1
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Wu S, Lin W. The physiological role of the unfolded protein response in the nervous system. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2411-2420. [PMID: 38526277 PMCID: PMC11090440 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.393105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular stress response pathway activated when the endoplasmic reticulum, a crucial organelle for protein folding and modification, encounters an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins. The UPR aims to restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by enhancing protein folding capacity, reducing protein biosynthesis, and promoting protein degradation. It also plays a pivotal role in coordinating signaling cascades to determine cell fate and function in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Recent research has highlighted the significance of the UPR not only in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis but also in influencing various physiological processes in the nervous system. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings that underscore the UPR's involvement in preserving the function and viability of neuronal and myelinating cells under physiological conditions, and highlight the critical role of the UPR in brain development, memory storage, retinal cone development, myelination, and maintenance of myelin thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangchan Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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2
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Wylezinski LS, Sesler CL, Shaginurova GI, Grigorenko EV, Wohlgemuth JG, Cockerill FR, Racke MK, Spurlock CF. Machine Learning Analysis Using RNA Sequencing to Distinguish Neuromyelitis Optica from Multiple Sclerosis and Identify Therapeutic Candidates. J Mol Diagn 2024; 26:520-529. [PMID: 38522839 PMCID: PMC11163981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify RNA biomarkers distinguishing neuromyelitis optica (NMO) from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and explore potential therapeutic applications leveraging machine learning (ML). An ensemble approach was developed using differential gene expression analysis and competitive ML methods, interrogating total RNA-sequencing data sets from peripheral whole blood of treatment-naïve patients with RRMS and NMO and healthy individuals. Pathway analysis of candidate biomarkers informed the biological context of disease, transcription factor activity, and small-molecule therapeutic potential. ML models differentiated between patients with NMO and RRMS, with the performance of certain models exceeding 90% accuracy. RNA biomarkers driving model performance were associated with ribosomal dysfunction and viral infection. Regulatory networks of kinases and transcription factors identified biological associations and identified potential therapeutic targets. Small-molecule candidates capable of reversing perturbed gene expression were uncovered. Mitoxantrone and vorinostat-two identified small molecules with previously reported use in patients with NMO and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-reinforced discovered expression signatures and highlighted the potential to identify new therapeutic candidates. Putative RNA biomarkers were identified that accurately distinguish NMO from RRMS and healthy individuals. The application of multivariate approaches in analysis of RNA-sequencing data further enhances the discovery of unique RNA biomarkers, accelerating the development of new methods for disease detection, monitoring, and therapeutics. Integrating biological understanding further enhances detection of disease-specific signatures and possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz S Wylezinski
- Decode Health, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | - Jay G Wohlgemuth
- Quest Diagnostics, Secaucus, New Jersey; Trusted Health Advisors, San Juan Capistrano, California
| | - Franklin R Cockerill
- Decode Health, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee; Trusted Health Advisors, San Juan Capistrano, California; Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Charles F Spurlock
- Decode Health, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Wagner School of Public Service, New York University, New York, New York.
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3
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Vidicevic S, Tasic J, Stanojevic Z, Ciric D, Martinovic T, Paunovic V, Petricevic S, Tomonjic N, Isakovic A, Trajkovic V. Endoplasmic reticulum stress response in immune cells contributes to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis in rats. Immunol Lett 2024; 267:106855. [PMID: 38537720 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
We examined the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the ensuing unfolded protein response (UPR) in the development of the central nervous system (CNS)-directed immune response in the rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The induction of EAE with syngeneic spinal cord homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) caused a time-dependent increase in the expression of ER stress/UPR markers glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) in the draining lymph nodes of both EAE-susceptible Dark Agouti (DA) and EAE-resistant Albino Oxford (AO) rats. However, the increase in ER stress markers was more pronounced in AO rats. CFA alone also induced ER stress, but the effect was weaker and less sustained compared to full immunization. The ultrastructural analysis of DA lymph node tissue by electron microscopy revealed ER dilatation in lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells, while immunoblot analysis of CD3-sorted lymph node cells demonstrated the increase in ER stress/UPR markers in both CD3+ (T cell) and CD3- (non-T) cell compartments. A positive correlation was observed between the levels of ER stress/UPR markers in the CNS-infiltrated mononuclear cells and the clinical activity of the disease. Finally, the reduction of EAE clinical signs by ER stress inhibitor ursodeoxycholic acid was associated with the decrease in the expression of mRNA encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1β, and encephalitogenic T cell cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17. Collectively, our data indicate that ER stress response in immune cells might be an important pathogenetic factor and a valid therapeutic target in the inflammatory damage of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasenka Vidicevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Tasic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zeljka Stanojevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Darko Ciric
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Martinovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasa Petricevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Tomonjic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Isakovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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4
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Gingele S, Möllenkamp TM, Henkel F, Schröder L, Hümmert MW, Skripuletz T, Stangel M, Gudi V. Automated analysis of gray matter damage in aged mice reveals impaired remyelination in the cuprizone model. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13218. [PMID: 37927164 PMCID: PMC10901622 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by myelin loss, axonal damage, and glial scar formation. Still, the underlying processes remain unclear, as numerous pathways and factors have been found to be involved in the development and progression of the disease. Therefore, it is of great importance to find suitable animal models as well as reliable methods for their precise and reproducible analysis. Here, we describe the impact of demyelination on clinically relevant gray matter regions of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, using the previously established cuprizone model for aged mice. We could show that bioinformatic image analysis methods are not only suitable for quantification of cell populations, but also for the assessment of de- and remyelination processes, as numerous objective parameters can be considered for reproducible measurements. After cuprizone-induced demyelination, subsequent remyelination proceeded slowly and remained incomplete in all gray matter areas studied. There were regional differences in the number of mature oligodendrocytes during remyelination suggesting region-specific differences in the factors accounting for remyelination failure, as, even in the presence of oligodendrocytes, remyelination in the cortex was found to be impaired. Upon cuprizone administration, synaptic density and dendritic volume in the gray matter of aged mice decreased. The intensity of synaptophysin staining gradually restored during the subsequent remyelination phase, however the expression of MAP2 did not fully recover. Microgliosis persisted in the gray matter of aged animals throughout the remyelination period, whereas extensive astrogliosis was of short duration as compared to white matter structures. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the application of the cuprizone model in aged mice mimics the impaired regeneration ability seen in human pathogenesis more accurately than commonly used protocols with young mice and therefore provides an urgently needed animal model for the investigation of remyelination failure and remyelination-enhancing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gingele
- Department of NeurologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | | | - Florian Henkel
- Department of NeurologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | | | | | | | - Martin Stangel
- Department of NeurologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- Department of Translational Medicine NeuroscienceNovartis Institute for BioMedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Viktoria Gudi
- Department of NeurologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
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Rahane D, Dhingra T, Chalavady G, Datta A, Ghosh B, Rana N, Borah A, Saraf S, Bhattacharya P. Hypoxia and its effect on the cellular system. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3940. [PMID: 38379257 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells utilize oxygen for different functions of cell organelles owing to cellular survival. A balanced oxygen homeostasis is an essential requirement to maintain the regulation of normal cellular systems. Any changes in the oxygen level are stressful and can alter the expression of different homeostasis regulatory genes and proteins. Lack of oxygen or hypoxia results in oxidative stress and formation of hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Substantial cellular damages due to hypoxia have been reported to play a major role in various pathological conditions. There are different studies which demonstrated that the functions of cellular system are disrupted by hypoxia. Currently, study on cellular effects following hypoxia is an important field of research as it not only helps to decipher different signaling pathway modulation, but also helps to explore novel therapeutic strategies. On the basis of the beneficial effect of hypoxia preconditioning of cellular organelles, many therapeutic investigations are ongoing as a promising disease management strategy in near future. Hence, the present review discusses about the effects of hypoxia on different cellular organelles, mechanisms and their involvement in the progression of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Rahane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Tannu Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Guruswami Chalavady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Bijoyani Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Nikita Rana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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6
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Al-kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Saad HM, Batiha GES, Klionsky DJ. The beneficial role of autophagy in multiple sclerosis: Yes or No? Autophagy 2024; 20:259-274. [PMID: 37712858 PMCID: PMC10813579 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2259281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) due to an increase of abnormal peripherally auto-reactive T lymphocytes which elicit autoimmunity. The main pathophysiology of MS is myelin sheath damage by immune cells and a defect in the generation of myelin by oligodendrocytes. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a critical degradation process that eliminates dysfunctional or superfluous cellular components. Autophagy has the property of a double-edged sword in MS in that it may have both beneficial and detrimental effects on MS neuropathology. Therefore, this review illustrates the protective and harmful effects of autophagy with regard to this disease. Autophagy prevents the progression of MS by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders. In contrast, over-activated autophagy is associated with the progression of MS neuropathology and in this case the use of autophagy inhibitors may alleviate the pathogenesis of MS. Furthermore, autophagy provokes the activation of different immune and supporting cells that play an intricate role in the pathogenesis of MS. Autophagy functions in the modulation of MS neuropathology by regulating cell proliferation related to demyelination and remyelination. Autophagy enhances remyelination by increasing the activity of oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. However, autophagy induces demyelination by activating microglia and T cells. In conclusion, specific autophagic activators of oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, and specific autophagic inhibitors of dendritic cells (DCs), microglia and T cells induce protective effects against the pathogenesis of MS.Abbreviations: ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; APCs: antigen-presenting cells; BBB: blood-brain barrier; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; CNS: central nervous system; DCs: dendritic cells; EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; MS: multiple sclerosis; NCA: non-canonical autophagy; OCBs: oligoclonal bands; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PD: Parkinson disease; ROS: reactive oxygen species; UPR: unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Baghdad
| | - Majid S. Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Baghdad
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El Beheira, Egypt
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7
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Lei Z, Lin W. Mechanisms Governing Oligodendrocyte Viability in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models. Cells 2024; 13:116. [PMID: 38247808 PMCID: PMC10814231 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which is triggered by an autoimmune assault targeting oligodendrocytes and myelin. Recent research indicates that the demise of oligodendrocytes due to an autoimmune attack contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). A key challenge in MS research lies in comprehending the mechanisms governing oligodendrocyte viability and devising therapeutic approaches to enhance oligodendrocyte survival. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings that highlight the contributions of oligodendrocyte death to the development of MS and EAE and summarize the current literature on the mechanisms governing oligodendrocyte viability in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Lei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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8
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Yousuf MS, Sahn JJ, Yang H, David ET, Shiers S, Mancilla Moreno M, Iketem J, Royer DM, Garcia CD, Zhang J, Hong VM, Mian SM, Ahmad A, Kolber BJ, Liebl DJ, Martin SF, Price TJ. Highly specific σ 2R/TMEM97 ligand FEM-1689 alleviates neuropathic pain and inhibits the integrated stress response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306090120. [PMID: 38117854 PMCID: PMC10756276 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306090120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The sigma 2 receptor (σ2R) was described pharmacologically more than three decades ago, but its molecular identity remained obscure until recently when it was identified as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97). We and others have shown that σ2R/TMEM97 ligands alleviate mechanical hypersensitivity in mouse neuropathic pain models with a time course wherein maximal antinociceptive effect is approximately 24 h following dosing. We sought to understand this unique antineuropathic pain effect by addressing two key questions: do these σ2R/TMEM97 compounds act selectively via the receptor, and what is their downstream mechanism on nociceptive neurons? Using male and female conventional knockout mice for Tmem97, we find that a σ2R/TMEM97 binding compound, FEM-1689, requires the presence of the gene to produce antinociception in the spared nerve injury model in mice. Using primary mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons, we demonstrate that FEM-1689 inhibits the integrated stress response (ISR) and promotes neurite outgrowth via a σ2R/TMEM97-specific action. We extend the clinical translational value of these findings by showing that FEM-1689 reduces ISR and p-eIF2α levels in human sensory neurons and that it alleviates the pathogenic engagement of ISR by methylglyoxal. We also demonstrate that σ2R/TMEM97 is expressed in human nociceptors and satellite glial cells. These results validate σ2R/TMEM97 as a promising target for further development for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Yousuf
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
- NuvoNuro Inc., Austin, TX78712
| | - James J. Sahn
- NuvoNuro Inc., Austin, TX78712
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Hongfen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Eric T. David
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Marisol Mancilla Moreno
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Jonathan Iketem
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Danielle M. Royer
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Chelsea D. Garcia
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Jennifer Zhang
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Veronica M. Hong
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Subhaan M. Mian
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Ayesha Ahmad
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Benedict J. Kolber
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Daniel J. Liebl
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
| | - Stephen F. Martin
- NuvoNuro Inc., Austin, TX78712
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Theodore J. Price
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
- NuvoNuro Inc., Austin, TX78712
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Bracchi-Ricard V, Nguyen K, Ricci D, Gaudette B, Henao-Meija J, Brambilla R, Martynyuk T, Gidalevitz T, Allman D, Bethea JR, Argon Y. Increased activity of IRE1 improves the clinical presentation of EAE. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23283. [PMID: 37983957 PMCID: PMC10662669 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300769rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) contributes to neuronal development and is known to induce neuronal remodeling in vitro and in vivo. On the contrary, excessive IRE1 activity is often detrimental and may contribute to neurodegeneration. To determine the consequences of increased activation of IRE1α, we used a mouse model expressing a C148S variant of IRE1α with increased and sustained activation. Surprisingly, the mutation did not affect the differentiation of highly secretory antibody-producing cells but exhibited a beneficial effect in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Although mechanical allodynia was unaffected, significant improvement in motor function was found in IRE1C148S mice with EAE relative to wild type (WT) mice. Coincident with this improvement, there was reduced microgliosis in the spinal cord of IRE1C148S mice, with reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes. This was accompanied by reduced axonal degeneration and enhanced 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) levels, suggesting improved myelin integrity. Interestingly, while the IRE1C148S mutation is expressed in all cells, the reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and in the microglial activation marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (IBA1), along with preservation of phagocytic gene expression, all point to microglia as the cell type contributing to the clinical improvement in IRE1C148S animals. Our data suggest that sustained increase in IRE1α activity can be beneficial in vivo, and that this protection is cell type and context dependent. Considering the overwhelming but conflicting evidence for the role of ER stress in neurological diseases, a better understanding of the function of ER stress sensors in physiological contexts is clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniela Ricci
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Gaudette
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Meija
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE - Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - David Allman
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John R. Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yair Argon
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Rajendran R, Rajendran V, Böttiger G, Stadelmann C, Shirvanchi K, von Au L, Bhushan S, Wallendszus N, Schunin D, Westbrock V, Liebisch G, Ergün S, Karnati S, Berghoff M. The small molecule fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor infigratinib exerts anti-inflammatory effects and remyelination in a model of multiple sclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2989-3007. [PMID: 37400950 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fibroblast growth factors and receptors (FGFR) have been shown to modulate inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). The selective FGFR inhibitor infigratinib has been shown to be effective in cancer models. Here, we investigate the effects of infigratinib on prevention and suppression of first clinical episodes of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 -induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The FGFR inhibitor infigratinib was given over 10 days from the time of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction or the onset of symptoms. The effects of infigratinib on proliferation, cytotoxicity and FGFR signalling proteins were studied in lymphocyte cell lines and microglial cells. KEY RESULTS Administration of infigratinib prevented by 40% and inhibited by 65% first clinical episodes of the induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In the spinal cord, infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages/microglia, destruction of myelin and axons were reduced by infigratinib. Infigratinib enhanced the maturation of oligodendrocytes and increased remyelination. In addition, infigratinib resulted in an increase of myelin proteins and a decrease in remyelination inhibitors. Further, lipids associated with neurodegeneration such as lysophosphatidylcholine and ceramide were decreased as were proliferation of T cells and microglial cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This proof of concept study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of targeting FGFRs in a disease model of multiple sclerosis. Application of oral infigratinib resulted in anti-inflammatory and remyelinating effects. Thus, infigratinib may have the potential to slow disease progression or even to improve the disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjithkumar Rajendran
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vinothkumar Rajendran
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gregor Böttiger
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kian Shirvanchi
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Laureen von Au
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sudhanshu Bhushan
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Natascha Wallendszus
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Darja Schunin
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Victor Westbrock
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Berghoff
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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11
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Withana M, Castorina A. Potential Crosstalk between the PACAP/VIP Neuropeptide System and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Relevance to Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology. Cells 2023; 12:2633. [PMID: 37998368 PMCID: PMC10670126 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by focal demyelination and chronic inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). Although the exact etiology is unclear, mounting evidence indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress represents a key event in disease pathogenesis. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are two structurally related neuropeptides that are abundant in the CNS and are known to exert neuroprotective and immune modulatory roles. Activation of this endogenous neuropeptide system may interfere with ER stress processes to promote glial cell survival and myelin self-repair. However, the potential crosstalk between the PACAP/VIP system and ER stress remains elusive. In this review, we aim to discuss how these peptides ameliorate ER stress in the CNS, with a focus on MS pathology. Our goal is to emphasize the importance of this potential interaction to aid in the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of MS and other demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
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12
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Yousuf MS, Sahn JJ, Yang H, David ET, Shiers S, Moreno MM, Iketem J, Royer DM, Garcia CD, Zhang J, Hong VM, Mian SM, Ahmad A, Kolber BJ, Liebl DJ, Martin SF, Price TJ. Highly specific σ 2R/TMEM97 ligand alleviates neuropathic pain and inhibits the integrated stress response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.11.536439. [PMID: 37090527 PMCID: PMC10120691 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.11.536439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The Sigma 2 receptor (σ2R) was described pharmacologically more than three decades ago, but its molecular identity remained obscure until recently when it was identified as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97). We and others have shown that σ2R/TMEM97 ligands alleviate mechanical hypersensitivity in mouse neuropathic pain models with a time course wherein maximal anti-nociceptive effect is approximately 24 hours following dosing. We sought to understand this unique anti-neuropathic pain effect by addressing two key questions: do these σ2R/TMEM97 compounds act selectively via the receptor, and what is their downstream mechanism on nociceptive neurons? Using male and female conventional knockout (KO) mice for Tmem97, we find that a new σ2R/TMEM97 binding compound, FEM-1689, requires the presence of the gene to produce anti-nociception in the spared nerve injury model in mice. Using primary mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, we demonstrate that FEM-1689 inhibits the integrated stress response (ISR) and promotes neurite outgrowth via a σ2R/TMEM97-specific action. We extend the clinical translational value of these findings by showing that FEM-1689 reduces ISR and p-eIF2α levels in human sensory neurons and that it alleviates the pathogenic engagement of ISR by methylglyoxal. We also demonstrate that σ2R/TMEM97 is expressed in human nociceptors and satellite glial cells. These results validate σ2R/TMEM97 as a promising target for further development for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Yousuf
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
- NuvoNuro, Austin, TX 78712
| | - James J. Sahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- NuvoNuro, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Hongfen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Eric T. David
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Marisol Mancilla Moreno
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Jonathan Iketem
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Danielle M. Royer
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Chelsea D. Garcia
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Jennifer Zhang
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Veronica M. Hong
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Subhaan M. Mian
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Ayesha Ahmad
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Benedict J. Kolber
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | | | - Stephen F. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- NuvoNuro, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Theodore J. Price
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
- NuvoNuro, Austin, TX 78712
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13
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Fan LY, Yang J, Liu RY, Kong Y, Guo GY, Xu YM. Integrating single-nucleus sequence profiling to reveal the transcriptional dynamics of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:649. [PMID: 37735671 PMCID: PMC10515258 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are three nervous system diseases that partially overlap clinically and genetically. However, bulk RNA-sequencing did not accurately detect the core pathogenic molecules in them. The availability of high-quality single cell RNA-sequencing data of post-mortem brain collections permits the generation of a large-scale gene expression in different cells in human brain, focusing on the molecular features and relationships between diseases and genes. We integrated single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) datasets of human brains with AD, PD, and MS to identify transcriptomic commonalities and distinctions among them. METHODS The snRNA-seq datasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The Seurat package was used for snRNA-seq data processing. The uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) were utilized for cluster identification. The FindMarker function in Seurat was used to identify the differently expressed genes. Functional enrichment analysis was carried out using the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene ontology (GO). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was analyzed using STRING database ( http://string-db.org ). SCENIC analysis was performed using utilizing pySCENIC (v0.10.0) based on the hg19-tss-centered-10 kb-10species databases. The analysis of potential therapeutic drugs was analyzed on Connectivity Map ( https://clue.io ). RESULTS The gene regulatory network analysis identified several hub genes regulated in AD, PD, and MS, in which HSPB1 and HSPA1A were key molecules. These upregulated HSP family genes interact with ribosome genes in AD and MS, and with immunomodulatory genes in PD. We further identified several transcriptional regulators (SPI1, CEBPA, TFE3, GRHPR, and TP53) of the hub genes, which has important implications for uncovering the molecular crosstalk among AD, PD, and MS. Arctigenin was identified as a potential therapeutic drug for AD, PD, and MS. CONCLUSIONS Together, the integrated snRNA-seq data and findings have significant implications for unraveling the shared and unique molecular crosstalk among AD, PD, and MS. HSPB1 and HSPA1A as promising targets involved in the pathological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, the identification of arctigenin as a potential therapeutic drug for AD, PD, and MS further highlights its potential in treating these neurological disorders. These discoveries lay the groundwork for future research and interventions to enhance our understanding and treatment of AD, PD, and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guang-Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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14
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Wilkins JM, Gakh O, Guo Y, Popescu B, Staff NP, Lucchinetti CF. Biomolecular alterations detected in multiple sclerosis skin fibroblasts using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1223912. [PMID: 37744877 PMCID: PMC10512183 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1223912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults. New avenues are needed to help predict individuals at risk for developing MS and aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and outcome of therapeutic treatments. Previously, we showed that skin fibroblasts derived from patients with MS have altered signatures of cell stress and bioenergetics, which likely reflects changes in their protein, lipid, and biochemical profiles. Here, we used Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine if the biochemical landscape of MS skin fibroblasts were altered when compared to age- and sex-matched controls (CTRL). More so, we sought to determine if FTIR spectroscopic signatures detected in MS skin fibroblasts are disease specific by comparing them to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) skin fibroblasts. Spectral profiling of skin fibroblasts from MS individuals suggests significant alterations in lipid and protein organization and homeostasis, which may be affecting metabolic processes, cellular organization, and oxidation status. Sparse partial least squares-discriminant analysis of spectral profiles show that CTRL skin fibroblasts segregate well from diseased cells and that changes in MS and ALS may be unique. Differential changes in the spectral profile of CTRL, MS, and ALS cells support the development of FTIR spectroscopy to detect biomolecular modifications in patient-derived skin fibroblasts, which may eventually help establish novel peripheral biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleksandr Gakh
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Bogdan Popescu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Nathan P. Staff
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Claudia F. Lucchinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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15
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Chen Y, Quan S, Patil V, Kunjamma RB, Tokars HM, Leisten ED, Joy G, Wills S, Chan JR, Wong YC, Popko B. Insights into the mechanism of oligodendrocyte protection and remyelination enhancement by the integrated stress response. Glia 2023; 71:2180-2195. [PMID: 37203250 PMCID: PMC10681276 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
central nervous system (CNS) inflammation triggers activation of the integrated stress response (ISR). We previously reported that prolonging the ISR protects remyelinating oligodendrocytes and promotes remyelination in the presence of inflammation. However, the exact mechanisms through which this occurs remain unknown. Here, we investigated whether the ISR modulator Sephin1 in combination with the oligodendrocyte differentiation enhancing reagent bazedoxifene (BZA) is able to accelerate remyelination under inflammation, and the underlying mechanisms mediating this pathway. We find that the combined treatment of Sephin1 and BZA is sufficient to accelerate early-stage remyelination in mice with ectopic IFN-γ expression in the CNS. IFN-γ, which is a critical inflammatory cytokine in multiple sclerosis (MS), inhibits oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation in culture and triggers a mild ISR. Mechanistically, we further show that BZA promotes OPC differentiation in the presence of IFN-γ, while Sephin1 enhances the IFN-γ-induced ISR by reducing protein synthesis and increasing RNA stress granule formation in differentiating oligodendrocytes. Finally, pharmacological suppression of the ISR blocks stress granule formation in vitro and partially lessens the beneficial effect of Sephin1 on disease progression in a mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Overall, our findings uncover distinct mechanisms of action of BZA and Sephin1 on oligodendrocyte lineage cells under inflammatory stress, suggesting that a combination therapy may effectively promote restoring neuronal function in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- Deptment of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Songhua Quan
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Vaibhav Patil
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rejani B. Kunjamma
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Haley M. Tokars
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eric D. Leisten
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Godwin Joy
- Deptment of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Samantha Wills
- Deptment of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Jonah R. Chan
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Yvette C. Wong
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brian Popko
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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16
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Talukdar G, Orr HT, Lei Z. The PERK pathway: beneficial or detrimental for neurodegenerative diseases and tumor growth and cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2545-2557. [PMID: 37384418 PMCID: PMC10407711 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) is one of the three major sensors in the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is involved in the modulation of protein synthesis as an adaptive response. Prolonged PERK activity correlates with the development of diseases and the attenuation of disease severity. Thus, the current debate focuses on the role of the PERK signaling pathway either in accelerating or preventing diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, myelin disorders, and tumor growth and cancer. In this review, we examine the current findings on the PERK signaling pathway and whether it is beneficial or detrimental for the above-mentioned disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourango Talukdar
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Harry T Orr
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhixin Lei
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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17
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Takano C, Takano T, Masumura M, Nakamura R, Koda S, Bochimoto H, Yoshida S, Bando Y. Involvement of Degenerating 21.5 kDa Isoform of Myelin Basic Protein in the Pathogenesis of the Relapse in Murine Relapsing-Remitting Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and MS Autopsied Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098160. [PMID: 37175866 PMCID: PMC10179612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is the most common type of MS. However, the mechanisms of relapse and remission in MS have not been fully understood. While SJL mice immunized with proteolipid protein (PLP) develop relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (RR-EAE), we have recently observed that some of these mice were resistant to the active induction of relapsing EAE after initial clinical and histological symptoms of EAE with a severity similar to the relapsing EAE mice. To clarify the mechanism of relapsing, we examined myelin morphology during PLP139-151-induced RR-EAE in the SJL mice. While RR-EAE mice showed an increased EAE severity (relapse) with CNS inflammation, demyelination with abnormal myelin morphology in the spinal cord, the resistant mice exhibited a milder EAE phenotype with diminished relapse. Compared with the RR-EAE mice, the resistant mice showed less CNS inflammation, demyelination, and abnormalities of the myelin structure. In addition, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis with the osmium-maceration method displayed ultrastructural abnormalities of the myelin structure in the white matter of the RR-EAE spinal cord, but not in that of the resistant mice. While the intensity of myelin staining was reduced in the relapsing EAE spinal cord, immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis revealed that the 21.5 kDa isoform of degenerating myelin basic protein (MBP) was specifically induced in the relapsing EAE spinal cord. Taken together, the neuroinflammation-induced degenerating 21 kDa isoform of MBP sheds light on the development of abnormal myelin on the relapse of MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Takano
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takuma Takano
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Masumura
- Institute for Social Innovation and Cooperation, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroki Bochimoto
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Yoshida
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshio Bando
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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18
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Bracchi-Ricard V, Nguyen K, Ricci D, Gaudette B, Henao-Meija J, Brambilla R, Martynyuk T, Gidalevitz T, Allman D, Bethea JR, Argon Y. Increased activity of IRE1 improves the clinical presentation of EAE. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.19.537391. [PMID: 37131811 PMCID: PMC10153167 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.19.537391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the ER stress sensor IRE1α contributes to neuronal development and is known to induce neuronal remodeling in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, excessive IRE1 activity is often detrimental and may contribute to neurodegeneration. To determine the consequences of increased activation of IRE1α, we used a mouse model expressing a C148S variant of IRE1α with increased and sustained activation. Surprisingly, the mutation did not affect the differentiation of highly secretory antibody-producing cells, but exhibited a strong protective effect in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Significant improvement in motor function was found in IRE1C148S mice with EAE relative to WT mice. Coincident with this improvement, there was reduced microgliosis in the spinal cord of IRE1C148S mice, with reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. This was accompanied by reduced axonal degeneration and enhanced CNPase levels, suggestiing improved myelin integrity. Interestingly, while the IRE1C148S mutation is expressed in all cells, the reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and in the activation of microglial activation marker IBA1, along with preservation of phagocytic gene expression, all point to microglia as the cell type contributing to the clinical improvement in IRE1C148S animals. Our data suggest that sustained increase in IRE1α activity can be protective in vivo, and that this protection is cell type and context dependent. Considering the overwhelming but conflicting evidence for the role of the ER stress in neurological diseases, a better understanding of the function of ER stress sensors in physiological contexts is clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniela Ricci
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Gaudette
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Meija
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE - Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - David Allman
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John R Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yair Argon
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Makar TK, Guda PR, Ray S, Andhavarapu S, Keledjian K, Gerzanich V, Simard JM, Nimmagadda VKC, Bever CT. Immunomodulatory therapy with glatiramer acetate reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5635. [PMID: 37024509 PMCID: PMC10079956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are found in lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) and animal models of MS such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and may contribute to the neuronal loss that underlies permanent impairment. We investigated whether glatiramer acetate (GA) can reduce these changes in the spinal cords of chronic EAE mice by using routine histology, immunostaining, and electron microscopy. EAE spinal cord tissue exhibited increased inflammation, demyelination, mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, downregulation of NAD+ dependent pathways, and increased neuronal death. GA reversed these pathological changes, suggesting that immunomodulating therapy can indirectly induce neuroprotective effects in the CNS by mediating ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas K Makar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA.
- Research Service, Institute of Human Virology, VA Maryland Health Care System, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Poornachander R Guda
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Sugata Ray
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Sanketh Andhavarapu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Kaspar Keledjian
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Vamshi K C Nimmagadda
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Christopher T Bever
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
- Research Service, Institute of Human Virology, VA Maryland Health Care System, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Washington, USA
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20
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Ma S, Han J, Li Z, Xiao S, Zhang J, Yan J, Tang T, Barr T, Kraft AS, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. An XBP1s-PIM-2 positive feedback loop controls IL-15-mediated survival of natural killer cells. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabn7993. [PMID: 36897958 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn7993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Spliced X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s) is an essential transcription factor downstream of interleukin-15 (IL-15) and AKT signaling, which controls cell survival and effector functions of human natural killer (NK) cells. However, the precise mechanisms, especially the downstream targets of XBP1s, remain unknown. In this study, by using XBP1 conditional knockout mice, we found that XBP1s is critical for IL-15-mediated NK cell survival but not proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, XBP1s regulates homeostatic NK cell survival by targeting PIM-2, a critical anti-apoptotic gene, which in turn stabilizes XBP1s protein by phosphorylating it at Thr58. In addition, XBP1s enhances the effector functions and antitumor immunity of NK cells by recruiting T-bet to the promoter region of Ifng. Collectively, our findings identify a previously unknown mechanism by which IL-15-XBP1s signaling regulates the survival and effector functions of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubao Ma
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jingjing Han
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhenlong Li
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sai Xiao
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jiazhuo Yan
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - Tingting Tang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - Tasha Barr
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - Andrew S Kraft
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
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21
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Amatruda M, Harris K, Matis A, Davies AL, McElroy D, Clark M, Linington C, Desai R, Smith KJ. Oxygen treatment reduces neurological deficits and demyelination in two animal models of multiple sclerosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12868. [PMID: 36520661 PMCID: PMC10107096 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of the study is to explore the importance of tissue hypoxia in causing neurological deficits and demyelination in the inflamed CNS, and the value of inspiratory oxygen treatment, using both active and passive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS Normobaric oxygen treatment was administered to Dark Agouti rats with either active or passive EAE, compared with room air-treated, and naïve, controls. RESULTS Severe neurological deficits in active EAE were significantly improved after just 1 h of breathing approximately 95% oxygen. The improvement was greater and more persistent when oxygen was applied either prophylactically (from immunisation for 23 days), or therapeutically from the onset of neurological deficits for 24, 48, or 72 h. Therapeutic oxygen for 72 h significantly reduced demyelination and the integrated stress response in oligodendrocytes at the peak of disease, and protected from oligodendrocyte loss, without evidence of increased oxidative damage. T-cell infiltration and cytokine expression in the spinal cord remained similar to that in untreated animals. The severe neurological deficit of animals with passive EAE occurred in conjunction with spinal hypoxia and was significantly reduced by oxygen treatment initiated before their onset. CONCLUSIONS Severe neurological deficits in both active and passive EAE can be caused by hypoxia and reduced by oxygen treatment. Oxygen treatment also reduces demyelination in active EAE, despite the autoimmune origin of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Amatruda
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kate Harris
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alina Matis
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andrew L Davies
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Daniel McElroy
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael Clark
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Christopher Linington
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Roshni Desai
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kenneth J Smith
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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22
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Insights into the mechanism of oligodendrocyte protection and remyelination enhancement by the integrated stress response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.23.525156. [PMID: 36747743 PMCID: PMC9900777 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.525156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CNS inflammation triggers activation of the integrated stress response (ISR). We previously reported that prolonging the ISR protects remyelinating oligodendrocytes and promotes remyelination in the presence of inflammation (Chen et al., eLife , 2021). However, the exact mechanisms through which this occurs remain unknown. Here, we investigated whether the ISR modulator Sephin1 in combination with the oligodendrocyte differentiation enhancing reagent bazedoxifene (BZA) is able to accelerate remyelination under inflammation, and the underlying mechanisms mediating this pathway. We find that the combined treatment of Sephin1 and BZA is sufficient to accelerate early-stage remyelination in mice with ectopic IFN-γ expression in the CNS. IFN-γ, which is a critical inflammatory cytokine in multiple sclerosis (MS), inhibits oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation in culture and triggers a mild ISR. Mechanistically, we further show that BZA promotes OPC differentiation in the presence of IFN-γ, while Sephin1 enhances the IFN-γ-induced ISR by reducing protein synthesis and increasing RNA stress granule formation in differentiating oligodendrocytes. Finally, the ISR suppressor 2BAct is able to partially lessen the beneficial effect of Sephin1 on disease progression, in an MS mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Overall, our findings uncover distinct mechanisms of action of BZA and Sephin1 on oligodendrocyte lineage cells under inflammatory stress, suggesting that a combination therapy may effectively promote restoring neuronal function in MS patients.
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23
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Al‐kharboosh R, Perera JJ, Bechtle A, Bu G, Quinones‐Hinojosa A. Emerging point-of-care autologous cellular therapy using adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction for neurodegenerative diseases. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1093. [PMID: 36495120 PMCID: PMC9736801 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the gradual decline and irreversible loss of cognitive functions and CNS structures. As therapeutic recourse stagnates, neurodegenerative diseases will cost over a trillion dollars by 2050. A dearth of preventive and regenerative measures to hinder regression and enhance recovery has forced patients to settle for traditional therapeutics designed to manage symptoms, leaving little hope for a cure. In the last decade, pre-clinical animal models and clinical investigations in humans have demonstrated the safety and promise of an emerging cellular product from subcutaneous fat. The adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is an early intervention and late-stage novel 'at point' of care cellular treatment, demonstrating improvements in clinical applications for Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. SVF is a heterogeneous fraction of cells forming a robust cellular ecosystem and serving as a novel and valuable source of point-of-care autologous cell therapy, providing an easy-to-access population that we hypothesize can mediate repair through 'bi-directional' communication in response to pathological cues. We provide the first comprehensive review of all pre-clinical and clinical findings available to date and highlight major challenges and future directions. There is a greater medical and economic urgency to innovate and develop novel cellular therapy solutions that enable the repair and regeneration of neuronal tissue that has undergone irreversible and permanent damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Al‐kharboosh
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFlorida,Department of Regenerative SciencesMayo Clinic Graduate SchoolRochesterMinnesota,Department of NeurosurgeryMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFlorida
| | | | | | - Guojun Bu
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFlorida
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24
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Yao X, Wu Y, Xiao T, Zhao C, Gao F, Liu S, Tao Z, Jiang Y, Chen S, Ye J, Chen H, Long Q, Wang H, Zhou X, Shao Q, Qi L, Xia S. T-cell-specific Sel1L deletion exacerbates EAE by promoting Th1/Th17-cell differentiation. Mol Immunol 2022; 149:13-26. [PMID: 35696849 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are demyelinating neuroinflammatory diseases identified by the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins in the brain. The Sel1L-Hrd1 complex comprising endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) is an ER-protein quality control system (ERQC) in the cell. Unfortunately, the contribution of ERAD to the development of these diseases has not been well explored. In this study, we used mice with a conditional deletion (KO) of Sel1L in T cells to dissect the role of ERAD on T cells and its contribution to the development of EAE. The results showed that Sel1L KO mice developed more severe EAE than the control wild type (WT) mice. Although, no obvious effects on peripheral T cells in steady state, more CD44-CD25+ double-negative stage 3 (DN3) cells were detected in the thymus. Moreover, Sel1L deficiency promoted the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells and upregulated the proliferation and apoptosis of CD4 T cells in vitro. Regarding the mechanism analyzed by RNA sequencing, 437 downregulated genes and 271 upregulated genes were detected in Sel1L deletion CD4 T cells, which covered the activation, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of these T cells. Thus, this study declared that the dysfunction of Sel1L in ERAD in T cells exacerbated the severity of EAE and indicated the important role of ERQC in maintaining immune homeostasis in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Linyi Center Hospital, Linyi, Shangdong 276400, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Department of Clinic Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tengfei Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China
| | - Chuanxiang Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Fengwei Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Zehua Tao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yalan Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province 225300, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affifiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Qiaoming Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cam-Su Mouse Genomic Resources Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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25
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Shi M, Chai Y, Zhang J, Chen X. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Neuronal Death and Innate Immune Response in Neurological Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 12:794580. [PMID: 35082783 PMCID: PMC8784382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.794580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal death and inflammatory response are two common pathological hallmarks of acute central nervous system injury and chronic degenerative disorders, both of which are closely related to cognitive and motor dysfunction associated with various neurological diseases. Neurological diseases are highly heterogeneous; however, they share a common pathogenesis, that is, the aberrant accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fortunately, the cell has intrinsic quality control mechanisms to maintain the proteostasis network, such as chaperone-mediated folding and ER-associated degradation. However, when these control mechanisms fail, misfolded/unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen and contribute to ER stress. ER stress has been implicated in nearly all neurological diseases. ER stress initiates the unfolded protein response to restore proteostasis, and if the damage is irreversible, it elicits intracellular cascades of death and inflammation. With the growing appreciation of a functional association between ER stress and neurological diseases and with the improved understanding of the multiple underlying molecular mechanisms, pharmacological and genetic targeting of ER stress are beginning to emerge as therapeutic approaches for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Chai
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
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26
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Carmena Moratalla A, Carpentier Solorio Y, Lemaitre F, Farzam-Kia N, Levert A, Zandee SEJ, Lahav B, Guimond JV, Haddad E, Girard M, Duquette P, Larochelle C, Prat A, Arbour N. Stress Signal ULBP4, an NKG2D Ligand, Is Upregulated in Multiple Sclerosis and Shapes CD8 + T-Cell Behaviors. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/1/e1119. [PMID: 34873031 PMCID: PMC8656234 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We posit the involvement of the natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) pathway in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology via the presence of specific NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs). We aim to evaluate the expression of NKG2DLs in the CNS and CSF of patients with MS and to identify cellular stressors inducing the expression of UL16-binding protein 4 (ULBP4), the only detectable NKG2DL. Finally, we evaluate the impact of ULBP4 on functions such as cytokine production and motility by CD8+ T lymphocytes, a subset largely expressing NKG2D, the cognate receptor. METHODS Human postmortem brain samples and CSF from patients with MS and controls were used to evaluate NKG2DL expression. In vitro assays using primary cultures of human astrocytes and neurons were performed to identify stressors inducing ULBP4 expression. Human CD8+ T lymphocytes from MS donors and age/sex-matched healthy controls were isolated to evaluate the functional impact of soluble ULBP4. RESULTS We detected mRNA coding for the 8 identified human NKG2DLs in brain samples from patients with MS and controls, but only ULBP4 protein expression was detectable by Western blot. ULBP4 levels were greater in patients with MS, particularly in active and chronic active lesions and normal-appearing white matter, compared with normal-appearing gray matter from MS donors and white and gray matter from controls. Soluble ULBP4 was also detected in CSF of patients with MS and controls, but a smaller shed/soluble form of 25 kDa was significantly elevated in CSF from female patients with MS compared with controls and male patients with MS. Our data indicate that soluble ULBP4 affects various functions of CD8+ T lymphocytes. First, it enhanced the production of the proinflammatory cytokines GM-CSF and interferon-γ (IFNγ). Second, it increased CD8+ T lymphocyte motility and favored a kinapse-like behavior when cultured in the presence of human astrocytes. CD8+ T lymphocytes from patients with MS were especially altered by the presence of soluble ULBP4 compared with healthy controls. DISCUSSION Our study provides new evidence for the involvement of NKG2D and its ligand ULBP4 in MS pathology. Our results point to ULBP4 as a viable target to specifically block 1 component of the NKG2D pathway without altering immune surveillance involving other NKG2DL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carmena Moratalla
- From the Department of Neurosciences (A.C.M., Y.C.S., F.L., N.F-k., A.L., S.E.J.Z., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P., N.A.), Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) Montreal; MS-CHUM Clinic (B.L., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P.); CLSC des Faubourgs (J.V.G.), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal; and Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics (E.H.), Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Carpentier Solorio
- From the Department of Neurosciences (A.C.M., Y.C.S., F.L., N.F-k., A.L., S.E.J.Z., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P., N.A.), Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) Montreal; MS-CHUM Clinic (B.L., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P.); CLSC des Faubourgs (J.V.G.), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal; and Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics (E.H.), Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florent Lemaitre
- From the Department of Neurosciences (A.C.M., Y.C.S., F.L., N.F-k., A.L., S.E.J.Z., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P., N.A.), Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) Montreal; MS-CHUM Clinic (B.L., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P.); CLSC des Faubourgs (J.V.G.), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal; and Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics (E.H.), Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Negar Farzam-Kia
- From the Department of Neurosciences (A.C.M., Y.C.S., F.L., N.F-k., A.L., S.E.J.Z., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P., N.A.), Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) Montreal; MS-CHUM Clinic (B.L., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P.); CLSC des Faubourgs (J.V.G.), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal; and Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics (E.H.), Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Levert
- From the Department of Neurosciences (A.C.M., Y.C.S., F.L., N.F-k., A.L., S.E.J.Z., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P., N.A.), Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) Montreal; MS-CHUM Clinic (B.L., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P.); CLSC des Faubourgs (J.V.G.), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal; and Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics (E.H.), Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie E J Zandee
- From the Department of Neurosciences (A.C.M., Y.C.S., F.L., N.F-k., A.L., S.E.J.Z., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P., N.A.), Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) Montreal; MS-CHUM Clinic (B.L., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P.); CLSC des Faubourgs (J.V.G.), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal; and Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics (E.H.), Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boaz Lahav
- From the Department of Neurosciences (A.C.M., Y.C.S., F.L., N.F-k., A.L., S.E.J.Z., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P., N.A.), Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) Montreal; MS-CHUM Clinic (B.L., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P.); CLSC des Faubourgs (J.V.G.), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal; and Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics (E.H.), Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Victor Guimond
- From the Department of Neurosciences (A.C.M., Y.C.S., F.L., N.F-k., A.L., S.E.J.Z., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P., N.A.), Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) Montreal; MS-CHUM Clinic (B.L., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P.); CLSC des Faubourgs (J.V.G.), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal; and Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics (E.H.), Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elie Haddad
- From the Department of Neurosciences (A.C.M., Y.C.S., F.L., N.F-k., A.L., S.E.J.Z., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P., N.A.), Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) Montreal; MS-CHUM Clinic (B.L., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P.); CLSC des Faubourgs (J.V.G.), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal; and Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics (E.H.), Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Girard
- From the Department of Neurosciences (A.C.M., Y.C.S., F.L., N.F-k., A.L., S.E.J.Z., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P., N.A.), Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) Montreal; MS-CHUM Clinic (B.L., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P.); CLSC des Faubourgs (J.V.G.), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal; and Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics (E.H.), Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- From the Department of Neurosciences (A.C.M., Y.C.S., F.L., N.F-k., A.L., S.E.J.Z., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P., N.A.), Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) Montreal; MS-CHUM Clinic (B.L., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P.); CLSC des Faubourgs (J.V.G.), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal; and Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics (E.H.), Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- From the Department of Neurosciences (A.C.M., Y.C.S., F.L., N.F-k., A.L., S.E.J.Z., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P., N.A.), Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) Montreal; MS-CHUM Clinic (B.L., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P.); CLSC des Faubourgs (J.V.G.), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal; and Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics (E.H.), Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- From the Department of Neurosciences (A.C.M., Y.C.S., F.L., N.F-k., A.L., S.E.J.Z., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P., N.A.), Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) Montreal; MS-CHUM Clinic (B.L., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P.); CLSC des Faubourgs (J.V.G.), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal; and Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics (E.H.), Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- From the Department of Neurosciences (A.C.M., Y.C.S., F.L., N.F-k., A.L., S.E.J.Z., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P., N.A.), Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) Montreal; MS-CHUM Clinic (B.L., M.G., P.D., C.L., A.P.); CLSC des Faubourgs (J.V.G.), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal; and Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics (E.H.), Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Sabaie H, Salkhordeh Z, Asadi MR, Ghafouri-Fard S, Amirinejad N, Askarinejad Behzadi M, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Rezazadeh M. Long Non-Coding RNA- Associated Competing Endogenous RNA Axes in T-Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:770679. [PMID: 34956196 PMCID: PMC8696673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating and degenerative disease with unknown etiology. Inappropriate response of T-cells to myelin antigens has an essential role in the pathophysiology of MS. The clinical and pathophysiological complications of MS necessitate identification of potential molecular targets to understand the pathogenic events of MS. Since the functions and regulatory mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in MS are yet uncertain, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis to explain the lncRNA-associated ceRNA axes to clarify molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in T-cells responses in MS. Two microarray datasets of peripheral blood T-cell from subjects with relapsing-remitting MS and matched controls containing data about miRNAs (GSE43590), mRNAs and lncRNAs (GSE43591) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), mRNAs (DEmRNAs), and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were identified by the limma package of the R software. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module were developed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) Cytoscape plugin, respectively. Using DIANA-LncBase and miRTarBase, the lncRNA-associated ceRNA axes was constructed. We conducted a Pearson correlation analysis and selected the positive correlations among the lncRNAs and mRNAs in the ceRNA axes. Lastly, DEmRNAs pathway enrichment was conducted by the Enrichr tool. A ceRNA regulatory relationship among Small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1), hsa-miR-197-3p, YOD1 deubiquitinase (YOD1) and zinc finger protein 101 (ZNF101) and downstream connected genes was identified. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that DEmRNAs were enriched in “Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum” and “Herpes simplex virus 1 infection” pathways. To our knowledge, this would be the first report of a possible role of SNHG1/hsa-miR-197-3p/YOD1/ZNF101 axes in the pathogenesis of MS. This research remarks on the significance of ceRNAs and prepares new perceptions for discovering the molecular mechanism of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Sabaie
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zoha Salkhordeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Amirinejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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28
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GANAB as a Novel Biomarker in Multiple Sclerosis: Correlation with Neuroinflammation and IFI35. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111195. [PMID: 34832977 PMCID: PMC8625565 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) still lacks reliable biomarkers of neuroinflammation predictive for disease activity and treatment response. Thus, in a prospective study we assessed 55 MS patients (28 interferon (IFN)-treated, 10 treated with no-IFN therapies, 17 untreated) and 20 matched healthy controls (HCs) for the putative correlation of the densitometric expression of glucosidase II alpha subunit (GANAB) with clinical/paraclinical parameters and with interferon-induced protein 35 (IFI35). We also assessed the disease progression in terms of the Rio Score (RS) in order to distinguish the responder patients to IFN therapy (RS = 0) from the non-responder ones (RS ≥ 1). We found GANAB to be 2.51-fold downregulated in the IFN-treated group with respect to the untreated one (p < 0.0001) and 3.39-fold downregulated in responder patients compared to the non-responders (p < 0.0001). GANAB correlated directly with RS (r = 0.8088, p < 0.0001) and lesion load (LL) (r = 0.5824, p = 0.0014) in the IFN-treated group and inversely with disease duration (DD) (r = −0.6081, p = 0.0096) in the untreated one. Lower mean values were expressed for GANAB than IFI35 in IFN responder (p < 0.0001) and higher mean values in the non-responder patients (p = 0.0022). Inverse correlations were also expressed with IFI35 in the overall patient population (r = −0.6468, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the modular expression of GANAB reflects IFI35, RS, DD, and LL values, making it a biomarker of neuroinflammation that is predictive for disease activity and treatment response in MS.
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29
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Chipurupalli S, Samavedam U, Robinson N. Crosstalk Between ER Stress, Autophagy and Inflammation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:758311. [PMID: 34805224 PMCID: PMC8602556 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.758311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is not only responsible for protein synthesis and folding but also plays a critical role in sensing cellular stress and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Upon sensing the accumulation of unfolded proteins due to perturbation in protein synthesis or folding, specific intracellular signaling pathways are activated, which are collectively termed as unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR expands the capacity of the protein folding machinery, decreases protein synthesis and enhances ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) which degrades misfolded proteins through the proteasomes. More recent evidences suggest that UPR also amplifies cytokines-mediated inflammatory responses leading to pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. UPR signaling also activates autophagy; a lysosome-dependent degradative pathwaythat has an extended capacity to degrade misfolded proteins and damaged ER. Thus, activation of autophagy limits inflammatory response and provides cyto-protection by attenuating ER-stress. Here we review the mechanisms that couple UPR, autophagy and cytokine-induced inflammation that can facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate cellular stress and inflammation associated with various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Chipurupalli
- Cellular-Stress and Immune Response Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Unni Samavedam
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Cellular-Stress and Immune Response Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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30
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Chen J, Bassot A, Giuliani F, Simmen T. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Stressed by Dysfunctional Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contacts (MERCs). Cells 2021; 10:cells10071789. [PMID: 34359958 PMCID: PMC8304209 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease for which there is currently no cure. Progress in the characterization of other neurodegenerative mechanisms has shifted the spotlight onto an intracellular structure called mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts (MERCs) whose ER portion can be biochemically isolated as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). Within the central nervous system (CNS), these structures control the metabolic output of mitochondria and keep sources of oxidative stress in check via autophagy. The most relevant MERC controllers in the ALS pathogenesis are vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB), a mitochondria-ER tether, and the ubiquitin-specific chaperone valosin containing protein (VCP). These two systems cooperate to maintain mitochondrial energy output and prevent oxidative stress. In ALS, mutant VAPB and VCP take a central position in the pathology through MERC dysfunction that ultimately alters or compromises mitochondrial bioenergetics. Intriguingly, both proteins are targets themselves of other ALS mutant proteins, including C9orf72, FUS, or TDP-43. Thus, a new picture emerges, where different triggers cause MERC dysfunction in ALS, subsequently leading to well-known pathological changes including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and motor neuron death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada; (J.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Arthur Bassot
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada; (J.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Fabrizio Giuliani
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada;
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada; (J.C.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-1546
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31
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Nam J, Koppinen TK, Voutilainen MH. MANF Is Neuroprotective in Early Stages of EAE, and Elevated in Spinal White Matter by Treatment With Dexamethasone. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:640084. [PMID: 34305531 PMCID: PMC8292680 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.640084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell mediated demyelination in central nervous system (CNS). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely used in vivo disease model of MS. Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (dex) function as immunosuppressants and are commonly used to treat acute exacerbations of MS. Dex is also often used as a positive control in EAE studies, as it has been shown to promote motor behavior, inhibit immune cell infiltration into the CNS and regulate the activation of glial cell in EAE. This study further validated the effects of intravenously administrated dex by time-dependent fashion in EAE. Dex postponed clinical signs and motor defects in early stages of EAE. Histological analysis revealed that the degeneration of myelin and axons, as well as the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the white matter of spinal cord was inhibited by dex in early stages of EAE. Additionally, dex-treatment delayed the neuroinflammatory activation of microglia and astrocytes. Furthermore, this study analyzed the expression of the neurotrophic factor mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) in EAE, and the effect of treatment with dex on MANF-expression. We show that in dex-treated EAE mice expression MANF increased within myelinated areas of spinal cord white matter. We also show that intravenous administration with hMANF in EAE mice improved clinical signs and motor behavior in the early stage of EAE. Our report gives insight to the progression of EAE by providing a time-dependent analysis. Moreover, this study investigates the link between MANF and the EAE model, and shows that MANF is a potential drug candidate for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhan Nam
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani K Koppinen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja H Voutilainen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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32
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Fernández D, Geisse A, Bernales JI, Lira A, Osorio F. The Unfolded Protein Response in Immune Cells as an Emerging Regulator of Neuroinflammation. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:682633. [PMID: 34177557 PMCID: PMC8226365 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.682633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune surveillance is an essential process that safeguards the homeostasis of a healthy brain. Among the increasing diversity of immune cells present in the central nervous system (CNS), microglia have emerged as a prominent leukocyte subset with key roles in the support of brain function and in the control of neuroinflammation. In fact, impaired microglial function is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Interestingly, these pathologies are also typified by protein aggregation and proteostasis dysfunction at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These processes trigger activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is a conserved signaling network that maintains the fidelity of the cellular proteome. Remarkably, beyond its role in protein folding, the UPR has also emerged as a key regulator of the development and function of immune cells. However, despite this evidence, the contribution of the UPR to immune cell homeostasis, immune surveillance, and neuro-inflammatory processes remains largely unexplored. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution of the UPR in brain-associated immune cells in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Fernández
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonia Geisse
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose Ignacio Bernales
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alonso Lira
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabiola Osorio
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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33
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Sen MK, Hossain MJ. Oligodendrocyte-Specific Mechanisms of Myelin Thinning: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:663053. [PMID: 33841096 PMCID: PMC8024530 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.663053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monokesh K Sen
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Peter Duncan Neuroscience Research Unit, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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34
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Szymczak F, Colli ML, Mamula MJ, Evans-Molina C, Eizirik DL. Gene expression signatures of target tissues in type 1 diabetes, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/2/eabd7600. [PMID: 33523973 PMCID: PMC7787485 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are typically studied with a focus on the immune system, and less attention is paid to responses of target tissues exposed to the immune assault. We presently evaluated, based on available RNA sequencing data, whether inflammation induces similar molecular signatures at the target tissues in type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. We identified confluent signatures, many related to interferon signaling, indicating pathways that may be targeted for therapy, and observed a high (>80%) expression of candidate genes for the different diseases at the target tissue level. These observations suggest that future research on autoimmune diseases should focus on both the immune system and the target tissues, and on their dialog. Discovering similar disease-specific signatures may allow the identification of key pathways that could be targeted for therapy, including the repurposing of drugs already in clinical use for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Szymczak
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M L Colli
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - M J Mamula
- Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - D L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
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35
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Chen J, Zhang L, Gan X, Zhang R, He Y, Lv Q, Fu H, Liu X, Miao L. Effects of Retinal Transcription Regulation After GB20 Needling Treatment in Retina With Optic Neuritis. Front Integr Neurosci 2020; 14:568449. [PMID: 33117136 PMCID: PMC7550785 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2020.568449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic neuritis (ON) is one of the most frequent symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) that results in progressive loss of axons and neurons. In clinical trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine, needling at the GB20 acupoint has been widely used for the treatment of ocular diseases, including ON. However, the molecular mechanisms of needling at this site are still unclear. In this study, we generated an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model and investigated the effects of needling treatment at the GB20 acupoint on retina with EAE-associated ON. RNA sequencing of the retinal transcriptome revealed that, of the 234 differentially expressed genes induced by ON, 100 genes were upregulated, and 134 genes were downregulated by ON, while needling at the GB20 acupoint specifically reversed the expression of 21 genes compared with control treatment at GV16 acupoint. Among the reversed genes, Nr4a3, Sncg, Uchl1, and Tppp3 were involved in axon development and regeneration and were downregulated by ON, indicating the beneficial effect of needling at GB20. Further gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that needling at GB20 affected the molecular process of Circadian rhythm in mouse retina with ON. Our study first reported that needling treatment after ON at the GB20 acupoint regulated gene expression of the retina and reversed the expression of downregulated axon development-related genes. This study also demonstrated that GV16 was a perfect control treatment site for GB20 in animal research. Our study provided a scientific basis for needling treatments at GB20 for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulun Gan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinjia He
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyi Lv
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haonan Fu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linqing Miao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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36
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Yousuf MS, Samtleben S, Lamothe SM, Friedman TN, Catuneanu A, Thorburn K, Desai M, Tenorio G, Schenk GJ, Ballanyi K, Kurata HT, Simmen T, Kerr BJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the dorsal root ganglia regulates large-conductance potassium channels and contributes to pain in a model of multiple sclerosis. FASEB J 2020; 34:12577-12598. [PMID: 32677089 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001163r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) and current treatment options are ineffective. In this study, we investigated whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contributes to pain hypersensitivity in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. Inflammatory cells and increased levels of ER stress markers are evident in post-mortem DRGs from MS patients. Similarly, we observed ER stress in the DRG of mice with EAE and relieving ER stress with a chemical chaperone, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), reduced pain hypersensitivity. In vitro, 4-PBA and the selective PERK inhibitor, AMG44, normalize cytosolic Ca2+ transients in putative DRG nociceptors. We went on to assess disease-mediated changes in the functional properties of Ca2+ -sensitive BK-type K+ channels in DRG neurons. We found that the conductance-voltage (GV) relationship of BK channels was shifted to a more positive voltage, together with a more depolarized resting membrane potential in EAE cells. Our results suggest that ER stress in sensory neurons of MS patients and mice with EAE is a source of pain and that ER stress modulators can effectively counteract this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Yousuf
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Samira Samtleben
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shawn M Lamothe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Timothy N Friedman
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ana Catuneanu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kevin Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mansi Desai
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gustavo Tenorio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Geert J Schenk
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Ballanyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Harley T Kurata
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bradley J Kerr
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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37
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Tarlinton RE, Martynova E, Rizvanov AA, Khaiboullina S, Verma S. Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. Viruses 2020; 12:E643. [PMID: 32545816 PMCID: PMC7354629 DOI: 10.3390/v12060643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune inflammatory disease, where the underlying etiological cause remains elusive. Multiple triggering factors have been suggested, including environmental, genetic and gender components. However, underlying infectious triggers to the disease are also suspected. There is an increasing abundance of evidence supporting a viral etiology to MS, including the efficacy of interferon therapy and over-detection of viral antibodies and nucleic acids when compared with healthy patients. Several viruses have been proposed as potential triggering agents, including Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, John Cunningham virus and human endogenous retroviruses. These viruses are all near ubiquitous and have a high prevalence in adult populations (or in the case of the retroviruses are actually part of the genome). They can establish lifelong infections with periods of reactivation, which may be linked to the relapsing nature of MS. In this review, the evidence for a role for viral infection in MS will be discussed with an emphasis on immune system activation related to MS disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E. Tarlinton
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK;
| | - Ekaterina Martynova
- Insititute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.M.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Insititute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.M.); (A.A.R.)
| | | | - Subhash Verma
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;
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Stone S, Wu S, Nave KA, Lin W. The UPR preserves mature oligodendrocyte viability and function in adults by regulating autophagy of PLP. JCI Insight 2020; 5:132364. [PMID: 32053121 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining cellular proteostasis is essential for oligodendrocyte viability and function; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. Unfolded protein response (UPR), which comprises 3 parallel branches, inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), pancreatic ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α), is a major mechanism that maintains cellular proteostasis by facilitating protein folding, attenuating protein translation, and enhancing autophagy and ER-associated degradation. Here we report that impaired UPR in oligodendrocytes via deletion of PERK and ATF6α did not affect developmental myelination but caused late-onset mature oligodendrocyte dysfunction and death in young adult mice. The detrimental effects of the impaired UPR on mature oligodendrocytes were accompanied by autophagy impairment and intracellular proteolipid protein (PLP) accumulation and were rescued by PLP deletion. Data indicate that PLP was degraded by autophagy and that intracellular PLP accumulation was cytotoxic to oligodendrocytes. Thus, these findings imply that the UPR is required for maintaining cellular proteostasis and the viability and function of mature oligodendrocytes in adults by regulating autophagy of PLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarrabeth Stone
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shuangchan Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Yin JJ, He Y, An J, Miao Q, Sui RX, Wang Q, Yu JZ, Xiao BG, Ma CG. Dynamic Balance of Microglia and Astrocytes Involved in the Remyelinating Effect of Ginkgolide B. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:572. [PMID: 31969806 PMCID: PMC6960131 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder in the central nervous system (CNS), in which remyelination failure results in persistent neurologic impairment. Ginkgolide B (GB), a major terpene lactone and active component of Ginkgo biloba, has neuroprotective effects in several models of neurological diseases. Here, our results show, by using an in vivo cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelinating model, administration of GB improved behavior abnormalities, promoted myelin generation, and significantly regulated the dynamic balance of microglia and astrocytes by inhibiting the expression of TLR4, NF-κB and iNOS as well as IL-1β and TNF-α, and up-regulating the expression of Arg-1 and neurotrophic factors. GB treatment also induced the generation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). In vitro cell experiments yielded the results similar to those of the in vivo model. The dynamic balance by decreasing microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and promoting astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factors should contribute to endogenous remyelination. Despite GB treatment may represent a novel strategy for promoting myelin recovery, the precise mechanism of GB targeting microglia and astrocytes remains to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Yin
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan He
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun An
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiang Miao
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruo-Xuan Sui
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie-Zhong Yu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
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Abstract
Activation of the unfolded protein response in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress preserves cell viability and function under stressful conditions. Nevertheless, persistent, unresolvable activation of the unfolded protein response can trigger apoptosis to eliminate stressed cells. Recent studies show that the unfolded protein response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various disorders of myelin, including multiples sclerosis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, vanishing white matter disease, spinal cord injury, tuberous sclerosis complex, and hypoxia-induced perinatal white matter injury. In this review we summarize the current literature on the unfolded protein response and the evidence for its role in the pathogenesis of myelin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarrabeth Stone
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Thangaraj A, Sil S, Tripathi A, Chivero ET, Periyasamy P, Buch S. Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy as therapeutic approaches for neurological diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 350:285-325. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Suppression of the Peripheral Immune System Limits the Central Immune Response Following Cuprizone-Feeding: Relevance to Modelling Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111314. [PMID: 31653054 PMCID: PMC6912385 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuprizone (CPZ) preferentially affects oligodendrocytes (OLG), resulting in demyelination. To investigate whether central oligodendrocytosis and gliosis triggered an adaptive immune response, the impact of combining a standard (0.2%) or low (0.1%) dose of ingested CPZ with disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB), using pertussis toxin (PT), was assessed in mice. 0.2% CPZ(±PT) for 5 weeks produced oligodendrocytosis, demyelination and gliosis plus marked splenic atrophy (37%) and reduced levels of CD4 (44%) and CD8 (61%). Conversely, 0.1% CPZ(±PT) produced a similar oligodendrocytosis, demyelination and gliosis but a smaller reduction in splenic CD4 (11%) and CD8 (14%) levels and no splenic atrophy. Long-term feeding of 0.1% CPZ(±PT) for 12 weeks produced similar reductions in CD4 (27%) and CD8 (43%), as well as splenic atrophy (33%), as seen with 0.2% CPZ(±PT) for 5 weeks. Collectively, these results suggest that 0.1% CPZ for 5 weeks may be a more promising model to study the ‘inside-out’ theory of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, neither CD4 nor CD8 were detected in the brain in CPZ±PT groups, indicating that CPZ-mediated suppression of peripheral immune organs is a major impediment to studying the ‘inside-out’ role of the adaptive immune system in this model over long time periods. Notably, CPZ(±PT)-feeding induced changes in the brain proteome related to the suppression of immune function, cellular metabolism, synaptic function and cellular structure/organization, indicating that demyelinating conditions, such as MS, can be initiated in the absence of adaptive immune system involvement.
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Chen Y, Podojil JR, Kunjamma RB, Jones J, Weiner M, Lin W, Miller SD, Popko B. Sephin1, which prolongs the integrated stress response, is a promising therapeutic for multiple sclerosis. Brain 2019; 142:344-361. [PMID: 30657878 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the CNS. Immune-mediated oligodendrocyte cell loss contributes to multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, such that oligodendrocyte-protective strategies represent a promising therapeutic approach. The integrated stress response, which is an innate cellular protective signalling pathway, reduces the cytotoxic impact of inflammation on oligodendrocytes. This response is initiated by phosphorylation of eIF2α to diminish global protein translation and selectively allow for the synthesis of protective proteins. The integrated stress response is terminated by dephosphorylation of eIF2α. The small molecule Sephin1 inhibits eIF2α dephosphorylation, thereby prolonging the protective response. Herein, we tested the effectiveness of Sephin1 in shielding oligodendrocytes against inflammatory stress. We confirmed that Sephin1 prolonged eIF2α phosphorylation in stressed primary oligodendrocyte cultures. Moreover, by using a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we demonstrated that Sephin1 delayed the onset of clinical symptoms, which correlated with a prolonged integrated stress response, reduced oligodendrocyte and axon loss, as well as diminished T cell presence in the CNS. Sephin1 is reportedly a selective inhibitor of GADD34 (PPP1R15A), which is a stress-induced regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 complex that dephosphorylates eIF2α. Consistent with this possibility, GADD34 mutant mice presented with a similar ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis phenotype as Sephin1-treated mice, and Sephin1 did not provide additional therapeutic benefit to the GADD34 mutant animals. Results presented from the adoptive transfer of encephalitogenic T cells between wild-type and GADD34 mutant mice further indicate that the beneficial effects of Sephin1 are mediated through a direct protective effect on the CNS. Of particular therapeutic relevance, Sephin1 provided additive therapeutic benefit when combined with the first line multiple sclerosis drug, interferon β. Together, our results suggest that a neuroprotective treatment based on the enhancement of the integrated stress response would likely have significant therapeutic value for multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph R Podojil
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rejani B Kunjamma
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua Jones
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Molly Weiner
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, The Institute of Translational Neuroscience, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Popko
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Sen MK, Mahns DA, Coorssen JR, Shortland PJ. Behavioural phenotypes in the cuprizone model of central nervous system demyelination. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:23-46. [PMID: 31442519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The feeding of cuprizone (CPZ) to animals has been extensively used to model the processes of demyelination and remyelination, with many papers adopting a narrative linked to demyelinating conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS), the aetiology of which is unknown. However, no current animal model faithfully replicates the myriad of symptoms seen in the clinical condition of MS. CPZ ingestion causes mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent apoptosis of oligodendrocytes leads to central nervous system demyelination and glial cell activation. Although there are a wide variety of behavioural tests available for characterizing the functional deficits in animal models of disease, including that of CPZ-induced deficits, they have focused on a narrow subset of outcomes such as motor performance, cognition, and anxiety. The literature has not been systematically reviewed in relation to these or other symptoms associated with clinical MS. This paper reviews these tests and makes recommendations as to which are the most important in order to better understand the role of this model in examining aspects of demyelinating diseases like MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monokesh K Sen
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A Mahns
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jens R Coorssen
- Departments of Health Sciences and Biological Sciences, Faculties of Applied Health Sciences and Mathematics & Science, Brock University, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Peter J Shortland
- Science and Health, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia.
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Li H, Zhao W, Wang L, Luo Q, Yin N, Lu X, Hou Y, Cui J, Zhang H. Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit apoptosis of granulosa cells induced by IRE1α pathway in autoimmune POF mice. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:899-909. [PMID: 31081266 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the ovarian failure in autoimmune-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) mice could be improved by the transplantation of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs); however, the protective mechanism of hPMSCs transplantation on ovarian dysfunction remains unclear. Ovarian dysfunction is closely related to the apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs). To determine the effects of hPMSCs transplantation on GCs apoptosis, an autoimmune POF mice model was established with zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (ZP3) peptide. It is reported that the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and its downstream molecules play a central role in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis pathway. So the aim of this study is to investigate whether hPMSCs transplantation attenuated GCs apoptosis via inhibiting ER stress IRE1α signaling pathway. The ovarian dysfunction, follicular dysplasia, and GCs apoptosis were observed in the POF mice. And the IRE1α pathway was activated in ovaries of POF mice, as demonstrated by, increased X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), up-regulated 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and caspase-12. Following transplantation of hPMSCs, the ovarian structure and function were significantly improved in POF mice. In addition, the GCs apoptosis was obviously attenuated and IRE1α pathway was significantly inhibited. Transplantation of hPMSCs suppressed GCs apoptosis-induced by ER stress IRE1α signaling pathway in POF mice, which might contribute to the hPMSCs transplantation-mediating ovarian function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Luo
- Department of Morphology Laboratory, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Na Yin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xueyan Lu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Hou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China
| | - Hongqin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
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The Best for the Most Important: Maintaining a Pristine Proteome in Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1608787. [PMID: 31191665 PMCID: PMC6525796 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1608787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells give rise to reproductively enabled offsprings by generating progressively lineage-restricted multipotent stem cells that would differentiate into lineage-committed stem and progenitor cells. These lineage-committed stem and progenitor cells give rise to all adult tissues and organs. Adult stem and progenitor cells are generated as part of the developmental program and play critical roles in tissue and organ maintenance and/or regeneration. The ability of pluripotent stem cells to self-renew, maintain pluripotency, and differentiate into a multicellular organism is highly dependent on sensing and integrating extracellular and extraorganismal cues. Proteins perform and integrate almost all cellular functions including signal transduction, regulation of gene expression, metabolism, and cell division and death. Therefore, maintenance of an appropriate mix of correctly folded proteins, a pristine proteome, is essential for proper stem cell function. The stem cells' proteome must be pristine because unfolded, misfolded, or otherwise damaged proteins would interfere with unlimited self-renewal, maintenance of pluripotency, differentiation into downstream lineages, and consequently with the development of properly functioning tissue and organs. Understanding how various stem cells generate and maintain a pristine proteome is therefore essential for exploiting their potential in regenerative medicine and possibly for the discovery of novel approaches for maintaining, propagating, and differentiating pluripotent, multipotent, and adult stem cells as well as induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we will summarize cellular networks used by various stem cells for generation and maintenance of a pristine proteome. We will also explore the coordination of these networks with one another and their integration with the gene regulatory and signaling networks.
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Rhead B, Shao X, Graves JS, Chitnis T, Waldman AT, Lotze T, Schreiner T, Belman A, Krupp L, Greenberg BM, Weinstock–Guttman B, Aaen G, Tillema JM, Rodriguez M, Hart J, Caillier S, Ness J, Harris Y, Rubin J, Candee MS, Gorman M, Benson L, Mar S, Kahn I, Rose J, Casper TC, Quach H, Quach D, Schaefer C, Waubant E, Barcellos LF. miRNA contributions to pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis inferred from GWAS. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1053-1061. [PMID: 31211169 PMCID: PMC6562070 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs in childhood for approximately 5% of cases (pediatric MS, or ped-MS). Epigenetic influences are strongly implicated in MS pathogenesis in adults, including the contribution from microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that affect gene expression by binding target gene mRNAs. Few studies have specifically examined miRNAs in ped-MS, but individuals developing MS at an early age may carry a relatively high burden of genetic risk factors, and miRNA dysregulation may therefore play a larger role in the development of ped-MS than in adult-onset MS. This study aimed to look for evidence of miRNA involvement in ped-MS pathogenesis. METHODS GWAS results from 486 ped-MS cases and 1362 controls from the U.S. Pediatric MS Network and Kaiser Permanente Northern California membership were investigated for miRNA-specific signals. First, enrichment of miRNA-target gene network signals was evaluated using MIGWAS software. Second, SNPs in miRNA genes and in target gene binding sites (miR-SNPs) were tested for association with ped-MS, and pathway analysis was performed on associated target genes. RESULTS MIGWAS analysis showed that miRNA-target gene signals were enriched in GWAS (P = 0.038) and identified 39 candidate biomarker miRNA-target gene pairs, including immune and neuronal signaling genes. The miR-SNP analysis implicated dysregulation of miRNA binding to target genes in five pathways, mainly involved in immune signaling. INTERPRETATION Evidence from GWAS suggests that miRNAs play a role in ped-MS pathogenesis by affecting immune signaling and other pathways. Candidate biomarker miRNA-target gene pairs should be further studied for diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Rhead
- Division of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
- Computational Biology Graduate GroupUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
| | - Xiaorong Shao
- Division of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
| | - Jennifer S. Graves
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCalifornia
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis CenterMassachusetts General Hospital for ChildrenBostonMassachusetts
| | - Amy T. Waldman
- Division of NeurologyChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Timothy Lotze
- Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Teri Schreiner
- Children's Hospital ColoradoUniversity of ColoradoDenverColorado
| | - Anita Belman
- Lourie Center for Pediatric MSStony Brook Children's HospitalStony BrookNew York
| | - Lauren Krupp
- Lourie Center for Pediatric MSStony Brook Children's HospitalStony BrookNew York
| | - Benjamin M. Greenberg
- Department of Neurology and NeurotherapeuticsUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTexas
| | | | - Gregory Aaen
- Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's HospitalLoma LindaCalifornia
| | | | | | - Janace Hart
- University of California, San FranciscoRegional Pediatric MS Center NeurologySan FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Stacy Caillier
- University of California, San FranciscoRegional Pediatric MS Center NeurologySan FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Jayne Ness
- University of Alabama Center for Pediatric–onset Demyelinating DiseaseChildren's Hospital of AlabamaBirminghamAlabama
| | - Yolanda Harris
- University of Alabama Center for Pediatric–onset Demyelinating DiseaseChildren's Hospital of AlabamaBirminghamAlabama
| | - Jennifer Rubin
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyNorthwestern Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Meghan S. Candee
- Division of Pediatric NeurologyUniversity of UtahPrimary Children's HospitalSalt Lake CityUtah
| | - Mark Gorman
- Boston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusetts
| | | | - Soe Mar
- Pediatric–onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis CenterSt. Louis Children's HospitalWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Ilana Kahn
- Children's National Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - John Rose
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtah
| | - T. Charles Casper
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtah
| | - Hong Quach
- Division of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
| | - Diana Quach
- Division of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
| | - Catherine Schaefer
- Kaiser Permanente Division of ResearchOaklandCalifornia
- Research Program on Genes, Environment and HealthKaiser PermanenteOaklandCalifornia
| | | | - Lisa F. Barcellos
- Division of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
- Computational Biology Graduate GroupUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
- Kaiser Permanente Division of ResearchOaklandCalifornia
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Andhavarapu S, Mubariz F, Arvas M, Bever C, Makar TK. Interplay between ER stress and autophagy: A possible mechanism in multiple sclerosis pathology. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 108:183-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Yue Y, Stanojlovic M, Lin Y, Karsenty G, Lin W. Oligodendrocyte-specific ATF4 inactivation does not influence the development of EAE. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:23. [PMID: 30709400 PMCID: PMC6357515 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS. Although recent studies suggest the neuroprotective effects of oligodendrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases, it remains unknown whether oligodendrocyte death induced by inflammatory attacks contributes to neurodegeneration in MS and EAE. Upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, activation of pancreatic ER kinase (PERK) promotes cell survival through induction of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) by phosphorylating eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). We have generated a mouse model that allows for temporally controlled activation of PERK specifically in oligodendrocytes. Our previous study has demonstrated that PERK activation specifically in oligodendrocytes attenuates EAE disease severity and ameliorates EAE-induced oligodendrocyte apoptosis, demyelination, and axon degeneration, without altering inflammation. Methods We determined whether oligodendrocyte-specific PERK activation reduced neuron loss in the CNS of EAE mice using the mouse model that allows for temporally controlled activation of PERK specifically in oligodendrocytes. We further generated a mouse model that allows for inactivation of ATF4 specifically in oligodendrocytes, and determined the effects of ATF4 inactivation in oligodendrocytes on mice undergoing EAE. Results We showed that protection of oligodendrocytes resulting from PERK activation led to attenuation of neuron loss in the CNS gray matter of EAE mice. Surprisingly, we found that ATF4 inactivation specifically in oligodendrocytes did not alter EAE disease severity and had no effect on oligodendrocyte loss, demyelination, axon degeneration, neuron loss, and inflammation in EAE mice. Conclusions These findings suggest the neuroprotective effects of PERK activation in oligodendrocytes in EAE, and rule out the involvement of ATF4 in oligodendrocytes in the development of EAE. These results imply that the protective effects of PERK activation in oligodendrocytes in MS and EAE are not mediated by ATF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Milos Stanojlovic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Stone S, Yue Y, Stanojlovic M, Wu S, Karsenty G, Lin W. Neuron-specific PERK inactivation exacerbates neurodegeneration during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124232. [PMID: 30674717 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS. Although neurodegeneration is the major contributor to chronic disability in MS, mechanisms governing the viability of axons and neurons in MS and EAE remain elusive. Data indicate that activation of pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) influences, positively or negatively, neuron and axon viability in various neurodegenerative diseases through induction of ATF4. In this study, we demonstrate that the PERK pathway was activated in neurons during EAE. We found that neuron-specific PERK inactivation impaired EAE resolution and exacerbated EAE-induced axon degeneration, neuron loss, and demyelination. Surprisingly, neuron-specific ATF4 inactivation did not alter EAE disease course or EAE-induced axon degeneration, neuron loss, and demyelination. These results suggest that PERK activation in neurons protects axons and neurons against inflammation in MS and EAE through ATF4-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarrabeth Stone
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuan Yue
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Milos Stanojlovic
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shuangchan Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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