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Lee S, Jang K, Lee H, Jo YS, Kwon D, Park G, Bae S, Kwon YW, Jang J, Oh Y, Lee C, Yoon JH. Multi-proteomic analyses of 5xFAD mice reveal new molecular signatures of early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14137. [PMID: 38436501 PMCID: PMC11166370 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
An early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is crucial as treatment efficacy is limited to the early stages. However, the current diagnostic methods are limited to mid or later stages of disease development owing to the limitations of clinical examinations and amyloid plaque imaging. Therefore, this study aimed to identify molecular signatures including blood plasma extracellular vesicle biomarker proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease to aid early-stage diagnosis. The hippocampus, cortex, and blood plasma extracellular vesicles of 3- and 6-month-old 5xFAD mice were analyzed using quantitative proteomics. Subsequent bioinformatics and biochemical analyses were performed to compare the molecular signatures between wild type and 5xFAD mice across different brain regions and age groups to elucidate disease pathology. There was a unique signature of significantly altered proteins in the hippocampal and cortical proteomes of 3- and 6-month-old mice. The plasma extracellular vesicle proteomes exhibited distinct informatic features compared with the other proteomes. Furthermore, the regulation of several canonical pathways (including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling) differed between the hippocampus and cortex. Twelve potential biomarkers for the detection of early-stage Alzheimer's disease were identified and validated using plasma extracellular vesicles from stage-divided patients. Finally, integrin α-IIb, creatine kinase M-type, filamin C, glutamine γ-glutamyltransferase 2, and lysosomal α-mannosidase were selected as distinguishing biomarkers for healthy individuals and early-stage Alzheimer's disease patients using machine learning modeling with approximately 79% accuracy. Our study identified novel early-stage molecular signatures associated with the progression of Alzheimer's disease, thereby providing novel insights into its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulah Lee
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research GroupKorea Brain Research InstituteDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Kuk‐In Jang
- Cognitive Science Research GroupKorea Brain Research InstituteDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Hagyeong Lee
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research GroupKorea Brain Research InstituteDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Yeon Suk Jo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research GroupKorea Brain Research InstituteDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Department of Brain‐Cognitive ScienceDaegu‐Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Kwon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research GroupKorea Brain Research InstituteDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Geuna Park
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research GroupKorea Brain Research InstituteDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Bae
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research GroupKorea Brain Research InstituteDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Yang Woo Kwon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research GroupKorea Brain Research InstituteDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jin‐Hyeok Jang
- Department of Brain‐Cognitive ScienceDaegu‐Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Seok Oh
- Department of Brain‐Cognitive ScienceDaegu‐Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Chany Lee
- Cognitive Science Research GroupKorea Brain Research InstituteDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research GroupKorea Brain Research InstituteDaeguRepublic of Korea
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Sai Varshini M, Reddy RA, Krishnamurthy PT, Selvaraj D. Rational Design of Dual Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Computational Screening of BACE1 and GSK-3β. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2024; 20:998-1012. [PMID: 37921183 DOI: 10.2174/0115734099270256231018072007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most concerned neurodegenerative disorders across the world characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), leading to cognitive decline and memory loss. Targeting key pathways involved in AD like Aβ and NFT pathways, are crucial for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to identify and establish promising dual inhibitors targeting BACE1 and GSK-3β, two proteins implicated in Aβ and NFT formation respectively. METHODS We have used molecular docking, ADME property analysis, and MMGBSA calculations for the identification of hit molecules and further evaluation of binding affinity, drug-like properties, and stability against BACE1 and GSK-3β. RESULTS Our results demonstrated strong binding affinities of ZINC000034853956 towards the active sites of both proteins, with favorable interactions involving key residues crucial for inhibitory activity. Additionally, ZINC000034853956 exhibited favorable drug-like properties. MD simulations revealed the stable binding of ZINC000034853956 to both BACE1 and GSK-3β over a 50 ns period, with consistent ligand-protein interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic contacts. These findings highlight the potential of ZINC000034853956 as a promising candidate for AD treatment, acting as a dual inhibitor targeting both BACE1 and GSK-3β. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the potential of ZINC000034853956 as a dual inhibitor for AD. The strong binding affinity, favorable drug-like properties, and stability observed in MD simulations support its suitability for further optimization and preclinical studies. CONCLUSION Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms and therapeutic benefits of ZINC000034853956. Our findings offer hope for the development of novel therapeutic interventions targeting crucial pathways involved in AD neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magham Sai Varshini
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, 643001, TN, India
| | - Ramakkamma Aishwarya Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, 643001, TN, India
| | | | - Divakar Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, 643001, TN, India
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Vuic B, Milos T, Tudor L, Nikolac Perkovic M, Konjevod M, Nedic Erjavec G, Farkas V, Uzun S, Mimica N, Svob Strac D. Pharmacogenomics of Dementia: Personalizing the Treatment of Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2048. [PMID: 38002991 PMCID: PMC10671071 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a syndrome of global and progressive deterioration of cognitive skills, especially memory, learning, abstract thinking, and orientation, usually affecting the elderly. The most common forms are Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and other (frontotemporal, Lewy body disease) dementias. The etiology of these multifactorial disorders involves complex interactions of various environmental and (epi)genetic factors and requires multiple forms of pharmacological intervention, including anti-dementia drugs for cognitive impairment, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics and sedatives for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and other drugs for comorbid disorders. The pharmacotherapy of dementia patients has been characterized by a significant interindividual variability in drug response and the development of adverse drug effects. The therapeutic response to currently available drugs is partially effective in only some individuals, with side effects, drug interactions, intolerance, and non-compliance occurring in the majority of dementia patients. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of a patient's response to pharmacotherapy might help clinicians select the most effective treatment for dementia while minimizing the likelihood of adverse reactions and drug interactions. Recent advances in pharmacogenomics may contribute to the individualization and optimization of dementia pharmacotherapy by increasing its efficacy and safety via a prediction of clinical outcomes. Thus, it can significantly improve the quality of life in dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vuic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Tina Milos
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Vladimir Farkas
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Suzana Uzun
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Hospital Vrapce, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.U.); (N.M.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Hospital Vrapce, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.U.); (N.M.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
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Varma M, Ugale V, Shaukat J, Hollmann M, Shete P, Shravage B, Tayade S, Kumbhar A, Butcher R, Jani V, Sonavane U, Joshi R, Lokwani D, Kulkarni P. Novel alkyl-substituted 4-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazones: Multi-target directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176028. [PMID: 37657740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting mental ability and interrupts neurocognitive functions. Treating multifactorial conditions of AD with a single-target-directed drug is highly difficult. Thus, a multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) development strategy has been developed as a promising approach for the treatment of AD. Herein, we have synthesized two novel thiosemicarbazones as MTDLs and reported their bioactivities against diverse neuropathological events involved in AD. In vitro studies revealed that both compounds exhibited promising anticholinesterase activity (AChE, IC50 = 15.98 μM, MZET and IC50 = 30.23 μM, MZMT), well supported by a detailed computational study. Both analogs have shown good thermodynamic behaviour and stability through interactions with characteristic amino acid residues throughout simulation of 100 ns against acetylcholinesterase enzyme. In an electrophysiology assay, these analogs have shown a characteristic inhibitory response against the GluN1-1a + GluN2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Pre-treatment of BV-2 microglial cells with MZET effectively decreased nitrite production compared to nitrite produced by lipopolysaccharide-treated cells alone. Further, the effect of MZMT and MZET on autophagy regulation was determined using stably transfected SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. MZET significantly enhanced the autophagy flux in neuroblastoma cells. A significant decrease in copper-catalysed oxidation of amyloid-β in presence of synthesized thiosemicarbazones was also observed. Collectively, our findings indicated that these analogs have potential as effective anti-AD candidates and can be used as a prototype to develop more safer multi-targeted anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokshada Varma
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agharkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India
| | - Vinod Ugale
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agharkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India; Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India.
| | - Javeria Shaukat
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Hollmann
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Padmaja Shete
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agharkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India
| | - Bhupendra Shravage
- Developmental Biology Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India
| | - Sakharam Tayade
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Avinash Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Ray Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Vinod Jani
- HPC Medical & Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Uddhavesh Sonavane
- HPC Medical & Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Rajendra Joshi
- HPC Medical & Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Deepak Lokwani
- Rajashri Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasad Kulkarni
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agharkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India.
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5
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Guiselin T, Lecoutey C, Rochais C, Dallemagne P. Conceptual Framework of the Design of Pleiotropic Drugs against Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2382. [PMID: 37896142 PMCID: PMC10610275 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifactorial nature of some diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, frequently requires the use of several drugs. These drug cocktails are not without drawbacks in terms of increased adverse effects, drug-drug interactions or low adherence to treatment. The use of pleiotropic drugs, which combine, within a single molecule, several activities directed against distinct therapeutic targets, makes it possible to overcome some of these problems. In addition, these pleiotropic drugs generally lead to the expression of a synergy of effects, sometimes greater than that observed with a combination of drugs. This article will review, through recent examples, the different kinds of pleiotropic drugs being studied or already present on the market of medicines, with a focus on the structural aspect of such drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patrick Dallemagne
- Normandie University, Unicaen, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), 14000 Caen, France; (T.G.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
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Fronza MG, Alves D, Praticò D, Savegnago L. The neurobiology and therapeutic potential of multi-targeting β-secretase, glycogen synthase kinase 3β and acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102033. [PMID: 37595640 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting almost 50 million of people around the world, characterized by a complex and age-related progressive pathology with projections to duplicate its incidence by the end of 2050. AD pathology has two major hallmarks, the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation, alongside with several sub pathologies including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, loss of neurogenesis and synaptic dysfunction. In recent years, extensive research pointed out several therapeutic targets which have shown promising effects on modifying the course of the disease in preclinical models of AD but with substantial failure when transposed to clinic trials, suggesting that modulating just an isolated feature of the pathology might not be sufficient to improve brain function and enhance cognition. In line with this, there is a growing consensus that an ideal disease modifying drug should address more than one feature of the pathology. Considering these evidence, β-secretase (BACE1), Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has emerged as interesting therapeutic targets. BACE1 is the rate-limiting step in the Aβ production, GSK-3β is considered the main kinase responsible for Tau hyperphosphorylation, and AChE play an important role in modulating memory formation and learning. However, the effects underlying the modulation of these enzymes are not limited by its primarily functions, showing interesting effects in a wide range of impaired events secondary to AD pathology. In this sense, this review will summarize the involvement of BACE1, GSK-3β and AChE on synaptic function, neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally, we will present and discuss new perspectives on the modulation of these pathways on AD pathology and future directions on the development of drugs that concomitantly target these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Fronza
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN) - Centre for Technology Development CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), UFPel, RS, Brazil
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple - ACT, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN) - Centre for Technology Development CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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7
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Chromone-Containing Allylmorpholines Influence Ion Channels in Lipid Membranes via Dipole Potential and Packing Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911554. [PMID: 36232854 PMCID: PMC9570167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report that chromone-containing allylmorpholines can affect ion channels formed by pore-forming antibiotics in model lipid membranes, which correlates with their ability to influence membrane boundary potential and lipid-packing stress. At 100 µg/mL, allylmorpholines 1, 6, 7, and 8 decrease the boundary potential of the bilayers composed of palmitoyloleoylphosphocholine (POPC) by about 100 mV. At the same time, the compounds do not affect the zeta-potential of POPC liposomes, but reduce the membrane dipole potential by 80-120 mV. The allylmorpholine-induced drop in the dipole potential produce 10-30% enhancement in the conductance of gramicidin A channels. Chromone-containing allylmorpholines also affect the thermotropic behavior of dipalmytoylphosphocholine (DPPC), abolishing the pretransition, lowering melting cooperativity, and turning the main phase transition peak into a multicomponent profile. Compounds 4, 6, 7, and 8 are able to decrease DPPC's melting temperature by about 0.5-1.9 °C. Moreover, derivative 7 is shown to increase the temperature of transition of palmitoyloleoylphosphoethanolamine from lamellar to inverted hexagonal phase. The effects on lipid-phase transitions are attributed to the changes in the spontaneous curvature stress. Alterations in lipid packing induced by allylmorpholines are believed to potentiate the pore-forming ability of amphotericin B and gramicidin A by several times.
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Alhowail A, Alsikhan R, Alsaud M, Aldubayan M, Rabbani SI. Protective Effects of Pioglitazone on Cognitive Impairment and the Underlying Mechanisms: A Review of Literature. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2919-2931. [PMID: 36068789 PMCID: PMC9441149 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s367229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Ahmad Alhowail, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel +9665672025858, Email
| | - Rawan Alsikhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Al Qassim, 51911, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - May Alsaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aldubayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Imam Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Potjewyd FM, Annor‐Gyamfi JK, Aubé J, Chu S, Conlon IL, Frankowski KJ, Guduru SKR, Hardy BP, Hopkins MD, Kinoshita C, Kireev DB, Mason ER, Moerk CT, Nwogbo F, Pearce KH, Richardson TI, Rogers DA, Soni DM, Stashko M, Wang X, Wells C, Willson TM, Frye SV, Young JE, Axtman AD. AD Informer Set: Chemical tools to facilitate Alzheimer's disease drug discovery. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2022; 8:e12246. [PMID: 35475262 PMCID: PMC9019904 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The portfolio of novel targets to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been enriched by the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Program for Alzheimer's Disease (AMP AD) program. Methods Publicly available resources, such as literature and databases, enabled a data-driven effort to identify existing small molecule modulators for many protein products expressed by the genes nominated by AMP AD and suitable positive control compounds to be included in the set. Compounds contained within the set were manually selected and annotated with associated published, predicted, and/or experimental data. Results We built an annotated set of 171 small molecule modulators targeting 98 unique proteins that have been nominated by AMP AD consortium members as novel targets for the treatment of AD. The majority of compounds included in the set are inhibitors. These small molecules vary in their quality and should be considered chemical tools that can be used in efforts to validate therapeutic hypotheses, but which will require further optimization. A physical copy of the AD Informer Set can be requested on the Target Enablement to Accelerate Therapy Development for Alzheimer's Disease (TREAT-AD) website. Discussion Small molecules that enable target validation are important tools for the translation of novel hypotheses into viable therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M. Potjewyd
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryStructural Genomics ConsortiumChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Joel K. Annor‐Gyamfi
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryStructural Genomics ConsortiumChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Shaoyou Chu
- Department of MedicineDivision of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Ivie L. Conlon
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kevin J. Frankowski
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Shiva K. R. Guduru
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Brian P. Hardy
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Megan D. Hopkins
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Chizuru Kinoshita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Dmitri B. Kireev
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Emily R. Mason
- Department of MedicineDivision of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Charles T. Moerk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Felix Nwogbo
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kenneth H. Pearce
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Timothy I. Richardson
- Department of MedicineDivision of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - David A. Rogers
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Disha M. Soni
- Department of MedicineDivision of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Michael Stashko
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Carrow Wells
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryStructural Genomics ConsortiumChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Timothy M. Willson
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryStructural Genomics ConsortiumChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Stephen V. Frye
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jessica E. Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Alison D. Axtman
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyDivision of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryStructural Genomics ConsortiumChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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10
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Yang L, Wu C, Parker E, Li Y, Dong Y, Tucker L, Brann DW, Lin HW, Zhang Q. Non-invasive photobiomodulation treatment in an Alzheimer Disease-like transgenic rat model. Theranostics 2022; 12:2205-2231. [PMID: 35265207 PMCID: PMC8899582 DOI: 10.7150/thno.70756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, causing neuronal degeneration and cognitive deficits that significantly impair independence and quality of life for those affected and their families. Though AD is a major neurodegenerative disease with vast avenues of investigation, there is no effective treatment to cure AD or slow disease progression. The present work evaluated the therapeutic effect of long-term photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment with continuous-wave low-level laser on AD and its underlying mechanism. Methods: PBM was implemented for 2 min, 3 times per week for 16 months in 2-month-old transgenic AD rats. A battery of behavioral tests was performed to measure the effect of PBM treatment on cognitive dysfunction in AD rats. The effects of PBM therapy on typical AD pathologies, including amyloid plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal loss, neuronal injury, neuronal apoptosis, and neurodegeneration, were then assessed. The underlying mechanisms were measured using immunofluorescence staining, western blotting analysis, mass spectrometry, primary cortical and hippocampal cell cultures, and related assay kits. Results: PBM treatment significantly improved the typical AD pathologies of memory loss, amyloid plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal degeneration, spine damage, and synaptic loss. PBM treatment had several mechanistic effects which may explain these beneficial effects, including 1) regulation of glial cell polarization and inhibition of neuroinflammation, 2) preservation of mitochondrial dynamics by regulating fission and fusion proteins, and 3) suppression of oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Furthermore, PBM enhanced recruitment of microglia surrounding amyloid plaques by improving the expression of microglial IL-3Rα and astrocytic IL-3, which implies a potential role of PBM in improving Aβ clearance. Finally, our results implicate neuronal hemoglobin in mediating the neuroprotective effect of PBM, as Hbα knockdown abolished the neuroprotective effect of PBM treatment. Conclusion: Collectively, our data supports the potential use of PBM treatment to prevent or slow the progression of AD and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of PBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA 71103 USA
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Emily Parker
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Yong Li
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Yan Dong
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Lorelei Tucker
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Darrell W. Brann
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA 71103 USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA 71103 USA
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11
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Dwivedi V, Gupta RK, Gupta A, Chaudhary VK, Gupta S, Gupta V. Repurposing Novel Antagonists to p7 Viroporin of HCV Using in silico Approach. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220124112150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Background: P7 viroporin in HCV is a cation-selective ion channel-forming protein, functional in the oligomeric form. It is considered to be a potential target for anti-HCV compounds due to its crucial role in viral entry, assembly and release.
Method:
Conserved crucial residues present in HCV p7 protein were delineated with a specific focus on the genotypes 3a &1b prevalent in India from the available literature. Using the Flex-X docking tool, a library of FDA-approved drugs was docked on the receptor sites prepared around crucial residues. In the present study, we propose drug repurposing to target viroporin p7, which may help in the rapid development of effective anti-HCV therapies.
Results:
With our approach of poly-pharmacology, a variety of drugs currently identified classified as antibiotics, anti-parasitic, antiemetic, anti-retroviral, and anti-neoplastic were found to dock successfully with the p7 viroporin. Noteworthy among these are general-purpose cephalosporin antibiotics, leucal, phthalylsulfathiazole, and granisetron, which may be useful in acute HCV infection and anti-neoplastic sorafenib and nilotinib, which may be valuable in advanced HCV-HCC cases.
Conclusion:
This study could pave the way for quick repurposing of these compounds as anti-HCV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Dwivedi
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, Delhi University, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, Delhi University, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Amita Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Innovation in Infectious Disease Research, Education and Training, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay K Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Innovation in Infectious Disease Research, Education and Training, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, Delhi University, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, India
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12
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Verma A, Kumar Waiker D, Bhardwaj B, Saraf P, Shrivastava SK. The molecular mechanism, targets, and novel molecules in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105562. [PMID: 34952243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological illness that causes dementia mainly in the elderly. The challenging obstacles related to AD has freaked global healthcare system to encourage scientists in developing novel therapeutic startegies to overcome with the fatal disease. The current treatment therapy of AD provides only symptomatic relief and to some extent disease-modifying effects. The current approach for AD treatment involves designing of cholinergic inhibitors, Aβ disaggregation inducing agents, tau inhibitors and several antioxidants. Hence, extensive research on AD therapy urgently requires a deep understanding of its pathophysiology and exploration of various chemical scaffolds to design and develop a potential drug candidate for the treatment. Various issues linked between disease and therapy need to be considered such as BBB penetration capability, clinical failure and multifaceted pathophisiology requires a proper attention to develop a lead candidate. This review article covers all probable mechanisms including one of the recent areas for investigation i.e., lipid dyshomeostasis, pathogenic involvement of P. gingivalis and neurovascular dysfunction, recently reported molecules and drugs under clinical investigations and approved by FDA for AD treatment. Our summarized information on AD will attract the researchers to understand and explore current status and structural modifications of the recently reported heterocyclic derivatives in drug development for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Verma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Digambar Kumar Waiker
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Bhagwati Bhardwaj
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Poorvi Saraf
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sushant K Shrivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.
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Yun Y, Miao Y, Sun X, Sun J, Wang X. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-arylbenzofuran derivatives as potential anti-Alzheimer's disease agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1346-1356. [PMID: 34134572 PMCID: PMC8765280 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1940993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of progressive dementia caused by degeneration of the nervous system. A single target drug usually does not work well. Therefore, multi-target drugs are designed and developed so that one drug can specifically bind to multiple targets to ensure clinical effectiveness and reduce toxicity. We synthesised a series of 2-arylbenzofuran derivatives and evaluated their in vitro activities. 2-Arylbenzofuran compounds have good dual cholinesterase inhibitory activity and β-secretase inhibitory activity. The IC50 value of compound 20 against acetylcholinesterase inhibition (0.086 ± 0.01 µmol·L-1) is similar to donepezil (0.085 ± 0.01 µmol·L-1) and is better than baicalein (0.404 ± 0.04 µmol·L-1). And most of the compounds have good BACE1 inhibitory activity, of which 3 compounds (8, 19 and 20) show better activity than baicalein (0.087 ± 0.03 µmol·L-1). According to experimental results, 2-arylbenzofuran compounds provide an idea for drug design to develop prevention and treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinling Yun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuhang Miao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoya Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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14
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Ullah R, Park TJ, Huang X, Kim MO. Abnormal amyloid beta metabolism in systemic abnormalities and Alzheimer's pathology: Insights and therapeutic approaches from periphery. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101451. [PMID: 34450351 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated, multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that is incurable. Despite recent success in treatments that partially improve symptomatic relief, they have failed in most clinical trials. Re-holding AD for accurate diagnosis and treatment is widely known as a challenging task. Lack of knowledge of basic molecular pathogenesis might be a possible reason for ineffective AD treatment. Historically, a majority of therapy-based studies have investigated the role of amyloid-β (Aβ peptide) in the central nervous system (CNS), whereas less is known about Aβ peptide in the periphery in AD. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of Aβ peptide metabolism (anabolism and catabolism) in the brain and periphery. We show that the abnormal metabolism of Aβ peptide is significantly linked with central-brain and peripheral abnormalities; the interaction between peripheral Aβ peptide metabolism and peripheral abnormalities affects central-brain Aβ peptide metabolism, suggesting the existence of significant communication between these two pathways of Aβ peptide metabolism. This close interaction between the central brain and periphery in abnormal Aβ peptide metabolism plays a key role in the development and progression of AD. In conclusion, we need to obtain a full understanding of the dynamic roles of Aβ peptide at the molecular level in both the brain and periphery in relation to the pathology of AD. This will not only provide new information regarding the complex disease pathology, but also offer potential new clues to improve therapeutic strategies and diagnostic biomarkers for the successful treatment of AD.
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15
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Raghuvanshi R, Nuthakki VK, Singh L, Singh B, Bharate SS, Bhatti R, Bharate SB. Identification of plant-based multitargeted leads for Alzheimer's disease: In-vitro and in-vivo validation of Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153659. [PMID: 34332286 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with no availability of disease-modifying therapeutics. The complex etiology and recent failures in clinical trials indicate the need for multitargeted agents. PURPOSE The present study aims to discover new plant-based multitargeted anti-AD leads. METHODS A library of plant extracts was screened for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1). The secondary metabolites of active extracts were also tested, followed by enzyme-kinetics and molecular modeling to understand the mechanism of inhibition. The most active extract was investigated for in-vivo anti-dementia activity in behavioral mice models. RESULTS Among the library of 105 extracts, Woodfordia fruticosa (SBE-80) and Bergenia ciliata (SBE-65) extracts displayed significant inhibition of all three enzymes. Gallic acid, one of the constituents of both plants, shows moderate inhibition of AChE and BACE-1. Catechin-3-O-gallate (CG), another constituent of SBE-65, inhibits EeAChE, rHuAChE, and eqBChE with IC50's of 29.9, 1.77, and 8.4 µM, respectively; along with a mild-inhibition of BACE-1. Ellagic acid, the constituent of SBE-80, inhibits BACE-1 with an IC50 value of 16 µM. The W. fruticosa extract SBE-80 at the dose of 25 mg/kg QD × 9 (PO) displayed memory-enhancing activity in Morris Water Maze and Passive Avoidance Test in Swiss albino mice. Treatment with SBE-80 also inhibits AChE in-vivo; whereas, a non-significant decrease in the serum TBARS was observed. CONCLUSION W. fruticosa is identified for the first time as an anti-AD lead candidate. The in-vitro and in-vivo data presented herein and the documented safety profile of W. fruticosa indicate its strong potential for preclinical development as a botanical drug for dementia/AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinky Raghuvanshi
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Vijay K Nuthakki
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Lovedeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India
| | - Bikarma Singh
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India; Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India; Botanical Garden Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, UP, India
| | - Sonali S Bharate
- PK-PD Toxicology & Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India; Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400056, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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16
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Jabir NR, Rehman MT, Tabrez S, Alserihi RF, AlAjmi MF, Khan MS, Husain FM, Ahmed BA. Identification of Butyrylcholinesterase and Monoamine Oxidase B Targeted Ligands and their Putative Application in Alzheimer's Treatment: A Computational Strategy. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2425-2434. [PMID: 33634754 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210226123240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the burgeoning worldwide aging population, the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its associated disorders is continuously rising. To appraise other relevant drug targets that could lead to potent enzyme targeting, 13 previously predicted ligands (shown favorable binding with AChE (acetylcholinesterase) and GSK-3 (glycogen synthase kinase) were screened for targeting 3 different enzymes, namely butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) to possibly meet the unmet medical need of better AD treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study utilized in silico screening of 13 ligands against BChE, MAO-A and MAOB using PyRx-Python prescription 0.8. The visualization of the active interaction of studied compounds with targeted proteins was performed by Discovery Studio 2020 (BIOVIA). RESULTS The computational screening of studied ligands revealed the docking energies in the range of -2.4 to -11.3 kcal/mol for all the studied enzymes. Among the 13 ligands, 8 ligands (55E, 6Z2, 6Z5, BRW, F1B, GVP, IQ6, and X37) showed the binding energies of ≤ -8.0 kcal/mol towards BChE, MAO-A and MAO-B. The ligand 6Z5 was found to be the most potent inhibitor of BChE and MAO-B, with a binding energy of -9.7 and -10.4 kcal mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation of BChE-6Z5 and MAO-B-6Z5 complex confirmed the formation of a stable complex. CONCLUSION Our computational screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that the above-mentioned enzymes targeted ligands might expedite the future design of potent anti-AD drugs generated on this chemical scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimudeen R Jabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed F Alserihi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ritacca AG, Ritacco I, Dabbish E, Russo N, Mazzone G, Sicilia E. A Boron-Containing Compound Acting on Multiple Targets Against Alzheimer's Disease. Insights from Ab Initio and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3397-3410. [PMID: 34253017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Given the multifactorial nature and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, therapeutic strategies are addressed to combine the benefits of every single-target drug into a sole molecule. Quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics (MD) methods were employed here to investigate the multitarget action of a boron-containing compound against Alzheimer's disease. The antioxidant activity as a radical scavenger and metal chelator was explored by means of density functional theory. The most plausible radical scavenger mechanisms, which are hydrogen transfer, radical adduct formation, and single-electron transfer in aqueous and lipid environments, were fully examined. Metal chelation ability was investigated by considering the complexation of Cu(II) ion, one of the metals that in excess can even catalyze the β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation. The most probable complexes in the physiological environment were identified by considering both the stabilization energy and the shift of the λmax induced by the complexation. The excellent capability to counteract Aβ aggregation was explored by performing MD simulations on protein-ligand adducts, and the activity was compared with that of curcumin, chosen as a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra G Ritacca
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Ida Ritacco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
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18
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Vilela AFL, Narciso Dos Reis VE, Cardoso CL. Co-Immobilized Capillary Enzyme Reactor Based on Beta-Secretase1 and Acetylcholinesterase: A Model for Dual-Ligand Screening. Front Chem 2021; 9:708374. [PMID: 34307303 PMCID: PMC8295500 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.708374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a dual enzymatic system assay involving liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) to screen AChE and BACE1 ligands. A fused silica capillary (30 cm × 0.1 mm i.d. × 0.362 mm e.d.) was used as solid support. The co-immobilization procedure encompassed two steps and random immobilization. The resulting huAChE+BACE1-ICER/MS was characterized by using acetylcholine (ACh) and JMV2236 as substrates. The best conditions for the dual enzymatic system assay were evaluated and compared to the conditions of the individual enzymatic system assays. Analysis was performed in series for each enzyme. The kinetic parameters (KMapp) and inhibition assays were evaluated. To validate the system, galantamine and a β-secretase inhibitor were employed as standard inhibitors, which confirmed that the developed screening assay was able to identify reference ligands and to provide quantitative parameters. The combination of these two enzymes in a single on-line system allowed possible multi-target inhibitors to be screened and identified. The innovative huAChE+BACE1-ICER/MS dual enzymatic system reported herein proved to be a reliable tool to identify and to characterize hit ligands for AChE and BACE1 in an enzymatic competitive environment. This innovative system assay involved lower costs; measured the product from enzymatic hydrolysis directly by MS; enabled immediate recovery of the enzymatic activity; showed specificity, selectivity, and sensitivity; and mimicked the cellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ferreira Lopes Vilela
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Cromatografia de Bioafinidade e Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vitor Eduardo Narciso Dos Reis
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Cromatografia de Bioafinidade e Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carmen Lúcia Cardoso
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Cromatografia de Bioafinidade e Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Kumar B, Thakur A, Dwivedi AR, Kumar R, Kumar V. Multi-Target-Directed Ligands as an Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1757-1803. [PMID: 33982650 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210512005508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder, and multiple pathological factors are believed to be involved in the genesis and progression of the disease. A number of hypotheses, including Acetylcholinesterase, Monoamine oxidase, β-Amyloid, Tau protein, etc., have been proposed for the initiation and progression of the disease. At present, acetylcholine esterase inhibitors and memantine (NMDAR antagonist) are the only approved therapies for the symptomatic management of AD. Most of these single-target drugs have miserably failed in the treatment or halting the progression of the disease. Multi-factorial diseases like AD require complex treatment strategies that involve simultaneous modulation of a network of interacting targets. Since the last few years, Multi-Target-Directed Ligands (MTDLs) strategy, drugs that can simultaneously hit multiple targets, is being explored as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. In the current review article, the authors have briefly described various pathogenic pathways associated with AD. The importance of Multi-Target-Directed Ligands and their design strategies in recently reported articles have been discussed in detail. Potent leads are identified through various structure-activity relationship studies, and their drug-like characteristics are described. Recently developed promising compounds have been summarized in the article. Some of these MTDLs with balanced activity profiles against different targets have the potential to be developed as drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kumar
- Central University of Punjab Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, India
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- Central University of Punjab Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
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Gabr MT, Barbault F. First dual binder of microRNA-146a and monomeric tau: a novel approach for multitargeted therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 56:9695-9698. [PMID: 32699863 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04249h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a new approach for the development of multitargeted therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on dual targeting of monomeric tau and biogenesis of microRNA-146a. Compound MG-1102 displayed a superior neuroprotective activity, in comparison to mono-targeted therapeutics, which validates the likelihood of the success of this approach in AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa T Gabr
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Florent Barbault
- Universite de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 Rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France
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21
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Malafaia D, Albuquerque HMT, Silva AMS. Amyloid-β and tau aggregation dual-inhibitors: A synthetic and structure-activity relationship focused review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113209. [PMID: 33548635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common types of dementia, especially in elderly, with an increasing number of people suffering from this disease worldwide. There are no available disease-modifying therapies and only four drugs are approved for the relief of symptoms. Currently, the therapeutic approach used for AD treatment is based on single target drugs, which are not capable to stop its progression. To address this issue, multi-target compounds, combining two or more pharmacophores in a single molecular entity, have gained increasing interest to deal with the multiple factors related to AD. The exact cause of AD is not yet completely disclosed, and several hallmarks have been associated to this neurodegenerative disease. Even though, the accumulation of both amyloid-β plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are fully accepted as the main AD hallmarks, being object of lots of research for early-stage diagnosis and pharmacological therapy. In this context, this review summarizes the state-of-the-art in the field of dual-target inhibitors of both Aβ and tau aggregation simultaneously, including the design and synthetic strategy of the dual-target compounds, as well as a brief structure-activity relationships (SAR) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Malafaia
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hélio M T Albuquerque
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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22
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Fanet H, Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Caron V, Tremblay C, Vancassel S, Calon F. Tetrahydrobiopterin Improves Recognition Memory in the Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease, Without Altering Amyloid-β and Tau Pathologies. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:709-727. [PMID: 33337360 PMCID: PMC7902975 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease, implying that multi-target treatments may be necessary to effectively cure AD. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an enzymatic cofactor required for the synthesis of monoamines and nitric oxide that also exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite its crucial role in the CNS, the potential of BH4 as a treatment in AD has never been scrutinized. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated whether BH4 peripheral administration improves cognitive symptoms and AD neuropathology in the triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD), a model of age-related tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) neuropathologies associated with behavior impairment. METHODS Non-transgenic (NonTg) and 3xTg-AD mice were subjected to a control diet (5% fat - CD) or to a high-fat diet (35% fat - HFD) from 6 to 13 months to exacerbate metabolic disorders. Then, mice received either BH4 (15 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or vehicle for ten consecutive days. RESULTS This sub-chronic administration of BH4 rescued memory impairment in 13-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, as determined using the novel object recognition test. Moreover, the HFD-induced glucose intolerance was completely reversed by the BH4 treatment in 3xTg-AD mice. However, the HFD or BH4 treatment had no significant impact on Aβ and tau neuropathologies. CONCLUSION Overall, our data suggest a potential benefit from BH4 administration against AD cognitive and metabolic deficits accentuated by HFD consumption in 3xTg-AD mice, without altering classical neuropathology. Therefore, BH4 should be considered as a candidate for drug repurposing, at least in subtypes of cognitively impaired patients experiencing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortense Fanet
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Tournissac
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Vicky Caron
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
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23
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Kumar N, Gahlawat A, Kumar RN, Singh YP, Modi G, Garg P. Drug repurposing for Alzheimer’s disease: in silico and in vitro investigation of FDA-approved drugs as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:2878-2892. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1844054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Anuj Gahlawat
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rajaram Naresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Yash Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gyan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabha Garg
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
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24
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Mezeiova E, Chalupova K, Nepovimova E, Gorecki L, Prchal L, Malinak D, Kuca K, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Donepezil Derivatives Targeting Amyloid-β Cascade in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:772-800. [PMID: 30819078 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190228122956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with an increasing impact on society. Because currently available therapy has only a short-term effect, a huge number of novel compounds are developed every year exploiting knowledge of the various aspects of AD pathophysiology. To better address the pathological complexity of AD, one of the most extensively pursued strategies by medicinal chemists is based on Multi-target-directed Ligands (MTDLs). Donepezil is one of the currently approved drugs for AD therapy acting as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. In this review, we have made an extensive literature survey focusing on donepezil-derived MTDL hybrids primarily targeting on different levels cholinesterases and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide. The targeting includes direct interaction of the compounds with Aβ, AChE-induced Aβ aggregation, inhibition of BACE-1 enzyme, and modulation of biometal balance thus impeding Aβ assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mezeiova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Chalupova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Gorecki
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Prchal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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25
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Volonté C, Morello G, Spampinato AG, Amadio S, Apolloni S, D’Agata V, Cavallaro S. Omics-based exploration and functional validation of neurotrophic factors and histamine as therapeutic targets in ALS. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101121. [PMID: 32653439 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of genetic and molecular mechanisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of the heterogeneous and multifactorial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease, and hence the conventional "one target-one drug" paradigm has failed so far to provide effective therapeutic solutions, precisely because of the complex nature of ALS. This review intends to highlight how the integration of emerging "omics" approaches may provide a rational foundation for the comprehensive exploration of molecular pathways and dynamic interactions involved in ALS, for the identification of candidate targets and biomarkers that will assist in the rapid diagnosis and prognosis, lastly for the stratification of patients into different subgroups with the aim of personalized therapeutic strategies. To this purpose, particular emphasis will be placed on some potential therapeutic targets, including neurotrophic factors and histamine signaling that both have emerged as dysregulated at different omics levels in specific subgroups of ALS patients, and have already shown promising results in in vitro and in vivo models of ALS. To conclude, we will discuss about the utility of using integrated omics coupled with network-based approaches to provide additional guidance for personalization of medicine applications in ALS.
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26
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Lee NK, Kim H, Chang JW, Jang H, Kim H, Yang J, Kim J, Son JP, Na DL. Exploring the Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy in Mouse Models of Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155524. [PMID: 32752272 PMCID: PMC7432487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Closely linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the pathological spectrum of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is known to be wide and complex. Considering that multiple instead of a single targeting approach is considered a treatment option for such complicated diseases, the multifaceted aspects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them a suitable candidate to tackle the heterogeneity of VCI. MSCs were delivered via the intracerebroventricular (ICV) route in mice that were subjected to VCI by carotid artery stenosis. VCI was induced in C57BL6/J mice wild type (C57VCI) mice by applying a combination of ameroid constrictors and microcoils, while ameroid constrictors alone were bilaterally applied to 5xFAD (transgenic AD mouse model) mice (5xVCI). Compared to the controls (minimal essential medium (MEM)-injected C57VCI mice), changes in spatial working memory were not noted in the MSC-injected C57VCI mice, and unexpectedly, the mortality rate was higher. In contrast, compared to the MEM-injected 5xVCI mice, mortality was not observed, and the spatial working memory was also improved in MSC-injected 5xVCI mice. Disease progression of the VCI-induced mice seems to be affected by the method of carotid artery stenosis and due to this heterogeneity, various factors must be considered to maximize the therapeutic benefits exerted by MSCs. Factors, such as the optimal MSC injection time point, cell concentration, sacrifice time point, and immunogenicity of the transplanted cells, must all be adequately addressed so that MSCs can be appropriately and effectively used as a treatment option for VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Kyung Lee
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.K.); (J.W.C.); (H.J.)
- Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyeongseop Kim
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.K.); (J.W.C.); (H.J.)
- Stem Cell Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.K.); (J.W.C.); (H.J.)
- Stem Cell Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.K.); (J.W.C.); (H.J.)
- Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hunnyun Kim
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.K.); (J.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Jehoon Yang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.K.); (J.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Jeyun Kim
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.K.); (J.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Jeong Pyo Son
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju 28160, Korea;
| | - Duk L. Na
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.K.); (J.W.C.); (H.J.)
- Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-3591; Fax: +82-2-3412-3423
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27
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Kashyap P, Ram H, Shukla SD, Kumar S. Scopoletin: Antiamyloidogenic, Anticholinesterase, and Neuroprotective Potential of a Natural Compound Present in Argyreia speciosa Roots by In Vitro and In Silico Study. Neurosci Insights 2020; 15:2633105520937693. [PMID: 32671342 PMCID: PMC7338734 DOI: 10.1177/2633105520937693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by depositions of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides aggregates resulting in plaques formation in the central nervous system (CNS). This study evaluates the disease-modifying potential of scopoletin against multiple factors associated with AD such as cholinesterase enzymes, Aβ peptides, and neuroprotective properties against Aβ- and H2O2-induced cytotoxicity under in vitro conditions. Scopoletin was identified and quantified using UPLC-QTOF (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The antiamyloidogenic potential was evaluated by thioflavin T and congo red binding assay. Inhibition of key enzymes, that is, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, was investigated by Ellman's assay. UPLC-QTOF analysis showed that most abundant phytoconstituent present in Argyreia speciosa hydroalcoholic root extract was scopoletin followed by festuclavine and ergometrine. Scopoletin was further quantified using novel reverse phase (RP)-HPLC method developed in this study. The neuroprotective potential of scopoletin was found to be 69% against Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity and 73% against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cell culture at 40 μM final concentration. At the same concentration, scopoletin inhibited Aβ42 fibril formation up to 57%. The IC50 concentration for AChE and BuChE enzyme inhibition by scopoletin was 5.34 and 9.11 μM, respectively. The antiaggregation and enzyme inhibition results were complemented with strong molecular interactions of scopoletin with target proteins validated by in silico molecular docking analysis. Based on this study, it can be concluded that scopoletin can be used as a lead for amelioration of symptoms and disease-modifying effects in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kashyap
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS
Indraprastha University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Heera Ram
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas
University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunil Dutt Shukla
- Department of Zoology, Government Meera
Girls College, Udaipur, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS
Indraprastha University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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28
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Multitarget Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease: Review on Emerging Target Combinations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5120230. [PMID: 32714977 PMCID: PMC7354643 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5120230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent nowadays one of the major health problems. Despite the efforts made to unveil the mechanism leading to neurodegeneration, it is still not entirely clear what triggers this phenomenon and what allows its progression. Nevertheless, it is accepted that neurodegeneration is a consequence of several detrimental processes, such as protein aggregation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, finally resulting in the loss of neuronal functions. Starting from these evidences, there has been a wide search for novel agents able to address more than a single event at the same time, the so-called multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs). These compounds originated from the combination of different pharmacophoric elements which endowed them with the ability to interfere with different enzymatic and/or receptor systems, or to exert neuroprotective effects by modulating proteins and metal homeostasis. MTDLs have been the focus of the latest strategies to discover a new treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is considered the most common form of dementia characterized by neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunctions. This review is aimed at collecting the latest and most interesting target combinations for the treatment of AD, with a detailed discussion on new agents with favorable in vitro properties and on optimized structures that have already been assessed in vivo in animal models of dementia.
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29
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Jabir NR, Shakil S, Tabrez S, Khan MS, Rehman MT, Ahmed BA. In silico screening of glycogen synthase kinase-3β targeted ligands against acetylcholinesterase and its probable relevance to Alzheimer's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:5083-5092. [PMID: 32588759 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1784796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing global health concern that affects 10% of the population aged above 65 years. A growing body of evidence indicates that multi-targeted drugs might be useful therapeutic options owing to the heterogeneity of AD pathology. The current study exploited advanced computational biology tools to identify ligands that might display effective binding to two protein targets in the context of AD. The present study used in silico virtual screening of small molecules library to identify effectiveness against two AD targets viz. acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). PyRX-Python prescription with AutodockVina was used to generate binding energy profiles. Further screening was accomplished using SwissADME and molecular interaction studies. The present study obtained 48 ligands (absolute binding energy >8 kcal/mol), by virtual screening of 100 ligands. Among those, 13 ligands (BRW, 6VK, 6Z5, SMH, X37, 55E, 65 A, IQ6, 6VL, 6VM, F1B, 6Z2 and GVP) were selected based on blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, acceptable ADME properties as well as their molecular interaction profiles with the aforementioned AD-targets. The present study has predicted certain molecules that appear worthy to be tested for effectiveness against two AD targets, namely AChE and GSK-3β. However, the results warrant further wet laboratory validation, as computational studies are merely predictive in nature. This approach might be useful for future treatment of AD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimudeen R Jabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shazi Shakil
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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30
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Millan MJ, Dekeyne A, Gobert A, Brocco M, Mannoury la Cour C, Ortuno JC, Watson D, Fone KCF. Dual-acting agents for improving cognition and real-world function in Alzheimer's disease: Focus on 5-HT6 and D3 receptors as hubs. Neuropharmacology 2020; 177:108099. [PMID: 32525060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To date, there are no interventions that impede the inexorable progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and currently-available drugs cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and the N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptor antagonist, memantine, offer only modest symptomatic benefit. Moreover, a range of mechanistically-diverse agents (glutamatergic, histaminergic, monoaminergic, cholinergic) have disappointed in clinical trials, alone and/or in association with AChE inhibitors. This includes serotonin (5-HT) receptor-6 antagonists, despite compelling preclinical observations in rodents and primates suggesting a positive influence on cognition. The emphasis has so far been on high selectivity. However, for a multi-factorial disorder like idiopathic AD, 5-HT6 antagonists possessing additional pharmacological actions might be more effective, by analogy to "multi-target" antipsychotics. Based on this notion, drug discovery programmes have coupled 5-HT6 blockade to 5-HT4 agonism and inhibition of AchE. Further, combined 5-HT6/dopamine D3 receptor (D3) antagonists are of especial interest since D3 blockade mirrors 5-HT6 antagonism in exerting broad-based pro-cognitive properties in animals. Moreover, 5-HT6 and dopamine D3 antagonists promote neurocognition and social cognition via both distinctive and convergent actions expressed mainly in frontal cortex, including suppression of mTOR over-activation and reinforcement of cholinergic and glutamatergic transmission. In addition, 5-HT6 blockade affords potential anti-anxiety, anti-depressive and anti-epileptic properties, and antagonising 5-HT6 receptors may be associated with neuroprotective ("disease-modifying") properties. Finally D3 antagonism may counter psychotic episodes and D3 receptors themselves offer a promising hub for multi-target agents. The present article reviews the status of "R and D" into multi-target 5-HT6 and D3 ligands for improved treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders of aging. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Serotonin Research: Crossing Scales and Boundaries'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, 78290, Croissy sur Seine, France.
| | - Anne Dekeyne
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, 78290, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Alain Gobert
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, 78290, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Mauricette Brocco
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, 78290, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Clotilde Mannoury la Cour
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, 78290, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Jean-Claude Ortuno
- Centre for Excellence in Chemistry, Institut de Recherche Servier, 78290, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - David Watson
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, England, UK
| | - Kevin C F Fone
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, England, UK
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Ajmalicine and Reserpine: Indole Alkaloids as Multi-Target Directed Ligands Towards Factors Implicated in Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071609. [PMID: 32244635 PMCID: PMC7180484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by exponential loss of memory and cognitive deficit involving several disease modifying targets (amyloid beta, beta-secretase, monoaminoxidase-B, and cholinesterase). The present study explores multi-target directed ligand approach using secondary metabolite reserpine (RES) and ajmalicine (AJM) obtained from Rauwolfia serpentina roots. Novel LCMS and HPLC methods were developed for identification and quantification of reserpine and ajmalicine. In vitro enzyme inhibition assays were performed to evaluate anti-cholinesterase, β-site amyloid cleaving enzyme (BACE-1) inhibition and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibition, further analyzed with in silico analysis. Anti-amyloidogenic potential was studied using anti-aggregation studies along with TEM and circular dichroism (CD) analysis. In vitro neuroprotective potential against Aβ toxicity and anti-oxidative stress was demonstrated using PC12 cell cultures. Reserpine is a more potent dual cholinesterase inhibitor than ajmalicine (IC50 values of 1.7 μM (AChE) and 2.8 μM (BuChE)). The anti-aggregation activity of reserpine (68%) was more than ajmalicine (56%). Both compounds demonstrated neuroprotective activity against Aβ42 (92%) and H2O2 (93%) induced toxicity in PC12 cells against controls. Phytocompounds also inhibited MAO-B and BACE-1 enzymes in concentration dependent manner. Molecular docking studies indicated the strong binding of compounds to the catalytic site of targets. This novel study demonstrated that reserpine and ajmalicine as a multi-target directed ligand that have disease modifying potential for amelioration of AD.
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Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs; IGF1/IGF2), known for their regulation of cell and organismal growth and development, are evolutionarily conserved ligands with equivalent peptides present in flies (
D. melanogaster), worms (
C. elegans) among others. Two receptor tyrosine kinases, the IGF1 receptor and the insulin receptor mediate the actions of these ligands with a family of IGF binding proteins serving as selective inhibitors of IGF1/2. This treatise reviews recent findings on IGF signaling in cancer biology and central nervous system function. This includes overexpression of IGF1 receptors in enhancing tumorigenesis, acquired resistance and contributions to metastasis in multiple cancer types. There is accumulating evidence that insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, occurs in the central nervous system, independent of systemic insulin resistance and characterized by reduced insulin and IGF1 receptor signaling, and may contribute to dementias including Alzheimer’s Disease and cognitive impairment. Controversy over the role(s) of IGF signaling in cancer and whether its inhibition would be of benefit, still persist and extend to IGF1’s role in longevity and central nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Rosenzweig
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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Haghaei H, Soltani S, Aref Hosseini S, Rashidi MR, Karima S. Boswellic Acids as Promising Leads in Drug Development against Alzheimer’s Disease. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological activity of Boswellia extract (BE) has been attributed to its main active ingredients; i.e. Boswellic acids (BAs). BE/BAs possess a promising therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders; including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The multifactorial nature of AD pathophysiology necessitates the development of the disease-modifying agents (DMA). Recent multi-targeting approaches for the DMAs development have brought more attention to the plant-derived compounds regarding their better human compatibility because of their biologic origin. This review addresses the current knowledge on the anti-AD activity of BE/BAs based on the available in silico, in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials. The contribution of BE/BAs in inflammatory pathways, Tau and β-amyloid proteins, microtubule functions, oxidative stress, cholinesterase and diabetes/insulin pathways involved in AD have been discussed. BAs efficacy in different AD-related pathways has been confirmed in vitro and in vivo. They can be considered as valuable scaffold/lead compounds for multi-targeted DMAs in anti-AD drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Haghaei
- Nutrition and food Sciences Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somaieh Soltani
- Drug Applied Research Center and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Rashidi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
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34
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Scotti L, Monteiro AFM, de Oliveira Viana J, Mendonça Junior FJB, Ishiki HM, Tchouboun EN, Santos R, Scotti MT. Multi-Target Drugs Against Metabolic Disorders. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:402-418. [PMID: 30556507 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666181217123357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic disorders are a major cause of illness and death worldwide. Metabolism is the process by which the body makes energy from proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; chemically breaking these down in the digestive system towards sugars and acids which constitute the human body's fuel for immediate use, or to store in body tissues, such as the liver, muscles, and body fat. OBJECTIVE The efficiency of treatments for multifactor diseases has not been proved. It is accepted that to manage multifactor diseases, simultaneous modulation of multiple targets is required leading to the development of new strategies for discovery and development of drugs against metabolic disorders. METHODS In silico studies are increasingly being applied by researchers due to reductions in time and costs for new prototype synthesis; obtaining substances that present better therapeutic profiles. DISCUSSION In the present work, in addition to discussing multi-target drug discovery and the contributions of in silico studies to rational bioactive planning against metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, we review various in silico study contributions to the fight against human metabolic pathologies. CONCLUSION In this review, we have presented various studies involved in the treatment of metabolic disorders; attempting to obtain hybrid molecules with pharmacological activity against various targets and expanding biological activity by using different mechanisms of action to treat a single pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Scotti
- Teaching and Research Management - University Hospital, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Alex France Messias Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Jéssika de Oliveira Viana
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, Department of Biological Science, State University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Hamilton M Ishiki
- University of Western Sao Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Santos
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, Department of Biological Science, State University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Blaikie L, Kay G, Kong Thoo Lin P. Current and emerging therapeutic targets of alzheimer's disease for the design of multi-target directed ligands. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:2052-2072. [PMID: 32206241 PMCID: PMC7069509 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00337a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, and a major cause of death worldwide. The number of people suffering from this debilitating disorder is rising at an unprecedented rate, with a subsequent surge in healthcare costs. Only four drugs are clinically available for the treatment of AD symptoms, but they are not disease-modifying. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a cure. Although the cause of this debilitating condition remains poorly understood, it is believed that several factors may be involved in combination - including, health and lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors. In recent years, a number of hallmarks of the disease have also been discovered, and it is believed that these factors may play an important role in the development of AD. Amyloid aggregation is one such factor which has been highly investigated, in addition to cholinesterase enzymes and tau aggregation. In the last decade, multi-target drugs have been increasingly investigated for their application to AD treatment. By combining two or more pharmacophores in a single compound, it is possible to synthesise a drug which can target several factors that are involved in AD development. This is a particularly attractive approach as it would avoid the use of combination therapies. As a result, it could reduce the burden on carers and families, and decrease healthcare and social care costs. Many active pharmacophores have been employed for the development of hybrid drugs, due to their abilities to inhibit the factors currently widely recognised to be involved in AD. These compounds have demonstrated promising results; however, research is still required to optimise the pharmacological profiles of the drugs, in addition to their potencies. Meanwhile, extensive research is continuously being performed into other potential targets for the treatment of AD. Based on the results obtained thus far, it is likely that multi-target compounds will continue to be increasingly studied in the future as potential treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Blaikie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Robert Gordon University , Aberdeen , Scotland , UK .
| | - Graeme Kay
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Robert Gordon University , Aberdeen , Scotland , UK .
| | - Paul Kong Thoo Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Robert Gordon University , Aberdeen , Scotland , UK .
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36
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Catania M, Giaccone G, Salmona M, Tagliavini F, Di Fede G. Dreaming of a New World Where Alzheimer's Is a Treatable Disorder. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:317. [PMID: 31803047 PMCID: PMC6873113 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It’s a chronic and untreatable neurodegenerative disease with irreversible progression and has important social and economic implications in terms of direct medical and social care costs. Despite prolonged and expensive efforts employed by the scientific community over the last few decades, no effective treatments are still available for patients, and the development of disease-modifying drugs is now a really urgent need. The recent failure of clinical trials based on the immunotherapeutic approach against amyloid-β(Aβ) protein questioned the validity of the “amyloid cascade hypothesis” as the molecular machinery causing the disease. Indeed, most attempts to design effective treatments for AD have been based until now on molecular targets suggested to be implicated in AD pathogenesis by the amyloid cascade hypothesis. However, mounting evidence from scientific literature supports the view of AD as a multifactorial disease that results from the concomitant action of multiple molecular players. This view, together with the lack of success of the disease-modifying single-target approaches, strongly suggests that AD drug design needs to be shifted towards multi-targeted compounds or drug combinations acting synergistically on the main core features of disease pathogenesis. The discovery of drug candidates targeting multiple factors involved in AD would greatly improve drug development. So, it is reasonable that upcoming strategies for the design of preventive and/or therapeutic agents for AD point to a multi-pronged approach including more than one druggable target to definitely defeat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Catania
- Neurology V-Neuropathology Unit and Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Neurology V-Neuropathology Unit and Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Neurology V-Neuropathology Unit and Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Neurology V-Neuropathology Unit and Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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37
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Gutti G, Kakarla R, Kumar D, Beohar M, Ganeshpurkar A, Kumar A, Krishnamurthy S, Singh SK. Discovery of novel series of 2-substituted benzo[d]oxazol-5-amine derivatives as multi-target directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111613. [PMID: 31437780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with multifactorial neuropathological conditions, which include cholinergic deficit, amyloid-beta plaques formation, loss of neuronal plasticity and neuronal death. Treating such multifactorial conditions with a single target directed approach is considered to be inadequate. Accordingly, multi-target directed ligand (MTDL) strategy has been evolved as an auspicious approach for the treatment of AD. In light of that, a library of 2-substituted benzo[d]oxazol-5-amine derivatives (29-39; 86-107) was designed using the scaffold hopping guided MTDLs strategy, synthesized and evaluated through various in-vitro and in-vivo biological studies. The optimal compound 92 exhibited potent inhibitory activities against AChE (IC50 = 0.052 ± 0.010 μM), BuChE (IC50 = 1.085 ± 0.035 μM), and significant amyloid-beta aggregation (20 μM) inhibition. The compound possessed better blood-brain barrier permeability (Pe = 10.80 ± 0.055 × 10-6 cm s-1) in PAMPA assay and neuro protective properties (40 μM) on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, in-vivo behavioural studies were performed on Y-maze test (scopolamine-induced amnesia model) and Morris water maze test (Aβ1-42 induced ICV rat model). The compound 92, at a dose of 10 mg/kg oral administration, demonstrated a substantial improvement of the cognitive and special memory impairment. In summary, both in-vitro and in-vivo investigations evidenced that compound 92 was a potential lead for the discovery of safe and effective disease-modifying agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopichand Gutti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ramakrishna Kakarla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mahima Beohar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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38
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Zhang J, Yang C, Wei D, Li H, Leung ELH, Deng Q, Liu Z, Fan XX, Zhang Z. Long-term efficacy of Chinese medicine Bushen Capsule on cognition and brain activity in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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39
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Fronza MG, Baldinotti R, Martins MC, Goldani B, Dalberto BT, Kremer FS, Begnini K, Pinto LDS, Lenardão EJ, Seixas FK, Collares T, Alves D, Savegnago L. Rational design, cognition and neuropathology evaluation of QTC-4-MeOBnE in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7276. [PMID: 31086208 PMCID: PMC6513848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial pathology characterized by amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary formation, oxidative stress and cholinergic system dysfunction. In this sense, here we report the rational design of a multi-target directed ligand (MTDL) for AD based on virtual screening and bioinformatic analyses, exploring the molecular targets β-secretase (BACE-1), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). After this screening, the compound with higher molecular docking affinity was selected, the 1-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4 carboxamide(QTC-4-MeOBnE). To further our studies, the protective effect of QTC-4-MeOBnE (0.1 and 1 mg/kg for 20 days) on STZ-induced sporadic AD mice was determined. QTC-4-MeOBnE pretreatment attenuated cognitive and memory deficit induced by STZ in an object recognition test, Y-maze, social recognition test and step-down passive avoidance. The mechanisms underlying this action might be attributed to the reduction of lipid peroxidation and reactive species formation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice submitted to STZ. In addition, QTC-4-MeOBnE pretreatment abolished the up-regulation of AChE activity and the overexpression of GSK 3β and genes involved in amyloid cascade such as BACE-1, protein precursor amyloid, у-secretase, induced by STZ. Moreover, toxicological parameters were not modified by QTC-4-MeOBnE chronic treatment. This evidence suggests that QTC-4-MeOBnE exerts its therapeutic effect through multiple pathways involved in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Fronza
- Research Group on Neurobiotechnology - GPN, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Baldinotti
- Research Group on Neurobiotechnology - GPN, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Martins
- Research Group on Neurobiotechnology - GPN, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Goldani
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, CCQFA, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Thaís Dalberto
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, CCQFA, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Frederico Schmitt Kremer
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Proteomics - BIOPRO-LAB, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Begnini
- Oncology Research Group - GPO, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano da Silva Pinto
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Proteomics - BIOPRO-LAB, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, CCQFA, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana K Seixas
- Oncology Research Group - GPO, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Oncology Research Group - GPO, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, CCQFA, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Research Group on Neurobiotechnology - GPN, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Podsiedlik M, Markowicz-Piasecka M, Mikiciuk-Olasik E, Sikora J. The Associations between Central Nervous System Diseases and Haemostatic Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:307-316. [PMID: 30868969 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190314101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to examine the relationship between the occurrence of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, the medicines used in their treatment and the blood coagulation process. The paper mainly focuses on the effects of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs. Special attention has been paid to the influence of drugs on platelets, the vascular endothelium, plasma coagulation and fibrinolysis, regarding coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Podsiedlik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Mikiciuk-Olasik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Mishra P, Kumar A, Panda G. Anti-cholinesterase hybrids as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer’s disease (1998–2018). Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:895-930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wang H, Zhang H. Reconsideration of Anticholinesterase Therapeutic Strategies against Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:852-862. [PMID: 30521323 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is well-known as a severe neurodegeneration disease involving complicated etiologies, and cholinesterase inhibition remain the prevailing mode of clinical intervention in AD management. Although most clinically applied cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) achieve limited clinical outcomes, research on the central cholinergic system is still thriving. Recently, an impressive amount of knowledge regarding novel acetylcholinesterase functions, as well as the close association between the central cholinergic system and other key elements for AD pathogenesis, has accumulated, highlighting that this field still has great potential for future drug development. In contrast to the overwhelmingly disappointing clinical therapeutic effects of various disease-modifying drug candidates, interesting evidence has continued to emerge over the past 20 years from the wealth of preclinical and clinical data on the usage of ChEIs, indicating underestimated clinical benefits due to physician ambivalence, a lack of persistent treatment, and inappropriate medication times or doses. Here we pinpoint several topics fit for future attention, focusing on the updated cholinergic hypothesis, especially the pleiotropic relationships with key pathogenetic signaling pathways and functions in AD, as well as possible novel therapeutic strategies, including novel ChEIs and cholinesterase inhibition-based innovative multifunctional therapeutic candidates. We intend to strengthen the future value of the precise application of cholinergic drugs, especially novel ChEIs, as a cornerstone pharmacological approach to AD treatment, either alone or in combination with other targets, to relieve symptoms and to modify disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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43
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Novel Approach for the Search for Chemical Scaffolds with Dual Activity with Acetylcholinesterase and the α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-A Perspective for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030446. [PMID: 30691196 PMCID: PMC6384821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, belong to the group of the most difficult and challenging conditions with very limited treatment options. Attempts to find new drugs in most cases fail at the clinical stage. New tactics to develop better drug candidates to manage these diseases are urgently needed. It is evident that better understanding of the neurodegeneration process is required and targeting multiple receptors may be essential. Herein, we present a novel approach, searching for dual active compounds interacting with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) using computational chemistry methods including homology modelling and high throughput virtual screening. Activities of identified hits were evaluated at the two targets using the colorimetric method of Ellman and two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology, respectively. Out of 87,250 compounds from a ZINC database of natural products and their derivatives, we identified two compounds, 8 and 9, with dual activity and balanced IC50 values of 10 and 5 µM at AChE, and 34 and 14 µM at α7 nAChR, respectively. This is the first report presenting successful use of virtual screening in finding compounds with dual mode of action inhibiting both the AChE enzyme and the α7 nAChR and shows that computational methods can be a valuable tool in the early lead discovery process.
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Kumar B, Dwivedi AR, Sarkar B, Gupta SK, Krishnamurthy S, Mantha AK, Parkash J, Kumar V. 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidine Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase and Acetylcholinesterase for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:252-265. [PMID: 30296051 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial pathogenesis. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase enzymes (AChE) are potential targets for the treatment of AD. A total of 15 new propargyl containing 4,6-diphenylpyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and screened for the MAO and AChE inhibition activities along with ROS production inhibition and metal-chelation potential. All the synthesized compounds were found to be selective and potent inhibitors of MAO-A and AChE enzymes at nanomolar concentrations. VB1 was found to be the most potent MAO-A and BuChE inhibitor with IC50 values of 18.34 ± 0.38 nM and 0.666 ± 0.03 μM, respectively. It also showed potent AChE inhibition with an IC50 value of 30.46 ± 0.23 nM. Compound VB8 was found to be the most potent AChE inhibitor with an IC50 value of 9.54 ± 0.07 nM and displayed an IC50 value of 1010 ± 70.42 nM against the MAO-A isoform. In the cytotoxic studies, these compounds were found to be nontoxic to the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells even at 25 μM concentration. All the compounds were found to be reversible inhibitors of MAO-A and AChE enzymes. In addition, these compounds also showed good neuroprotective properties against 6-OHDA- and H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. All the compounds accommodate nicely to the hydrophobic cavity of MAO-A and AChE enzymes. In the molecular dynamics simulation studies, both VB1 and VB8 were found to be stable in the respective cavities for 30 ns. Thus, 4,6-diphenylpyrimidine derivatives can act as promising leads in the development of dual-acting inhibitors targeting MAO-A and AChE enzymes for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Dwivedi
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Bibekananda Sarkar
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Sukesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anil K. Mantha
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
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Sharma P, Srivastava P, Seth A, Tripathi PN, Banerjee AG, Shrivastava SK. Comprehensive review of mechanisms of pathogenesis involved in Alzheimer's disease and potential therapeutic strategies. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 174:53-89. [PMID: 30599179 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia in an aging population worldwide. The enormous challenge which AD possesses to global healthcare makes it as urgent as ever for the researchers to develop innovative treatment strategies to fight this disease. An in-depth analysis of the extensive available data associated with the AD is needed for a more comprehensive understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological pathways associated with the onset and progression of the AD. The currently understood pathological and biochemical manifestations include cholinergic, Aβ, tau, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, ApoE, CREB signaling pathways, insulin resistance, etc. However, these hypotheses have been criticized with several conflicting reports for their involvement in the disease progression. Several issues need to be addressed such as benefits to cost ratio with cholinesterase therapy, the dilemma of AChE selectivity over BChE, BBB permeability of peptidic BACE-1 inhibitors, hurdles related to the implementation of vaccination and immunization therapy, and clinical failure of candidates related to newly available targets. The present review provides an insight to the different molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of the AD and potential therapeutic strategies, enlightening perceptions into structural information of conventional and novel targets along with the successful applications of computational approaches for the design of target-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh Sharma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pavan Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Ankit Seth
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Prabhash Nath Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Anupam G Banerjee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sushant K Shrivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.
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Chernov NM, Shutov RV, Barygin OI, Dron MY, Starova GL, Kuz'mich NN, Yakovlev IP. Synthesis of Chromone-Containing Allylmorpholines through a Morita-Baylis-Hillman-Type Reaction. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita M. Chernov
- Organic Chemistry Department; Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University; Prof. Popov st. 14 197376 Saint-Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Roman V. Shutov
- Organic Chemistry Department; Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University; Prof. Popov st. 14 197376 Saint-Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Oleg I. Barygin
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS; Torez pr. 44 194223 Saint-Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Y. Dron
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS; Torez pr. 44 194223 Saint-Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Galina L. Starova
- Department of Chemistry; Saint-Petersburg State University; Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 Petrodvorets, Saint-Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay N. Kuz'mich
- Department of Drug Safety; Research Institute of Influenza; WHO National Influenza Centre of Russia; Prof. Popov st. 15/17 197376 Saint-Petersburg Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Institute of Biotechnology and Translational medicine; I. M. Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University; Trubetskaya st. 8-2 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Igor P. Yakovlev
- Organic Chemistry Department; Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University; Prof. Popov st. 14 197376 Saint-Petersburg Russian Federation
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Li H, Wang X, Yu H, Zhu J, Jin H, Wang A, Yang Z. Combining in vitro and in silico Approaches to Find New Candidate Drugs Targeting the Pathological Proteins Related to the Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:758-768. [PMID: 29086699 PMCID: PMC6080099 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171030142108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as the most common cause of dementia among older people has aroused the universal concern of the whole world. However, until now there is still none effective treatments. Consequently, the development of new drugs targeting this complicated brain disorder is urgent and needs more efforts. In this review, we detailed the current state of knowledge about new candidate drugs targeting the pathological proteins especially the drugs which are employed using the combined methods of in vitro and in silico. Methods: We looked up and reviewed online papers related to the pathogenesis and new drugs development of AD. Then, articles up to the requirements were respectively analyzed and summaried to provide the latest knowledge about the pathogenic effect and the new candidate drugs targeting Aβ and Tau proteins. Results: New candidate drugs targeting the Aβ include decreasing the production, promoting the clearence and preventing aggregation. However these drugs have mostly failed in Phase III clinical trial stage due to the unsuccessful of reversing cognition symptoms. As to tau protein, the prevention of tau aggregation and propagation is a promising strategy to synthesize/design mechanism-based drugs against tauopathies. Some candidate drugs are under research. Moreover, because of the complex pathogenesis of AD, multi-target drugs have also shed light on the treatment of AD. Conclusion: Given to the consecutive failure of Aβ-directed drugs and the feasibilities of tau-targeted therapy, more and more researchers suggested that the AD treatment should be moved from Aβ to tau or focused on considering the soluble form of Aβ and tau as a whole. Moreover, the novel in silico methods also have great potential in drug discovery, drug repositioning, virtual screening of chemical libraries. No matter how many difficulties and challenges in prevention and treatment of AD, we firmly believe that the effective and safe drugs will be found using the combined methods in the immediate future with the global effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Tumor Marker Research Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Hongtao Jin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
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Kumar A, Tiwari A, Sharma A. Changing Paradigm from one Target one Ligand Towards Multi-target Directed Ligand Design for Key Drug Targets of Alzheimer Disease: An Important Role of In Silico Methods in Multi-target Directed Ligands Design. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:726-739. [PMID: 29542413 PMCID: PMC6080096 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180315141643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is now considered as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder and rapidly increasing to an alarming situation and causing higher death rate. One target one ligand hypothesis does not provide complete solution of AD due to multifactorial nature of the disease and one target one drug fails to provide better treatment against AD. Moreo-ver, currently available treatments are limited and most of the upcoming treatments under clinical trials are based on modulat-ing single target. So, the current AD drug discovery research is shifting towards a new approach for a better solution that simultaneously modulates more than one targets in the neurodegenerative cascade. This can be achieved by network pharma-cology, multi-modal therapies, multifaceted, and/or the more recently proposed term “multi-targeted designed drugs”. Drug discovery project is a tedious, costly and long-term project. Moreover, multi-target AD drug discovery added extra challeng-es such as the good binding affinity of ligands for multiple targets, optimal ADME/T properties, no/less off-target side effect and crossing of the blood-brain barrier. These hurdles may be addressed by insilico methods for an efficient solution in less time and cost as computational methods successfully applied to single target drug discovery project. Here, we are summariz-ing some of the most prominent and computationally explored single targets against AD and further, we discussed a success-ful example of dual or multiple inhibitors for same targets. Moreover, we focused on ligand and structure-based computa-tional approach to design MTDL against AD. However, it is not an easy task to balance dual activity in a single molecule but computational approach such as virtual screening docking, QSAR, simulation and free energy is useful in future MTDLs drug discovery alone or in combination with a fragment-based method. However, rational and logical implementations of computational drug designing methods are capable of assisting AD drug discovery and play an important role in optimizing multi-target drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, (U.P.), India
| | - Ashish Tiwari
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, (U.P.), India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, (U.P.), India
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Uncaria rhynchophylla ameliorates amyloid beta deposition and amyloid beta-mediated pathology in 5XFAD mice. Neurochem Int 2018; 121:114-124. [PMID: 30291956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
One of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the abnormal aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR), one of the Uncaria species, has long been used to treat neurodegenerative disease. In particular, it has been reported that UR inhibits aggregation of Aβ in vitro. However, little is known about the histological effects of UR treatment on Aβ pathology in AD animal models. In the present study, we investigated the effect of UR on Aβ aggregation, Aβ-mediated pathologies and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the brain of 5XFAD mice. First, using the thioflavin T assay and amyloid staining, we demonstrated that UR treatment effectively inhibited Aβ aggregation and accumulation in the cortex and subiculum. Second, immunofluorescence staining showed that administration of UR attenuated gliosis and neurodegeneration in the subiculum and cortex. Third, UR treatment ameliorated impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis. The present results indicate that UR significantly alleviates Aβ deposition and Aβ-mediated neuropathology in the brain in 5XFAD mice, suggesting the potency of UR as a preventive and therapeutic agent for AD.
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Proschak E, Stark H, Merk D. Polypharmacology by Design: A Medicinal Chemist's Perspective on Multitargeting Compounds. J Med Chem 2018; 62:420-444. [PMID: 30035545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multitargeting compounds comprising activity on more than a single biological target have gained remarkable relevance in drug discovery owing to the complexity of multifactorial diseases such as cancer, inflammation, or the metabolic syndrome. Polypharmacological drug profiles can produce additive or synergistic effects while reducing side effects and significantly contribute to the high therapeutic success of indispensable drugs such as aspirin. While their identification has long been the result of serendipity, medicinal chemistry now tends to design polypharmacology. Modern in vitro pharmacological methods and chemical probes allow a systematic search for rational target combinations and recent innovations in computational technologies, crystallography, or fragment-based design equip multitarget compound development with valuable tools. In this Perspective, we analyze the relevance of multiple ligands in drug discovery and the versatile toolbox to design polypharmacology. We conclude that despite some characteristic challenges remaining unresolved, designed polypharmacology holds enormous potential to secure future therapeutic innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , D-60438 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Universitaetsstrasse 1 , D-40225 , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 , D-60438 Frankfurt , Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
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