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Li X, Guan Y, Chen D, Li J, Yu W, Zou H, Liu B, Chen L, Chen Z. Immune Cells Promote BDNF Expression by Infiltrated Macrophages via Interleukin 4 in the Cerebral Ischemia of Male Rats. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25379. [PMID: 39235282 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
We reported that infiltrated Ly6C+ macrophages express brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) only at the cerebral cortex infarct in a rat dMCAO model. However, the changein neuron-expressed BDNF, the niche components that induce the Ly6C+ cells to express BDNF, and the cellular sources of these components, remain unclear. In this study, immunofluorescence double staining was performed to label BDNF and Ly6C on brain sections at 3, 24, and 48 h following distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) of male rats, and to stain BDNF with Ly6C, IL-4R, and IL-10R. A neutralizing anti-IL-4 antibody was injected into the infarct, and the IL-4 and BDNF concentrations in the subareas of the infarct were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To find out the cellular sources of IL-4, the markers for microglia, T cells, and neurons were co-stained with IL-4 separately. In certain infarct subareas, the main BDNF-expressing cells shifted quickly from NeuN+ neurons to Ly6C+ cells during 24-48 h post-stroke, and the Ly6C+/BDNF+ cells mostly expressed IL-4 receptor. Following IL-4 neutralizing antibody injection, the BDNF, IL-4 protein levels, and BDNF+/Ly6C+ cells decreased significantly. The main IL-4-expressing cell type in this infarct subarea is not neuron either, but immune cells, including microglia, monocyte, macrophages, and T cells. The neurons, maintained BDNF and IL-4 expression in the peri-infarct area. In conclusion, in a specific cerebral subarea of the rat dMCAO model, IL-4 secreted by immune cells is one of the main inducers for Ly6C+ cells to express BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Li
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunqian Guan
- Cell Therapy Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Danni Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiu Yu
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haiqiang Zou
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bochao Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Cell Therapy Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lee GA, Chang YW, Lai JH, Chang TH, Huang SW, Yang CH, Shen TA, Lin WL, Wu YC, Tseng LW, Tseng SH, Chen YC, Chiang YH, Chen CY. CCN1 Is a Therapeutic Target for Reperfused Ischemic Brain Injury. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01279-0. [PMID: 39028413 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke can lead to systemic inflammation, which can activate peripheral immune cells, causing neuroinflammation and brain injury. Meningeal lymphatics play a crucial role in transporting solutes and immune cells out of the brain and draining them into cervical lymph nodes (CLNs). However, the role of meningeal lymphatics in regulating systemic inflammation during the reperfusion stage after ischemia is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that brain infarct size, neuronal loss, and the effector function of inflammatory macrophage subsets were reduced after ischemia-reperfusion and disruption of meningeal lymphatics. Spatial memory function was improved in the late stage of ischemic stroke following meningeal lymphatic disruption. Brain-infiltrating immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, and T and natural killer cells, were reduced after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and meningeal lymphatic disruption. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that meningeal lymphatic disruption reprogrammed the transcriptome profile related to chemotaxis and leukocyte migration in CLN lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), and it also decreased chemotactic CCN1 expression in floor LECs. Replenishment of CCN1 through intraventricular injection increased brain infarct size and neuronal loss, while restoring numbers of macrophages/microglia in the brains of meningeal lymphatic-disrupted mice after ischemic stroke. Blocking CCN1 in cerebrospinal fluid reduced brain infarcts and improves spatial memory function after ischemia-reperfusion injury. In summary, this study indicates that CCN1-mediated detrimental inflammation was alleviated after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and meningeal lymphatic disruption. CCN1 represents a novel therapeutic target for inhibiting systemic inflammation in the brain-CLN axis after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Aaron Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Child Development Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Huei Lai
- Core Laboratory of Neuroscience, Office of R&D, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Wen Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-An Shen
- Bioinformatics Center, Office of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Li Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Tseng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Hui Tseng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chieh Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Core Laboratory of Neuroscience, Office of R&D, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Translational Imaging Research Center, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Gong H, Li Z, Huang G, Mo X. Effects of peripheral blood cells on ischemic stroke: Greater immune response or systemic inflammation? Heliyon 2024; 10:e32171. [PMID: 38868036 PMCID: PMC11168442 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is still one of the most serious medical conditions endangering human health worldwide. Current research on the mechanism of ischemic stroke focuses on the primary etiology as well as the subsequent inflammatory response and immune modulation. Recent research has revealed that peripheral blood cells and their components are crucial to the ensuing progression of ischemic stroke. However, it remains unclear whether blood cell elements are principally in charge of systemic inflammation or immunological regulation, or if their participation is beneficial or harmful to the development of ischemic stroke. In this review, we aim to describe the changes in peripheral blood cells and their corresponding parameters in ischemic stroke. Specifically, we elaborate on the role of each peripheral component in the inflammatory response or immunological modulation as well as their interactions. It has been suggested that more specific therapies aimed at targeting peripheral blood cell components and their role in inflammation or immunity are more favorable to the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guoqing Huang
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, PR China
| | - Xiaoye Mo
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, PR China
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Sommer K, Garibagaoglu H, Paap EM, Wiendl M, Müller TM, Atreya I, Krönke G, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Discrepant Phenotyping of Monocytes Based on CX3CR1 and CCR2 Using Fluorescent Reporters and Antibodies. Cells 2024; 13:819. [PMID: 38786041 PMCID: PMC11119841 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Monocytes, as well as downstream macrophages and dendritic cells, are essential players in the immune system, fulfilling key roles in homeostasis as well as in inflammatory conditions. Conventionally, driven by studies on reporter models, mouse monocytes are categorized into a classical and a non-classical subset based on their inversely correlated surface expression of Ly6C/CCR2 and CX3CR1. Here, we aimed to challenge this concept by antibody staining and reporter mouse models. Therefore, we took advantage of Cx3cr1GFP and Ccr2RFP reporter mice, in which the respective gene was replaced by a fluorescent reporter protein gene. We analyzed the expression of CX3CR1 and CCR2 by flow cytometry using several validated fluorochrome-coupled antibodies and compared them with the reporter gene signal in these reporter mouse strains. Although we were able to validate the specificity of the fluorochrome-coupled flow cytometry antibodies, mouse Ly6Chigh classical and Ly6Clow non-classical monocytes showed no differences in CX3CR1 expression levels in the peripheral blood and spleen when stained with these antibodies. On the contrary, in Cx3cr1GFP reporter mice, we were able to reproduce the inverse correlation of the CX3CR1 reporter gene signal and Ly6C surface expression. Furthermore, differential CCR2 surface expression correlating with the expression of Ly6C was observed by antibody staining, but not in Ccr2RFP reporter mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that phenotyping strategies for mouse monocyte subsets should be carefully selected. In accordance with the literature, the suitability of CX3CR1 antibody staining is limited, whereas for CCR2, caution should be applied when using reporter mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sommer
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Hilal Garibagaoglu
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Eva-Maria Paap
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Maximilian Wiendl
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Tanja M. Müller
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
- Medical Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Bai M, Sun R, Cao B, Feng J, Wang J. Monocyte-related cytokines/chemokines in cerebral ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3693-3712. [PMID: 37452512 PMCID: PMC10651979 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and the most common cause of disability in Western countries. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the development and progression of ischemic stroke, and inflammation is one of the most important mechanisms. DISCUSSION Ischemia induces the release of adenosine triphosphate/reactive oxygen species, which activates immune cells to produce many proinflammatory cytokines that activate downstream inflammatory cascades to induce fatal immune responses. Research has confirmed that peripheral blood immune cells play a vital role in the immunological cascade after ischemic stroke. The role of monocytes has received much attention among numerous peripheral blood immune cells. Monocytes induce their effects by secreting cytokines or chemokines, including CCL2/CCR2, CCR4, CCR5, CD36, CX3CL1/CX3CR1, CXCL12(SDF-1), LFA-1/ICAM-1, Ly6C, MMP-2/9, NR4A1, P2X4R, P-selectin, CD40L, TLR2/4, and VCAM-1/VLA-4. Those factors play important roles in the process of monocyte recruitment, migration, and differentiation. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the function and mechanism of the cytokines secreted by monocytes in the process of ischemic stroke and provides novel targets for treating cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Bai
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruize Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Su X, Zhao S, Zhang N. Admission NLPR predicts long-term mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-III database. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283356. [PMID: 37616313 PMCID: PMC10449205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neutrophil to lymphocyte*platelet ratio (NLPR) is a new index based on platelets, neutrophils, and lymphocytes associated with the prognosis of patients with infectious diseases and cancer. However, its use in acute ischemic stroke has rarely been reported. This study examined the relationship between levels of systemic immunoinflammatory indices at admission and patient outcomes at different times after onset to assess stroke prognosis by NLPR. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. The data from 1222 stroke patients were obtained from multi-parameter intelligent monitoring in the Intensive Care III database(MIMIC- III). Cox proportional risk model was conducted to evaluate the relation between NLPR, all-cause mortality, and ischemic. The results were further verified via a subgroup analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for multiple covariates, it was found that NLPR was related with all-cause mortality in stroke patients. High NLPR was accompanied by an increase in mortality with longer follow-up (30 days: HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.14-2.02,90 days: HR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.29-2.16, 365 days: HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.24-1.96 and 2 years: HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.22-1.89). CONCLUSION The neutrophil to lymphocyte*platelet ratio (NLPR) are related to long-term adverse outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Therefore, NLPR is a promising inflammatory index for predicting the long-term prognosis of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Su
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shigang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Carmona-Mora P, Knepp B, Jickling GC, Zhan X, Hakoupian M, Hull H, Alomar N, Amini H, Sharp FR, Stamova B, Ander BP. Monocyte, neutrophil, and whole blood transcriptome dynamics following ischemic stroke. BMC Med 2023; 21:65. [PMID: 36803375 PMCID: PMC9942321 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After ischemic stroke (IS), peripheral leukocytes infiltrate the damaged region and modulate the response to injury. Peripheral blood cells display distinctive gene expression signatures post-IS and these transcriptional programs reflect changes in immune responses to IS. Dissecting the temporal dynamics of gene expression after IS improves our understanding of immune and clotting responses at the molecular and cellular level that are involved in acute brain injury and may assist with time-targeted, cell-specific therapy. METHODS The transcriptomic profiles from peripheral monocytes, neutrophils, and whole blood from 38 ischemic stroke patients and 18 controls were analyzed with RNA-seq as a function of time and etiology after stroke. Differential expression analyses were performed at 0-24 h, 24-48 h, and >48 h following stroke. RESULTS Unique patterns of temporal gene expression and pathways were distinguished for monocytes, neutrophils, and whole blood with enrichment of interleukin signaling pathways for different time points and stroke etiologies. Compared to control subjects, gene expression was generally upregulated in neutrophils and generally downregulated in monocytes over all times for cardioembolic, large vessel, and small vessel strokes. Self-organizing maps identified gene clusters with similar trajectories of gene expression over time for different stroke causes and sample types. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analyses identified modules of co-expressed genes that significantly varied with time after stroke and included hub genes of immunoglobulin genes in whole blood. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, the identified genes and pathways are critical for understanding how the immune and clotting systems change over time after stroke. This study identifies potential time- and cell-specific biomarkers and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Carmona-Mora
- Department of Neurology and M.I.N.D, Institute, M.I.N.D. Institute Bioscience Labs, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 2805 50th St, Room 2434, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Bodie Knepp
- Department of Neurology and M.I.N.D, Institute, M.I.N.D. Institute Bioscience Labs, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 2805 50th St, Room 2434, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 87 Avenue & 114 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J7, Canada
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology and M.I.N.D, Institute, M.I.N.D. Institute Bioscience Labs, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 2805 50th St, Room 2434, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Marisa Hakoupian
- Department of Neurology and M.I.N.D, Institute, M.I.N.D. Institute Bioscience Labs, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 2805 50th St, Room 2434, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Heather Hull
- Department of Neurology and M.I.N.D, Institute, M.I.N.D. Institute Bioscience Labs, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 2805 50th St, Room 2434, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Noor Alomar
- Department of Neurology and M.I.N.D, Institute, M.I.N.D. Institute Bioscience Labs, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 2805 50th St, Room 2434, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Hajar Amini
- Department of Neurology and M.I.N.D, Institute, M.I.N.D. Institute Bioscience Labs, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 2805 50th St, Room 2434, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology and M.I.N.D, Institute, M.I.N.D. Institute Bioscience Labs, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 2805 50th St, Room 2434, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Boryana Stamova
- Department of Neurology and M.I.N.D, Institute, M.I.N.D. Institute Bioscience Labs, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 2805 50th St, Room 2434, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Bradley P Ander
- Department of Neurology and M.I.N.D, Institute, M.I.N.D. Institute Bioscience Labs, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, 2805 50th St, Room 2434, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
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Ziqing Z, Yunpeng L, Yiqi L, Yang W. Friends or foes: The mononuclear phagocyte system in ischemic stroke. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13151. [PMID: 36755470 PMCID: PMC10041168 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of disability and death in adults, and the immune response plays an indispensable role in its pathological process. After the onset of IS, an inflammatory storm, with the infiltration and mobilization of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), is triggered in the brain. Microglia are rapidly activated in situ, followed by waves of circulating monocytes into the ischemic area. Activated microglia and monocytes/macrophages are mainly distributed in the peri-infarct area. These cells have similar morphology and functions, such as secreting cytokines and phagocytosis. Previously, the presence of the MPS was considered a marker of an exacerbated inflammatory response that contributes to brain damage. However, recent studies have suggested a rather complicated role of the MPS in IS. Here, we reviewed articles focusing on various functions of the MPS among different phases of IS, including recruitment, polarization, phagocytosis, angiogenesis, and interaction with other types of cells. Moreover, due to the characteristics of the MPS, we also noted clinical research addressing alterations in the MPS as potential biomarkers for IS patients for the purposes of predicting prognosis and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Ziqing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yunpeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yiqi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Cai J, Ye Z, Hu Y, Yang J, Wu L, Yuan F, Zhang L, Chen Q, Zhang S. Identification of immunogenic cell death-related gene classification patterns and immune infiltration characterization in ischemic stroke based on machine learning. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1094500. [PMID: 36601430 PMCID: PMC9806121 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1094500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for more than 80% of strokes and is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Due to the narrow time window for treatment and the frequent occurrence of severe bleeding, patients benefit less from early intravenous thrombolytic drug therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the molecular mechanisms poststroke to drive the development of new therapeutic approaches. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of regulatory cell death (RCD) that is sufficient to activate the adaptive immune response of immunocompetent hosts. Although there is growing evidence that ICD regulation of immune responses and immune responses plays an important role in the development of IS, the role of ICD in the pathogenesis of IS has rarely been explored. In this study, we systematically evaluated ICD-related genes in IS. The expression profiles of ICD-related genes in IS and normal control samples were systematically explored. We conducted consensus clustering, immune infiltration analysis, and functional enrichment analysis of IS samples using ICD differentially expressed genes. The results showed that IS patients could be classified into two clusters and that the immune infiltration profile was altered in different clusters. In addition, we performed machine learning to screen nine signature genes that can be used to predict the occurrence of disease. We also constructed nomogram models based on the nine risk genes (CASP1, CASP8, ENTPD1, FOXP3, HSP90AA1, IFNA1, IL1R1, MYD88, and NT5E) and explored the immune infiltration correlation, gene-miRNA, and gene-TF regulatory network of the nine risk genes. Our study may provide a valuable reference for further elucidation of the pathogenesis of IS and provide directions for drug screening, personalized therapy, and immunotherapy for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhang Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ji’an Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fanen Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Shenqi Zhang,
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10
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Zhu Y, Webster MJ, Murphy CE, Middleton FA, Massa PT, Liu C, Dai R, Weickert CS. Distinct Phenotypes of Inflammation Associated Macrophages and Microglia in the Prefrontal Cortex Schizophrenia Compared to Controls. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:858989. [PMID: 35844224 PMCID: PMC9279891 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.858989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of people with schizophrenia are classified as having "high inflammation." This subgroup has worse neuropathology than patients with "low inflammation." Thus, one would expect the resident microglia and possibly monocyte-derived macrophages infiltrating from the periphery to be "activated" in those with schizophrenia with elevated neuroinflammation. To test whether microglia and/or macrophages are associated with increased inflammatory signaling in schizophrenia, we measured microglia- and macrophage-associated transcripts in the postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 69 controls and 72 people with schizophrenia. Both groups were stratified by neuroinflammatory status based on cortical mRNA levels of cytokines and SERPINA3. We found microglial mRNAs levels were either unchanged (IBA1 and Hexb, p > 0.20) or decreased (CD11c, <62% p < 0.001) in high inflammation schizophrenia compared to controls. Conversely, macrophage CD163 mRNA levels were increased in patients, substantially so in the high inflammation schizophrenia subgroup compared to low inflammation subgroup (>250%, p < 0.0001). In contrast, high inflammation controls did not have elevated CD163 mRNA compared to low inflammation controls (p > 0.05). The pro-inflammatory macrophage marker (CD64 mRNA) was elevated (>160%, all p < 0.05) and more related to CD163 mRNA in the high inflammation schizophrenia subgroup compared to high inflammation controls, while anti-inflammatory macrophage and cytokine markers (CD206 and IL-10 mRNAs) were either unchanged or decreased in schizophrenia. Finally, macrophage recruitment chemokine CCL2 mRNA was increased in schizophrenia (>200%, p < 0.0001) and CCL2 mRNA levels positively correlated with CD163 mRNA (r = 0.46, p < 0.0001). Collectively, our findings support the co-existence of quiescent microglia and increased pro-inflammatory macrophages in the cortex of people with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Maree J. Webster
- Stanley Medical Research Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Caitlin E. Murphy
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank A. Middleton
- Department of Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Paul T. Massa
- Department of Neurology and Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Rujia Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Cyndi Shannon Weickert
- Department of Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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Wicks EE, Ran KR, Kim JE, Xu R, Lee RP, Jackson CM. The Translational Potential of Microglia and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages in Ischemic Stroke. Front Immunol 2022; 13:897022. [PMID: 35795678 PMCID: PMC9251541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.897022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response to ischemic stroke is an area of study that is at the forefront of stroke research and presents promising new avenues for treatment development. Upon cerebral vessel occlusion, the innate immune system is activated by danger-associated molecular signals from stressed and dying neurons. Microglia, an immune cell population within the central nervous system which phagocytose cell debris and modulate the immune response via cytokine signaling, are the first cell population to become activated. Soon after, monocytes arrive from the peripheral immune system, differentiate into macrophages, and further aid in the immune response. Upon activation, both microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages are capable of polarizing into phenotypes which can either promote or attenuate the inflammatory response. Phenotypes which promote the inflammatory response are hypothesized to increase neuronal damage and impair recovery of neuronal function during the later phases of ischemic stroke. Therefore, modulating neuroimmune cells to adopt an anti-inflammatory response post ischemic stroke is an area of current research interest and potential treatment development. In this review, we outline the biology of microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages, further explain their roles in the acute, subacute, and chronic stages of ischemic stroke, and highlight current treatment development efforts which target these cells in the context of ischemic stroke.
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12
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Zhang Y, Xing Z, Zhou K, Jiang S. The Predictive Role of Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) in the Prognosis of Stroke Patients. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:1997-2007. [PMID: 34880606 PMCID: PMC8645951 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s339221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Stroke is a disease associated with high mortality. Many inflammatory indicators such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) have been documented to predict stroke prognosis, their predictive power is limited. A novel inflammatory indicator called systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) has been advocated to have an essential role in the prognostic assessment of cancer and infectious diseases. In this study, we attempted to assess the prognosis of stroke by SIRI. Moreover, we compared SIRI with other clinical parameters, including NLR, PLR, LMR and RDW. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. We obtained data of 2450 stroke patients from the Multiparametric Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care III database. We used the Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the relationship between SIRI and all-cause mortality and sepsis. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to assess the predictive power of SIRI compared to NLR, PLR, LMR and RDW for the prognosis of stroke. We collected data of 180 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, which used the Pearson’s correlation coefficient to assess the relationship between SIRI and the National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS). Results After adjusting multiple covariates, we found that SIRI was associated with all-cause mortality in stroke patients. Rising SIRI accompanied by rising mortality. Besides, ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve of SIRI was significantly greater than for NLR, PLR, LMR and RDW. Besides, Pearson’s correlation test confirmed a significant positive correlation between SIRI and NIHSS. Conclusion Elevated SIRI was associated with higher risk of mortality and sepsis and higher stroke severity. Therefore, SIRI is a promising low-grade inflammatory factor for predicting stroke prognosis that outperformed NLR, PLR, LMR, and RDW in predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekun Xing
- Neurology Department, Wencheng People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kecheng Zhou
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Songhe Jiang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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13
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Feng B, Meng X, Zhou H, Chen L, Zou C, Liang L, Meng Y, Xu N, Wang H, Zou D. Identification of Dysregulated Mechanisms and Potential Biomarkers in Ischemic Stroke Onset. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:4731-4744. [PMID: 34456585 PMCID: PMC8390889 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s327594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of severe disability. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers closely related to IS diagnosis and treatment. Methods Profiles of gene expression were obtained from datasets GSE16561, GSE22255, GSE112801 and GSE110993. Differentially expressed mRNAs between IS and controls were then subjected to weighted gene co-expression network analysis as well as multiscale embedded gene co-expression network analysis. The intersection of the two sets of module genes was subjected to analyses of functional enrichment and of microRNAs (miRNAs) regulation. Then, the area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) was calculated to assess the ability of genes to discriminate IS patients from controls. IS diagnostic signatures were constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Results A total of 234 common co-expression network genes were found to be potentially associated with IS. Enrichment analysis found that these genes were mainly associated with inflammation and immune response. The aberrantly expressed miRNAs (hsa-miR-651-5p, hsa-miR-138-5p, hsa-miR-9-3p and hsa-miR-374a-3p) in IS had regulatory effects on IS-related genes and were involved in brain-related diseases. We used the criterion AUC > 0.7 to screen out 23 hub genes from IS-related genes in the GSE16561 and GSE22255 datasets. We obtained an 8-gene signature (ADCY4, DUSP1, ATP5F1, DCTN5, EIF3G, ELAVL1, EXOSC7 and PPIE) from the training set of GSE16561 dataset, which we confirmed in the validation set of GSE16561 dataset and in the GSE22255 dataset. The genes in this signature were highly accurate for diagnosing IS. In addition, the 8-gene signature significantly correlated with infiltration by immune cells. Conclusion These findings provide new clues to molecular mechanisms and treatment targets in IS. The genes in the signature may be candidate markers and potential gene targets for treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Feng
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi, 537200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinling Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi, 537200, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi, 537200, People's Republic of China
| | - Liechun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lucong Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Youshi Meng
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghua Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
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14
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CD163 as a Potential Biomarker of Monocyte Activation in Ischemic Stroke Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136712. [PMID: 34201498 PMCID: PMC8268853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In ischemic stroke patients, a higher monocyte count is associated with disease severity and worse prognosis. The complex correlation between subset phenotypes and functions underscores the importance of clarifying the role of monocyte subpopulations. We examined the subtype-specific distribution of the CD163+ and CD80+ circulating monocytes and evaluated their association with the inflammatory status in 26 ischemic stroke patients and 16 healthy controls. An increased percentage of CD163+/CD16+ and CD163+/CD14++ events occurred 24 and 48 h after a stroke compared to the controls. CD163+ expression was more pronounced in CD16+ non-classical and intermediate monocytes, as compared to CD14+ classical subtype, 24 h after stroke. Conversely, the percentage of CD80+/CD16+ events was unaffected in patients; meanwhile, the percentage of CD80+/CD14+ events significantly increased only 24 h after stroke. Interleukin (IL)-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-4 mRNA levels were higher, while IL-10 mRNA levels were reduced in total monocytes from patients versus controls, at either 24 h or 48 h after stroke. The percentage of CD163+/CD16+ events 24 h after stroke was positively associated with NIHSS score and mRS at admission, suggesting that stroke severity and disability are relevant triggers for CD163+ expression in circulating CD16+ monocytes.
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