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Scandella V, Petrelli F, Moore DL, Braun SMG, Knobloch M. Neural stem cell metabolism revisited: a critical role for mitochondria. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:446-461. [PMID: 37380501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism has emerged as a key regulator of stem cell behavior. Mitochondria are crucial metabolic organelles that are important for differentiated cells, yet considered less so for stem cells. However, recent studies have shown that mitochondria influence stem cell maintenance and fate decisions, inviting a revised look at this topic. In this review, we cover the current literature addressing the role of mitochondrial metabolism in mouse and human neural stem cells (NSCs) in the embryonic and adult brain. We summarize how mitochondria are implicated in fate regulation and how substrate oxidation affects NSC quiescence. We further explore single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for metabolic signatures of adult NSCs, highlight emerging technologies reporting on metabolic signatures, and discuss mitochondrial metabolism in other stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Scandella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Darcie L Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Simon M G Braun
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marlen Knobloch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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Hossain MM, Belkadi A, Zhou X, DiCicco-Bloom E. Exposure to deltamethrin at the NOAEL causes ER stress and disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:233-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Leisman G. On the Application of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience in Educational Environments. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1501. [PMID: 36358427 PMCID: PMC9688360 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper overviews components of neurologic processing efficiencies to develop innovative methodologies and thinking to school-based applications and changes in educational leadership based on sound findings in the cognitive neurosciences applied to schools and learners. Systems science can allow us to better manage classroom-based learning and instruction on the basis of relatively easily evaluated efficiencies or inefficiencies and optimization instead of simply examining achievement. "Medicalizing" the learning process with concepts such as "learning disability" or employing grading methods such as pass-fail does little to aid in understanding the processes that learners employ to acquire, integrate, remember, and apply information learned. The paper endeavors to overview and provided reference to tools that can be employed that allow a better focus on nervous system-based strategic approaches to classroom learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Leisman
- Movement and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; or
- Department of Neurology, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana, Havana 11300, Cuba
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4
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Nickell CG, Thompson KR, Pauly JR, Nixon K. Recovery of Hippocampal-Dependent Learning Despite Blunting Reactive Adult Neurogenesis After Alcohol Dependence. Brain Plast 2020; 6:83-101. [PMID: 33680848 PMCID: PMC7903006 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The excessive alcohol drinking that occurs in alcohol use disorder (AUD) causes neurodegeneration in regions such as the hippocampus, though recovery may occur after a period of abstinence. Mechanisms of recovery are not clear, though reactive neurogenesis has been observed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus following alcohol dependence and correlates to recovery of granule cell number. Objective: We investigated the role of neurons born during reactive neurogenesis in the recovery of hippocampal learning behavior after 4-day binge alcohol exposure, a model of an AUD. We hypothesized that reducing reactive neurogenesis would impair functional recovery. Methods: Adult male rats were subjected to 4-day binge alcohol exposure and two approaches were tested to blunt reactive adult neurogenesis, acute doses of alcohol or the chemotherapy drug, temozolomide (TMZ). Results: Acute 5 g/kg doses of EtOH gavaged T6 and T7 days post binge did not inhibit significantly the number of Bromodeoxyuridine-positive (BrdU+) proliferating cells in EtOH animals receiving 5 g/kg EtOH versus controls. A single cycle of TMZ inhibited reactive proliferation (BrdU+ cells) and neurogenesis (NeuroD+ cells) to that of controls. However, despite this blunting of reactive neurogenesis to basal levels, EtOH-TMZ rats were not impaired in their recovery of acquisition of the Morris water maze (MWM), learning similarly to all other groups 35 days after 4-day binge exposure. Conclusions: These studies show that TMZ is effective in decreasing reactive proliferation/neurogenesis following 4-day binge EtOH exposure, and baseline levels of adult neurogenesis are sufficient to allow recovery of hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea G Nickell
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - K Ryan Thompson
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | - James R Pauly
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lexington, KY, USA.,The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
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5
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Sarkar T, Patro N, Patro IK. Neuronal changes and cognitive deficits in a multi-hit rat model following cumulative impact of early life stressors. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio054130. [PMID: 32878878 PMCID: PMC7522020 DOI: 10.1242/bio.054130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal protein malnourishment (LP) is a leading cause for mental and physical retardation in children from poor socioeconomic conditions. Such malnourished children are vulnerable to additional stressors that may synergistically act to cause neurological disorders in adulthood. In this study, the above mentioned condition was mimicked via a multi-hit rat model in which pups born to LP mothers were co-injected with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C; viral mimetic) at postnatal day (PND) 3 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS; bacterial mimetic) at PND 9. Individual exposure of Poly I:C and LPS was also given to LP pups to correlate chronicity of stress. Similar treatments were also given to control pups. Hippocampal cellular apoptosis, β III tubulin catastrophe, altered neuronal profiling and spatial memory impairments were assessed at PND 180, using specific immunohistochemical markers (active caspase 3, β III tubulin, doublecortin), golgi studies and cognitive mazes (Morris water maze and T maze). Increase in cellular apoptosis, loss of dendritic arborization and spatial memory impairments were higher in the multi-hit group, than the single-hit groups. Such impairments observed due to multi-hit stress mimicked conditions similar to many neurological disorders and hence, it is hypothesized that later life neurological disorders might be an outcome of multiple early life hits.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiyasha Sarkar
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
| | - Nisha Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
| | - Ishan Kumar Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
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6
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De Gioia R, Biella F, Citterio G, Rizzo F, Abati E, Nizzardo M, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Corti S. Neural Stem Cell Transplantation for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3103. [PMID: 32354178 PMCID: PMC7247151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are disabling and fatal neurological disorders that currently lack effective treatment. Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been studied as a potential therapeutic approach and appears to exert a beneficial effect against neurodegeneration via different mechanisms, such as the production of neurotrophic factors, decreased neuroinflammation, enhanced neuronal plasticity and cell replacement. Thus, NSC transplantation may represent an effective therapeutic strategy. To exploit NSCs' potential, some of their essential biological characteristics must be thoroughly investigated, including the specific markers for NSC subpopulations, to allow profiling and selection. Another key feature is their secretome, which is responsible for the regulation of intercellular communication, neuroprotection, and immunomodulation. In addition, NSCs must properly migrate into the central nervous system (CNS) and integrate into host neuronal circuits, enhancing neuroplasticity. Understanding and modulating these aspects can allow us to further exploit the therapeutic potential of NSCs. Recent progress in gene editing and cellular engineering techniques has opened up the possibility of modifying NSCs to express select candidate molecules to further enhance their therapeutic effects. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding these aspects, promoting the development of stem cell therapies that could be applied safely and effectively in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Gioia
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Biella
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Citterio
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Rizzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Abati
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Nizzardo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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7
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Henriques D, Moreira R, Schwamborn J, Pereira de Almeida L, Mendonça LS. Successes and Hurdles in Stem Cells Application and Production for Brain Transplantation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1194. [PMID: 31802998 PMCID: PMC6877657 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain regenerative strategies through the transplantation of stem cells hold the potential to promote functional rescue of brain lesions caused either by trauma or neurodegenerative diseases. Most of the positive modulations fostered by stem cells are fueled by bystander effects, namely increase of neurotrophic factors levels and reduction of neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the ultimate goal of cell therapies is to promote cell replacement. Therefore, the ability of stem cells to migrate and differentiate into neurons that later become integrated into the host neuronal network replacing the lost neurons has also been largely explored. However, as most of the preclinical studies demonstrate, there is a small functional integration of graft-derived neurons into host neuronal circuits. Thus, it is mandatory to better study the whole brain cell therapy approach in order to understand what should be better comprehended concerning graft-derived neuronal and glial cells migration and integration before we can expect these therapies to be ready as a viable solution for brain disorder treatment. Therefore, this review discusses the positive mechanisms triggered by cell transplantation into the brain, the limitations of adult brain plasticity that might interfere with the neuroregeneration process, as well as some strategies tested to overcome some of these limitations. It also considers the efforts that have been made by the regulatory authorities to lead to better standardization of preclinical and clinical studies in this field in order to reduce the heterogeneity of the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Henriques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jens Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana S Mendonça
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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8
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Gambrill AC, Faulkner RL, McKeown CR, Cline HT. Enhanced visual experience rehabilitates the injured brain in Xenopus tadpoles in an NMDAR-dependent manner. J Neurophysiol 2018; 121:306-320. [PMID: 30517041 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00664.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries introduce functional and structural circuit deficits that must be repaired for an organism to regain function. We developed an injury model in which Xenopus laevis tadpoles are given a penetrating stab wound that damages the optic tectal circuit and impairs visuomotor behavior. In tadpoles, as in other systems, injury induces neurogenesis. The newly generated neurons are thought to integrate into the existing circuit; however, whether they integrate via the same mechanisms that govern normal neuronal maturation during development is not understood. Development of the functional visuomotor circuit in Xenopus is driven by sensory activity. We hypothesized that enhanced visual experience would improve recovery from injury by facilitating integration of newly generated neurons into the tectal circuit. We labeled newly generated neurons in the injured tectum by green fluorescent protein expression and examined their circuit integration using electrophysiology and in vivo imaging. Providing animals with brief bouts of enhanced visual experience starting 24 h after injury increased synaptogenesis and circuit integration of new neurons and facilitated behavioral recovery. To investigate mechanisms of neuronal integration and behavioral recovery after injury, we interfered with N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function. Ifenprodil, which blocks GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors, impaired dendritic arbor elaboration. GluN2B blockade inhibited functional integration of neurons generated in response to injury and prevented behavioral recovery. Furthermore, tectal GluN2B knockdown blocked the beneficial effects of enhanced visual experience on functional plasticity and behavioral recovery. We conclude that visual experience-mediated rehabilitation of the injured tectal circuit occurs by GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor-dependent integration of newly generated neurons. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recovery from brain injury is difficult in most systems. The study of regenerative animal models that are capable of injury repair can provide insight into cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying repair. Using Xenopus tadpoles, we show enhanced sensory experience rehabilitates the injured visual circuit and that this experience-dependent recovery depends on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor function. Understanding the mechanisms of rehabilitation in this system may facilitate recovery in brain regions and systems where repair is currently impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Gambrill
- Department of Neuroscience, the Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California
| | - Regina L Faulkner
- Department of Neuroscience, the Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California
| | - Caroline R McKeown
- Department of Neuroscience, the Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California
| | - Hollis T Cline
- Department of Neuroscience, the Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California
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9
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Farzi-Molan A, Babashah S, Bakhshinejad B, Atashi A, Fakhr Taha M. Down-regulation of the non-coding RNA H19 and its derived miR-675 is concomitant with up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor type 1 during neural-like differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:940-948. [PMID: 29512257 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into specific lineages offers new opportunities to use the therapeutic efficiency of these pluripotent cells in regenerative medicine. Multiple lines of evidence have revealed that non-coding RNAs play major roles in the differentiation of BMSCs into neural cells. Here, we applied a cocktail of neural inducing factors (NIFs) to differentiate BMSCs into neural-like cells. Our data demonstrated that during neurogenic induction, BMSCs obtained a neuron-like morphology. Also, the results of gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR showed progressively increasing expression levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as well as microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and immunocytochemical staining detected the expression of these neuron-specific markers along differentiated BMSC bodies and cytoplasmic processes, confirming the differentiation of BMSCs into neuronal lineages. We also compared differences in the expression levels of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 and H19-derived miR-675 between undifferentiated and neurally differentiated BMSCs and found that during neural differentiation down-regulation of the lncRNA H19/miR-675 axis is concomitant with up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor type-1 (IGF-1R), a well-established target of miR-675 involved in neurogenesis. The findings of the current study provide support for the hypothesis that miR-675 may confer functionality to H19, suggesting a key role for this miRNA in the neural differentiation of BSMCs. However, further investigation is required to gain deeper insights into the biological roles of this miRNA in the complex process of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Farzi-Molan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Fakhr Taha
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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10
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Ma MW, Wang J, Zhang Q, Wang R, Dhandapani KM, Vadlamudi RK, Brann DW. NADPH oxidase in brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:7. [PMID: 28095923 PMCID: PMC5240251 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, as well as in ischemic and traumatic brain injury. The brain is highly vulnerable to oxidative damage due to its high metabolic demand. However, therapies attempting to scavenge free radicals have shown little success. By shifting the focus to inhibit the generation of damaging free radicals, recent studies have identified NADPH oxidase as a major contributor to disease pathology. NADPH oxidase has the primary function to generate free radicals. In particular, there is growing evidence that the isoforms NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 can be upregulated by a variety of neurodegenerative factors. The majority of recent studies have shown that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of NADPH oxidase enzymes are neuroprotective and able to reduce detrimental aspects of pathology following ischemic and traumatic brain injury, as well as in chronic neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to summarize evidence supporting the role of NADPH oxidase in the pathology of these neurological disorders, explores pharmacological strategies of targeting this major oxidative stress pathway, and outlines obstacles that need to be overcome for successful translation of these therapies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry W Ma
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Medical Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Darrell W Brann
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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11
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Lee JH, Zhang J, Yu SP. Neuroprotective mechanisms and translational potential of therapeutic hypothermia in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:341-350. [PMID: 28469636 PMCID: PMC5399699 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.202915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death, yet effective treatments for acute stroke has been very limited. Thus far, tissue plasminogen activator has been the only FDA-approved drug for thrombolytic treatment of ischemic stroke patients, yet its application is only applicable to less than 4–5% of stroke patients due to the narrow therapeutic window (< 4.5 hours after the onset of stroke) and the high risk of hemorrhagic transformation. Emerging evidence from basic and clinical studies has shown that therapeutic hypothermia, also known as targeted temperature management, can be a promising therapy for patients with different types of stroke. Moreover, the success in animal models using pharmacologically induced hypothermia (PIH) has gained increasing momentum for clinical translation of hypothermic therapy. This review provides an updated overview of the mechanisms and protective effects of therapeutic hypothermia, as well as the recent development and findings behind PIH treatment. It is expected that a safe and effective hypothermic therapy has a high translational potential for clinical treatment of patients with stroke and other CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Veteran's Affair Medical Center, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Veteran's Affair Medical Center, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Veteran's Affair Medical Center, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Pytte CL. Adult Neurogenesis in the Songbird: Region-Specific Contributions of New Neurons to Behavioral Plasticity and Stability. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2016; 87:191-204. [PMID: 27560148 DOI: 10.1159/000447048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of new neurons in learning and encoding new information has been largely based on studies of new neurons in the mammalian dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb - brain regions that may be specialized for learning. Thus the role of new neurons in regions that serve other functions has yet to be fully explored. The song system provides a model for studying new neuron function in brain regions that contribute differently to song learning, song auditory discrimination, and song motor production. These regions subserve learning as well as long-term storage of previously learned information. This review examines the differences between learning-based and activity-based retention of new neurons and explores the potential contributions of new neurons to behavioral stability in the song motor production pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L Pytte
- Psychology Department, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, N.Y., USA
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13
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Schneider R, Koop B, Schröter F, Cline J, Ingwersen J, Berndt C, Hartung HP, Aktas O, Prozorovski T. Activation of Wnt signaling promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:53. [PMID: 27480121 PMCID: PMC4969720 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), as one of its animal models, is characterized by demyelination and neuronal damage in white and gray matter structures, including the hippocampus. It is thought that dysfunction of the hippocampus, a primary locus of learning and memory consolidation, may contribute to cognitive impairment in MS patients. Previously, we reported an increased generation of hippocampal neuronal progenitors in the acute stage of EAE, whereas the microenvironmental signals triggering this process remained uninvestigated. Results In the present study, we used the Wnt signaling reporter mouse Axin2LacZ, to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of the hippocampal neurogenic niche upon autoimmune neuroinflammation. Histological and enzymatic examinations of β-gal during the disease course of EAE, allowed us to survey hippocampal Wnt/β-catenin activity, one of the key signaling pathways of adult neurogenesis. We found that Wnt signaling is transiently upregulated in the acute stage of disease, consistent with a timely induction of canonical Wnt ligands. The enhancement of signaling coincided with hippocampal neuronal damage and local expression of immune cytokines such as TNFα and IFNγ, implicating the role of the inflammatory milieu in activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Supporting this finding, we show that transient exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα triggers Wnt signaling in hippocampal organotypic slice cultures. Importantly, inflammation-mediated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was associated with enhanced neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo, indicating its potential role in hippocampal tissue regeneration and repair. Conclusions This study raises the possibility that enhancement of Wnt signaling may support neurogenic processes to cope with neuronal deficits upon immune-mediated neuroinflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0117-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Koop
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Friederike Schröter
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Present address: Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jason Cline
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Ingwersen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Tim Prozorovski
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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14
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Kim JY, Choi K, Shaker MR, Lee JH, Lee B, Lee E, Park JY, Lim MS, Park CH, Shin KS, Kim H, Geum D, Sun W. Promotion of Cortical Neurogenesis from the Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Mouse Subcallosal Zone. Stem Cells 2016; 34:888-901. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yeon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Biomedical Science; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Kyuhyun Choi
- Department of Biology; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed R. Shaker
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Biomedical Science; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Biomedical Science; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Biomedical Science; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Eunsoo Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Biomedical Science; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Lim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute
- Department of Microbiology; College of Medicine, Hanyang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Ki Soon Shin
- Department of Biology; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Biomedical Science; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Dongho Geum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Biomedical Science; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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15
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Bang SA, Song YS, Moon BS, Lee BC, Lee HY, Kim JM, Kim SE. Neuropsychological, Metabolic, and GABAA Receptor Studies in Subjects with Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2015; 33:1005-14. [PMID: 26414498 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive traumatic brain injury (rTBI) occurs as a result of mild and accumulative brain damage. A prototype of rTBI is chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which is a degenerative disease that occurs in patients with histories of multiple concussions or head injuries. Boxers have been the most commonly studied patient group because they may experience thousands of subconcussive hits over the course of a career. This study examined the consequences of rTBI with structural brain imaging and biomolecular imaging and investigated whether the neuropsychological features of rTBI were related to the findings of the imaging studies. Five retired professional boxers (mean age, 46.8 ± 3.19 years) and four age-matched controls (mean age, 48.5 ± 3.32 years) were studied. Cognitive-motor related functional impairment was assessed, and all subjects underwent neuropsychological evaluation and behavioral tasks, as well as structural brain imaging and functional-molecular imaging. In neuropsychological tests, boxers showed deficits in delayed retrieval of visuospatial memory and motor coordination, which had a meaningful relationship with biomolecular imaging results indicative of neuronal injury. Morphometric abnormalities were not found in professional boxers by structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Glucose metabolism was impaired in frontal areas associated with cognitive dysfunction, similar to findings in Alzheimer's disease. Low binding potential (BP) of (18)F-flumazenil (FMZ) was found in the angular gyrus and temporal cortical regions, revealing neuronal deficits. These results suggested that cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction reflect chronic damage to neurons in professional boxers with rTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ae Bang
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Sung Song
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Seok Moon
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,4 Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology , Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- 5 Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,3 Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology , Suwon, Republic of Korea
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16
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Functional Integration of Adult-Born Hippocampal Neurons after Traumatic Brain Injury(1,2,3). eNeuro 2015; 2:eN-NWR-0056-15. [PMID: 26478908 PMCID: PMC4603252 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0056-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases hippocampal neurogenesis, which may contribute to cognitive recovery after injury. However, it is unknown whether TBI-induced adult-born neurons mature normally and functionally integrate into the hippocampal network. We assessed the generation, morphology, and synaptic integration of new hippocampal neurons after a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury model of TBI. To label TBI-induced newborn neurons, we used 2-month-old POMC-EGFP mice, which transiently and specifically express EGFP in immature hippocampal neurons, and doublecortin-CreERT2 transgenic mice crossed with Rosa26-CAG-tdTomato reporter mice, to permanently pulse-label a cohort of adult-born hippocampal neurons. TBI increased the generation, outward migration, and dendritic complexity of neurons born during post-traumatic neurogenesis. Cells born after TBI had profound alterations in their dendritic structure, with increased dendritic branching proximal to the soma and widely splayed dendritic branches. These changes were apparent during early dendritic outgrowth and persisted as these cells matured. Whole-cell recordings from neurons generated during post-traumatic neurogenesis demonstrate that they are excitable and functionally integrate into the hippocampal circuit. However, despite their dramatic morphologic abnormalities, we found no differences in the rate of their electrophysiological maturation, or their overall degree of synaptic integration when compared to age-matched adult-born cells from sham mice. Our results suggest that cells born after TBI participate in information processing, and receive an apparently normal balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. However, TBI-induced changes in their anatomic localization and dendritic projection patterns could result in maladaptive network properties.
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17
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Embryonic neural stem cells in a 3D bioassay for trophic stimulation studies. Brain Res Bull 2015; 115:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Wojsiat J, Prandelli C, Laskowska-Kaszub K, Martín-Requero A, Wojda U. Oxidative Stress and Aberrant Cell Cycle in Alzheimer’s Disease Lymphocytes: Diagnostic Prospects. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 46:329-50. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-141977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wojsiat
- Laboratory of Preclinical Studies of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chiara Prandelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Laskowska-Kaszub
- Laboratory of Preclinical Studies of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angeles Martín-Requero
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Urszula Wojda
- Laboratory of Preclinical Studies of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Peretto P, Bonfanti L. Adult neurogenesis 20 years later: physiological function vs. brain repair. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:71. [PMID: 25798084 PMCID: PMC4351634 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Peretto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Orbassano, Italy ; Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Bonfanti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Orbassano, Italy ; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin Torino, Italy
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20
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Peretto P, Bonfanti L. Major unsolved points in adult neurogenesis: doors open on a translational future? Front Neurosci 2014; 8:154. [PMID: 24966812 PMCID: PMC4052043 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of many data gathered during the last two decades on adult neurogenesis (AN) it is evident that such knowledge is not sufficient for granting translational outcomes in brain repair, especially if the ultimate goal is to promote cell replacement. Alternative strategies aimed at fostering AN physiological functions (restorative approaches) are still undefined. By asking the question whether AN research field has to be considered as a dead end in the context of brain repair, here we review some unresolved issues: multifaceted evolutionary constraints in mammals, stem/progenitor cell type/availability and tissue permissivity, impact on other brain functions, interplay with other forms of plasticity, and relevance in humans. We suggest that full understanding of AN biology is an essential step for its possible exploitation in brain repair, and that further fundamental, multidisciplinary research is required to reach translational outcomes. Scientist's attitude and their communication skills are also important. To avoid overestimation of AN reparative potential in a translational perspective, more distant goals of cell replacement should be kept clearly distinct from restorative approaches involving AN functional plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Peretto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Orbassano, Italy ; Department of Life Sciences and System Biology, University of Turin Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Bonfanti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Orbassano, Italy ; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin Torino, Italy
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