1
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Saxena A, Liu S, Handley ED, Dodell-Feder D. Social victimization, default mode network connectivity, and psychotic-like experiences in adolescents. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:462-470. [PMID: 38266514 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Social victimization (SV) and altered neural connectivity have been associated with each other and psychotic-like experiences (PLE). However, research has not directly examined the associations between these variables, which may speak to mechanisms of psychosis-risk. Here, we utilized two-year follow-up data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to test whether SV increases PLE through two neural networks mediating socio-affective processes: the default mode (DMN) and salience networks (SAN). We find that a latent SV factor was significantly associated with PLE outcomes. Simultaneous mediation analyses indicated that the DMN partially mediated the SV-PLE association while the SAN did not. Further, multigroup testing found that while Black and Hispanic adolescents experienced SV differently than their White peers, the DMN similarly partially mediated the effect of SV on PLE for these racial groups. These cross-sectional results highlight the importance of SV and its potential impact on social cognitive neural networks for psychosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shangzan Liu
- University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
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2
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Panula JM, Alho J, Lindgren M, Kieseppä T, Suvisaari J, Raij TT. State-like changes in the salience network correlate with delusion severity in first-episode psychosis patients. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103234. [PMID: 36270161 PMCID: PMC9668644 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Delusions are characteristic of psychotic disorders; however, the brain correlates of delusions remain poorly known. Imaging studies on delusions typically compare images across individuals. Related confounding of inter-individual differences beyond delusions may be avoided by comparing delusional and non-delusional states within individuals. STUDY DESIGN We studied correlations of delusions using intra-subject correlation (intra-SC) and inter-subject correlation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal time series, obtained during a movie stimulus at baseline and follow-up. We included 27 control subjects and 24 first-episode psychosis patients, who were free of delusions at follow-up, to calculate intra-SC between fMRI signals obtained during the two time points. In addition, we studied changes in functional connectivity at baseline and during the one-year follow-up using regions where delusion severity correlated with intra-SC as seeds. RESULTS The intra-SC correlated negatively with the baseline delusion severity in the bilateral anterior insula. In addition, we observed a subthreshold cluster in the anterior cingulate. These three regions constitute the cortical salience network (SN). Functional connectivity between the bilateral insula and the precuneus was weaker in the patients at baseline than in patients at follow-up or in control subjects at any time point. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that intra-SC is a powerful tool to study brain correlates of symptoms and highlight the role of the SN and internetwork dysconnectivity between the SN and the default mode network in delusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan M. Panula
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering and Advanced Magnetic Imaging Center, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland,Corresponding author at: University of Helsinki, Department of Psychiatry, Välskärinkatu 12 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jussi Alho
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering and Advanced Magnetic Imaging Center, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Maija Lindgren
- Mental Health, Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health, Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuukka T. Raij
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering and Advanced Magnetic Imaging Center, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
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3
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Menon V, Palaniyappan L, Supekar K. Integrative Brain Network and Salience Models of Psychopathology and Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2022:S0006-3223(22)01637-7. [PMID: 36702660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Brain network models of cognitive control are central to advancing our understanding of psychopathology and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. This review examines the role of large-scale brain organization in schizophrenia, with a particular focus on a triple-network model of cognitive control and its role in aberrant salience processing. First, we provide an overview of the triple network involving the salience, frontoparietal, and default mode networks and highlight the central role of the insula-anchored salience network in the aberrant mapping of salient external and internal events in schizophrenia. We summarize the extensive evidence that has emerged from structural, neurochemical, and functional brain imaging studies for aberrancies in these networks and their dynamic temporal interactions in schizophrenia. Next, we consider the hypothesis that atypical striatal dopamine release results in misattribution of salience to irrelevant external stimuli and self-referential mental events. We propose an integrated triple-network salience-based model incorporating striatal dysfunction and sensitivity to perceptual and cognitive prediction errors in the insula node of the salience network and postulate that dysregulated dopamine modulation of salience network-centered processes contributes to the core clinical phenotype of schizophrenia. Thus, a powerful paradigm to characterize the neurobiology of schizophrenia emerges when we combine conceptual models of salience with large-scale cognitive control networks in a unified manner. We conclude by discussing potential therapeutic leads on restoring brain network dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Department of Psychiatry and Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kaustubh Supekar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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4
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Li Y, Wu K, Hu X, Xu T, Li Z, Zhang Y, Li K. Altered Effective Connectivity of Resting-State Networks by Tai Chi Chuan in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients: A Multivariate Granger Causality Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:858833. [PMID: 35720086 PMCID: PMC9203735 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.858833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous evidence has shown that patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have changes in resting brain functional connectivity, but there is no study on the brain network effect of Tai Chi Chuan intervention in CFS. To explore the influence of Tai Chi Chuan exercise on the causal relationship between brain functional networks in patients with CFS, 21 patients with CFS and 19 healthy controls were recruited for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scanning and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) scale assessment before and after 1month-long training in Tai Chi Chuan. We extracted the resting brain networks using the independent component analysis (ICA) method, analyzed the changes of FC in these networks, conducted Granger causality analysis (GCA) on it, and analyzed the correlation between the difference causality value and the SF-36 scale. Compared to the healthy control group, the SF-36 scale scores of patients with CFS were lower at baseline. Meanwhile, the causal relationship between sensorimotor network (SMN) and default mode network (DMN) was weakened. The above abnormalities could be improved by Tai Chi Chuan training for 1 month. In addition, the correlation analyses showed that the causal relationship between SMN and DMN was positively correlated with the scores of Role Physical (RP) and Bodily Pain (BP) in CFS patients, and the change of causal relationship between SMN and DMN before and after training was positively correlated with the change of BP score. The findings suggest that Tai Chi Chuan is helpful to improve the quality of life for patients with CFS. The change of Granger causality between SMN and DMN may be a readout parameter of CFS. Tai Chi Chuan may promote the functional plasticity of brain networks in patients with CFS by regulating the information transmission between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjiao Xu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zongheng Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhang
| | - Kuangshi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Kuangshi Li
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5
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Tuominen L, DeCross SN, Boeke E, Cassidy CM, Freudenreich O, Shinn AK, Tootell RBH, Holt DJ. Neural Abnormalities in Fear Generalization in Schizophrenia and Associations With Negative Symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 6:1165-1175. [PMID: 33524600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associative learning and memory processes, including the generalization of previously learned associations, may be altered in schizophrenia. Deficits in schizophrenia in stimulus generalization, one of the simplest forms of memory, could interfere with the ability to efficiently categorize related, similar information, potentially leading to impairments in daily functioning. METHODS To measure generalization in schizophrenia, 37 individuals with a nonaffective psychotic disorder and 32 demographically matched healthy control subjects underwent a Pavlovian fear conditioning and generalization procedure, which accounted for variation in perceptual ability across participants, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Skin conductance and neural responses to conditioned (CS+), neutral (CS-), and generalization stimuli were measured. Explicit memory ratings reflecting successful generalization were also collected after the scanning, as well as measures of symptom severity. RESULTS Compared with healthy control subjects, individuals with nonaffective psychotic disorders showed significant deficits in fear generalization across multiple measurements, with impairments in memory ratings and reductions in activation and deactivation of the salience and default networks, respectively, during fear generalization. Moreover, in the psychotic disorder group, greater behavioral and neural abnormalities in generalization were associated with higher levels of negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Fear generalization is impaired in psychotic illness. Given that successful generalization relies on a dynamic balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, these results reveal a potentially quantifiable mechanism linked to negative symptoms that can be investigated further in future human and experimental animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Tuominen
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie N DeCross
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Emily Boeke
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Clifford M Cassidy
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver Freudenreich
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ann K Shinn
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Roger B H Tootell
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daphne J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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6
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Toward integrated understanding of salience in psychosis. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 131:104414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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7
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Li Q, Liu S, Guo M, Yang CX, Xu Y. The Principles of Electroconvulsive Therapy Based on Correlations of Schizophrenia and Epilepsy: A View From Brain Networks. Front Neurol 2019; 10:688. [PMID: 31316456 PMCID: PMC6610531 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was established based on Meduna's hypothesis that there is an antagonism between schizophrenia and epilepsy, and that the induction of a seizure could alleviate the symptoms of schizophrenia. However, subsequent investigations of the mechanisms of ECT have largely ignored this originally established relationship between these two disorders. With the development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), brain-network studies have demonstrated that schizophrenia and epilepsy share common dysfunctions in the default-mode network (DMN), saliency network (SN), dorsal-attention network (DAN), and central-executive network (CEN). Additionally, fMRI-defined brain networks have also been shown to be useful in the evaluation of the treatment efficacy of ECT. Here, we compared the ECT-induced changes in the pathological conditions between schizophrenia and epilepsy in order to offer further insight as to whether the mechanisms of ECT are truly based on antagonistic and/or affinitive relationships between these two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cheng-Xiang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,National Key Disciplines, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Department of Neurobiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Humanities and Social Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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8
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Ceylan ME, Evrensel A, Dönmez A, Önen Ünsalver B, Kaya Yertutanol FD, Çom AM. The psycho-periodic cube. Med Hypotheses 2019; 126:69-77. [PMID: 31010503 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The current diagnostic classification systems in psychiatry have been developed primarily for evidence-based clinical decision making with both categorical and dimensional approaches having their own advantages and disadvantages. Efforts have been made to improve these classification systems, and we are now at the point where we must expand beyond the one-dimensionality of these systems. In this paper, we propose that psychiatric disorders can be arranged in a three-dimensional classification system according to the degree of dysfunctions on three specific axes in a way that is similar to the arrangement of chemical elements according to their atomic weights in Mendeleyev's periodic table. For the three axes, we chose externalization, drive, and attention to represent the three-dimensional descriptions of mental health, namely, well-being in social, motivational, and cognitive areas, respectively. Throughout the paper, we explain our reasons for choosing these three axes and compare our hypothesis with categorical diagnostic systems as well as Cloninger's dimensional diagnostic system using personality disorders, affective disorders, and schizophrenia as the specific diagnostic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Ceylan
- Departments of Psychology and Philosophy, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Evrensel
- Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Aslıhan Dönmez
- Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Barış Önen Ünsalver
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Documentation and Secretariat, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
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9
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Li X, Wang A, Xu J, Sun Z, Xia J, Wang P, Wang B, Zhang M, Tian J. Reduced Dynamic Interactions Within Intrinsic Functional Brain Networks in Early Blind Patients. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:268. [PMID: 30983956 PMCID: PMC6448007 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies in early blind (EB) patients have shown altered connections or brain networks. However, it remains unclear how the causal relationships are disrupted within intrinsic brain networks. In our study, we used spectral dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to estimate the causal interactions using resting-state data in a group of 20 EB patients and 20 healthy controls (HC). Coupling parameters in specific regions were estimated, including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and inferior parietal lobule (IPC) in the default mode network (DMN); dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and bilateral anterior insulae (AI) in the salience network (SN), and bilateral frontal eye fields (FEF) and superior parietal lobes (SPL) within the dorsal attention network (DAN). Statistical analyses found that all endogenous connections and the connections from the mPFC to bilateral IPCs in EB patients were significantly reduced within the DMN, and the effective connectivity from the PCC and lIPC to the mPFC, and from the mPFC to the PCC were enhanced. For the SN, all significant connections in EB patients were significantly decreased, except the intrinsic right AI connections. Within the DAN, more significant effective connections were observed to be reduced between the EB and HC groups, while only the connections from the right SPL to the left SPL and the intrinsic connection in the left SPL were significantly enhanced. Furthermore, discovery of more decreased effective connections in the EB subjects suggested that the disrupted causal interactions between specific regions are responsive to the compensatory brain plasticity in early deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ailing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Junhai Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application, School of Artificial Intelligence, College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenbo Sun
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jikai Xia
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
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10
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Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity of salience network in first-episode schizophrenia. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 14:1350-1360. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Supekar K, Cai W, Krishnadas R, Palaniyappan L, Menon V. Dysregulated Brain Dynamics in a Triple-Network Saliency Model of Schizophrenia and Its Relation to Psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:60-69. [PMID: 30177256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a highly disabling psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of positive "psychosis" symptoms. However, the neurobiology of psychosis and associated systems-level disruptions in the brain remain poorly understood. Here, we test an aberrant saliency model of psychosis, which posits that dysregulated dynamic cross-network interactions among the salience network (SN), central executive network, and default mode network contribute to positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Using task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging data from two independent cohorts, we examined 1) dynamic time-varying cross-network interactions among the SN, central executive network, and default mode network in 130 patients with schizophrenia versus well-matched control subjects; 2) accuracy of a saliency model-based classifier for distinguishing dynamic brain network interactions in patients versus control subjects; and 3) the relation between SN-centered network dynamics and clinical symptoms. RESULTS In both cohorts, we found that dynamic SN-centered cross-network interactions were significantly reduced, less persistent, and more variable in patients with schizophrenia compared with control subjects. Multivariate classification analysis identified dynamic SN-centered cross-network interaction patterns as factors that distinguish patients from control subjects, with accuracies of 78% and 80% in the two cohorts, respectively. Crucially, in both cohorts, dynamic time-varying measures of SN-centered cross-network interactions were correlated with positive, but not negative, symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Aberrations in time-varying engagement of the SN with the central executive network and default mode network is a clinically relevant neurobiological signature of psychosis in schizophrenia. Our findings provide strong evidence for dysregulated brain dynamics in a triple-network saliency model of schizophrenia and inform theoretically motivated systems neuroscience approaches for characterizing aberrant brain dynamics associated with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Supekar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Weidong Cai
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rajeev Krishnadas
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Sackler Institute of Psychobiological Research, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Department of Psychiatry and Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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12
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Provenzano J, Bastiaansen JA, Verduyn P, Oldehinkel AJ, Fossati P, Kuppens P. Different Aspects of the Neural Response to Socio-Emotional Events Are Related to Instability and Inertia of Emotional Experience in Daily Life: An fMRI-ESM Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:501. [PMID: 30618682 PMCID: PMC6297363 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions are fundamentally temporal processes that dynamically change over time. This temporal nature is inherently involved in making emotions adaptive by guiding interactions with our environment. Both the size of emotional changes across time (i.e., emotional instability) and the tendency of emotions to persist across time (i.e., autocorrelation of emotional experience, emotional inertia) are key features of a person’s emotion dynamics, and have been found central to maladaptive functioning and psychopathology as well as linked to social functioning. However, whether different (neural) mechanisms are underlying these dynamics as well as how they are related to the processing of (socio-) emotional information is to date widely unknown. Using a combination of Experience Sampling methods (ESMs) and fMRI (involving a social feedback paradigm), we examine how emotional instability and inertia in everyday life are associated with different aspects of the neural response to socio-emotional events. The findings indicate that while emotional instability is connected to the response of the core salience network (SN), emotional inertia is associated to responses in the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC). This is the first study showing that different aspects of the neural response to socio-emotional events are associated with different aspects of the temporal dynamics of emotion in real life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Provenzano
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jojanneke A Bastiaansen
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Education and Research, Friesland Mental Health Care Services, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Verduyn
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Fossati
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Psychiatrie d'Adultes, Paris, France
| | - Peter Kuppens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Jimenez AM, Lee J, Green MF, Wynn JK. Functional connectivity when detecting rare visual targets in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2017; 261:35-43. [PMID: 28126618 PMCID: PMC5333783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate difficulties in attending to important stimuli (e.g., targets) and ignoring distractors (e.g., non-targets). We used a visual oddball task during fMRI to examine functional connectivity within and between the ventral and dorsal attention networks to determine the relative contribution of each network to detection of rare visual targets in schizophrenia. The sample comprised 25 schizophrenia patients and 27 healthy controls. Psychophysiological interaction analysis was used to examine whole-brain functional connectivity in response to targets. We used the right temporo parietal junction (TPJ) as the seed region for the ventral network and the right medial intraparietal sulcus (IPS) as the seed region for the dorsal network. We found that connectivity between right IPS and right anterior insula (AI; a component of the ventral network) was significantly greater in controls than patients. Expected patterns of within- and between-network connectivity for right TPJ were observed in controls, and not significantly different in patients. These findings indicate functional connectivity deficits between the dorsal and ventral attention networks in schizophrenia that may create problems in processing relevant versus irrelevant stimuli. Understanding the nature of network disruptions underlying cognitive deficits of schizophrenia may help shed light on the pathophysiology of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Jimenez
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Junghee Lee
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Green
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Alderson-Day B, Diederen K, Fernyhough C, Ford JM, Horga G, Margulies DS, McCarthy-Jones S, Northoff G, Shine JM, Turner J, van de Ven V, van Lutterveld R, Waters F, Jardri R. Auditory Hallucinations and the Brain's Resting-State Networks: Findings and Methodological Observations. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1110-23. [PMID: 27280452 PMCID: PMC4988751 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the potential for alterations to the brain's resting-state networks (RSNs) to explain various kinds of psychopathology. RSNs provide an intriguing new explanatory framework for hallucinations, which can occur in different modalities and population groups, but which remain poorly understood. This collaboration from the International Consortium on Hallucination Research (ICHR) reports on the evidence linking resting-state alterations to auditory hallucinations (AH) and provides a critical appraisal of the methodological approaches used in this area. In the report, we describe findings from resting connectivity fMRI in AH (in schizophrenia and nonclinical individuals) and compare them with findings from neurophysiological research, structural MRI, and research on visual hallucinations (VH). In AH, various studies show resting connectivity differences in left-hemisphere auditory and language regions, as well as atypical interaction of the default mode network and RSNs linked to cognitive control and salience. As the latter are also evident in studies of VH, this points to a domain-general mechanism for hallucinations alongside modality-specific changes to RSNs in different sensory regions. However, we also observed high methodological heterogeneity in the current literature, affecting the ability to make clear comparisons between studies. To address this, we provide some methodological recommendations and options for future research on the resting state and hallucinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Diederen
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Judith M. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Guillermo Horga
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel S. Margulies
- Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy & Connectivity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - James M. Shine
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jessica Turner
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Vincent van de Ven
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Remko van Lutterveld
- Center for Mindfulness, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Flavie Waters
- North Metro Health Service Mental Health, Graylands Health Campus, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Univ Lille, CNRS (UMR 9193), SCALab & CHU Lille, Psychiatry dept. (CURE), Lille, France
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15
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White TP, Wigton R, Joyce DW, Collier T, Fornito A, Shergill SS. Dysfunctional Striatal Systems in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1274-85. [PMID: 26346637 PMCID: PMC4793111 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of treatment-resistant schizophrenia points to a discrete illness subtype, but to date its pathophysiologic characteristics are undetermined. Information transfer from ventral to dorsal striatum depends on both striato-cortico-striatal and striato-nigro-striatal subcircuits, yet although the functional integrity of the former appears to track improvement of positive symptoms of schizophrenia, the latter have received little experimental attention in relation to the illness. Here, in a sample of individuals with schizophrenia stratified by treatment resistance and matched controls, functional pathways involving four foci along the striatal axis were assessed to test the hypothesis that treatment-resistant and non-refractory patients would exhibit contrasting patterns of resting striatal connectivity. Compared with non-refractory patients, treatment-resistant individuals exhibited reduced connectivity between ventral striatum and substantia nigra. Furthermore, disturbance to corticostriatal connectivity was more pervasive in treatment-resistant individuals. The occurrence of a more distributed pattern of abnormality may contribute to the failure of medication to treat symptoms in these individuals. This work strongly supports the notion of pathophysiologic divergence between individuals with schizophrenia classified by treatment-resistance criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P White
- Cognition, Schizophrenia and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK,School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rebekah Wigton
- Cognition, Schizophrenia and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, EEG Lab, Neurology, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan W Joyce
- Cognition, Schizophrenia and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Tracy Collier
- Cognition, Schizophrenia and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Alex Fornito
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder S Shergill
- Cognition, Schizophrenia and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK,Cognition, Schizophrenia and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK, Tel: +44 (0)207 848 0350, Fax: +44 207 848 0287, E-mail:
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16
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Jimenez AM, Lee J, Wynn JK, Cohen MS, Engel SA, Glahn DC, Nuechterlein KH, Reavis EA, Green MF. Abnormal Ventral and Dorsal Attention Network Activity during Single and Dual Target Detection in Schizophrenia. Front Psychol 2016; 7:323. [PMID: 27014135 PMCID: PMC4781842 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early visual perception and attention are impaired in schizophrenia, and these deficits can be observed on target detection tasks. These tasks activate distinct ventral and dorsal brain networks which support stimulus-driven and goal-directed attention, respectively. We used single and dual target rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) tasks during fMRI with an ROI approach to examine regions within these networks associated with target detection and the attentional blink (AB) in 21 schizophrenia outpatients and 25 healthy controls. In both tasks, letters were targets and numbers were distractors. For the dual target task, the second target (T2) was presented at three different lags after the first target (T1) (lag1 = 100 ms, lag3 = 300 ms, lag7 = 700ms). For both single and dual target tasks, patients identified fewer targets than controls. For the dual target task, both groups showed the expected AB effect with poorer performance at lag 3 than at lags 1 or 7, and there was no group by lag interaction. During the single target task, patients showed abnormally increased deactivation of the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), a key region of the ventral network. When attention demands were increased during the dual target task, patients showed overactivation of the posterior intraparietal cortex, a key dorsal network region, along with failure to deactivate TPJ. Results suggest inefficient and faulty suppression of salience-oriented processing regions, resulting in increased sensitivity to stimuli in general, and difficulty distinguishing targets from non-targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Jimenez
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los AngelesCA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los AngelesCA, USA
| | - Junghee Lee
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los AngelesCA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los AngelesCA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los AngelesCA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los AngelesCA, USA
| | - Mark S Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Stephen A Engel
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Keith H Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Eric A Reavis
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los AngelesCA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los AngelesCA, USA
| | - Michael F Green
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los AngelesCA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los AngelesCA, USA
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Mikell CB, Sinha S, Sheth SA. Neurosurgery for schizophrenia: an update on pathophysiology and a novel therapeutic target. J Neurosurg 2015; 124:917-28. [PMID: 26517767 DOI: 10.3171/2015.4.jns15120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The main objectives of this review were to provide an update on the progress made in understanding specific circuit abnormalities leading to psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia and to propose rational targets for therapeutic deep brain stimulation (DBS). Refractory schizophrenia remains a major unsolved clinical problem, with 10%-30% of patients not responding to standard treatment options. Progress made over the last decade was analyzed through reviewing structural and functional neuroimaging studies in humans, along with studies of animal models of schizophrenia. The authors reviewed theories implicating dysfunction in dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling in the pathophysiology of the disorder, paying particular attention to neurosurgically relevant nodes in the circuit. In this context, the authors focused on an important pathological circuit involving the associative striatum, anterior hippocampus, and ventral striatum, and discuss the possibility of targeting these nodes for therapeutic neuromodulation with DBS. Finally, the authors examined ethical considerations in the treatment of these vulnerable patients. The functional anatomy of neural circuits relevant to schizophrenia remains of great interest to neurosurgeons and psychiatrists and lends itself to the development of specific targets for neuromodulation. Ongoing progress in the understanding of these structures will be critical to the development of potential neurosurgical treatments of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Mikell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Division of Neurosurgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Sameer A Sheth
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and
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Billeke P, Armijo A, Castillo D, López T, Zamorano F, Cosmelli D, Aboitiz F. Paradoxical Expectation: Oscillatory Brain Activity Reveals Social Interaction Impairment in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:421-31. [PMID: 25861703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with schizophrenia show social impairments that are related to functional outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that social interaction impairments in people with schizophrenia are related to alterations in the predictions of others' behavior and explored their underlying neurobiological mechanisms. METHODS Electroencephalography was performed in 20 patients with schizophrenia and 25 well-matched control subjects. Participants played as proposers in the repeated version of the Ultimatum Game believing that they were playing with another human or with a computer. The power of oscillatory brain activity was obtained by means of the wavelet transform. We performed a trial-by-trial correlation between the oscillatory activity and the risk of the offer. RESULTS Control subjects adapted their offers when playing with computers and tended to maintain their offers when playing with humans, as such revealing learning and bargaining strategies, respectively. People with schizophrenia presented the opposite pattern of behavior in both games. During the anticipation of others' responses, the power of alpha oscillations correlated with the risk of the offers made, in a different way in both games. Patients with schizophrenia presented a greater correlation in computer games than in human games; control subjects showed the opposite pattern. The alpha activity correlated with positive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal an alteration in social interaction in patients with schizophrenia that is related to oscillatory brain activity, suggesting maladjustment of expectation when patients face social and nonsocial agents. This alteration is related to psychotic symptoms and could guide further therapies for improving social functioning in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Billeke
- Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, and Interdisciplinary Center for Neuroscience, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alejandra Armijo
- Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara López
- Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Zamorano
- Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, and Interdisciplinary Center for Neuroscience, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Cosmelli
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, and Interdisciplinary Center for Neuroscience, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Smieskova R, Roiser JP, Chaddock CA, Schmidt A, Harrisberger F, Bendfeldt K, Simon A, Walter A, Fusar-Poli P, McGuire PK, Lang UE, Riecher-Rössler A, Borgwardt S. Modulation of motivational salience processing during the early stages of psychosis. Schizophr Res 2015; 166:17-23. [PMID: 25999039 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in motivational salience processing have been related to psychotic symptoms and disturbances in dopaminergic neurotransmission. We aimed at exploring changes in salience processing and brain activity during different stages of psychosis and antipsychotic medication effect. METHODS We used fMRI during the Salience Attribution Task to investigate hemodynamic differences between 19 healthy controls (HCs), 34 at-risk mental state (ARMS) individuals and 29 individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP), including a subgroup of 17 FEP without antipsychotic medication (FEP-UM) and 12 FEP with antipsychotic medication (FEP-M). Motivational salience processing was operationalized by brain activity in response to high-probability rewarding cues (adaptive salience) and in response to low-probability rewarding cues (aberrant salience). RESULTS Behaviorally, adaptive salience response was not accelerated in FEP, although they correctly distinguished between trials with low and high reward probability. In comparison to HC, ARMS exhibited a lower hemodynamic response during adaptive salience in the right inferior parietal lobule and FEP-UM in the left dorsal cingulate gyrus. The FEP-M group exhibited a lower adaptive salience response than HC in the right insula and than ARMS in the anterior cingulate gyrus. In unmedicated individuals, the severity of hallucinations and delusions correlated negatively with the insular- and anterior cingulate hemodynamic response during adaptive salience. We found no differences in aberrant salience processing associated with behavior or medication. CONCLUSION The changes in adaptive motivational salience processing during psychosis development reveal neurofunctional abnormalities in the somatosensory and premotor cortex. Antipsychotic medication seems to modify hemodynamic responses in the anterior cingulate and insula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Smieskova
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - André Schmidt
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Harrisberger
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Bendfeldt
- Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andor Simon
- Specialized Early Psychosis Outpatient Service for Adolescents and Young Adults, Department of Psychiatry, Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - Anna Walter
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - Philip K McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - Undine E Lang
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anita Riecher-Rössler
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
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20
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Li K, Zhang Y, Ning Y, Zhang H, Liu H, Fu C, Ren Y, Zou Y. The effects of acupuncture treatment on the right frontoparietal network in migraine without aura patients. J Headache Pain 2015; 16:518. [PMID: 25916336 PMCID: PMC4411327 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-015-0518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional and structural abnormalities in resting-state brain networks in migraine patients have been confirmed by previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. However, few studies focusing on the neural responses of therapeutic treatment on migraine have been conducted. In this study, we tried to examined the treatment-related effects of standard acupuncture treatment on the right frontoparietal network (RFPN) in migraine patients. METHODS A total of 12 migraine without aura (MWoA) patients were recruited to undergo resting-state fMRI scanning and were rescanned after 4 weeks standard acupuncture treatment. Another 12 matched healthy control (HC) subjects underwent once scanning for comparison. We analyzed the functional connectivity of the RFPN between MWoA patients and HC subjects before treatment and that of the MWoA patients before and after treatment. Diffusion tensor images (DTI) data analyzing was also performed to detect fiber-related treatment responses. RESULTS We observed significantly decreased FC in the RFPN and that the decreased FC could be reversed by acupuncture treatment. The changes of FC in MWoA patients was negatively correlated with the decrease of visual analogue scale (VAS) scores after treatment. This study indicated that acupuncture treatment for MWoA patients was associated with normalizing effects on the intrinsic decreased FC of the RFPN. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided new insights into the treatment-related neural responses in MWoA patients and suggested potential functional pathways for the evaluation of treatment in MWoA patients. Future studies are still in need to confirm the current results and to elucidate the complex neural mechanisms of acupuncture treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuangshi Li
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China,
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21
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He Y, Evans A. Magnetic resonance imaging of healthy and diseased brain networks. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:890. [PMID: 25404910 PMCID: PMC4217377 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China ; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China
| | - Alan Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Montreal Montreal, QC, Canada
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22
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White TP, Wigton RL, Joyce DW, Bobin T, Ferragamo C, Wasim N, Lisk S, Shergill SS. Eluding the illusion? Schizophrenia, dopamine and the McGurk effect. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:565. [PMID: 25140138 PMCID: PMC4122162 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceptions are inherently probabilistic; and can be potentially manipulated to induce illusory experience by the presentation of ambiguous or improbable evidence under selective (spatio-temporal) constraints. Accordingly, perception of the McGurk effect, by which individuals misperceive specific incongruent visual and auditory vocal cues, rests upon effective probabilistic inference. Here, we report findings from a behavioral investigation of illusory perception and related metacognitive evaluation during audiovisual integration, conducted in individuals with schizophrenia (n = 30) and control subjects (n = 24) matched in terms of age, sex, handedness and parental occupation. Controls additionally performed the task after an oral dose of amisulpride (400 mg). Individuals with schizophrenia were observed to exhibit illusory perception less frequently than controls, despite non-significant differences in perceptual performance during control conditions. Furthermore, older individuals with schizophrenia exhibited reduced rates of illusory perception. Subsequent analysis revealed a robust inverse relationship between illness chronicity and the illusory perception rate in this group. Controls demonstrated non-significant modulation of perception by amisulpride; amisulpride was, however, found to elicit increases in subjective confidence in perceptual performance. Overall, these findings are consistent with the idea that impairments in probabilistic inference are exhibited in schizophrenia and exacerbated by illness chronicity. The latter suggests that associated processes are a potentially worthwhile target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P White
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK
| | - Rebekah L Wigton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK
| | - Dan W Joyce
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK
| | - Tracy Bobin
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK
| | - Christian Ferragamo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK
| | - Nisha Wasim
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK
| | - Stephen Lisk
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK
| | - Sukhwinder S Shergill
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK
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23
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Vargas C, Pineda J, Calvo V, López-Jaramillo C. [Brain activitivation of euthymic patients with Type I bipolar disorder in resting state Default Mode Network]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 43:154-61. [PMID: 26575129 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As there are still doubts about brain connectivity in type I bipolar disorder (BID), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) studies are necessary during euthymia for a better control of confounding factors. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the differences in brain activation between euthymic BID patients and control subjects using resting state- functional-magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI), and to identify the lithium effect in these activations. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 21 BID patients (10 receiving lithium only, and 11 non-medicated) and 12 healthy control subjects, using RS fMRI and independent component analysis (ICA). RESULTS Increased activation was found in the right hippocampus (P=.049) and posterior cingulate (P=.040) within the Default Mode Network (DMN) when BID and control group were compared. No statistically significant differences were identified between BID on lithium only therapy and non-medicated BID patients. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that there are changes in brain activation and connectivity in BID even during euthymic phase and mainly within the DMN network, which could be relevant in affect regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julián Pineda
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica IATM, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Víctor Calvo
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica IATM, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos López-Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica IATM, Medellín, Colombia; Coordinador del Programa de Trastornos del Ánimo, Hospital San Vicente Fundación; Jefe del Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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24
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Shine JM, O'Callaghan C, Halliday GM, Lewis SJG. Tricks of the mind: Visual hallucinations as disorders of attention. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 116:58-65. [PMID: 24525149 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Visual hallucinations are common across a number of disorders but to date, a unifying pathophysiology underlying these phenomena has not been described. In this manuscript, we combine insights from neuropathological, neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies to propose a testable common neural mechanism for visual hallucinations. We propose that 'simple' visual hallucinations arise from disturbances within regions responsible for the primary processing of visual information, however with no further modulation of perceptual content by attention. In contrast, 'complex' visual hallucinations reflect dysfunction within and between the Attentional Control Networks, leading to the inappropriate interpretation of ambiguous percepts. The incorrect information perceived by hallucinators is often differentially interpreted depending on the time-course and the neuroarchitecture underlying the interpretation. Disorders with 'complex' hallucinations without retained insight are proposed to be associated with a reduction in the activity within the Dorsal Attention Network. The review concludes by showing that a variety of pathological processes can ultimately manifest in any of these three categories, depending on the precise location of the impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Shine
- Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Claire O'Callaghan
- Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Neuroscience Research Australia and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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White TP, Symington I, Castellanos NP, Brittain PJ, Froudist Walsh S, Nam KW, Sato JR, Allin MPG, Shergill SS, Murray RM, Williams SCR, Nosarti C. Dysconnectivity of neurocognitive networks at rest in very-preterm born adults. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2014; 4:352-65. [PMID: 24567907 PMCID: PMC3930099 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Advances in neonatal medicine have resulted in a larger proportion of preterm-born individuals reaching adulthood. Their increased liability to psychiatric illness and impairments of cognition and behaviour intimate lasting cerebral consequences; however, the central physiological disturbances remain unclear. Of fundamental importance to efficient brain function is the coordination and contextually-relevant recruitment of neural networks. Large-scale distributed networks emerge perinatally and increase in hierarchical complexity through development. Preterm-born individuals exhibit systematic reductions in correlation strength within these networks during infancy. Here, we investigate resting-state functional connectivity in functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 29 very-preterm (VPT)-born adults and 23 term-born controls. Neurocognitive networks were identified with spatial independent component analysis conducted using the Infomax algorithm and employing Icasso procedures to enhance component robustness. Network spatial focus and spectral power were not generally significantly affected by preterm birth. By contrast, Granger-causality analysis of the time courses of network activity revealed widespread reductions in between-network connectivity in the preterm group, particularly along paths including salience-network features. The potential clinical relevance of these Granger-causal measurements was suggested by linear discriminant analysis of topological representations of connection strength, which classified individuals by group with a maximal accuracy of 86%. Functional connections from the striatal salience network to the posterior default mode network informed this classification most powerfully. In the VPT-born group it was additionally found that perinatal factors significantly moderated the relationship between executive function (which was reduced in the VPT-born as compared with the term-born group) and generalised partial directed coherence. Together these findings show that resting-state functional connectivity of preterm-born individuals remains compromised in adulthood; and present consistent evidence that the striatal salience network is preferentially affected. Therapeutic practices directed at strengthening within-network cohesion and fine-tuning between-network inter-relations may have the potential to mitigate the cognitive, behavioural and psychiatric repercussions of preterm birth. Functional connectivity was investigated using fMRI in preterm-born adults at rest. Generalised partial directed coherence was assessed between neurocognitive networks. Preterm-born adults exhibited widespread reductions in connection strength. Coherence-derived graph topology permitted identification of preterm-born adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P White
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Iona Symington
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Nazareth P Castellanos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Philip J Brittain
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Seán Froudist Walsh
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Kie-Woo Nam
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - João R Sato
- Centre of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001 Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP CEP 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Matthew P G Allin
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sukhi S Shergill
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Steve C R Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Chiara Nosarti
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
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