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Zacharodimos N, Athanasaki C, Vitsou-Anastasiou S, Papadopoulou OS, Moniaki N, Doulgeraki AI, Nychas GJE, Tassou CC, Papakonstantinou E. Short-Term Effects of Fruit Juice Enriched with Vitamin D3, n-3 PUFA, and Probiotics on Glycemic Responses: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in Healthy Adults. Metabolites 2023; 13:791. [PMID: 37512498 PMCID: PMC10385322 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the glycemic index (GI) of a commercial mixed fruit juice (apple, orange, grape, and pomegranate; FJ) fortified with vitamin D3 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or probiotics, and their combination, and their effects on glycemic responses and salivary insulin concentrations. In a randomized controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 11 healthy participants (25 ± 2 years; five women; body mass index = 23 ± 1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to receive five types of FJs [vitD (with vitamin D3); n-3 (with n-3 PUFA); probiotics (with Lacticaseibacillus casei Shirota and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG); vitD-n-3-probiotics FJ (combination of vitD3-n-3-probiotics), control (regular FJ)], all containing 50 g available carbohydrate, and glucose as reference drink. All FJs provided low GI values (control: 54; vitD3: 52; n-3: 51; probiotics: 50; and vitD-n-3-probiotics combination: 52, on glucose scale). Compared to the FJ control, the enriched FJs produced different postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses and affected satiety scores. All FJ types, regardless of the added biofunctional ingredients, attenuated postprandial glycemic responses, which may offer advantages to glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Zacharodimos
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Athanasaki
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatia Vitsou-Anastasiou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Attiki, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - Olga S Papadopoulou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Attiki, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - Natalia Moniaki
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Agapi I Doulgeraki
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Attiki, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - George-John E Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysoula C Tassou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Attiki, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - Emilia Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
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2
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Mazza E, Calesella F, Paolini M, di Pasquasio C, Poletti S, Lorenzi C, Falini A, Zanardi R, Colombo C, Benedetti F. Insulin resistance disrupts white matter microstructure and amplitude of functional spontaneous activity in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2023; 25:32-42. [PMID: 36377438 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is linked to several structural and functional brain alterations. In addition, BD patients have a three-fold increased risk of developing insulin resistance, which is associated with neural changes and poorer BD outcomes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of insulin and two derived measures (insulin resistance and sensitivity) on white matter (WM) microstructure, resting-state (rs) functional connectivity (FC), and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF). METHODS BD patients (n = 92) underwent DTI acquisition, and a subsample (n = 22) underwent rs-fMRI. Blood samples were collected to determine insulin and glucose levels. The Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were computed. DTI data were analyzed via tract-based spatial statistics and threshold-free cluster enhancement. From rs-fMRI data, both ROI-to-ROI FC matrices and fALFF maps were extracted. RESULTS Insulin showed a widespread negative association with fractional anisotropy (FA) and a positive effect on radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD). HOMA-IR exerted a significant effect on RD in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, whereas QUICKI was positively associated with FA and negatively with RD and MD in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus, left anterior corona radiata, and forceps minor. fALFF was negatively modulated by insulin and HOMA-IR and positively associated with QUICKI in the precuneus. No significant results were found in the ROI-to-ROI analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that WM microstructure and functional alterations might underlie the effect of IR on BD pathophysiology, even if the causal mechanisms need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mazza
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Calesella
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Paolini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sara Poletti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Lorenzi
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Zanardi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Mood Disorders Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Mood Disorders Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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3
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Gómez-Martínez DG, Ramos F, Ramos M, Robles F. A bioinspired model for the generation of a motivational state from energy homeostasis. COGN SYST RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Althubeati S, Avery A, Tench CR, Lobo DN, Salter A, Eldeghaidy S. Mapping brain activity of gut-brain signaling to appetite and satiety in healthy adults: A systematic review and functional neuroimaging meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104603. [PMID: 35276299 PMCID: PMC9096878 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how neurohormonal gut-brain signaling regulates appetite and satiety is vital for the development of therapies for obesity and altered eating behavior. However, reported brain areas associated with appetite or satiety regulators show inconsistency across functional neuroimaging studies. The aim of this study was to systematically assess the convergence of brain regions modulated by appetite and satiety regulators. Twenty-five studies were considered for qualitative synthesis, and 14 independent studies (20-experiments) found eligible for coordinate-based neuroimaging meta-analyses across 212 participants and 123 foci. We employed two different meta-analysis approaches. The results from the systematic review revealed the modulation of insula, amygdala, hippocampus, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) with appetite regulators, where satiety regulators were more associated with caudate nucleus, hypothalamus, thalamus, putamen, anterior cingulate cortex in addition to the insula and OFC. The two neuroimaging meta-analyses methods identified the caudate nucleus as a key area associated with satiety regulators. Our results provide quantitative brain activation maps of neurohormonal gut-brain signaling in heathy-weight adults that can be used to define alterations with eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Althubeati
- Division of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amanda Avery
- Division of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Christopher R Tench
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dileep N Lobo
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Andrew Salter
- Division of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics and Future Food Beacon, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Sally Eldeghaidy
- Division of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics and Future Food Beacon, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Salah NY, Hashim MA, Abdeen MSE. Disordered eating behaviour in adolescents with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; relation to body image, depression and glycemic control. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:46. [PMID: 35379350 PMCID: PMC8981863 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disordered eating behaviour (DEB) represents a significant morbidity among people with type-1 diabetes (T1D). Continuous-subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) improves glycemic control and psychological wellbeing in those with T1D. However, its relation to DEB remains obscure. OBJECTIVES To compare DEB among adolescents with T1D on CSII versus basal-bolus regimen and correlate it with body image, HbA1C and depression. METHODS Sixty adolescents with T1D (30 on CSII and 30 on basal-bolus regimen), aged 12-17 years were studied focusing on diabetes-duration, insulin therapy, exercise, socioeconomic standard, hypoglycemic attacks/week and family history of psychiatric illness. Anthropometric measures, HbA1C, binge eating scale (BES), body image tool, patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ9) and the Mini-KID depression scale were assessed. RESULTS Among the studied adolescents with T1D, six had DEB (10%), 14 had poor body-image perception (23.3%), 42 had moderate body-image perception (70%) and 22 had depression (36.7%). Adolescents with T1D on CSII had significantly lower BES (p = 0.022), Mini-KID depression (p = 0.001) and PHQ9 (p = 0.02) than those on basal-bolus regimen. BES was positively correlated to depression (p < 0.001), HbA1C (p = 0.013) and diabetes-duration (p = 0.009) and negatively correlated to body-image (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION DEB is a prevalent comorbidity among adolescents with T1D, with higher frequency in those on basal-bolus regimen than CSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran Yousef Salah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, 25 Korash Street, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa Ahmad Hashim
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kim D, Jo YS, Jo HS, Bae S, Kwon YW, Oh YS, Yoon JH. Comparative Phosphoproteomics of Neuro-2a Cells under Insulin Resistance Reveals New Molecular Signatures of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23021006. [PMID: 35055191 PMCID: PMC8781554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23021006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin in the brain is a well-known critical factor in neuro-development and regulation of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The abnormality of brain insulin signaling is associated with the aging process and altered brain plasticity, and could promote neurodegeneration in the late stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The precise molecular mechanism of the relationship between insulin resistance and AD remains unclear. The development of phosphoproteomics has advanced our knowledge of phosphorylation-mediated signaling networks and could elucidate the molecular mechanisms of certain pathological conditions. Here, we applied a reliable phosphoproteomic approach to Neuro2a (N2a) cells to identify their molecular features under two different insulin-resistant conditions with clinical relevance: inflammation and dyslipidemia. Despite significant difference in overall phosphoproteome profiles, we found molecular signatures and biological pathways in common between two insulin-resistant conditions. These include the integrin and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathways, and we further verified these molecular targets by subsequent biochemical analysis. Among them, the phosphorylation levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and Src were reduced in the brain from rodent AD model 5xFAD mice. This study provides new molecular signatures for insulin resistance in N2a cells and possible links between the molecular features of insulin resistance and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayea Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI hub), Daegu 41061, Korea;
| | - Yeon Suk Jo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (H.-S.J.); (S.B.); (Y.W.K.)
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Science, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Han-Seul Jo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (H.-S.J.); (S.B.); (Y.W.K.)
| | - Sungwon Bae
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (H.-S.J.); (S.B.); (Y.W.K.)
| | - Yang Woo Kwon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (H.-S.J.); (S.B.); (Y.W.K.)
| | - Yong-Seok Oh
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Science, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.O.); (J.H.Y.); Tel.: +82-53-785-6114 (Y.-S.O.); +82-53-980-8341 (J.H.Y.)
| | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea; (Y.S.J.); (H.-S.J.); (S.B.); (Y.W.K.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.O.); (J.H.Y.); Tel.: +82-53-785-6114 (Y.-S.O.); +82-53-980-8341 (J.H.Y.)
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7
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Voigt K, Razi A, Harding IH, Andrews ZB, Verdejo-Garcia A. Neural network modelling reveals changes in directional connectivity between cortical and hypothalamic regions with increased BMI. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2447-2454. [PMID: 34341471 PMCID: PMC8528693 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity has been ascribed to corticostriatal regions taking control over homeostatic areas. To test this assumption, we applied an effective connectivity approach to reveal the direction of information flow between brain regions and the valence of connections (excitatory versus inhibitory) as a function of increased BMI and homeostatic state. SUBJECTS/METHODS Forty-one participants (21 overweight/obese) underwent two resting-state fMRI scans: after overnight fasting (hunger) and following a standardised meal (satiety). We used spectral dynamic causal modelling to unravel hunger and increased BMI-related changes in directed connectivity between cortical, insular, striatal and hypothalamic regions. RESULTS During hunger, as compared to satiety, we found increased excitation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex over the ventral striatum and hypothalamus, suggesting enhanced top-down modulation compensating energy depletion. Increased BMI was associated with increased excitation of the anterior insula over the hypothalamus across the hunger and satiety conditions. The interaction of hunger and increased BMI yielded decreased intra-cortical excitation from the dorso-lateral to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that excess weight and obesity is associated with persistent top-down excitation of the hypothalamus, regardless of homeostatic state, and hunger-related reductions of dorso-lateral to ventromedial prefrontal inputs. These findings are compatible with eating without hunger and reduced self-regulation views of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Voigt
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adeel Razi
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Electronic Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian H Harding
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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8
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Heinrichs HS, Beyer F, Medawar E, Prehn K, Ordemann J, Flöel A, Witte AV. Effects of bariatric surgery on functional connectivity of the reward and default mode network: A pre-registered analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5357-5373. [PMID: 34432350 PMCID: PMC8519880 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity imposes serious health risks and involves alterations in resting‐state functional connectivity of brain networks involved in eating behavior. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment, but its effects on functional connectivity are still under debate. In this pre‐registered study, we aimed to determine the effects of bariatric surgery on major resting‐state brain networks (reward and default mode network) in a longitudinal controlled design. Thirty‐three bariatric surgery patients and 15 obese waiting‐list control patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, after 6 and 12 months. We conducted a pre‐registered whole‐brain time‐by‐group interaction analysis, and a time‐by‐group interaction analysis on within‐network connectivity. In exploratory analyses, we investigated the effects of weight loss and head motion. Bariatric surgery compared to waiting did not significantly affect functional connectivity of the reward network and the default mode network (FWE‐corrected p > .05), neither whole‐brain nor within‐network. In exploratory analyses, surgery‐related BMI decrease (FWE‐corrected p = .041) and higher average head motion (FWE‐corrected p = .021) resulted in significantly stronger connectivity of the reward network with medial posterior frontal regions. This pre‐registered well‐controlled study did not support a strong effect of bariatric surgery, compared to waiting, on major resting‐state brain networks after 6 months. Exploratory analyses indicated that head motion might have confounded the effects. Data pooling and more rigorous control of within‐scanner head motion during data acquisition are needed to substantiate effects of bariatric surgery on brain organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Heinrichs
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frauke Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,CRC 1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", Subproject A1, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Prehn
- Department of Neurology & NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ordemann
- Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Vivantes Clinic Spandau, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,CRC 1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", Subproject A1, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Brain activations show association with subsequent endocrine responses to oral glucose challenge in a satiation-level dependent manner. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 6:100055. [PMID: 35757367 PMCID: PMC9216379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The communication between brain and peripheral homeostatic systems is a central element of ingestive control. We set out to explore which parts of the brain have strong functional connections to peripheral signalling molecules in a physiological context. It was hypothesised that associations can be found between endocrine response to glucose ingestion and preceding brain activity in dependence of the nutritional status of the body. Materials and methods Young, healthy male participants underwent both a 38 h fasting and a control condition with standardized meals. On the second day of the experiment, participants underwent fMRI scanning followed by ingestion of glucose solution in both conditions. Subsequent endocrine responses relevant to energy metabolism were assessed. Associations between preceding brain activation and endocrine responses were examined. Results In both fasting and non-fasting conditions, brain activity was associated with subsequent endocrine responses after glucose administration, but relevant brain areas differed substantially between the conditions. In the fasting condition relations between the caudate nucleus and the orbitofrontal regions with insulin and C-peptide were prevailing, whereas in the non-fasting condition associations between various brain regions and adiponectin and cortisol were the predominant significant outcome. Conclusion Connections between endocrine response following a glucose challenge and prior brain activity suggests that the brain is playing an active role in the networks regulating food intake and associated endocrine signals. Further studies are needed to demonstrate causation.
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10
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Klockars A, Levine AS, Head MA, Perez-Leighton CE, Kotz CM, Olszewski PK. Impact of Gut and Metabolic Hormones on Feeding Reward. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1425-1447. [PMID: 33577129 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of food activates a cascade of endocrine responses (thereby reflecting a contemporaneous feeding status) that include the release of hormones from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagonlike peptide YY (PYY), peptide PP, and oleoylethanolamide, as well as suppression of ghrelin secretion. The pancreas and adipose tissue, on the other hand, release hormones that serve as a measure of the current metabolic state or the long-term energy stores, that is, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin. It is well known and intuitively understandable that these hormones target either directly (by crossing the blood-brain barrier) or indirectly (e.g., via vagal input) the "homeostatic" brainstem-hypothalamic pathways involved in the regulation of appetite. The current article focuses on yet another target of the metabolic and GI hormones that is critical in inducing changes in food intake, namely, the reward system. We discuss the physiological basis of this functional interaction, its importance in the control of appetite, and the impact that disruption of this crosstalk has on energy intake in select physiological and pathophysiological states. We conclude that metabolic and GI hormones have a capacity to strengthen or weaken a response of the reward system to a given food, and thus, they are fundamental in ensuring that feeding reward is plastic and dependent on the energy status of the organism. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1425-1447, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Klockars
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Allen S Levine
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mitchell A Head
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Catherine M Kotz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Pawel K Olszewski
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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11
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Bassaganya-Riera J, Berry EM, Blaak EE, Burlingame B, le Coutre J, van Eden W, El-Sohemy A, German JB, Knorr D, Lacroix C, Muscaritoli M, Nieman DC, Rychlik M, Scholey A, Serafini M. Goals in Nutrition Science 2020-2025. Front Nutr 2021; 7:606378. [PMID: 33665201 PMCID: PMC7923694 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.606378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Five years ago, with the editorial board of Frontiers in Nutrition, we took a leap of faith to outline the Goals for Nutrition Science - the way we see it (1). Now, in 2020, we can put ourselves to the test and take a look back. Without a doubt we got it right with several of the key directions. To name a few, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Food and Nutrition are part of the global public agenda, and the SDGs contribute to the structuring of international science and research. Nutritional Science has become a critical element in strengthening work on the SDGs, and the development of appropriate methodologies is built on the groundwork of acquiring and analyzing big datasets. Investigation of the Human Microbiome is providing novel insight on the interrelationship between nutrition, the immune system and disease. Finally, with an advanced definition of the gut-brain-axis we are getting a glimpse into the potential for Nutrition and Brain Health. Various milestones have been achieved, and any look into the future will have to consider the lessons learned from Covid-19 and the sobering awareness about the frailty of our food systems in ensuring global food security. With a view into the coming 5 years from 2020 to 2025, the editorial board has taken a slightly different approach as compared to the previous Goals article. A mind map has been created to outline the key topics in nutrition science. Not surprisingly, when looking ahead, the majority of scientific investigation required will be in the areas of health and sustainability. Johannes le Coutre, Field Chief Editor, Frontiers in Nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory (NIMML) Institute, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Elliot M Berry
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes le Coutre
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Willem van Eden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dietrich Knorr
- Institute of Food Technology and Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Technical University of Munich, Analytical Food Chemistry, Freising, Germany
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Functional Food and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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12
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Stopyra MA, Friederich HC, Lavandier N, Mönning E, Bendszus M, Herzog W, Simon JJ. Homeostasis and food craving in obesity: a functional MRI study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2464-2470. [PMID: 34404907 PMCID: PMC8528711 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Food intake in obesity has been found to be reward-based and less contingent on homeostatic needs. Accordingly, previous studies investigating neural processing of food cues observed aberrant processing in reward- and control-related brain regions in obesity. To further investigate the relation between homeostasis and food intake, this study investigated the influence of glucose metabolism on the neuronal response during the regulation of food craving in participants with obesity. METHODS Twenty-five normal-weight and 25 women with obesity were examined on two occasions after receiving either water or glucose directly into the stomach using a nasogastric tube. Participants were blinded to the type of infusion and were required to refrain from eating for 16 h before each visit. An event-related fMRI paradigm was used to investigate the effect of intestinal glucose load on the neuronal response during the regulation of food craving. RESULTS A 2 × 2 mixed-model ANOVA revealed that craving regulation was associated with increased activation in fronto-parietal regions in participants with obesity when compared to healthy controls. However, this effect was observed independently from homeostatic satiety. A regression analysis revealed that the reduction of food craving was related to increased activation in the lingual gyrus in individuals with obesity following the infusion of water. CONCLUSIONS In participants with obesity, the neuronal response during the regulation of food craving is associated with increased neural cognitive top-down control and increased visual food processing. Since this observation was independent from satiety status, our results indicate a reduced influence of homeostasis on neural processing during food craving in obesity. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.org: NCT03075371.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Stopyra
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H.-C. Friederich
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N. Lavandier
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E. Mönning
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Bendszus
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W. Herzog
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. J. Simon
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Al-Zubaidi A, Iglesias S, Stephan KE, Buades-Rotger M, Heldmann M, Nolde JM, Kirchner H, Mertins A, Jauch-Chara K, Münte TF. Effects of hunger, satiety and oral glucose on effective connectivity between hypothalamus and insular cortex. Neuroimage 2020; 217:116931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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14
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Peters R, White DJ, Scholey A. Resting state fMRI reveals differential effects of glucose administration on central appetite signalling in young and old adults. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:304-314. [PMID: 31909672 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119894540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy aging has been associated with reduced appetite and lower energy intake, which can lead to loss of bodyweight, undernutrition and related health problems. The causes for the decline in caloric intake are multifactorial, involving physiological and non-physiological processes. AIMS Here we examined the effect of glucose on brain function in healthy adults as well as age-related, physiological changes in brain responses associated with macronutrient intake. METHODS Using a randomized, double-blind, balanced cross-over design, younger (n = 16, aged 21-30) and older (n = 16, aged 55-78) adults received a drink containing glucose and a taste-matched placebo after an overnight fast. Blood glucose and hunger were assessed at baseline and 20 min post-ingestion, after which participants underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Frequency-dependent changes associated with glucose administration in slow-5 (0.01-0.027 Hz) and slow-4 (0.027-0.073 Hz) amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF) of the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal were investigated within the young healthy adults, and then extended to the older age group. Consistent with previous reports, glucose decreased amplitude in slow-5 fALFF within the left orbitofrontal cortex and insular cortex in the young adults. We observed a significant interaction in slow-5 ALFF and fALFF in the left insula, such that younger participants showed a decrease in BOLD amplitude, whereas older participants showed an increase, after glucose administration. We further observed an interaction in slow-4 ALFF in the occipital region and precuneus, with older participants showing an increase in magnitude of slow-4 ALFF and younger participants showing a decrease in the same measure. CONCLUSION These age-related, frequency-dependent changes in the magnitude of the BOLD signal in the insula, a key region related to energy homeostasis following feeding, may point to a change in satiety or homeostatic signalling contributing to behavioural changes in energy intake during senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccarda Peters
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Specht K. Current Challenges in Translational and Clinical fMRI and Future Directions. Front Psychiatry 2020; 10:924. [PMID: 31969840 PMCID: PMC6960120 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational neuroscience is an important field that brings together clinical praxis with neuroscience methods. In this review article, the focus will be on functional neuroimaging (fMRI) and its applicability in clinical fMRI studies. In the light of the "replication crisis," three aspects will be critically discussed: First, the fMRI signal itself, second, current fMRI praxis, and, third, the next generation of analysis strategies. Current attempts such as resting-state fMRI, meta-analyses, and machine learning will be discussed with their advantages and potential pitfalls and disadvantages. One major concern is that the fMRI signal shows substantial within- and between-subject variability, which affects the reliability of both task-related, but in particularly resting-state fMRI studies. Furthermore, the lack of standardized acquisition and analysis methods hinders the further development of clinical relevant approaches. However, meta-analyses and machine-learning approaches may help to overcome current shortcomings in the methods by identifying new, and yet hidden relationships, and may help to build new models on disorder mechanisms. Furthermore, better control of parameters that may have an influence on the fMRI signal and that can easily be controlled for, like blood pressure, heart rate, diet, time of day, might improve reliability substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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