 448 ALS patients, including 364 sporadic ALS (sALS) and 84 familial ALS (fALS) patients with ERBB4 variants, in a Chinese cohort. In total, 12 missense variants were identified in this study. Of these, 3 (p.Arg106His, p.Gln164Pro, and p.Val212Leu) were absent from the in-house healthy control cohort and population databases and predicted to be likely pathogenic. Genetic burden analysis did not reveal an increase in damaging variants of the ERBB4 gene. We considered that most of the missense variants in ERBB4 were not pathogenic, but certain variants, such as p.Arg106His, p.Gln164Pro, and p.Val212Leu, were likely pathogenic. The phenotype of these three patients carrying ERBB4 variants revealed the typical clinical manifestations of ALS without cognitive dysfunction. We concluded that ERBB4 likely pathogenic variants account for ~0.67% of ALS patients in China. It is necessary to interpret the relationship between the disease and variants carefully for ALS patients with ERBB4 gene variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ji He
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Fan
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Possible actions of cannabidiol in obsessive-compulsive disorder by targeting the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:230-248. [PMID: 33837269 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent and distinctive obsessions and/or compulsions. The etiologies remain unclear. Recent findings have shown that oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathways play key roles in the causes of OCD. However, first-line therapies include cognitive-behavioral therapy but only 40% of the patients respond to this first-line therapy. Research for new treatment is mandatory. This review focuses on the potential effects of cannabidiol (CBD), as a potential therapeutic strategy, on OCD and some of the presumed mechanisms by which CBD provides its benefit properties. CBD medication downregulates GSK-3β, the main inhibitor of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. The activation of the WNT/β-catenin could be associated with the control of oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathway and circadian rhythms dysregulation in OCD. Future prospective clinical trials could focus on CBD and its different and multiple interactions in OCD.
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée JN. The Key Role of the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancers under Normoxic Conditions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215557. [PMID: 34771718 PMCID: PMC8582658 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is upregulated in cancers and plays a major role in proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Recent studies have shown that cancer processes are involved under normoxic conditions. These findings completely change the way of approaching the study of the cancer process. In this review, we focus on the fact that, under normoxic conditions, the overstimulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway leads to modifications in the tumor micro-environment and the activation of the Warburg effect, i.e., aerobic glycolysis, autophagy and glutaminolysis, which in turn participate in tumor growth. Abstract The canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is upregulated in cancers and plays a major role in proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Nuclear β-catenin accumulation is associated with cancer. Hypoxic mechanisms lead to the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, promoting glycolytic and energetic metabolism and angiogenesis. However, HIF-1α is degraded by the HIF prolyl hydroxylase under normoxia, conditions under which the WNT/β-catenin pathway can activate HIF-1α. This review is therefore focused on the interaction between the upregulated WNT/β-catenin pathway and the metabolic processes underlying cancer mechanisms under normoxic conditions. The WNT pathway stimulates the PI3K/Akt pathway, the STAT3 pathway and the transduction of WNT/β-catenin target genes (such as c-Myc) to activate HIF-1α activity in a hypoxia-independent manner. In cancers, stimulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway induces many glycolytic enzymes, which in turn induce metabolic reprogramming, known as the Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis, leading to lactate overproduction. The activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway induces gene transactivation via WNT target genes, c-Myc and cyclin D1, or via HIF-1α. This in turn encodes aerobic glycolysis enzymes, including glucose transporter, hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M2, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 and lactate dehydrogenase-A, leading to lactate production. The increase in lactate production is associated with modifications to the tumor microenvironment and tumor growth under normoxic conditions. Moreover, increased lactate production is associated with overexpression of VEGF, a key inducer of angiogenesis. Thus, under normoxic conditions, overstimulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway leads to modifications of the tumor microenvironment and activation of the Warburg effect, autophagy and glutaminolysis, which in turn participate in tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), 6-8 Rue Saint-Fiacre, 77100 Meaux, France;
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80054 Amiens, France;
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR, CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
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10
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée JN. Opposed Interplay between IDH1 Mutations and the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway: Added Information for Glioma Classification. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060619. [PMID: 34070746 PMCID: PMC8229353 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the main common primary intraparenchymal brain tumor in the central nervous system (CNS), with approximately 7% of the death caused by cancers. In the WHO 2016 classification, molecular dysregulations are part of the definition of particular brain tumor entities for the first time. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Several studies have shown that 75% to 80% of secondary glioblastoma (GBM) showed IDH1 mutations, whereas only 5% of primary GBM have IDH1 mutations. IDH1 mutations lead to better overall survival in gliomas patients. IDH1 mutations are associated with lower stimulation of the HIF-1α a, aerobic glycolysis and angiogenesis. The stimulation of HIF-1α and the process of angiogenesis appears to be activated only when hypoxia occurs in IDH1-mutated gliomas. In contrast, the observed upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in gliomas is associated with proliferation, invasion, aggressive-ness and angiogenesis.. Molecular pathways of the malignancy process are involved in early stages of WNT/β-catenin pathway-activated-gliomas, and this even under normoxic conditions. IDH1 mutations lead to decreased activity of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and its enzymatic targets. The opposed interplay between IDH1 mutations and the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in gliomas could participate in better understanding of the observed evolution of different tumors and could reinforce the glioma classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), 77100 Meaux, France;
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80000 Amiens, France;
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
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11
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Anwar S, Shamsi A, Mohammad T, Islam A, Hassan MI. Targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase signaling in the development of effective cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188568. [PMID: 34023419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate is irreversibly decarboxylated to acetyl coenzyme A by mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Decarboxylation of pyruvate is considered a crucial step in cell metabolism and energetics. The cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate. This attribute of cancer cells allows them to sustain under indefinite proliferation and growth. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) play critical roles in many diseases because they regulate PDC activity. Recent findings suggest an altered metabolism of cancer cells is associated with impaired mitochondrial function due to PDC inhibition. PDKs inhibit the PDC activity via phosphorylation of the E1a subunit and subsequently cause a glycolytic shift. Thus, inhibition of PDK is an attractive strategy in anticancer therapy. This review highlights that PDC/PDK axis could be implicated in cancer's therapeutic management by developing potential small-molecule PDK inhibitors. In recent years, a dramatic increase in the targeting of the PDC/PDK axis for cancer treatment gained an attention from the scientific community. We further discuss breakthrough findings in the PDC-PDK axis. In addition, structural features, functional significance, mechanism of activation, involvement in various human pathologies, and expression of different forms of PDKs (PDK1-4) in different types of cancers are discussed in detail. We further emphasized the gene expression profiling of PDKs in cancer patients to prognosis and therapeutic manifestations. Additionally, inhibition of the PDK/PDC axis by small molecule inhibitors and natural compounds at different clinical evaluation stages has also been discussed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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12
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Lithium and Atypical Antipsychotics: The Possible WNT/β Pathway Target in Glaucoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050473. [PMID: 33925885 PMCID: PMC8146329 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that represents the major cause of irreversible blindness. Recent findings have shown which oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathway have main roles in the causes of glaucoma. Lithium is the major commonly used drug for the therapy of chronic mental illness. Lithium therapeutic mechanisms remain complex, including several pathways and gene expression, such as neurotransmitter and receptors, circadian modulation, ion transport, and signal transduction processes. Recent studies have shown that the benefits of lithium extend beyond just the therapy of mood. Neuroprotection against excitotoxicity or brain damages are other actions of lithium. Moreover, recent findings have investigated the role of lithium in glaucoma. The combination of lithium and atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) has been the main common choice for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Due to the possible side effects gradually introduced in therapy. Currently, no studies have focused on the possible actions of AAPs in glaucoma. Recent studies have shown a down regulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway in glaucoma, associated with the overactivation of the GSK-3β signaling. The WNT/β-catenin pathway is mainly associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and glutamatergic pathway. Lithium is correlated with upregulation the WNT/β-catenin pathway and downregulation of the GSK-3β activity. Thus, this review focuses on the possible actions of lithium and AAPs, as possible therapeutic strategies, on glaucoma and some of the presumed mechanisms by which these drugs provide their possible benefit properties through the WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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13
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Vallée A, Vallée JN, Lecarpentier Y. Potential role of cannabidiol in Parkinson's disease by targeting the WNT/β-catenin pathway, oxidative stress and inflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10796-10813. [PMID: 33848261 PMCID: PMC8064164 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disease (ND), presenting a progressive degeneration of the nervous system characterized by a loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Recent findings have shown that oxidative stress and inflammation play key roles in the development of PD. However, therapies remain uncertain and research for new treatment is of the utmost importance. This review focuses on the potential effects of using cannabidiol (CBD) as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PD and on some of the presumed mechanisms by which CBD provides its beneficial properties. CBD medication downregulates GSK-3β, the main inhibitor of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Activation of the WNT/β-catenin could be associated with the control of oxidative stress and inflammation. Future prospective clinical trials should focus on CBD and its multiple interactions in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, Suresnes 92150, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens 80054, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86000, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux 77100, France
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14
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée JN. Interplay of Opposing Effects of the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway and PPARγ and Implications for SARS-CoV2 Treatment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666693. [PMID: 33927728 PMCID: PMC8076593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), has quickly reached pandemic proportions. Cytokine profiles observed in COVID-19 patients have revealed increased levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α and increased NF-κB pathway activity. Recent evidence has shown that the upregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway is associated with inflammation, resulting in a cytokine storm in ARDS (acute respire distress syndrome) and especially in COVID-19 patients. Several studies have shown that the WNT/β-catenin pathway interacts with PPARγ in an opposing interplay in numerous diseases. Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted the interesting role of PPARγ agonists as modulators of inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs through the targeting of the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV2 infection presents a decrease in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) associated with the upregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. SARS-Cov2 may invade human organs besides the lungs through the expression of ACE2. Evidence has highlighted the fact that PPARγ agonists can increase ACE2 expression, suggesting a possible role for PPARγ agonists in the treatment of COVID-19. This review therefore focuses on the opposing interplay between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ in SARS-CoV2 infection and the potential beneficial role of PPARγ agonists in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- University Hospital Center (CHU) Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France.,Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7348, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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15
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée JN. Cannabidiol and the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073798. [PMID: 33917605 PMCID: PMC8038773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which constitutes the main frequent cause of irreversible blindness. Recent findings have shown that oxidative stress, inflammation and glutamatergic pathway play key roles in the causes of glaucoma. Recent studies have shown a down regulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway in glaucoma, associated with overactivation of the GSK-3β signaling. WNT/β-catenin pathway is mainly associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and glutamatergic pathway. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotomimetic phytocannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa plant which possesses many therapeutic properties across a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Since few years, CBD presents an increased interest as a possible drug in anxiolytic disorders. CBD administration is associated with increase of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and decrease of the GSK-3β activity. CBD has a lower affinity for CB1 but can act through other signaling in glaucoma, including the WNT/β-catenin pathway. CBD downregulates GSK3-β activity, an inhibitor of WNT/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, CBD was reported to suppress pro-inflammatory signaling and neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and glutamatergic pathway. Thus, this review focuses on the potential effects of cannabidiol, as a potential therapeutic strategy, on glaucoma and some of the presumed mechanisms by which this phytocannabinoid provides its possible benefit properties through the WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), 6-8 rue Saint-Fiacre, 77100 Meaux, France;
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80054 Amiens, France;
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
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16
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Tan X, Liu Y, Zhang T, Cong S. Integrated analysis of differentially expressed genes and construction of a competing endogenous RNA network in human Huntington neural progenitor cells. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:48. [PMID: 33579286 PMCID: PMC7881634 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease (HD) is one of the most common polyglutamine disorders, leading to progressive dyskinesia, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychological problems. Besides the dysregulation of many protein-coding genes in HD, previous studies have revealed a variety of non-coding RNAs that are also dysregulated in HD, including several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, an integrated analysis of differentially expressed (DE) genes based on a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network is still currently lacking. METHODS In this study, we have systematically analyzed the gene expression profile data of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from patients with HD and controls (healthy controls and the isogenic controls of HD patient cell lines corrected using a CRISPR-Cas9 approach at the HTT locus) to screen out DE mRNAs and DE lncRNAs and create a ceRNA network. To learn more about the possible functions of lncRNAs in the ceRNA regulatory network in HD, we conducted a functional analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and established a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for mRNAs interacting with these lncRNAs. RESULTS We identified 490 DE mRNAs and 94 DE lncRNAs, respectively. Of these, 189 mRNAs and 20 lncRNAs were applied to create a ceRNA network. The results showed that the function of DE lncRNAs mainly correlated with transcriptional regulation as demonstrated by GO analysis. Also, KEGG enrichment analysis showed these lncRNAs were involved in tumor necrosis factor, calcium, Wnt, and NF-kappa B signaling pathways. Interestingly, the PPI network revealed that a variety of transcription factors in the ceRNA network interacted with each other, suggesting such lncRNAs may regulate transcription in HD by controlling the expression of such protein-coding genes, especially transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS Our research provides new clues for uncovering the mechanisms of lncRNAs in HD and can be used as the focus for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Tan
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Vallée A, Vallée JN, Lecarpentier Y. Parkinson's Disease: Potential Actions of Lithium by Targeting the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Glutamatergic Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:230. [PMID: 33503974 PMCID: PMC7911116 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases (ND) which presents a progressive neurodegeneration characterized by loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra pars compacta. It is well known that oxidative stress, inflammation and glutamatergic pathway play key roles in the development of PD. However, therapies remain uncertain and research for new treatment is mandatory. This review focuses on the potential effects of lithium, as a potential therapeutic strategy, on PD and some of the presumed mechanisms by which lithium provides its benefit properties. Lithium medication downregulates GSK-3beta, the main inhibitor of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. The stimulation of the WNT/β-catenin could be associated with the control of oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathway. Future prospective clinical trials could focus on lithium and its different and multiple interactions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Hôpital Foch, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80054 Amiens, France;
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), 6-8 rue Saint-Fiacre, 77100 Meaux, France;
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18
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Lavu N, Richardson L, Radnaa E, Kechichian T, Urrabaz-Garza R, Sheller-Miller S, Bonney E, Menon R. Oxidative stress-induced downregulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in fetal membranes promotes cellular senescence†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:1018-1030. [PMID: 31292604 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress (OS)-induced stress signaler p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) activation and fetal membrane senescence are associated with parturition. This study determined changes in glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and its regulation by p38MAPK in effecting senescence to further delineate the molecular mechanism involved in senescence. METHODS Primary human amnion epithelial cells and amnion mesenchymal cells were treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE, OS inducer). Expression of total and phosphorylated GSK3β and p38MAPK, and that of GSK3β's downstream targets: beta-catenin (β-Cat) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (western blot analysis), cell cycle regulation and senescence (flow cytometry) were determined. The specificity of GSK3β and p38MAPK's mechanistic role was tested by co-treating cells with their respective inhibitors, CHIR99021 and SB203580. Exosomal secretion of β-Cat from OS-induced cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and western blot. RESULTS OS induced by CSE resulted in phosphorylation of GSK3β (inactivation) and p38MAPK (activation) that was associated with cell cycle arrest and senescence. Inhibitors to GSK3β and p38MAPK verified their roles. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inactivation was associated with nuclear translocation of antioxidant Nrf2 and exosomal secretion of β-Cat. CONCLUSIONS OS-induced P-p38MAPK activation is associated with functional downregulation of GSK3β and arrest of cell cycle progression and senescence of amnion cells. Lack of nuclear translocation of β-Cat and its excretion via exosomes further supports the postulation that GSK3β down-regulation by p38MAPK may stop cell proliferation preceding cell senescence. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms of senescence will help develop therapeutic strategies to prevent preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmada Lavu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren Richardson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Talar Kechichian
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Rheanna Urrabaz-Garza
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Samantha Sheller-Miller
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Lecarpentier Y, Schussler O, Hébert JL, Vallée A. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure in Normotensive Subjects. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:50. [PMID: 32661611 PMCID: PMC7359176 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Blood pressure (BP) follows a circadian rhythm (CR) in normotensive subjects. BP increases in the morning and decreases at night. This review aims at providing an up-to-date overview regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the circadian regulation of BP. RECENT FINDINGS The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the regulatory center for CRs. In SCN astrocytes, the phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (pGSK-3β) also follows a CR and its expression reaches a maximum in the morning and decreases at night. pGSK-3β induces the β-catenin migration to the nucleus. During the daytime, the nuclear β-catenin increases the expression of the glutamate excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) and glutamine synthetase (GS). In SCN, EAAT2 removes glutamate from the synaptic cleft of glutamatergic neurons and transfers it to the astrocyte cytoplasm where GS converts glutamate into glutamine. Thus, glutamate decreases in the synaptic cleft. This decreases the stimulation of the glutamate receptors AMPA-R and NMDA-R located on glutamatergic post-synaptic neurons. Consequently, activation of NTS is decreased and BP increases. The opposite occurs at night. Despite several studies resulting from animal studies, the circadian regulation of BP appears largely controlled in normotensive subjects by the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway involving the SCN, astrocytes, and glutamatergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien, 77104, Meaux, France.
| | - Olivier Schussler
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Hébert
- Cardiology Institute, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Vallée
- Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Paris-Descartes University, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Kohan-Ghadr HR, Kilburn BA, Kadam L, Johnson E, Kolb BL, Rodriguez-Kovacs J, Hertz M, Armant DR, Drewlo S. Rosiglitazone augments antioxidant response in the human trophoblast and prevents apoptosis†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:479-494. [PMID: 30137220 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient perfusion of the trophoblast by maternal blood is associated with an increased generation of reactive oxygen species and complications of the placenta. In this study, we first examined whether rosiglitazone, an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), protects the human trophoblast from oxidative injury by regulating key antioxidant proteins, catalase (CAT) and the superoxide dismutases (SOD1 and SOD2). In first trimester placental explants, localization of CAT was limited to cytotrophoblasts, whereas SOD1 was expressed in both the cyto- and syncytiotrophoblasts. In first trimester placental explants, hypoxia decreased the expression of both SOD1 and SOD2, and increased apoptosis. Treatment with rosiglitazone dose-dependently upregulated anti-oxidative CAT and SOD2, and rescued hypoxic injury in first trimester villous explants and JEG-3 cells, strongly suggesting the involvement of the PPARγ in regulating their expressions. Rosiglitazone facilitated transcription activity of PPARγ, and enhanced promotor binding, increased transcriptional activity at the CAT promoter, and elevated protein expression/activity. Treatment of hypoxic JEG-3 cells with rosiglitazone resulted in mitochondrial membrane potential increase and a reduction of caspase 9 and caspase 3 activity which is consistent with improved cell survival. To complement PPARγ activation data, we also utilized the antagonist (SR-202) and siRNA to suppress PPARγ expression and demonstrate the specific role of PPARγ in reducing ROS and oxidative stress. Ex vivo examination of term human placenta revealed lower expression of antioxidant proteins in pathologic compared to healthy placental tissues, which could be rescued by rosiglitazone, indicating that rosiglitazone can improve survival of the trophoblast under pathological conditions. These findings provide evidence that the PPARγ pathway directly influences cellular antioxidants production and the pathophysiology of placental oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian A Kilburn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Leena Kadam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eugenia Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Bradley L Kolb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Javier Rodriguez-Kovacs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Hertz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - D Randall Armant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sascha Drewlo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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Vallée A, Vallée JN, Guillevin R, Lecarpentier Y. Riluzole: a therapeutic strategy in Alzheimer's disease by targeting the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3095-3113. [PMID: 32035419 PMCID: PMC7041777 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, where the etiology remains unclear. AD is characterized by amyloid-(Aβ) protein aggregation and neurofibrillary plaques deposits. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation have been suggested as causes of AD. Glutamatergic pathway dysregulation is also mainly associated with AD process. In AD, the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is downregulated. Downregulation of WNT/β-catenin, by activation of GSK-3β-induced Aβ, and inactivation of PI3K/Akt pathway involve oxidative stress in AD. The downregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway decreases the activity of EAAT2, the glutamate receptors, and leads to neuronal death. In AD, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and glutamatergic pathway operate in a vicious circle driven by the dysregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Riluzole is a glutamate modulator and used as treatment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recent findings have highlighted its use in AD and its potential increase power on the WNT pathway. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which Riluzole can operate in AD remains unclear and should be better determine. The focus of our review is to highlight the potential action of Riluzole in AD by targeting the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway to modulate glutamatergic pathway, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- DACTIM-MIS, Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), University of Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- CHU Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France.,Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM-MIS, Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), University of Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
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22
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Amirfakhryan E, Davarnia B, Jeddi F, Najafzadeh N. Azelaic acid stimulates catalase activation and promotes hair growth through upregulation of Gli1 and Gli2 mRNA and Shh protein. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2020; 10:460-471. [PMID: 32995324 PMCID: PMC7508322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although azelaic acid is effective for treatment of acne and rosacea, the biological activity of azelaic acid and the effect of its combination therapy with minoxidil were not elucidated with regard to hair growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, mouse vibrissae follicles were dissected on day 10 after depilation. Then, the bulb and bulge cells of the hair follicle were treated with minoxidil and azelaic acid for 10 days to evaluate Sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein expression. Moreover, bulge and bulb cells of the hair follicles were cultivated and the expression of Gli1, Gli2, and Axin2 mRNA levels was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. We further investigated the protective effects of azelaic acid against ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation in cultured bulb and bulge cells by determining catalase activity. An irradiation dose of 20 mJ/cm2 UVB for 4 sec was chosen. RESULTS The results showed that catalase activity significantly (p<0.05) increased in the bulge cells after exposure to 2.5 mM and 25 mM azelaic acid. Meanwhile, treatment of the bulb cells with azelaic acid (2.5 and 25 mM) did not cause significant changes in catalase activity. We also found that azelaic acid (25 mM) alone upregulated Gli1 and Gli2 expression in the bulge cells and 100 µ minoxidil caused Gli1 and Axin2 overexpression in the bulb region of the hair follicle. Moreover, minoxidil (100 µM) alone and in combination with azelaic acid (25 mM) led to Shh protein overexpression in the hair follicles in vitro and in organ culture. CONCLUSION Our results indicated a potential role for azelaic acid in the protection of bulge cells from UVB damage and its combination with minoxidil may activate hair growth through overexpression of Shh protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Amirfakhryan
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran ,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Behzad Davarnia
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farhad Jeddi
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nowruz Najafzadeh
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran ,Corresponding Author: Tel: +989104075700, Fax: +984533534703, ,
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23
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Green R, Howell M, Khalil R, Nair R, Yan J, Foran E, Katiri S, Banerjee J, Singh M, Bharadwaj S, Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S. Actinomycin D and Telmisartan Combination Targets Lung Cancer Stem Cells Through the Wnt/Beta Catenin Pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18177. [PMID: 31796785 PMCID: PMC6890794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of lung cancer treatments has been attributed mostly to the development of drug resistance, however the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Cancer initiating stem cells (CSCs), present in tumors in a small percentage, play critical roles in the development of drug resistance, metastasis, and cancer relapse. Hence, novel treatments targeting both bulk cancer cells and CSCs are under intense investigation. Herein, we report that lung cancer cells grown on a 3D fibrous scaffold form tumoroids that resemble in vivo tumors, expand CSCs, and provide a platform to identify anti-CSC drugs. The screening of an NCI library of FDA-approved drugs using tumoroid cultures led to identification of Actinomycin D (AD) as a top CSC inhibitor. Since CSCs are mostly resident in the tumor's inner core, AD was combined with an angiotensin receptor antagonist, Telmisartan (TS), which is known to increase drug permeability in tumors and was shown to have anti-CSC activity. Our results showed that AD + TS administered intra-tumorally was significantly more effective than either drug alone in both syngeneic and xenograft mouse models. The results of mechanistic studies revealed that CSC expansion in tumoroids was associated with activation of β catenin signaling and that AD + TS treatment reduced active β catenin levels in tumors. Together, these results establish the utility of the tumoroid culture system to expand CSCs ex vivo for targeted drug screening, to identify promising novel treatments with both anti-CSC and anti-cancer effects, and to individualize treatments for metastatic drug resistant lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Green
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mark Howell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Roukiah Khalil
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Rajesh Nair
- Transgenex Nanobiotech Inc., Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Jiyu Yan
- Transgenex Nanobiotech Inc., Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Elspeth Foran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Sandhyabanu Katiri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jit Banerjee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Srinivas Bharadwaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Shyam S Mohapatra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Chen C, Yang Y, Yao Y. HBO Promotes the Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells via Interactions Between the Wnt3/β-Catenin and BMP2 Signaling Pathways. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1686-1699. [PMID: 31694396 PMCID: PMC6923559 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719883578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy may promote neurological recovery from hypoxic-ischemic
encephalopathy (HIE). However, the therapeutic effects of HBO and its associated
mechanisms remain unknown. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and bone
morphogenetic protein (BMP) play important roles in mammalian nervous system development.
The present study examined whether HBO stimulates the differentiation of neural stem cells
(NSCs) and its effect on Wnt3/β-catenin and BMP2 signaling pathways. We showed HBO
treatment (2 ATA, 60 min) promoted differentiation of NSCs into neurons and
oligodendrocytes in vitro. In addition, rat hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) tissue
extracts also promoted the differentiation of NSCs into neurons and oligodendrocytes, with
the advantage of reducing the number of astrocytes. These effects were most pronounced
when these two were combined together. In addition, the expression of Wnt3a, BMP2, and
β-catenin nuclear proteins were increased after HBO treatment. However, blockade of
Wnt/β-catenin or BMP signaling inhibited NSC differentiation and reduced the expression of
Wnt3a, BMP2, and β-catenin nuclear proteins. In conclusion, HBO promotes differentiation
of NSCs into neurons and oligodendrocytes and reduced the number of astrocytes in vitro
possibly through regulation of Wnt3/β-catenin and BMP2 signaling pathways. HBO may serve
as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongfeng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan, P.R. China
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25
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Banfai K, Garai K, Ernszt D, Pongracz JE, Kvell K. Transgenic Exosomes for Thymus Regeneration. Front Immunol 2019; 10:862. [PMID: 31110503 PMCID: PMC6499203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During senescence, Wnt4 expression is down-regulated (unlike their Frizzled receptors), while PPARgamma expression increases in the thymus. Together, these changes allow for thymic degeneration to occur, observed as adipose involution. However, when restored, Wnt4 can efficiently counteract PPARgamma and prevent thymic senescence from developing. The Wnt-pathway activator miR27b has also been reported to inhibit PPARgamma. Our goal was to evaluate the Wnt4 and miR27b levels of Wnt4-transgenic thymic epithelial cell (TEC)-derived exosomes, show their regenerative potential against age-related thymic degeneration, and visualize their binding and distribution both in vitro and in vivo. First, transgenic exosomes were harvested from Wnt4 over-expressing TECs and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. This unveiled exosomes ranging from 50 to 100 nm in size. Exosomal Wnt4 protein content was assayed by ELISA, while miR27b levels were measured by TaqMan qPCR, both showing elevated levels in transgenic exosomes relative to controls. Of note, kit-purified TEI (total exosome isolate) outperformed UC (ultracentrifugation)-purified exosomes in these parameters. In addition, a significant portion of exosomal Wnt4 proved to be displayed on exosomal surfaces. For functional studies, steroid (Dexamethasone or DX)-induced TECs were used as cellular aging models in which DX-triggered cellular aging was efficiently prevented by transgenic exosomes. Finally, DiI lipid-stained exosomes were applied on the mouse thymus sections and also iv-injected into mice, for in vitro binding and in vivo tracking, respectively. We have observed distinct staining patterns using DiI lipid-stained transgenic exosomes on sections of young and aging murine thymus samples. Moreover, in vivo injected DiI lipid-stained transgenic exosomes showed detectable homing to the thymus. Of note, Wnt4-transgenic exosome homing outperformed control (Wnt5a-transgenic) exosome homing. In summary, our findings indicate that exosomal Wnt4 and miR27b can efficiently counteract thymic adipose involution. Although extrapolation of mouse results to the human setting needs caution, our results appoint transgenic TEC exosomes as promising tools of immune rejuvenation and contribute to the characterization of the immune-modulatory effects of extracellular vesicles in the context of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Banfai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kitti Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - David Ernszt
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit E Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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26
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Interplay between the renin-angiotensin system, the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ in hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:62. [PMID: 29884931 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heterogeneous causes can determinate hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has a major role in the pathophysiology of blood pressure. Angiotensin II and aldosterone are overexpressed during hypertension and lead to hypertension development and its cardiovascular complications. In several tissues, the overactivation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway leads to inactivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), while PPARγ stimulation induces a decrease of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. In hypertension, the WNT/β-catenin pathway is upregulated, whereas PPARγ is decreased. The WNT/β-catenin pathway and RAS regulate positively each other during hypertension, whereas PPARγ agonists can decrease the expression of both the WNT/β-catenin pathway and RAS. We focus this review on the hypothesis of an opposite interplay between PPARγ and both the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and RAS in regulating the molecular mechanism underlying hypertension. The interactions between PPARγ and the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway through the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertension may be an interesting way to better understand the actions and the effects of PPARγ agonists as antihypertensive drugs.
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27
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Opposite Interplay Between the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway and PPAR Gamma: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Gliomas. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:573-588. [PMID: 29582250 PMCID: PMC5960455 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In gliomas, the canonical Wingless/Int (WNT)/β-catenin pathway is increased while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is downregulated. The two systems act in an opposite manner. This review focuses on the interplay between WNT/β-catenin signaling and PPAR-γ and their metabolic implications as potential therapeutic target in gliomas. Activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway stimulates the transcription of genes involved in proliferation, invasion, nucleotide synthesis, tumor growth, and angiogenesis. Activation of PPAR-γ agonists inhibits various signaling pathways such as the JAK/STAT, WNT/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt pathways, which reduces tumor growth, cell proliferation, cell invasiveness, and angiogenesis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, curcumin, antipsychotic drugs, adiponectin, and sulforaphane downregulate the WNT/β-catenin pathway through the upregulation of PPAR-γ and thus appear to provide an interesting therapeutic approach for gliomas. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an antiangiogenic agent. The downstream action of this opposite interplay may explain the TMZ-resistance often reported in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications, Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7348, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation (DRCI), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien, Meaux, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM, UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications, Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7348, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- CHU Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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28
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Demyelination in Multiple Sclerosis: Reprogramming Energy Metabolism and Potential PPARγ Agonist Treatment Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041212. [PMID: 29659554 PMCID: PMC5979570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) cells is the site of several energy metabolic abnormalities driven by dysregulation between the opposed interplay of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and WNT/β-catenin pathways. We focus our review on the opposing interactions observed in demyelinating processes in MS between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ and their reprogramming energy metabolism implications. Demyelination in MS is associated with chronic inflammation, which is itself associated with the release of cytokines by CD4+ Th17 cells, and downregulation of PPARγ expression leading to the upregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Upregulation of WNT/β-catenin signaling induces activation of glycolytic enzymes that modify their energy metabolic behavior. Then, in MS cells, a large portion of cytosolic pyruvate is converted into lactate. This phenomenon is called the Warburg effect, despite the availability of oxygen. The Warburg effect is the shift of an energy transfer production from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. Lactate production is correlated with increased WNT/β-catenin signaling and demyelinating processes by inducing dysfunction of CD4+ T cells leading to axonal and neuronal damage. In MS, downregulation of PPARγ decreases insulin sensitivity and increases neuroinflammation. PPARγ agonists inhibit Th17 differentiation in CD4+ T cells and then diminish release of cytokines. In MS, abnormalities in the regulation of circadian rhythms stimulate the WNT pathway to initiate the demyelination process. Moreover, PPARγ contributes to the regulation of some key circadian genes. Thus, PPARγ agonists interfere with reprogramming energy metabolism by directly inhibiting the WNT/β-catenin pathway and circadian rhythms and could appear as promising treatments in MS due to these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation (DRCI), Hôpital Foch, 92150 Suresnes, France.
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), 77100 Meaux, France.
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- Data Analysis and Computations Through Imaging Modeling-Mathématiques (DACTIM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7348 (Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Application), University of Poitiers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France.
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80000 Amiens, France.
- LMA (Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France.
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y. Crosstalk Between Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress During Carcinogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:745. [PMID: 29706964 PMCID: PMC5908886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are common and co-substantial pathological processes accompanying, promoting, and even initiating numerous cancers. The canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) generally work in opposition. If one of them is upregulated, the other one is downregulated and vice versa. WNT/β-catenin signaling is upregulated in inflammatory processes and oxidative stress and in many cancers, although there are some exceptions for cancers. The opposite is observed with PPARγ, which is generally downregulated during inflammation and oxidative stress and in many cancers. This helps to explain in part the opposite and unidirectional profile of the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling and PPARγ in these three frequent and morbid processes that potentiate each other and create a vicious circle. Many intracellular pathways commonly involved downstream will help maintain and amplify inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer. Thus, many WNT/β-catenin target genes such as c-Myc, cyclin D1, and HIF-1α are involved in the development of cancers. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκB) can activate many inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, TGF-β, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, MMP, vascular endothelial growth factor, COX2, Bcl2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. These factors are often associated with cancerous processes and may even promote them. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by cellular alterations, stimulate the production of inflammatory factors such as NFκB, signal transducer and activator transcription, activator protein-1, and HIF-α. NFκB inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and therefore activates the canonical WNT pathway. ROS activates the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling in many cancers. PI3K/Akt also inhibits GSK-3β. Many gene mutations of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway giving rise to cancers have been reported (CTNNB1, AXIN, APC). Conversely, a significant reduction in the expression of PPARγ has been observed in many cancers. Moreover, PPARγ agonists promote cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis and reduce inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, invasion, and cell migration. All these complex and opposing interactions between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ appear to be fairly common in inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
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30
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Thermodynamics in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Interplay Between Canonical WNT/Beta-Catenin Pathway-PPAR Gamma, Energy Metabolism and Circadian Rhythms. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:174-204. [PMID: 29572723 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Entropy production rate is increased by several metabolic and thermodynamics abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Irreversible processes are quantified by changes in the entropy production rate. This review is focused on the opposing interactions observed in NDs between the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway and PPAR gamma and their metabolic and thermodynamic implications. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease, WNT/beta-catenin pathway is upregulated, whereas PPAR gamma is downregulated. In Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, WNT/beta-catenin pathway is downregulated while PPAR gamma is upregulated. The dysregulation of the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway is responsible for the modification of thermodynamics behaviors of metabolic enzymes. Upregulation of WNT/beta-catenin pathway leads to aerobic glycolysis, named Warburg effect, through activated enzymes, such as glucose transporter (Glut), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1(PDK1), monocarboxylate lactate transporter 1 (MCT-1), lactic dehydrogenase kinase-A (LDH-A) and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). Downregulation of WNT/beta-catenin pathway leads to oxidative stress and cell death through inactivation of Glut, PKM2, PDK1, MCT-1, LDH-A but activation of PDH. In addition, in NDs, PPAR gamma is dysregulated, whereas it contributes to the regulation of several key circadian genes. NDs show many dysregulation in the mediation of circadian clock genes and so of circadian rhythms. Thermodynamics rhythms operate far-from-equilibrium and partly regulate interactions between WNT/beta-catenin pathway and PPAR gamma. In NDs, metabolism, thermodynamics and circadian rhythms are tightly interrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- DRCI, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.
- LMA (Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications) CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, Poitiers, France.
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien, Meaux, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM, UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- DRCI, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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Lin J, Zheng S, Attie AD, Keller MP, Bernlohr DA, Blaner WS, Newberry EP, Davidson NO, Chen A. Perilipin 5 and liver fatty acid binding protein function to restore quiescence in mouse hepatic stellate cells. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:416-428. [PMID: 29317465 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m077487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation occurs along with decreased Perilipin5 (Plin5) and liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-Fabp) expression and coincident lipid droplet (LD) depletion. Conversely, the activated phenotype is reversible in WT HSCs upon forced expression of Plin5. Here, we asked if L-Fabp expression is required for Plin5-mediated rescue of the quiescent phenotype. Lentiviral Plin5 transduction of passaged L-Fabp-/- HSCs failed to reverse activation markers or restore lipogenic gene expression and LD formation. However, adenoviral L-Fabp infection of lentiviral Plin5 transduced L-Fabp-/- HSCs restored both the quiescent phenotype and LD formation, an effect also mediated by adenoviral intestine-Fabp or adipocyte-Fabp. Expression of exogenous Plin5 in activated WT HSCs induced a transcriptional program of lipogenic gene expression including endogenous L-Fabp, but none of the other FABPs. We further demonstrated that selective, small molecule inhibition of endogenous L-Fabp also eliminated the ability of exogenous Plin5 to rescue LD formation and reverse activation of WT HSCs. This functional coordination of L-Fabp with Plin5 was 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and was eliminated by AMPK inhibition. Taken together, our results indicate that L-Fabp is required for Plin5 to activate a transcriptional program that restores LD formation and reverses HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | | | - Elizabeth P Newberry
- Gastroenterology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Gastroenterology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease which is characterized by a deficit in social interactions and communication with repetitive and restrictive behavior. In altered cells, metabolic enzymes are modified by the dysregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. In ASD, the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is upregulated. We focus this review on the hypothesis of Warburg effect stimulated by the overexpression of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in ASD. Upregulation of WNT/β-catenin pathway induces aerobic glycolysis, named Warburg effect, through activation of glucose transporter (Glut), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1(PDK1), monocarboxylate lactate transporter 1 (MCT-1), lactate dehydrogenase kinase-A (LDH-A) and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). The aerobic glycolysis consists to a supply of a large part of glucose into lactate regardless of oxygen. Aerobic glycolysis is less efficient in terms of ATP production than oxidative phosphorylation because of the shunt of the TCA cycle. Dysregulation of energetic metabolism might promote cell deregulation and progression of ASD. Warburg effect regulation could be an attractive target for developing therapeutic interventions in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, CHU Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, Poitiers, France
- CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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Atrazine-induced environmental nephrosis was mitigated by lycopene via modulating nuclear xenobiotic receptors-mediated response. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 51:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Novel indole and triazole based hybrid molecules exhibit potent anti-adipogenic and antidyslipidemic activity by activating Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:1345-1360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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35
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Reprogramming energetic metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2017; 193:141-152. [PMID: 29079469 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Entropy rate is increased by several metabolic and thermodynamics abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Changes in Gibbs energy, heat production, ionic conductance or intracellular acidity are irreversibles processes which driven modifications of the entropy rate. The present review focusses on the thermodynamic implications in the reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism enabling in Alzheimer's disease (AD) through the opposite interplay of the molecular signaling pathways WNT/β-catenin and PPARγ. In AD, WNT/β-catenin pathway is downregulated while PPARγ is upregulated. Thermodynamics behaviors of metabolic enzymes are modified by dysregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. Downregulation of WNT/β-catenin pathway leads to oxidative stress and cell death through inactivation of glycolytic enzymes such as Glut, PKM2, PDK1, MCT-1, LDH-A but activation of PDH. In addition, in NDs, PPARγ is dysregulated whereas it contributes to the regulation of several key circadian genes. AD is considered as a dissipative structure that exchanges energy or matter with its environment far from the thermodynamic equilibrium. Far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics are notions driven by circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms directly participate in regulating the molecular pathways WNT/β-catenin and PPARγ involved in the reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism enabling AD processes.
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Effects of cannabidiol interactions with Wnt/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:853-866. [PMID: 28981597 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, in which the primary etiology remains unknown. AD presents amyloid beta (Aβ) protein aggregation and neurofibrillary plaque deposits. AD shows oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. In AD, canonical Wingless-Int (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway is downregulated, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is increased. Downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin, through activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) by Aβ, and inactivation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling involve oxidative stress in AD. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotomimetic phytocannabinoid from Cannabis sativa plant. In PC12 cells, Aβ-induced tau protein hyperphosphorylation is inhibited by CBD. This inhibition is associated with a downregulation of p-GSK-3β, an inhibitor of Wnt pathway. CBD may also increase Wnt/β-catenin by stimulation of PPARγ, inhibition of Aβ and ubiquitination of amyloid precursor protein. CBD attenuates oxidative stress and diminishes mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species generation. CBD suppresses, through activation of PPARγ, pro-inflammatory signaling and may be a potential new candidate for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Rémy Guillevin
- Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, DACTIM, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, UMR CNRS 7348, SP2MI, Futuroscope, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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37
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SIRT3 inhibits Ang II-induced transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts through β-catenin/PPAR-γ signaling. Life Sci 2017; 186:111-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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38
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Interactions between TGF-β1, canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPAR γ in radiation-induced fibrosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90579-90604. [PMID: 29163854 PMCID: PMC5685775 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy induces DNA damage and inflammation leading to fibrosis. Fibrosis can occur 4 to 12 months after radiation therapy. This process worsens with time and years. Radiation-induced fibrosis is characterized by fibroblasts proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, and synthesis of collagen, proteoglycans and extracellular matrix. Myofibroblasts are non-muscle cells that can contract and relax. Myofibroblasts evolve towards irreversible retraction during fibrosis process. In this review, we discussed the interplays between transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) in regulating the molecular mechanisms underlying the radiation-induced fibrosis, and the potential role of PPAR γ agonists. Overexpression of TGF-β and canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway stimulate fibroblasts accumulation and myofibroblast differentiation whereas PPAR γ expression decreases due to the opposite interplay of canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. Both TGF-β1 and canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway stimulate each other through the Smad pathway and non-Smad pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase (PI3K/Akt) signaling. WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPAR γ interact in an opposite manner. PPAR γ agonists decrease β-catenin levels through activation of inhibitors of the WNT pathway such as Smad7, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3 β) and dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1). PPAR γ agonists also stimulate phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression, which decreases both TGF-β1 and PI3K/Akt pathways. PPAR γ agonists by activating Smad7 decrease Smads pathway and then TGF-β signaling leading to decrease radiation-induced fibrosis. TGF-β1 and canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway promote radiation-induced fibrosis whereas PPAR γ agonists can prevent radiation-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM, UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,CHU Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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Interactions Between the Canonical WNT/Beta-Catenin Pathway and PPAR Gamma on Neuroinflammation, Demyelination, and Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:783-795. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. PPARγ agonists: Potential treatments for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Life Sci 2017; 188:123-130. [PMID: 28887057 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) characterizes the progression of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with the deterioration in the central vision. Vascular inflammation, and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and aberrant endothelial cell migration, initiate defective blood vessel proliferation in exudative AMD. CNV formation is initiated by the interplay between inflammation, the hallmark of exudative AMD, and the activation of WNT/β-catenin pathway. Upregulation of WNT/β-catenin pathway involves activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and then the Warburg effect to produce lactate. Lactate production generates VEGF expression and then participates to the initiation of CNV in exudative AMD. WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ act in an opposite manner in several diseases. We focus this review on the interplay between PPARγ and canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and the anti-inflammatory role of PPARγ in exudative AMD. In exudative AMD, PPARγ agonists downregulate inflammation and the WNT/β-catenin pathway. PPARγ agonists can appear as promising treatment against the initiation and the progression of CNV in exudative AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, France.
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, DACTIM, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, UMR CNRS 7348, SP2MI, Futuroscope, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, France; CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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41
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Ke R, Xie X, Li S, Pan Y, Wang J, Yan X, Zang W, Gao L, Li M. 5-HT induces PPAR γ reduction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via modulating GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72910-72920. [PMID: 29069835 PMCID: PMC5641178 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) is down-regulated in pulmonary vascular lesions of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and animal models of PH. Yet, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying this alteration are not fully defined; the aim of this study is to address this issue. 5-HT dose- and time-dependently reduced PPAR γ expression and promoted pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation; this was accompanied with the phosphorylation of Akt, inactivation of GSK-3β and up-regulation of β-catenin. Importantly, pre-treatment of cells with PI3K inhibitor (Ly294002) or prior silencing of β-catenin with siRNA blocked 5-HT-induced PPAR γ reduction and PASMCs proliferation. In addition, inactivation or lack of GSK-3β or inhibition of proteasome function up-regulated β-catenin protein without affecting its mRNA level and reduced PPAR γ protein expression. Taken together, our study indicates that 5-HT suppresses PPAR γ expression and stimulates PASMCs proliferation by modulating GSK-3β/β-catenin axis, and suggests that targeting this pathway might have potential value in the management of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yilin Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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42
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Jeon KI, Phipps RP, Sime PJ, Huxlin KR. Antifibrotic Actions of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Ligands in Corneal Fibroblasts Are Mediated by β-Catenin-Regulated Pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1660-1669. [PMID: 28606794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing after corneal injury typically involves fibrosis, with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) as one of its strongest mediators. A class of small molecules-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligands-exert potent antifibrotic effects in the cornea by blocking phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, why this blocks fibrosis remains unknown. Herein, we show that PPARγ ligands (rosiglitazone, troglitazone, and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2) decrease levels of β-catenin. We also show that β-catenin siRNA and the Wingless/integrated (Wnt) inhibitor pyrvinium block the ability of corneal fibroblasts to up-regulate synthesis of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen 1 (COL1), and fibronectin (FN) in response to TGF-β1. Activation of TGF-β receptors and p38 MAPK increased glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation, whereas a chemical inhibitor of p38 MAPK (SB203580) reduced the phosphorylation of GSK3β, decreasing active β-catenin levels in both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions. Finally, lithium chloride, a GSK3 inhibitor, also attenuated the TGF-β1-induced increase in α-SMA, COL1, and FN expression. All in all, our results suggest that TGF-β1 stimulation increases active β-catenin concentration in cultured corneal fibroblasts through p38 MAPK regulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, increasing α-SMA, COL1, and FN synthesis. Thus, PPARγ ligands, by blocking TGF-β1-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation, prevent increases in both total and active β-catenin through p38 MAPK-GSK3β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kye-Im Jeon
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Krystel R Huxlin
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
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43
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Thermodynamics in Gliomas: Interactions between the Canonical WNT/Beta-Catenin Pathway and PPAR Gamma. Front Physiol 2017; 8:352. [PMID: 28620312 PMCID: PMC5451860 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas cells are the site of numerous metabolic and thermodynamics abnormalities with an increasing entropy rate which is characteristic of irreversible processes driven by changes in Gibbs energy, heat production, intracellular acidity, membrane potential gradient, and ionic conductance. We focus our review on the opposing interactions observed in glioma between the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway and PPAR gamma and their metabolic and thermodynamic implications. In gliomas, WNT/beta-catenin pathway is upregulated while PPAR gamma is downregulated. Upregulation of WNT/beta-catenin signaling induces changes in key metabolic enzyme that modify their thermodynamics behavior. This leads to activation pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1(PDK-1) and monocarboxylate lactate transporter 1 (MCT-1). Consequently, phosphorylation of PDK-1 inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). Thus, a large part of pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-CoA in mitochondria and in TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle. This leads to aerobic glycolysis despite the availability of oxygen, named Warburg effect. Cytoplasmic pyruvate is, in major part, converted into lactate. The WNT/beta-catenin pathway induces also the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation, cell invasiveness, nucleotide synthesis, tumor growth, and angiogenesis, such as c-Myc, cyclin D1, PDK. In addition, in gliomas cells, PPAR gamma is downregulated, leading to a decrease in insulin sensitivity and an increase in neuroinflammation. Moreover, PPAR gamma contributes to regulate some key circadian genes. Abnormalities in the regulation of circadian rhythms and dysregulation in circadian clock genes are observed in gliomas. Circadian rhythms are dissipative structures, which play a key role in far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics through their interactions with WNT/beta-catenin pathway and PPAR gamma. In gliomas, metabolism, thermodynamics, and circadian rhythms are tightly interrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1084, University of PoitiersPoitiers, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7348, Université de PoitiersPoitiers, France
| | | | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7348, SP2MIFuturoscope, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7348, Université de PoitiersPoitiers, France
- CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules VerneAmiens, France
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Thermodynamics in cancers: opposing interactions between PPAR gamma and the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:14. [PMID: 28405929 PMCID: PMC5389954 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are the site of numerous metabolic and thermodynamic abnormalities. We focus this review on the interactions between the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) in cancers and their implications from an energetic and metabolic point of view. In numerous tissues, PPAR gamma activation induces inhibition of beta-catenin pathway, while the activation of the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway inactivates PPAR gamma. In most cancers but not all, PPAR gamma is downregulated while the WNT/beta-catenin pathway is upregulated. In cancer cells, upregulation of the WNT/beta-catenin signaling induces dramatic changes in key metabolic enzymes that modify their thermodynamic behavior. This leads to activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase1 (PDK-1) and monocarboxylate lactate transporter. Consequently, phosphorylation of PDK-1 inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). Thus, a large part of pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) in mitochondria and only a part of acetyl-CoA can enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This leads to aerobic glycolysis in spite of the availability of oxygen. This phenomenon is referred to as the Warburg effect. Cytoplasmic pyruvate is converted into lactate. The WNT/beta-catenin pathway induces the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation, i.e., MYC and CYCLIN D1. This ultimately promotes the nucleotide, protein and lipid synthesis necessary for cell growth and multiplication. In cancer, activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway induces an increase of the aerobic glycolysis. Moreover, prostaglandin E2 by activating the canonical WNT pathway plays also a role in cancer. In addition in many cancer cells, PPAR gamma is downregulated. Moreover, PPAR gamma contributes to regulate some key circadian genes. In cancers, abnormalities in the regulation of circadian rhythms (CRs) are observed. CRs are dissipative structures which play a key-role in far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics. In cancers, metabolism, thermodynamics and CRs are intimately interrelated.
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Interactions between PPAR Gamma and the Canonical Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathway in Type 2 Diabetes and Colon Cancer. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:5879090. [PMID: 28298922 PMCID: PMC5337359 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5879090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In both colon cancer and type 2 diabetes, metabolic changes induced by upregulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) may help account for the frequent association of these two diseases. In both diseases, PPAR gamma is downregulated while the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is upregulated. In colon cancer, upregulation of the canonical Wnt system induces activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and deactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. As a result, a large part of cytosolic pyruvate is converted into lactate through activation of lactate dehydrogenase. Lactate is extruded out of the cell by means of activation of monocarboxylate lactate transporter-1. This phenomenon is called Warburg effect. PPAR gamma agonists induce beta-catenin inhibition, while inhibition of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activates PPAR gamma.
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y. Alzheimer Disease: Crosstalk between the Canonical Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathway and PPARs Alpha and Gamma. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:459. [PMID: 27807401 PMCID: PMC5069291 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still not fully understood. In AD, Wnt/beta-catenin signaling has been shown to be downregulated while the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma (mARN and protein) is upregulated. Certain neurodegenerative diseases share the same Wnt/beta-catenin/PPAR gamma profile, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Conversely, other NDs share an opposite profile, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Friedreich's ataxia. AD is characterized by the deposition of extracellular Abeta plaques and the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in the central nervous system (CNS). Activation of Wnt signaling or inhibition of both glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and Dickkopf 1, two key negative regulators of the canonical Wnt pathway, are able to protect against Abeta neurotoxicity and to ameliorate cognitive performance in AD patients. Although PPAR gamma is upregulated in AD patients, and despite the fact that it has been shown that the PPAR gamma and Wnt/beta catenin pathway systems work in an opposite manner, PPAR gamma agonists diminish learning and memory deficits, decrease Abeta activation of microglia, and prevent hippocampal and cortical neurons from dying. These beneficial effects observed in AD transgenic mice and patients might be partially due to the anti-inflammatory properties of PPAR gamma agonists. Moreover, activation of PPAR alpha upregulates transcription of the alpha-secretase gene and represents a new therapeutic treatment for AD. This review focuses largely on the behavior of two opposing pathways in AD, namely Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and PPAR gamma. It is hoped that this approach may help to develop novel AD therapeutic strategies integrating PPAR alpha signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules VerneAmiens, France
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of PoitiersPoitiers, France
- AP-HP, Epidemiology and Clinical Research Department, University Hospital Bichat-Claude BernardParis, France
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