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Liu S, Liu S, Li Y, Liu L, Shen Y. The effects of different types of emotion words on emotion picture processing - evidence from event-related potential. Neuroreport 2024; 35:875-882. [PMID: 39166397 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Emotional information can be seen everywhere in daily life. Research on emotional words often employs lexical decision tasks to judge the veracity of words, involving only superficial processing and not the deep processing of emotional significance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the effect of types of emotional words on the processing of emotional pictures. Participants were publicly recruited for a button-press experiment to discuss the impact of emotional words on the processing of emotional pictures from both behavioral and physiological mechanisms. The results of experiment 1 show: (a) in terms of reaction time, the processing speed for negative emotional words was slower, with longer reaction times; (b) In terms of accuracy, positive emotional words had a higher correct rate than negative emotional words. The results of experiment 2 found: (a) a significant main effect of emotional word type in the late processing stage; (b) a significant interaction between emotional word type and congruency. Previously presented emotional words affect the processing of subsequently presented emotional pictures, with differences in the processing of the four types of words, indicating a significant role of language in emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhan Liu
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yaru Li
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Shen
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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2
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Du B, Jia S, Zhou X, Zhang M, He W. The priming effect of emotional words on body expressions: Two ERP studies. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 202:112370. [PMID: 38802049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The impact of emotional words on the recognition of body expression and the underlying neurodynamic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study used a classic supraliminal priming paradigm and event related potential (ERP) to investigate the effect of emotion-label words (experiment 1) and emotional verbs (experiment 2) on the recognition of body expressions. The behavioral results revealed that individuals exhibited a higher accuracy in recognizing happy expressions when presented with a happy-label word condition, in contrast to neutral expressions. Furthermore, it was observed that the accuracy of recognizing happy body expressions was reduced when preceded by angry verb priming, compared to happy and neutral priming conditions. Conversely, the accuracy of recognizing angry body expressions was higher in response to angry verb priming than happy and neutral primings. The ERP results showed that, in the recognition of happy body expressions, the P300 amplitude elicited by angry-label words was more positive, while a congruent verb-expression condition elicited more positive P300 amplitude than an incongruent condition in the left hemisphere and midline. However, in the recognition of angry body expressions, the N400 amplitude elicited by a congruent verb-expression condition was smaller than that elicited by an incongruent condition. These results suggest that both abstract emotion-label words and specific emotional verbs influence the recognition of body expressions. In addition, integrating happy semantic context and body expression might occur at the P300 stage, whereas integrating angry semantic context and body expression might occur at the N400 stage. These findings present novel evidence regarding the criticality of emotional context in the recognition of emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixuan Du
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China; Hangzhou Fuyang Chunjiang Central Elementary School, Hangzhou 311421, China
| | - Shuxin Jia
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China.
| | - Weiqi He
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China.
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Tang D, Li X, Fu Y, Wang H, Li X, Parviainen T, Kärkkäinen T. Neural correlates of emotion-label vs. emotion-laden word processing in late bilinguals: evidence from an ERP study. Cogn Emot 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38738622 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2352584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The brain processes underlying the distinction between emotion-label words (e.g. happy, sad) and emotion-laden words (e.g. successful, failed) remain inconclusive in bilingualism research. The present study aims to directly compare the processing of these two types of emotion words in both the first language (L1) and second language (L2) by recording event-related potentials (ERP) from late Chinese-English bilinguals during a lexical decision task. The results revealed that in the early word processing stages, the N170 emotion effect emerged only for L1 negative emotion-laden words and L2 negative emotion-label words. In addition, larger early posterior negativity (EPN) was elicited by emotion-laden words than emotion-label words in both L1 and L2. In the later processing stages, the N400 emotion effect was evident for L1 emotion words, excluding positive emotion-laden words, while it was absent in L2. Notably, L1 emotion words elicited enhanced N400 and attenuated late positive complex (LPC) compared to those in L2. Taken together, these findings confirmed the engagement of emotion, and highlighted the modulation of emotion word type and valence on word processing in both early and late processing stages. Different neural mechanisms between L1 and L2 in processing written emotion words were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- School of Foreign Languages, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Xueqiao Li
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Yang Fu
- School of International Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Foreign Languages, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Foreign Languages, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiina Parviainen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tommi Kärkkäinen
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Verma R, Kalsi N, Shrivastava NP, Sheerha A, Dhyani I, Narnoli S. Development and Validation of the Emotion Laden Sentences Toolbox for Emotion Recognition (ELSTER). Indian J Psychol Med 2024; 46:253-259. [PMID: 38699757 PMCID: PMC11062309 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231219980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emotion recognition plays a crucial role in our social interactions and overall well-being. The present cross-sectional study aimed to develop and validate Emotion Laden Sentences Toolbox for Emotion Recognition (ELSTER), that utilizes emotion-laden sentences as stimuli to assess individuals' ability to perceive and identify emotions conveyed through written language. Methods In Phase I, a comprehensive set of emotion-laden sentences in English language were validated by 25 (eight males and 17 females) qualified mental health professionals (MHPs). In Phase II, the sentences that received high interrater agreement in Phase I were selected and then a Hindi version of the same sentences was also developed. The English and Hindi database was then validated among 50 healthy individuals (30 males and 20 females). Results The percentage hit rate for all the emotions after exclusion of contempt was 84.3% with a mean kappa for emotional expression being 0.67 among MHPs. The percentage hit rate of all emotion-laden sentences across the database was 81.43% among healthy lay individuals. The mean hit rate percentage for English sentences was similar to Hindi sentences with a mean kappa for emotional expression being 0.63 for the combined English and Hindi sentences. Conclusion The ELSTER database would be useful in the Indian context for researching textual emotion recognition. It has been validated among a group of experts as well as healthy lay individuals and was found to have high inter-rater reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Verma
- Additional Professor, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Navkiran Kalsi
- Post Doctoral Fellow, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Neha Priya Shrivastava
- Research Officer, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anita Sheerha
- Research Assistant, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ishita Dhyani
- Research Assistant, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shubham Narnoli
- Senior Resident, Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Vlasov M, Sychev O, Toropchina O, Isaeva I, Zamashanskaya E, Gillespie D. The Effects of Problematic Internet Use and Emotional Connotation on Internet Slang Processing: Evidence from a Lexical Decision Task. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2024; 53:39. [PMID: 38656436 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-024-10073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Young people use slang for identifying themselves with a particular social group, gaining social recognition and respect from that group, and expressing their emotional state. One feature of Internet slang is its active use by youth in online communication, which, under certain conditions, may cause problematic Internet use (PIU). We conducted two studies in young Russian speakers (n1 = 115, n2 = 106). In study 1, participants were asked to rate a set of slang and common words using Self-Assessment Manikin. The study revealed that the most reliable predictor of higher emotional ratings was word familiarity. There were no significant effects of slang vs. common words or word frequency. In study 2, we used a dual lexical decision task to reveal the effects of word characteristics and propensity for PIU on reaction time (RT) for Internet slang words in pairs with semantically related vs. unrelated common words. Study 2 did not reveal any significant semantic priming effect. Word frequency was a significant predictor of lexical decision facilitation. Common, but not slang, word valence and dominance significantly affected RT in the opposite direction. Individuals with higher cognitive preoccupation with the Internet responded significantly faster, while those more likely to use online communication for mood regulation responded significantly slower to the stimuli. Apparently, on explicit and implicit levels, in-depth knowledge of Internet slang can be one the PIU markers. The results are discussed in line with Davis' approach to determining the general pathological Internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Vlasov
- Research Department, Institute of Humanities, Shukshin Altai State University for Humanities and Pedagogy, 53 Vladimira Korolenko Street, Biysk, 659333, Russia.
- Laboratory of Sociocognitive and Computational Linguistics, Perm State University, Perm, Russia.
| | - Oleg Sychev
- Research Department, Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, Shukshin Altai State University for Humanities and Pedagogy, Biysk, Russia
| | - Olga Toropchina
- Research Department, Institute of Humanities, Shukshin Altai State University for Humanities and Pedagogy, 53 Vladimira Korolenko Street, Biysk, 659333, Russia
| | - Irina Isaeva
- Department of English Philology, Altai State Pedagogical University, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Elena Zamashanskaya
- Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Biysk Technological Institute, Biysk, Russia
| | - David Gillespie
- Institute of Foreign Languages, Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Betancourt ÁA, Guasch M, Ferré P. What distinguishes emotion-label words from emotion-laden words? The characterization of affective meaning from a multi-componential conception of emotions. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1308421. [PMID: 38323162 PMCID: PMC10844498 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1308421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Past research that distinguishes between affective and neutral words has predominantly relied on two-dimensional models of emotion focused on valence and arousal. However, these two dimensions cannot differentiate between emotion-label words (e.g., fear) and emotion-laden words (e.g., death). In the current study, we aimed to determine the unique affective characteristics that differentiate emotion-label, emotion-laden, and neutral words. Therefore, apart from valence and arousal, we considered different affective features of multi-componential models of emotion: action, assessment, expression, feeling, and interoception. The study materials included 800 Spanish words (104 emotion-label words, 340 emotion-laden words, and 356 neutral words). To examine the differences between each word type, we carried out a Principal Component Analysis and a Random Forest Classifier technique. Our results indicate that these words are characterized more precisely when the two-dimensional approach is combined with multi-componential models. Specifically, our analyses revealed that feeling, interoception and valence are key features in accurately differentiating between emotion-label, emotion-laden, and neutral words.
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Zheng R, Zhang M, Guo T, Guasch M, Ferré P. Emotional Prototypicality Ratings for 636 Chinese Words: A Database of Chinese Words with Affective Information. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2023; 52:2775-2792. [PMID: 37740090 PMCID: PMC10703967 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-023-10018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Exemplars of concepts vary in their degree of prototypicality. This is also true for emotion concepts. This study presents prototypicality ratings for a large set of Chinese words. The database contains 636 potential Chinese emotion words (i.e., words that directly express particular emotions, like " happy" and " sad"), from different grammatical categories. Native Chinese speakers rated the words in terms of emotional prototypicality. The database also contains values for valence, arousal, and emotionality. The analyses of the ratings revealed that 502 out of 636 words had a high prototypicality value (value equal to or above three on a 1-to-5 scale), the most prototypical words being negative and high-arousal words. The analyses also indicated that the emotional prototypicality of a word was positively related to both arousal and emotionality, and negatively related to valence. Among these variables, arousal was the most important contributor. Similar results have been found in studies conducted in other languages. This will be a useful resource for researchers interested in studying emotion words in the Chinese language and for those interested in cross-linguistic comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyao Zheng
- Department of Psychology and CRAMC, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s.n., 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of English Studies, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China
| | - Taomei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Marc Guasch
- Department of Psychology and CRAMC, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s.n., 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pilar Ferré
- Department of Psychology and CRAMC, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s.n., 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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8
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Souter NE, Reddy A, Walker J, Marino Dávolos J, Jefferies E. How do valence and meaning interact? The contribution of semantic control. J Neuropsychol 2023; 17:521-539. [PMID: 37010272 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The hub-and-spoke model of semantic cognition proposes that conceptual representations in a heteromodal 'hub' interact with and emerge from modality-specific features or 'spokes', including valence (whether a concept is positive or negative), along with visual and auditory features. As a result, valence congruency might facilitate our ability to link words conceptually. Semantic relatedness may similarly affect explicit judgements about valence. Moreover, conflict between meaning and valence may recruit semantic control processes. Here we tested these predictions using two-alternative forced-choice tasks, in which participants matched a probe word to one of two possible target words, based on either global meaning or valence. Experiment 1 examined timed responses in healthy young adults, while Experiment 2 examined decision accuracy in semantic aphasia patients with impaired controlled semantic retrieval following left hemisphere stroke. Across both experiments, semantically related targets facilitated valence matching, while related distractors impaired performance. Valence congruency was also found to facilitate semantic decision-making. People with semantic aphasia showed impaired valence matching and had particular difficulty when semantically related distractors were presented, suggesting that the selective retrieval of valence information relies on semantic control processes. Taken together, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that automatic access to the global meaning of written words affects the processing of valence, and that the valence of words is also retrieved even when this feature is task-irrelevant, affecting the efficiency of global semantic judgements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariyana Reddy
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Jake Walker
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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9
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Juuse L, Kreegipuu K, Põldver N, Kask A, Mogom T, Anbarjafari G, Allik J. Processing emotions from faces and words measured by event-related brain potentials. Cogn Emot 2023; 37:959-972. [PMID: 37338015 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2223906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Affective aspects of a stimulus can be processed rapidly and before cognitive attribution, acting much earlier for verbal stimuli than previously considered. Aimed for specific mechanisms, event-related brain potentials (ERPs), expressed in facial expressions or word meaning and evoked by six basic emotions - anger, disgust, fear, happy, sad, and surprise - relative to emotionally neutral stimuli were analysed in a sample of 116 participants. Brain responses in the occipital and left temporal regions elicited by the sadness in facial expressions or words were indistinguishable from responses evoked by neutral faces or words. Confirming previous findings, facial fear elicited an early and strong posterior negativity. Instead of expected parietal positivity, both the happy faces and words produced significantly more negative responses compared to neutral. Surprise in facial expressions and words elicited a strong early response in the left temporal cortex, which could be a signature of appraisal. The results of this study are consistent with the view that both types of affective stimuli, facial emotions and word meaning, set off rapid processing and responses occur very early in the processing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liina Juuse
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Doctoral School of Behavioural, Social and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kairi Kreegipuu
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nele Põldver
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annika Kask
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Doctoral School of Behavioural, Social and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiit Mogom
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Jüri Allik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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10
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Xu Q, Wang W, Yang Y, Li W. Effects of emotion words activation and satiation on facial expression perception: evidence from behavioral and ERP investigations. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1192450. [PMID: 37588024 PMCID: PMC10425554 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1192450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study investigated the impact of emotion concepts obtained from external environmental experiences on the perception of facial expressions by manipulating the activation and satiation of emotion words, which was based on the argument between basic emotion theory and constructed emotion theory. Methods Experiment 1 explored the effects of emotion activation on happy, disgusted, emotion-label words and emotion-laden words in a facial expression judgment task through behavioral experimentation. Experiment 2 explored the effect of semantic satiation on emotion-label words and emotion-laden words using the event-related potential technique. Results Experiment 1 found that facial expression perception was influenced by both types of emotion words and showed a significant emotional consistency effect. Experiment 2 found that N170 exhibited a more negative amplitude in the consistent condition compared to the inconsistent condition in the right hemisphere. More importantly, in the later stage of facial expression processing, emotion-label words and emotion-laden words both obstructed the perception of disgusted facial expressions and elicited more negative N400 amplitude in the emotion consistency condition, showing a reversed N400 effect. Conclusion These results suggested that emotion concepts in the form of language influenced the perception of facial expressions, but there were differences between happy and disgusted faces. Disgusted faces were more dependent on emotion concept information and showed different performances in semantic activation and satiation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weihan Wang
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wanyue Li
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Wu C, Shi Y, Zhang J. Beyond Valence and Arousal: The Role of Age of Acquisition in Emotion Word Recognition. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:568. [PMID: 37504015 PMCID: PMC10376537 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the age of acquisition (AoA) effect has been established in numerous studies, how emotion word processing is modulated by AoA, along with affective factors, such as valence and arousal, is not well understood. Hence, the influence of age of acquisition (AoA), valence, and arousal on Chinese emotion word recognition was investigated through two experiments. Experiment 1 (N = 30) adopted a valence judgment task to explore the roles of valence and AoA in emotion word recognition, whereas Experiment 2 (N = 30) used a lexical decision task to examine AoA and arousal effects. A mixed linear effects model was used to examine the fixed effects of AoA, arousal, and valence and random effects of participants and items. The findings provided confirmation of the effects of AoA, valence, and arousal. Notably, AoA and valence had independent influences on emotion word recognition, as evidenced by longer reaction times for later-acquired words and negative words compared to early-acquired words and positive words (all ps < 0.05). On the other hand, AoA and arousal demonstrated interdependent effects on emotion word recognition. Specifically, a larger AoA effect was observed for low-arousing words (all ps < 0.05), whereas the influence of AoA on high-arousing words was insignificant. These results underscored the significance of AoA in processing emotion words and highlighted the interplay between AoA and arousal. Additionally, it is plausible to suggest that the AoA effect was primarily perceptual rather than semantic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Multilingual Education with AI, School of Education, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200083, China
- Institute of Linguistics, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Yiwen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Multilingual Education with AI, School of Education, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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12
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Kim D, Lowder MW, Choi W. Emotionality effects in Korean visual word recognition: Evidence from lab-based and web-based lexical decision tasks. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 237:103944. [PMID: 37229915 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that processes of word recognition are influenced by the emotional content of a word. This pattern is most readily explained by the motivated attention and affective states model (Lang, Bradley & Cuthbert, 1997), which states that emotional stimuli are motivationally significant and capture attention. Drawing on this theoretical account, the current study compared lexical decision response times to positive and negative emotion words versus neutral words across two experimental environments - a traditional lab-based environment and a web-based environment. In addition, the experiment was conducted using Korean words presented to native Korean speakers in order to test whether the emotionality effect emerges in a non-English language. The results revealed faster response times to emotion words versus neutral words across both experimental environments with no evidence of a difference between the two environments. These findings provide important evidence that emotion words successfully attract attention and facilitate word processing even in situations where participants might be more easily distracted than they would be in a traditional lab setting. This work also constitutes the first demonstration of an emotionality effect in Korean word recognition, thus providing further evidence that the emotionality effect may be a language-universal phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahyeon Kim
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Wonil Choi
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Yeh PW, Lee CY, Cheng YY, Chiang CH. Neural correlates of understanding emotional words in late childhood. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 183:19-31. [PMID: 36375629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies involving adults have shown that words can elicit emotional processing, with emotion-label (e.g., happiness) and emotion-laden words (e.g., gift) having distinct processes. However, limited studies have explored the developmental changes in these processes in relation to emotional valence. To address this question, this exploratory study measured event-related potentials (ERPs) in 11-14-year-old children/adolescents (N = 25) and adults (N = 23) while performing an emotional categorization task. The stimuli used were two-character Chinese words, with factors for word type (emotion-label versus emotion-laden) and valence (positive versus negative). To confirm word emotionality, neutral words were also included and compared with all emotional words. The results showed that adults exhibited reduced N400 amplitudes to emotion-label words compared to emotion-laden ones in both positive and negative valence contexts. The differentiation was only sustained for negative valence in the late positive component (LPC). Similar scalp distributions of the effects of word type were found in children/adolescents; however, they exhibited a more prolonged processing of all emotional words than adults. These results suggest that the processing of emotion-label and emotion-laden words are distinct in late childhood, and this discrepancy varies with emotional valence and increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Yeh
- Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Laboratory of Brain and Language, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Cheng
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Laboratory of Brain and Language, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Chiang
- Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Tang D, Fu Y, Wang H, Liu B, Zang A, Kärkkäinen T. The embodiment of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words: Evidence from late Chinese-English bilinguals. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1143064. [PMID: 37034955 PMCID: PMC10074490 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1143064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although increasing studies have confirmed the distinction between emotion-label words (words directly label emotional states) and emotion-laden words (words evoke emotions through connotations), the existing evidence is inconclusive, and their embodiment is unknown. In the current study, the emotional categorization task was adopted to investigate whether these two types of emotion words are embodied by directly comparing how they are processed in individuals' native language (L1) and the second language (L2) among late Chinese-English bilinguals. The results revealed that apart from L2 negative emotion-laden words, both types of emotion words in L1 and L2 produced significant emotion effects, with faster response times and/or higher accuracy rates. In addition, processing facilitation for emotion-label words over emotion-laden words was observed irrespective of language operation; a significant three-way interaction between the language, valence and emotion word type was noted. Taken together, this study suggested that the embodiment of emotion words is modulated by the emotion word type, and L2 negative emotion-laden words tend to be affectively disembodied. The disassociation between emotion-label and emotion-laden words is confirmed in both L1 and L2 and therefore, future emotion word research should take the emotion word type into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- School of Foreign Languages, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Yang Fu
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Foreign Languages, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huili Wang,
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Foreign Languages, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Anqi Zang
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Tommi Kärkkäinen
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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15
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Which word makes you feel more negative? “Nausea” or “corpse”. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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The acquisition of emotion-laden words from childhood to adolescence. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStudies investigating how children acquire emotional vocabularies have mainly focused on words that describe feelings or affective states (emotion-label words, e.g., joy) trough subjective assessments of the children’s lexicon reported by their parents or teachers. In the current cross-sectional study, we objectively examined the age of acquisition of words that relate to emotions without explicitly referring to affective states (emotion-laden words, e.g., cake, tomb, rainbow) using a picture naming task. Three hundred and sixty participants belonging to 18 age groups from preschool to adolescence overtly named line drawings corresponding to positive, negative, and neutral concrete nouns. The results of regression and mixed model analyses indicated that positive emotion-laden words are learnt earlier in life. This effect was independent of the contribution of other lexical and semantic factors (familiarity, word frequency, concreteness, word length). It is proposed that the prioritized acquisition of positive emotion-laden words might be the consequence of the communicative style and contextual factors associated with the interaction between children and caregivers. We also discuss the implications of our findings for proposals that highlight the role of language in emotion perception and understanding.
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17
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Wong TY, Fang Z, Yu YT, Cheung C, Hui CLM, Elvevåg B, De Deyne S, Sham PC, Chen EYH. Discovering the structure and organization of a free Cantonese emotion-label word association graph to understand mental lexicons of emotions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19581. [PMID: 36380119 PMCID: PMC9666539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions are not necessarily universal across different languages and cultures. Mental lexicons of emotions depend strongly on contextual factors, such as language and culture. The Chinese language has unique linguistic properties that are different from other languages. As a main variant of Chinese, Cantonese has some emotional expressions that are only used by Cantonese speakers. Previous work on Chinese emotional vocabularies focused primarily on Mandarin. However, little is known about Cantonese emotion vocabularies. This is important since both language variants might have distinct emotional expressions, despite sharing the same writing system. To explore the structure and organization of Cantonese-label emotion words, we selected 79 highly representative emotion cue words from an ongoing large-scale Cantonese word association study (SWOW-HK). We aimed to identify the categories of these emotion words and non-emotion words that related to emotion concepts. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to generate word clusters and investigate the underlying emotion dimensions. As the cluster quality was low in hierarchical clustering, we further constructed an emotion graph using a network approach to explore how emotions are organized in the Cantonese mental lexicon. With the support of emotion knowledge, the emotion graph defined more distinct emotion categories. The identified network communities covered basic emotions such as love, happiness, and sadness. Our results demonstrate that mental lexicon graphs constructed from free associations of Cantonese emotion-label words can reveal fine categories of emotions and their relevant concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yat Wong
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Zhiqian Fang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yat To Yu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charlton Cheung
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christy L. M. Hui
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brita Elvevåg
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Simon De Deyne
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSchool of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Y. H. Chen
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Haro J, Calvillo R, Poch C, Hinojosa JA, Ferré P. Your words went straight to my heart: the role of emotional prototypicality in the recognition of emotion-label words. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 87:1075-1084. [PMID: 36056965 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Emotional words differ in how they acquire their emotional charge. There is a relevant distinction between emotion-label words (those that directly name an emotion, e.g., "joy" or "sadness") and emotion-laden words (those that do not name an emotion, but can provoke it, e.g., "party" or "death"). In this work, we focused on emotion-label words. These words vary in their emotional prototypicality, which indicates the extent to which the word refers to an emotion. We conducted two lexical decision experiments to examine the role played by emotional prototypicality in the recognition of emotion-label words. The results showed that emotional prototypicality has a facilitative effect in word recognition. Emotional prototypicality would ease conceptual access, thus facilitating the retrieval of emotional content during word recognition. In addition to the theoretical implications, the evidence gathered in this study also highlights the need to consider emotional prototypicality in the selection of emotion-label words in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Haro
- Departament de Psicologia and CRAMC, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s.n., 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rocío Calvillo
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Poch
- Departamento de Educación, Universidad de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Hinojosa
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Ferré
- Departament de Psicologia and CRAMC, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s.n., 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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19
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Liu J, Fan L, Jiang J, Li C, Tian L, Zhang X, Feng W. Evidence for dynamic attentional bias toward positive emotion-laden words: A behavioral and electrophysiological study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:966774. [PMID: 36051211 PMCID: PMC9426460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.966774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been no consensus on the neural dissociation between emotion-label and emotion-laden words, which remains one of the major concerns in affective neurolinguistics. The current study adopted dot-probe tasks to investigate the valence effect on attentional bias toward Chinese emotion-label and emotion-laden words. Behavioral data showed that emotional word type and valence interacted in attentional bias scores with an attentional bias toward positive emotion-laden words rather than positive emotion-label words and that this bias was derived from the disengagement difficulty in positive emotion-laden words. In addition, an attentional bias toward negative emotion-label words relative to positive emotion-label words was observed. The event-related potential (ERP) data demonstrated an interaction between emotional word type, valence, and hemisphere. A significant hemisphere effect was observed during the processing of positive emotion-laden word pairs rather than positive emotion-label, negative emotion-label, and negative emotion-laden word pairs, with positive emotion-laden word pairs eliciting an enhanced P1 in the right hemisphere as compared to the left hemisphere. Our results found a dynamic attentional bias toward positive emotion-laden words; individuals allocated more attention to positive emotion-laden words in the early processing stage and had difficulty disengaging attention from them in the late processing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- School of Foreign Studies, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Fan
- National Research Centre for Foreign Language Education, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China
- Artificial Intelligence and Human Languages Lab, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Fan, ;
| | - Jiaxing Jiang
- Research Institute of Foreign Languages, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Li
- Research Institute of Foreign Languages, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Tian
- National Research Centre for Foreign Language Education, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhang
- National Research Centre for Foreign Language Education, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China
| | - Wangshu Feng
- Artificial Intelligence and Human Languages Lab, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China
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20
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Emotion concept in perception of facial expressions: Effects of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words. Neuropsychologia 2022; 174:108345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Wang X, Li G, Zhao G, Li Y, Wang B, Lin CP, Liu X, Bi Y. Social and emotion dimensional organizations in the abstract semantic space: the neuropsychological evidence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23572. [PMID: 34876617 PMCID: PMC8651696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential aspect of human cognition is supported by a rich reservoir of abstract concepts without tangible external referents (e.g., “honor”, “relationship”, “direction”). While decades of research showed that the neural organization of conceptual knowledge referring to concrete words respects domains of evolutionary salience and sensorimotor attributes, the organization principles of abstract word meanings are poorly understood. Here, we provide neuropsychological evidence for a domain (sociality) and attribute (emotion) structure in abstract word processing. Testing 34 brain-damaged patients on a word-semantic judgment task, we observed double dissociations between social and nonsocial words and a single dissociation of sparing of emotional (relative to non-emotional) words. The lesion profiles of patients with specific dissociations suggest potential neural correlates positively or negatively associated with each dimension. These results unravel a general domain-attribute architecture of word meanings and highlight the roles of the social domain and the emotional attribute in the non-object semantic space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guochao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunqian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yanchao Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. .,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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22
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Wu C, Zhang J, Yuan Z. Can Masked Emotion-Laden Words Prime Emotion-Label Words? An ERP Test on the Mediated Account. Front Psychol 2021; 12:721783. [PMID: 34764910 PMCID: PMC8576488 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.721783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present event-related potential (ERP) study explored whether masked emotion-laden words could facilitate the processing of both emotion-label words and emotion-laden words in a valence judgment task. The results revealed that emotion-laden words as primes failed to influence target emotion-label word processing, whereas emotion-laden words facilitated target emotion-laden words in the congruent condition. Specifically, decreased late positivity complex (LPC) was elicited by emotion-laden words primed by emotion-laden words of the same valence than those primed by emotion-laden words of different valence. Nevertheless, no difference was observed for emotion-label words as targets. These findings supported the mediated account that claimed emotion-laden words engendered emotion via the mediation of emotion-label words and hypothesized that emotion-laden words could not prime emotion-label words in the masked priming paradigm. Moreover, this study provided additional evidence showing the distinction between emotion-laden words and emotion-label words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Wu
- Multilingual Edu-AI Laboratory, School of Education, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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23
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Implicit happy and fear experience contributes to computational estimation strategy execution: Behavioral and neurophysiological evidence. Neuropsychologia 2021; 159:107959. [PMID: 34271003 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous study have explored the influence of explicit emotion priming on computational estimation strategy execution, but the corresponding influence of implicit emotion priming still remains unknown. The present study aimed to solve this problem. Participants were asked to complete two-digit multiplication computational estimation task, under different implicit emotion priming conditions (gender judgment task). In the two-digit multiplication computational estimation task, the computational estimation question was presented in the middle of the screen, meanwhile, two alternative answers were presented side by side at the bottom of the screen, participants were required to select which answer is correct, by using the down-up strategy (e.g., doing 30 × 50 = 1500 for 34 × 46). Behavioral results showed that the response speed under implicit happy and fear (vs. neutral and angry) priming conditions was quicker, and the accuracy under different priming conditions showed no significant difference. The ERP results showed that the influence of implicit emotion priming on computational estimation strategy execution consisted of two phases: in the first phase, the N1 amplitudes elicited by completing the multiplication computational estimation task were smaller under implicit fear (vs. angry) priming condition; in the second phase, the corresponding P2 amplitudes under implicit happy (vs. fear) priming condition were smaller. The present study indicated that implicit happy and fear experience contributed to complete computational estimation tasks, suggesting that implicit negative emotional (e.g., fear) experience was not always detrimental to computational estimation strategy execution.
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24
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Wu C, Zhang J, Yuan Z. Exploring Affective Priming Effect of Emotion-Label Words and Emotion-Laden Words: An Event-Related Potential Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050553. [PMID: 33925670 PMCID: PMC8145978 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the affective priming effect of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words, the current study used unmasked (Experiment 1) and masked (Experiment 2) priming paradigm by including emotion-label words (e.g., sadness, anger) and emotion-laden words (e.g., death, gift) as primes and examined how the two kinds of words acted upon the processing of the target words (all emotion-laden words). Participants were instructed to decide the valence of target words, and their electroencephalogram was recorded at the same time. The behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) results showed that positive words produced a priming effect whereas negative words inhibited target word processing (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, the inhibition effect of negative emotion-label words on emotion word recognition was found in both behavioral and ERP results, suggesting that modulation of emotion word type on emotion word processing could be observed even in the masked priming paradigm. The two experiments further supported the necessity of defining emotion words under an emotion word type perspective. The implications of the findings are proffered. Specifically, a clear understanding of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words can improve the effectiveness of emotional communications in clinical settings. Theoretically, the emotion word type perspective awaits further explorations and is still at its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Wu
- School of Education, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200083, China;
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, E33, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, E33, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, E33, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, E33, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, E33, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
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25
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Liu D, Wang Y, Lu F, Shu D, Zhang J, Zhu C, Luo W. Emotional valence modulates arithmetic strategy execution in priming paradigm: an event-related potential study. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:1151-1163. [PMID: 33555381 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Combined with the prime paradigm, the present study aimed to explore the influence of emotion (anger, fear, happiness, and neutral) on performing multiplication estimation. Participants were asked to complete a two-digit multiplication estimation task using the down-up strategy (e.g., doing 20 × 80 = 1600 for 24 × 79). Behavioral results showed that the reaction time for completing multiplication estimation tasks under happy conditions was shorter than for those under anger and fear, and it was shorter under neutral than under fearful conditions. The ERP results showed that about 100 ms after multiplication estimation task onset, multiplication estimation execution in the context of happiness (vs. neutral) elicited smaller P1 amplitudes; about 170 ms after multiplication estimation task onset, the N170 amplitudes elicited by multiplication estimation strategy execution under different emotional priming conditions showed no significant differences. The above results showed that the impact of emotion priming demonstrates the occurrence of a dynamic process when participants use a specified strategy to complete the multiplication estimation task. The present study revealed that emotional valence modulated arithmetic strategy execution, suggesting the role of different emotions should be fully considered in similar study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianzhi Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Foreign Languages, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Deming Shu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- School of Humanities, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanlin Zhu
- School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China.
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.
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26
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Yoris A, Legaz A, Abrevaya S, Alarco S, López Peláez J, Sánchez R, García AM, Ibáñez A, Sedeño L. Multicentric evidence of emotional impairments in hypertensive heart disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14131. [PMID: 32839479 PMCID: PMC7445248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying emotional alterations constitute a key research target in neuroscience. Emerging evidence indicates that these disruptions can be related to abnormal interoception (i.e., the sensing of visceral feelings), as observed in patients with cardiodynamic deficits. To directly assess these links, we performed the first multicenter study on emotion recognition and interoception in patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Participants from two countries completed a facial emotion recognition test, and a subsample additionally underwent an interoception protocol based on a validated heartbeat detection task. HHD patients from both countries presented deficits in the recognition of overall and negative emotions. Moreover, interoceptive performance was impaired in the HHD group. In addition, a significant association between interoceptive performance and emotion recognition was observed in the control group, but this relation was abolished in the HHD group. All results survived after covariance with cognitive status measures, suggesting they were not biased by general cognitive deficits in the patients. Taken together, these findings suggest that emotional recognition alterations could represent a sui generis deficit in HHD, and that it may be partially explained by the disruption of mechanisms subserving the integration of neuro-visceral signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Yoris
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pacheco de Melo 1860, C1126AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Legaz
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pacheco de Melo 1860, C1126AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Abrevaya
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pacheco de Melo 1860, C1126AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Alarco
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ramiro Sánchez
- Metabolic and Arterial Hypertension Unit, Favaloro Foundation Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adolfo M García
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pacheco de Melo 1860, C1126AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Faculty of Education, National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
- Departamento de Lingüística y Literatura, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pacheco de Melo 1860, C1126AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucas Sedeño
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pacheco de Melo 1860, C1126AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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27
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Zhang J, Teo T, Wu C. Emotion Words Modulate Early Conflict Processing in a Flanker Task: Differentiating Emotion-Label Words and Emotion-Laden Words in Second Language. LANGUAGE AND SPEECH 2019; 62:641-651. [PMID: 30354948 DOI: 10.1177/0023830918807509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Emotion words modulate conflict processing, even at an early stage (i.e., N200). However, the previous studies implicitly mixed emotion-label words and emotion-laden words together and mostly concentrated on first language (L1) rather than on second language (L2). The current study aimed to investigate whether L2 negative emotion-label words, negative emotion-laden words, and neutral words would affect conflict processing in a flanker task by using event-related potential (ERP) measurements. Twenty Chinese-English bilinguals completed a modified flanker task to decide the color of the target words. The results revealed that only L2 negative emotion-label words elicited larger left frontal N200 in the incongruent condition than in the congruent condition. No significant difference between the two conditions was observed for L2 negative emotion-laden words or neutral words. This research demonstrated that L2 emotion words could also modulate early conflict processing, at least for L2 negative emotion-label words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Timothy Teo
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Chenggang Wu
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau
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28
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Cheng K, Ding A, Jiang L, Tian H, Yan H. Emotion in Chinese Words Could Not Be Extracted in Continuous Flash Suppression. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:309. [PMID: 31572149 PMCID: PMC6751281 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the automatic vigilance effect for faces and pictures and have attributed it to the brain's prioritized unconscious evaluation of early evolutionary stimuli that are critical to survival. Whether this effect exists for evolutionarily more recent stimuli, such as written words, has become the center of much debate. Apparently contradicting results have been reported in different languages, such as Hebrew, English, and Traditional Chinese (TC), with regard to the unconscious processing of emotional words in breaking continuous flash suppression (b-CFS). Our current study used two experiments (with two-character words or single-character words) to verify whether the emotional valence or the length of Simplified Chinese (SC) words would modulate conscious access in b-CFS. We failed to replicate the findings reported in Yang and Yeh (2011) using TC, but found that complex high-level emotional information could not be extracted from interocularly suppressed words regardless of their length. Our findings comply with the distinction between subliminal and preconscious states in Global Neuronal Workspace Theory and support the current notion that preconsciousness or partial awareness may be indispensable for high-level cognitive tasks such as reading comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Cheng
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Foreign Languages, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aolin Ding
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianfang Jiang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Tian
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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29
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Differentiating emotion-label words and emotion-laden words in emotion conflict: an ERP study. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2423-2430. [PMID: 31302735 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent increased attention to emotion conflict, little is known about whether emotion-label words (e.g., sadness, happiness) and emotion-laden words (e.g., death, birthday) function similarly in emotion conflict (i.e., a conflict between the target and distractor in emotion involvement), because the majority of the previous studies implicitly mixed the two. The present study aimed to compare emotion-label words and emotion-laden words in emotion conflict using a flanker task. Specifically, participants (N = 21) were asked to judge the valence of the target words that were vertically surrounded by the words with same (congruent) or different (incongruent) valence as being negative or positive. The behavioral results suggested that negative emotion-laden words were processed faster and more accurately than negative emotion-label words. ERP data further showed that negative emotion-label words elicited larger N200 than negative emotion-laden words on the left hemisphere, while such a difference was found for positive words on the right hemisphere. Moreover, emotion-laden words elicited smaller N200 in the incongruent condition than in the congruent condition, whereas no such a distinction was observed for emotion-label words. The findings suggest different cognitive and neural correlates of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words in emotion conflict.
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30
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Ćoso B, Guasch M, Ferré P, Hinojosa JA. Affective and concreteness norms for 3,022 Croatian words. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2019; 72:2302-2312. [PMID: 30744508 DOI: 10.1177/1747021819834226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study presents subjective ratings for 3,022 Croatian words, which were evaluated on two affective dimensions (valence and arousal) and one lexico-semantic variable (concreteness). A sample of 933 Croatian native speakers rated the words online. Ratings showed high reliabilities for all three variables, as well as significant correlations with ratings from databases available in Spanish and English. A quadratic relation between valence and arousal was observed, with a tendency for arousal to increase for negative and positive words, and neutral words having the lowest arousal ratings. In addition, significant correlations were found between affective dimensions and word concreteness, suggesting that abstract words have a tendency to be more arousing and emotional than concrete words. The present database will allow experimental research in Croatian, a language with a considerable lack of psycholinguistic norms, by providing researchers with a useful tool in the investigation of the relationship between language and emotion for the South-Slavic group of languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Ćoso
- 1 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marc Guasch
- 2 Department of Psychology, Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pilar Ferré
- 2 Department of Psychology, Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Hinojosa
- 3 Facultad de Psicología, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Wang X, Shangguan C, Lu J. Time course of emotion effects during emotion-label and emotion-laden word processing. Neurosci Lett 2019; 699:1-7. [PMID: 30677433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the time course of emotion effects during emotion-word processing, but no consistent pattern has emerged. Notably, most of these studies intermixed emotion-label words (e.g., "happy") with emotion-laden words (e.g., "successful"), although emotion activation differences for these two types of words have been documented. Here, we separately investigated the time course of the emotion effects of emotion-label and emotion-laden words with a lexical decision task. The results showed that emotion-label words and negative emotion-laden words elicited a larger P2 than did neutral words, whereas there was no difference in P2 between positive emotion-laden and neutral words. Furthermore, both emotion-label and emotion-laden words, regardless of their valence, elicited smaller N400 components than did neutral words. These results suggest that the emotion effect of emotion-label words occurs earlier than that of emotion-laden words, but this difference is limited to the positive valence category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- College of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chenyu Shangguan
- College of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jiamei Lu
- College of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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