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Baud O, Knoop M. [Oxytocin as a neuroprotective strategy in neonates: concept and preclinical evidence]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2024; 52:418-424. [PMID: 38145743 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prematurity and intra-uterine growth retardation are responsible for brain damage associated with various neurocognitive and behavioral disorders in more than 9 million children each year. Most pharmacological strategies aimed at preventing perinatal brain injury have not demonstrated substantial clinical benefits so far. In contrast, enrichment of the newborn's environment appears to have positive effects on brain structure and function, influences newborn hormonal responses, and has lasting neurobehavioral consequences during infancy and adulthood. Oxytocin (OT), a neuropeptide released by the hypothalamus, may represent the hormonal basis for these long-term effects. METHOD This review of the literature summarizes the knowledge concerning the effect of OT in the newborn and the preclinical data supporting its neuroprotective effect. RESULTS OT plays a role during the perinatal period, in parent-child attachment and in social behavior. Furthermore, preclinical studies strongly suggest that endogenous and synthetic OT is capable of regulating the inflammatory response of the central nervous system in response to situations of prematurity or more generally insults to the developing brain. The long-term effect of synthetic OT administration during labor is also discussed. CONCLUSION All the conceptual and experimental data converge to indicate that OT would be a promising candidate for neonatal neuroprotection, in particular through the regulation of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Baud
- Laboratoire du développement, Université de Genève, Genève, Suisse; Inserm U1141, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Soins Intensifs Pédiatriques et Néonatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève, Suisse.
| | - Marit Knoop
- Laboratoire du développement, Université de Genève, Genève, Suisse
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2
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Shah DK, Pereira S, Lodygensky GA. Long-Term Neurologic Consequences following Fetal Growth Restriction: The Impact on Brain Reserve. Dev Neurosci 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38740013 DOI: 10.1159/000539266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction (FGR) corresponds to the fetus's inability to achieve an adequate weight gain based on genetic potential and gestational age. It is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. SUMMARY In this review, we address the challenges of diagnosis and classification of FGR. We review how chronic fetal hypoxia impacts brain development. We describe recent advances on placental and fetal brain imaging using magnetic resonance imaging and how they offer new noninvasive means to study growth restriction in humans. We go on to review the impact of FGR on brain integrity in the neonatal period, later childhood, and adulthood and review available therapies. KEY MESSAGES FGR consequences are not limited to the perinatal period. We hypothesize that impaired brain reserve, as defined by structure and size, may predict some concerning epidemiological data of impaired cognitive outcomes and dementia with aging in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyen K Shah
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Susana Pereira
- Obstetrics and Maternity Care, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Gregory A Lodygensky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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3
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Caradeux J, Martínez-Portilla RJ, Martínez-Egea J, Ávila F, Figueras F. Routine third-trimester ultrasound assessment for intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2024; 6:101294. [PMID: 38281581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction significantly impacts perinatal outcomes. Undetected IUGR escalates the risk of adverse outcomes. Serial symphysis-fundal height measurement, a recommended strategy, is insufficient in detecting abnormal fetal growth. Routine third-trimester ultrasounds significantly improve detection rates compared with this approach, but direct high-quality evidence supporting enhanced perinatal outcomes from routine scanning is lacking. In assessing fetal growth, abdominal circumference alone performs comparably to estimated fetal weight. Hadlock formulas demonstrate accurate fetal weight estimation across diverse gestational ages and settings. When choosing growth charts, prescriptive standards (encompassing healthy pregnancies) should be prioritized over descriptive ones. Customized fetal standards may enhance antenatal IUGR detection, but conclusive high-quality evidence is elusive. Emerging observational data suggest that longitudinal fetal growth assessment could predict adverse outcomes better. However, direct randomized trial evidence supporting this remains insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Caradeux
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (Drs Caradeux and Ávila)
| | - Raigam J Martínez-Portilla
- Clinical Research Branch, Evidence-Based Medicine Department, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico (Dr Martínez-Portilla)
| | - Judit Martínez-Egea
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Instituto Clínic de Ginecología, Obstetricia i Neonatología, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Martínez-Egea and Figueras)
| | - Francisco Ávila
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (Drs Caradeux and Ávila)
| | - Francesc Figueras
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Instituto Clínic de Ginecología, Obstetricia i Neonatología, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Martínez-Egea and Figueras).
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4
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Shah PE, Poehlmann J, Weeks HM, Spinelli M, Richards B, Suh J, Kaciroti N. Developmental trajectories of late preterm infants and predictors of academic performance. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:684-691. [PMID: 37626121 PMCID: PMC11439267 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The trajectories of late preterm development from infancy to kindergarten reading and math, and predictors of academic resilience and risk are unknown. METHODS Sample included 1200 late preterm infants (LPIs) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort. Objective measurements of development at 9 and 24 months (Bayley-SFR) and reading and math academic achievement at preschool and kindergarten were standardized; trajectories of late preterm development from 9 months to kindergarten reading and math were identified using latent class growth analysis. Multinomial logistic regression [aOR, 95% CI] identified predictors of academic resilience and risk. RESULTS Four trajectory groups were observed for reading and three for math. More optimal trajectories (in reading and math) and academic resilience were associated with experiencing sensitive parenting and preschool attendance. Suboptimal (at-risk) trajectories (in reading or math) and an increased odds of academic risk were associated with CONCLUSIONS LPI trajectories varied from infancy to kindergarten. More sensitive parenting and preschool attendance predicted academic resilience, and should be encouraged. Select risk factors (prenatal smoking, twin/multiple gestation, male sex, IMPACT Late preterm infants (LPIs) have developmental risks compared to full terms. LPI trajectories of early reading and math varied from infancy to kindergarten. We identified predictors of academic resilience and risk, which can help inform anticipatory guidance provided to LPIs prior to kindergarten. Promotive factors (sensitive parenting and preschool enrollment) predicted academic resilience. Select maternal and neonatal characteristics (
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi E Shah
- Division of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Julie Poehlmann
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Heidi M Weeks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Spinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Blair Richards
- Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research (MICHR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joohee Suh
- Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public of Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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5
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Ahmadzadeh E, Polglase GR, Stojanovska V, Herlenius E, Walker DW, Miller SL, Allison BJ. Does fetal growth restriction induce neuropathology within the developing brainstem? J Physiol 2023; 601:4667-4689. [PMID: 37589339 PMCID: PMC10953350 DOI: 10.1113/jp284191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a complex obstetric issue describing a fetus that does not reach its genetic growth potential. The primary cause of FGR is placental dysfunction resulting in chronic fetal hypoxaemia, which in turn causes altered neurological, cardiovascular and respiratory development, some of which may be pathophysiological, particularly for neonatal life. The brainstem is the critical site of cardiovascular, respiratory and autonomic control, but there is little information describing how chronic hypoxaemia and the resulting FGR may affect brainstem neurodevelopment. This review provides an overview of the brainstem-specific consequences of acute and chronic hypoxia, and what is known in FGR. In addition, we discuss how brainstem structural alterations may impair functional control of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Finally, we highlight the clinical and translational findings of the potential roles of the brainstem in maintaining cardiorespiratory adaptation in the transition from fetal to neonatal life under normal conditions and in response to the pathological environment that arises during development in growth-restricted infants. This review emphasises the crucial role that the brainstem plays in mediating cardiovascular and respiratory responses during fetal and neonatal life. We assess whether chronic fetal hypoxaemia might alter structure and function of the brainstem, but this also serves to highlight knowledge gaps regarding FGR and brainstem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadzadeh
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Graeme R. Polglase
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Eric Herlenius
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children´s HospitalKarolinska University Hospital StockholmSolnaSweden
| | - David W. Walker
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRoyal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Suzanne L. Miller
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Beth J. Allison
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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6
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Baud O, Knoop M, Jacquens A, Possovre ML. [Oxytocin: a new target for neuroprotection?]. Biol Aujourdhui 2023; 216:145-153. [PMID: 36744980 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2022012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Every year, 30 million infants worldwide are delivered after intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) and 15 million are born preterm. These two conditions are the leading causes of ante-/perinatal stress and brain injury responsible for neurocognitive and behavioral disorders affecting more than 9 million children each year. Most pharmacological candidates to prevent perinatal brain damage have failed to demonstrate substantial benefits. In contrast, environment enrichment based on developmental care, skin-to-skin contact and vocal/music exposure appear to exert positive effects on brain structure and function. However, mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. There is strong evidence that an adverse environment during pregnancy and the neonatal period can influence hormonal responses of the newborn with long-lasting neurobehavioral consequences in infancy and adulthood. In particular, excessive cortisol release in response to perinatal stress associated with prematurity or IUGR is recognized to induce brain-programming effects and neuroinflammation, a key predictor of subsequent neurological impairments. These deleterious effects are known to be balanced by oxytocin (OT), a neuropeptide released by the hypothalamus, which plays a role during the perinatal period and in social behavior. In addition, preclinical studies suggest that OT is able to regulate the central inflammatory response to injury in the adult brain. Using a rodent model of IUGR associated with developing white matter damage, we recently reported that carbetocin, a brain permeable OT receptor (OTR) agonist, induced a significant reduction of activated microglia, the primary immune cells of the brain. Moreover, this reduced microglia reactivity was associated with long-term neuroprotection. These findings make OT a promising candidate for neonatal neuroprotection through neuroinflammation regulation. However, the mechanisms linking endogenous OT and central inflammation response to injury have not yet been established. Further studies are needed to assess the protective role of OT in the developing brain through modulation of microglial activation, a key feature of brain injury observed in infants born preterm or growth-restricted. They are expected to have several impacts in the near future not only for improving knowledge of microglial cell physiology and reactivity during brain development, but also to design clinical trials testing interventions associated with endogenous OT release as a relevant strategy to alleviate neuroinflammation in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Baud
- Laboratoire du développement, Université de Genève, Genève, Suisse - Inserm U1141, Université Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France - Service de Soins Intensifs Pédiatriques et Néonatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, 30 boulevard de Cluse, 1205 Genève, Suisse
| | - Marit Knoop
- Laboratoire du développement, Université de Genève, Genève, Suisse
| | - Alice Jacquens
- Laboratoire du développement, Université de Genève, Genève, Suisse - Inserm U1141, Université Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
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7
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Lovato I, Simonelli A, Visentin S, Priante E, Baraldi E, Sacchi C. Prenatal environment and developmental trajectories: the intrauterine growth restriction. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2023; 75:62-74. [PMID: 35708036 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.22.06949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The prenatal environment is of fundamental importance for the fetus, as the fetus is particularly susceptible to environmental influences while in utero, and several prenatal adversities may constitute a risk factor for fetal growth and child development. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to a pregnancy complication involving the inadequate growth of the fetus in utero, with potential programming consequences on the children's brain-behavior development. In this narrative review we will discuss the most recent literature about IUGR children, including their development and their relationship with the prenatal and postnatal environment. In particular, as an attempt to an adaptive response to intrauterine changes, the brain development of IUGR fetuses follows abnormal developmental pathways, which likely has cascade effects on the future neurodevelopmental outcomes of the children. Cognitive and motor functions are in fact impaired, as well as IUGR children present, across studies, poor socio-emotional abilities and a greater risk for internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. The current work also highlights how the postnatal environment, and in particular parental care, has an important role in IUGR development, acting as a protective factor, or otherwise increasing their constitutional vulnerabilities. Overall, this narrative review has important implications for clinical practice, suggesting the need for long-term follow-up care with IUGR children and strategies supporting parent-child interactions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lovato
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Simonelli
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Visentin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Priante
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Sacchi
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padua, Italy -
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8
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The Role of Oxytocin in Abnormal Brain Development: Effect on Glial Cells and Neuroinflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233899. [PMID: 36497156 PMCID: PMC9740972 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal period is critical for brain development and determinant for long-term brain trajectory. Yet, this time concurs with a sensitivity and risk for numerous brain injuries following perinatal complications such as preterm birth. Brain injury in premature infants leads to a complex amalgam of primary destructive diseases and secondary maturational and trophic disturbances and, as a consequence, to long-term neurocognitive and behavioral problems. Neuroinflammation is an important common factor in these complications, which contributes to the adverse effects on brain development. Mediating this inflammatory response forms a key therapeutic target in protecting the vulnerable developing brain when complications arise. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) plays an important role in the perinatal period, and its importance for lactation and social bonding in early life are well-recognized. Yet, novel functions of OT for the developing brain are increasingly emerging. In particular, OT seems able to modulate glial activity in neuroinflammatory states, but the exact mechanisms underlying this connection are largely unknown. The current review provides an overview of the oxytocinergic system and its early life development across rodent and human. Moreover, we cover the most up-to-date understanding of the role of OT in neonatal brain development and the potential neuroprotective effects it holds when adverse neural events arise in association with neuroinflammation. A detailed assessment of the underlying mechanisms between OT treatment and astrocyte and microglia reactivity is given, as well as a focus on the amygdala, a brain region of crucial importance for socio-emotional behavior, particularly in infants born preterm.
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9
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Dai Y, Trout KK, Liu J. Perinatal Physiological and Psychological Risk Factors and Childhood Sleep Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022; 43:e629-e644. [PMID: 36067425 PMCID: PMC10002289 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of maternal physiological and psychological factors during pregnancy and after birth on infant and children's sleep outcomes. METHODS Six databases were searched from inception to April 2021. Longitudinal studies that investigated the association of risk factors during and after pregnancy and children's sleep-related outcomes were included. Hedge's g and odds ratio were pooled as effect size with random effects model. RESULTS A total of 32 articles were included. Both prenatal maternal alcohol use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-3.28) and tobacco smoking (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01-1.62) were associated with shorter child sleep duration. Prenatal and postnatal maternal depression symptoms were associated with increased child sleep problems at age 6 months (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.19-3.24, and 2.05, 95% CI: 1.37-3.07, respectively). Prenatal and postnatal maternal major depression disorders were associated with shorter sleep duration (Hedge's g = -0.97, 95% CI: -1.57 to -0.37) and lower sleep efficiency (Hedge's g = -1.44, 95% CI: -1.93 to -0.95). Prenatal anxiety had no impact on child sleep problems (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.86-2.10). CONCLUSION Maternal pregnancy and obstetric factors and psychological factors are potential risk factors of poor child sleep health. Future research is warranted to better understand the impact of these risk factors on long-term child sleep outcomes and their potential mediating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dai
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Sangüesa G, Batlle M, Muñoz-Moreno E, Soria G, Alcarraz A, Rubies C, Sitjà-Roqueta L, Solana E, Martínez-Heras E, Meza-Ramos A, Amaro S, Llufriu S, Mont L, Guasch E. Intense long-term training impairs brain health compared with moderate exercise: Experimental evidence and mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1518:282-298. [PMID: 36256544 PMCID: PMC10092505 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of extremely intense long-term exercise for brain health remain unknown. We studied the effects of strenuous exercise on brain structure and function, its dose-response relationship, and mechanisms in a rat model of endurance training. Five-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned to moderate (MOD) or intense (INT) exercise or a sedentary (SED) group for 16 weeks. MOD rats showed the highest motivation and learning capacity in operant conditioning experiments; SED and INT presented similar results. In vivo MRI demonstrated enhanced global and regional connectivity efficiency and clustering as well as a higher cerebral blood flow (CBF) in MOD but not INT rats compared with SED. In the cortex, downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation complex IV and AMPK activation denoted mitochondrial dysfunction in INT rats. An imbalance in cortical antioxidant capacity was found between MOD and INT rats. The MOD group showed the lowest hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. The mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory markers were similar in all groups. In conclusion, strenuous long-term exercise yields a lesser improvement in learning ability than moderate exercise. Blunting of MOD-induced improvements in CBF and connectivity efficiency, accompanied by impaired mitochondrial energetics and, possibly, transient local oxidative stress, may underlie the findings in intensively trained rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sangüesa
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Muñoz-Moreno
- Experimental 7T MRI Unit, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Soria
- Experimental 7T MRI Unit, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Laboratory of Surgical Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Alcarraz
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cira Rubies
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laia Sitjà-Roqueta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Solana
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eloy Martínez-Heras
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aline Meza-Ramos
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City, Mexico.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergi Amaro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Comprehensive Stroke Center, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sara Llufriu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (ImaginEM), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Mont
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Institute, Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Institute, Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina seu Casanova, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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11
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Siffredi V, Liverani MC, Freitas LGA, Tadros D, Farouj Y, Borradori Tolsa C, Van De Ville D, Hüppi PS, Ha-Vinh Leuchter R. Large-scale brain network dynamics in very preterm children and relationship with socio-emotional outcomes: an exploratory study. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-02342-y. [PMID: 36329223 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born very preterm (VPT; <32 weeks' gestation) are at high risk of neurodevelopmental and behavioural difficulties associated with atypical brain maturation, including socio-emotional difficulties. The analysis of large-scale brain network dynamics during rest allows us to investigate brain functional connectivity and its association with behavioural outcomes. METHODS Dynamic functional connectivity was extracted by using the innovation-driven co-activation patterns framework in VPT and full-term children aged 6-9 to explore changes in spatial organisation, laterality and temporal dynamics of spontaneous large-scale brain activity (VPT, n = 28; full-term, n = 12). Multivariate analysis was used to explore potential biomarkers for socio-emotional difficulties in VPT children. RESULTS The spatial organisation of the 13 retrieved functional networks was comparable across groups. Dynamic features and lateralisation of network brain activity were also comparable for all brain networks. Multivariate analysis unveiled group differences in associations between dynamical functional connectivity parameters with socio-emotional abilities. CONCLUSION In this exploratory study, the group differences observed might reflect reduced degrees of maturation of functional architecture in the VPT group in regard to socio-emotional abilities. Dynamic features of functional connectivity could represent relevant neuroimaging markers and inform on potential mechanisms through which preterm birth leads to neurodevelopmental and behavioural disorders. IMPACT Spatial organisation of the retrieved resting-state networks was comparable between school-aged very preterm and full-term children. Dynamic features and lateralisation of network brain activity were also comparable across groups. Multivariate pattern analysis revealed different patterns of association between dynamical functional connectivity parameters and socio-emotional abilities in the very preterm and full-term groups. Findings suggest a reduced degree of maturation of the functional architecture in the very preterm group in association with socio-emotional abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Siffredi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Écublens, Switzerland. .,Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Chiara Liverani
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,SensoriMotor, Affective and Social Development Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorena G A Freitas
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Écublens, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Tadros
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Écublens, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y Farouj
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Écublens, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Borradori Tolsa
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Écublens, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petra Susan Hüppi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Russia Ha-Vinh Leuchter
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Altered Cord Blood Lipid Concentrations Correlate with Birth Weight and Doppler Velocimetry of Fetal Vessels in Human Fetal Growth Restriction Pregnancies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193110. [PMID: 36231072 PMCID: PMC9562243 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with short- and long-term morbidity, often with fetal compromise in utero, evidenced by abnormal Doppler velocimetry of fetal vessels. Lipids are vital for growth and development, but metabolism in FGR pregnancy, where fetuses do not grow to full genetic potential, is poorly understood. We hypothesize that triglyceride concentrations are increased in placentas and that important complex lipids are reduced in cord plasma from pregnancies producing the smallest babies (birth weight < 5%) and correlate with ultrasound Dopplers. Dopplers (umbilical artery, UA; middle cerebral artery, MCA) were assessed longitudinally in pregnancies diagnosed with estimated fetal weight (EFW) < 10% at ≥29 weeks gestation. For a subset of enrolled women, placentas and cord blood were collected at delivery, fatty acids were extracted and targeted lipid class analysis (triglyceride, TG; phosphatidylcholine, PC; lysophosphatidylcholine, LPC; eicosanoid) performed by LCMS. For this sub-analysis, participants were categorized as FGR (Fenton birth weight, BW ≤ 5%) or SGA "controls" (Fenton BW > 5%). FGRs (n = 8) delivered 1 week earlier (p = 0.04), were 29% smaller (p = 0.002), and had 133% higher UA pulsatility index (PI, p = 0.02) than SGAs (n = 12). FGR plasma TG, free arachidonic acid (AA), and several eicosanoids were increased (p < 0.05); docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-LPC was decreased (p < 0.01). Plasma TG correlated inversely with BW (p < 0.05). Plasma EET, non-esterified AA, and DHA correlated inversely with BW and directly with UA PI (p < 0.05). Placental DHA-PC and AA-PC correlated directly with MCA PI (p < 0.05). In fetuses initially referred for inadequate fetal growth (EFW < 10%), those with BW ≤ 5% demonstrated distinctly different cord plasma lipid profiles than those with BW > 5%, which correlated with Doppler PIs. This provides new insights into fetal lipidomic response to the FGR in utero environment. The impact of these changes on specific processes of growth and development (particularly fetal brain) have not been elucidated, but the relationship with Doppler PI may provide additional context for FGR surveillance, and a more targeted approach to nutritional management of these infants.
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13
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Diagnostic Value of Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Infants' Brain Development Retardation Caused by Pre-Eclampsia. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2021; 2021:5545178. [PMID: 34366725 PMCID: PMC8302371 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5545178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Pre-eclampsia (PE) can cause brain development delay in infants. This work aims to characterize the pattern differences of brain white matter development in premature infants under PE conditions and those without. Methods Eighty preterm infants delivered by women with PE were selected as the PE group, and ninety-six preterm infants of the same period born to women without high-risk perinatal factors were used as control. All infants underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) examination. The fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured in five regions of interests (ROIs), including posterior limbs of internal capsule (PLIC), splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), superior parietal lobule (SPL), and superior occipital gyrus (SOG). The relationship between the FA values and postmenstrual age (PMA) was analyzed. Results After adjusting for the birth weight and gestational ages, in the SCC and PLIC, the PMA and FA values showed a low-to-medium intensity positive correlation in the control group (r = 0.30, p=0.003; r = 0.53, p < 0.0001), while no positive relevance was detected in the PE group (r = 0.08, p=0.47; r = 0.19, p < 0.08). In the PE and control groups, in the SPL and SOG, the PMA and FA values showed a near-consistent positive correlation (r = 0.57, r = 0.55 vs. r = 0.31, r = 0.55; all p < 0.05). In the control group, in SFG, the PMA and FA values had a medium intensity positive correlation (r = 0.47, p < 0.0001), but there was no statistical difference in correlation in PE (r = 0.10, p=0.39). Conclusion PE may cause lagging brain development in the SCC, PLIC, and SFG during infancy. DTI may be an effective and sensitive detection tool.
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14
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Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction is a condition that prevents normal fetal development, and previous studies have reported that intrauterine growth restriction is caused by adverse intrauterine factors. This condition affects both short- and long-term neurodevelopmental disorders. Studies have revealed that neurodevelopmental disorders can contribute to gray and white matter damage and decrease the brain volume of affected individuals. Further, these disorders are associated with increased risks of mental retardation, cognitive impairment, and cerebral palsy, which seriously affect the quality of life. Although the mechanisms underlying the neurologic injury associated with intrauterine growth restriction are not completely clear, studies have revealed that neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, excitatory toxicity, disruption of blood-brain barrier, and epigenetics may be involved in this process. This article reviews the manifestations and possible mechanisms underlying neurologic injury in intrauterine growth restriction and provides a theoretical basis for the effective prevention and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kaiju Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pingyang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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15
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Drakulich S, Thiffault AC, Olafson E, Parent O, Labbe A, Albaugh MD, Khundrakpam B, Ducharme S, Evans A, Chakravarty MM, Karama S. Maturational trajectories of pericortical contrast in typical brain development. Neuroimage 2021; 235:117974. [PMID: 33766753 PMCID: PMC8278832 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, a significant amount of work has aimed to characterize maturational trajectories of cortical development. The role of pericortical microstructure putatively characterized as the gray-white matter contrast (GWC) at the pericortical gray-white matter boundary and its relationship to more traditional morphological measures of cortical morphometry has emerged as a means to examine finer grained neuroanatomical underpinnings of cortical changes. In this work, we characterize the GWC developmental trajectories in a representative sample (n = 394) of children and adolescents (~4 to ~22 years of age), with repeated scans (1-3 scans per subject, total scans n = 819). We tested whether linear, quadratic, or cubic trajectories of contrast development best described changes in GWC. A best-fit model was identified vertex-wise across the whole cortex via the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). GWC across nearly the whole brain was found to significantly change with age. Cubic trajectories were likeliest for 63% of vertices, quadratic trajectories were likeliest for 20% of vertices, and linear trajectories were likeliest for 16% of vertices. A main effect of sex was observed in some regions, where males had a higher GWC than females. However, no sex by age interactions were found on GWC. In summary, our results suggest a progressive decrease in GWC at the pericortical boundary throughout childhood and adolescence. This work contributes to efforts seeking to characterize typical, healthy brain development and, by extension, can help elucidate aberrant developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Drakulich
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Anne-Charlotte Thiffault
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Emily Olafson
- Douglas Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Olivier Parent
- Douglas Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Aurelie Labbe
- HEC Montréal, 3000, chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 2A7, Canada
| | - Matthew D Albaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Larnier College of Medicine, University of Vermont, United States
| | - Budhachandra Khundrakpam
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alan Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Mallar M Chakravarty
- Douglas Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Sherif Karama
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Douglas Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
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16
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Abstract
Faces hold a substantial value for effective social interactions and sharing. Covering faces with masks, due to COVID-19 regulations, may lead to difficulties in using social signals, in particular, in individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions. Daily-life social participation of individuals who were born preterm is of immense importance for their quality of life. Here we examined face tuning in individuals (aged 12.79 ± 1.89 years) who were born preterm and exhibited signs of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), a dominant form of brain injury in preterm birth survivors. For assessing the face sensitivity in this population, we implemented a recently developed experimental tool, a set of Face-n-Food images bordering on the style of Giuseppe Arcimboldo. The key benefit of these images is that single components do not trigger face processing. Although a coarse face schema is thought to be hardwired in the brain, former preterms exhibit substantial shortages in the face tuning not only compared with typically developing controls but also with individuals with autistic spectrum disorders. The lack of correlations between the face sensitivity and other cognitive abilities indicates that these deficits are domain-specific. This underscores impact of preterm birth sequelae for social functioning at large. Comparison of the findings with data in individuals with other neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions provides novel insights into the origins of deficient face processing.
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17
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Padilla N, Saenger VM, van Hartevelt TJ, Fernandes HM, Lennartsson F, Andersson JLR, Kringelbach M, Deco G, Åden U. Breakdown of Whole-brain Dynamics in Preterm-born Children. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1159-1170. [PMID: 31504269 PMCID: PMC7132942 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain operates at a critical point that is balanced between order and disorder. Even during rest, unstable periods of random behavior are interspersed with stable periods of balanced activity patterns that support optimal information processing. Being born preterm may cause deviations from this normal pattern of development. We compared 33 extremely preterm (EPT) children born at < 27 weeks of gestation and 28 full-term controls. Two approaches were adopted in both groups, when they were 10 years of age, using structural and functional brain magnetic resonance imaging data. The first was using a novel intrinsic ignition analysis to study the ability of the areas of the brain to propagate neural activity. The second was a whole-brain Hopf model, to define the level of stability, desynchronization, or criticality of the brain. EPT-born children exhibited fewer intrinsic ignition events than controls; nodes were related to less sophisticated aspects of cognitive control, and there was a different hierarchy pattern in the propagation of information and suboptimal synchronicity and criticality. The largest differences were found in brain nodes belonging to the rich-club architecture. These results provide important insights into the neural substrates underlying brain reorganization and neurodevelopmental impairments related to prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Padilla
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor M Saenger
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tim J van Hartevelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Ln, Oxford OX3 7JX, Storbritannien, United Kingdom.,Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University Hospital Nørrebrogade 44, Building 10G, 4th and 5th floor, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrique M Fernandes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Ln, Oxford OX3 7JX, Storbritannien, United Kingdom.,Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University Hospital Nørrebrogade 44, Building 10G, 4th and 5th floor, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Finn Lennartsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skånes universitetssjukhus Lund, Barngatan, Sweden
| | - Jesper L R Andersson
- FMRIB-Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Morten Kringelbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Ln, Oxford OX3 7JX, Storbritannien, United Kingdom.,Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University Hospital Nørrebrogade 44, Building 10G, 4th and 5th floor, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Clayton VIC, Australia
| | - Ulrika Åden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Ionta S. Visual Neuropsychology in Development: Anatomo-Functional Brain Mechanisms of Action/Perception Binding in Health and Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:689912. [PMID: 34135745 PMCID: PMC8203289 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.689912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vision is the main entrance for environmental input to the human brain. Even if vision is our most used sensory modality, its importance is not limited to environmental exploration. Rather it has strong links to motor competences, further extending to cognitive and social aspects of human life. These multifaceted relationships are particularly important in developmental age and become dramatically evident in presence of complex deficits originating from visual aberrancies. The present review summarizes the available neuropsychological evidence on the development of visual competences, with a particular focus on the associated visuo-motor integration skills in health and disease. With the aim of supporting future research and interventional settings, the goal of the present review is to constitute a solid base to help the translation of neuropsychological hypotheses into straightforward empirical investigations and rehabilitation/training protocols. This approach will further increase the impact, ameliorate the acceptance, and ease the use and implementation of lab-derived intervention protocols in real-life situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Ionta
- Sensory-Motor Lab (SeMoLa), Department of Ophthalmology-University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital-Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Spencer APC, Brooks JCW, Masuda N, Byrne H, Lee-Kelland R, Jary S, Thoresen M, Tonks J, Goodfellow M, Cowan FM, Chakkarapani E. Disrupted brain connectivity in children treated with therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 30:102582. [PMID: 33636541 PMCID: PMC7906894 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia following neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia reduces death and cerebral palsy. However, school-age children without cerebral palsy treated with therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy still have reduced performance on cognitive and motor tests, attention difficulties, slower reaction times and reduced visuo-spatial processing abilities compared to typically developing controls. We acquired diffusion-weighted imaging data from school-age children without cerebral palsy treated with therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy at birth, and a matched control group. Voxelwise analysis (33 cases, 36 controls) confirmed reduced fractional anisotropy in widespread areas of white matter in cases, particularly in the fornix, corpus callosum, anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule bilaterally and cingulum bilaterally. In structural brain networks constructed using probabilistic tractography (22 cases, 32 controls), graph-theoretic measures of strength, local and global efficiency, clustering coefficient and characteristic path length were found to correlate with IQ in cases but not controls. Network-based statistic analysis implicated brain regions involved in visuo-spatial processing and attention, aligning with previous behavioural findings. These included the precuneus, thalamus, left superior parietal gyrus and left inferior temporal gyrus. Our findings demonstrate that, despite the manifest successes of therapeutic hypothermia, brain development is impaired in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur P C Spencer
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C W Brooks
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Naoki Masuda
- Department of Mathematics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States; Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Hollie Byrne
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Lee-Kelland
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Jary
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Thoresen
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - James Tonks
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Goodfellow
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Biomedical Modelling and Analysis, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; EPSRC Centre for Predictive Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M Cowan
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ela Chakkarapani
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St Michael's Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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20
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Qiu L, Nan W. Brain Network Constancy and Participant Recognition: an Integrated Approach to Big Data and Complex Network Analysis. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1003. [PMID: 32581918 PMCID: PMC7283910 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of big data sharing and data standardization, electroencephalogram (EEG) data are increasingly used in the exploration of human cognitive behavior. Most of the existing studies focus on the changes of human brain network topology (the number of connections, degree distribution, clustering coefficient phantom) in various cognitive behaviors. However, there has been little exploration into the steady state of multi-cognitive behaviors and the recognition of multi-participant brain networks. To solve these two problems, we used EEG data of 99 healthy participants from the PhysioBank to study multi-cognitive behaviors. Specifically, we calculated the symbolic transfer entropy (STE) between 64 electrode sequences of EEG data and constructed the brain networks of various cognitive behaviors of each participant using the directed minimum spanning tree (DMST) algorithm. We then investigated the eigenvalue spectrum of the STE matrix of each individual's cognitive behavior. The results also showed that the spectrum distributions of different cognitive states of the same participant remained relatively stable, but those of the same cognitive state of different participants varied considerably, verifying the relative stability and uniqueness of the human brain network similar to a human's fingerprint. Based on these features, we used the spectral distribution set of 99 participants of various cognitive states as the original data set and developed a spectral distribution set scoring (SDSS) method to identify the brain network participants. It was found that most labels (69.35%) of the test participant with the highest score were identical to the labeled participant. This study provided further evidence for the existence of human brain fingerprints, and furnished a new approach for dynamic identification of brain fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiu
- School of Finance and Business, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Finance, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenya Nan
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Cha JH, Choi YH, Lee JM, Lee JY, Park HK, Kim J, Kim IK, Lee HJ. Altered structural brain networks at term-equivalent age in preterm infants with grade 1 intraventricular hemorrhage. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:43. [PMID: 32272955 PMCID: PMC7146964 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-0796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants are at risk for structural disruption of brain connectivity due to perinatal complications encountered during the fetal and neonatal periods. This study aimed to investigate the development of connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging at near-term age and the effect of grade 1 intraventricular hemorrhage on it. METHODS A total of 86 infants (55 preterm infants, 24 full-term infants) without apparent brain injury underwent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 36 and 41 weeks post-menstrual age. The diffusion-MRI based connectomics were constructed from 64-segmented regions by using the Johns Hopkins University neonate atlas and were weighted with fractional anisotropy. The connectomes were quantified in the structural networks and investigated using network metrics, such as the clustering coefficient, local efficiency, characteristic path length, global efficiency, and small-worldness. We compared the differences in the brain networks of preterm infants with or without grade 1 intraventricular hemorrhage in binary and fractional anisotropy-weighted (wFA) connectomes. RESULTS The 55 preterm infants had a mean gestational age at birth of 29.3 ± 4.1 weeks and the 24 term-born infants, 38.1 ± 1.1 weeks. A total of 13 of the 55 preterm infants (23.6%) were diagnosed with grade 1 intraventricular hemorrhage. The development of connectivity of the brain network in preterm infants without intraventricular hemorrhage was comparable at near-term age to that in term infants. The preterm infants with germinal matrix hemorrhage exhibited higher clustering (0.093 ± 0.015 vs. 0.088 ± 0.007, p = 0.027) and local efficiency (0.151 ± 0.022 vs. 0.141 ± 0.010, p = 0.025), implying the potential for segregation. However, the preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage revealed a longer path length (0.291 ± 0.035 vs. 0.275 ± 0.019, p = 0.020) and lower global efficiency (3.998 ± 0.473 vs. 4.212 ± 0.281, p = 0.048), indicating a decreased integration in the wFA connectivity matrix than those without germinal matrix hemorrhage, after correcting for gestational age, sex, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and age at scan. CONCLUSION Grade 1 intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants may enhance the capacity for local information transfer and the relative reinforcement of the segregation of networks at the expense of global integration capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Cha
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Hospital, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Hospital, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Hospital, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.,Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine, Seoul Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinsup Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Hospital, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Il-Kewon Kim
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine, Seoul Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Hospital, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea. .,Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine, Seoul Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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Patti G, De Mori L, Tortora D, Severino M, Calevo M, Russo S, Napoli F, Confalonieri L, Schiavone M, Thiabat HF, Casalini E, Morana G, Rossi A, Ramenghi LA, Maghnie M, Di Iorgi N. Cognitive Profiles and Brain Volume Are Affected in Patients with Silver-Russell Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5609177. [PMID: 31665337 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is little information on cognitive function in Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), and no neuroimaging studies are available so far. OBJECTIVE To assess cognitive function and brain volumes in patients with SRS. DESIGN/SETTING Wechsler Intelligence Scale and brain magnetic resonance on a 3-Tesla scanner with Voxel-based morphometry analysis were performed between 2016 and 2018 in a single tertiary university center. PARTECIPANTS 38 white subjects with clinical diagnosis of SRS confirmed by molecular analysis: 30 of these patients (mean age 12.6 ± 10 years) were enrolled for cognitive assessment; 23 of the 30 performed neuroimaging sequences. A control group of 33 school-aged children performed cognitive assessment while 65 age and sex-matched volunteers were included for the neuroradiological assessment. MAIN OUTCOMES Intelligence quotient, Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), Working Memory Index (WMI), Processing Speed Index, and brain volume. RESULTS The mean overall IQ score was 87.2 ± 17, and it was significantly lower in the maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (mUPD7) group at the age of 6 to 16 years compared to loss of methylation on chromosome 11p15 (11p15 LOM) group and to controls. VCI, PRI, and WMI were significantly higher in 11p15 LOM group and in control group than in mUPD7 group at the age of 6 to 16 years. There were no significant differences in cognitive scores between 11p15 LOM school-aged patients and the control group. SRS patients showed lower brain volume compared to controls at the frontal/temporal poles and globi pallidi. CONCLUSIONS Patients with mUPD7 had an impaired cognitive profile. The brain volume at the frontal/temporal lobes and at the globi pallidi was reduced in patients with SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Patti
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Letizia De Mori
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Domenico Tortora
- Pediatric Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Mariagrazia Calevo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Flavia Napoli
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Confalonieri
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Schiavone
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Hanan F Thiabat
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Emilio Casalini
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morana
- Pediatric Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Pediatric Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Antonio Ramenghi
- Department of Mother and Child, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Italy
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Natascia Di Iorgi
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Kim HS, Kim EK, Park HK, Ahn DH, Kim MJ, Lee HJ. Cognitive Outcomes of Children with Very Low Birth Weight at 3 to 5 Years of Age. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e4. [PMID: 31898433 PMCID: PMC6942132 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cognitive consequences and risk factors based long-term outcome of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW; < 1,500 g) infants in Korea has not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of perinatal and neonatal risk factors on the cognitive performance of VLBW children at 3 to 5 years of age. METHODS We enrolled 88 VLBW infants without cystic periventricular leukomalacia for the assessment of their demographic data, cognitive performance, and development of cerebral palsy (CP) at 3 to 5 years of age. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Korean version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence IV. Growth data were assessed with measurements of weight, height, and head circumference (HC) at the corrected ages of 6, 12, and 18 months, and 3 to 5 years of age. RESULTS In the VLBW group, the full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) was 96.1 ± 15.2 at the mean age of 4.5 years. The incidence rate of CP was 3.4%. Overall, 17% (15/88) of the VLBW children had a below-average FSIQ (< 85). We divided the VLBW children into the abnormal FSIQ group (< 85, n = 15) and the normal FSIQ group (≥ 85, n = 73). VLBW children with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was associated with a below-average FSIQ at the mean age of 4.5 years (< 85, 8/15, 53.3% vs. ≥ 85, 5/73, 6.8%; P < 0.001). After controlling for associated clinical factors, IUGR in the VLBW children was found to be associated with an abnormal FSIQ at the mean age of 4.5 years (P = 0.025). The weight, height, and HC obtained for both groups showed that normal growth was maintained at the mean age of 4.5 years with no significant difference between abnormal and normal FSIQ groups. CONCLUSION Fifteen of 88 (17%) of the VLBW children had a below-average FSIQ (< 85). VLBW with IUGR is associated with poor cognitive outcomes at the mean age of 4.5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sun Kim
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Hanyang Inclusive Clinic for Developmental Disorders, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ee Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Park
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Hanyang Inclusive Clinic for Developmental Disorders, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Ahn
- Hanyang Inclusive Clinic for Developmental Disorders, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Hanyang Inclusive Clinic for Developmental Disorders, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Hanyang Inclusive Clinic for Developmental Disorders, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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24
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Abstract
The developing visual brain is an integrated system, linking analysis of the visual input to visuomotor control, visual cognition, and attention. Major points in human visual development are the presence of rudimentary pathways present at birth which can control fixation behavior, with subsequent development of specific functions. These functions include the emergence of cortical selectivity; the integration of local signals to provide global representations of motion, shape, and space; the development of visuomotor modules for eye movements, manual reaching, and locomotion; and the development of distinct attentional systems. Measures of these processes in infancy and early childhood can provide indicators of broader brain development in the at-risk child. A key system in development is the dorsal cortical stream. Measures of global motion processing, visuomotor actions, and attention suggest that this system is particularly vulnerable in children with a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Early disorders of the eye (strabismus, cataract) reveal the level of plasticity in the developing visual system and the ways in which early experience can affect the course of functional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Atkinson
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Oliver Braddick
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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Giambrone AB, Logue OC, Shao Q, Bidwell GL, Warrington JP. Perinatal Micro-Bleeds and Neuroinflammation in E19 Rat Fetuses Exposed to Utero-Placental Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164051. [PMID: 31434191 PMCID: PMC6720786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring of preeclampsia patients have an increased risk of developing neurological deficits and cognitive impairment. While low placental perfusion, common in preeclampsia and growth restriction, has been linked to neurological deficits, a causative link is not fully established. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that placental ischemia induces neuroinflammation and micro-hemorrhages in utero. Timed-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were weight-matched for sham surgery (abdominal incision only) or induced placental ischemia (surgical reduction of utero-placental perfusion (RUPP)); n = 5/group on gestational day 14. Fetal brains (n = 1–2/dam/endpoint) were collected at embryonic day (E19). Placental ischemia resulted in fewer live fetuses, increased fetal demise, increased hematocrit, and no difference in brain water content in exposed fetuses. Additionally, increased cerebral micro-bleeds (identified with H&E staining), pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18, eotaxin (CCL11), LIX (CXCL5), and MIP-2 (CXCL2) were observed in RUPP-exposed fetuses. Microglial density in the sub-ventricular zone decreased in RUPP-exposed fetuses, with no change in cortical thickness. Our findings support the hypothesis that exposure to placental ischemia contributes to microvascular dysfunction (increased micro-bleeds), fetal brain inflammation, and reduced microglial density in proliferative brain areas. Future studies will determine whether in utero abnormalities contribute to long-term behavioral deficits in preeclampsia offspring through impaired neurogenesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashtin B Giambrone
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Omar C Logue
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Qingmei Shao
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Gene L Bidwell
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Junie P Warrington
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Petanjek Z, Sedmak D, Džaja D, Hladnik A, Rašin MR, Jovanov-Milosevic N. The Protracted Maturation of Associative Layer IIIC Pyramidal Neurons in the Human Prefrontal Cortex During Childhood: A Major Role in Cognitive Development and Selective Alteration in Autism. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:122. [PMID: 30923504 PMCID: PMC6426783 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human specific cognitive shift starts around the age of 2 years with the onset of self-awareness, and continues with extraordinary increase in cognitive capacities during early childhood. Diffuse changes in functional connectivity in children aged 2-6 years indicate an increase in the capacity of cortical network. Interestingly, structural network complexity does not increase during this time and, thus, it is likely to be induced by selective maturation of a specific neuronal subclass. Here, we provide an overview of a subclass of cortico-cortical neurons, the associative layer IIIC pyramids of the human prefrontal cortex. Their local axonal collaterals are in control of the prefrontal cortico-cortical output, while their long projections modulate inter-areal processing. In this way, layer IIIC pyramids are the major integrative element of cortical processing, and changes in their connectivity patterns will affect global cortical functioning. Layer IIIC neurons have a unique pattern of dendritic maturation. In contrast to other classes of principal neurons, they undergo an additional phase of extensive dendritic growth during early childhood, and show characteristic molecular changes. Taken together, circuits associated with layer IIIC neurons have the most protracted period of developmental plasticity. This unique feature is advanced but also provides a window of opportunity for pathological events to disrupt normal formation of cognitive circuits involving layer IIIC neurons. In this manuscript, we discuss how disrupted dendritic and axonal maturation of layer IIIC neurons may lead into global cortical disconnectivity, affecting development of complex communication and social abilities. We also propose a model that developmentally dictated incorporation of layer IIIC neurons into maturing cortico-cortical circuits between 2 to 6 years will reveal a previous (perinatal) lesion affecting other classes of principal neurons. This "disclosure" of pre-existing functionally silent lesions of other neuronal classes induced by development of layer IIIC associative neurons, or their direct alteration, could be found in different forms of autism spectrum disorders. Understanding the gene-environment interaction in shaping cognitive microcircuitries may be fundamental for developing rehabilitation and prevention strategies in autism spectrum and other cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdravko Petanjek
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dora Sedmak
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Džaja
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Hladnik
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Roko Rašin
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Nataša Jovanov-Milosevic
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Bennet L, Walker DW, Horne RSC. Waking up too early - the consequences of preterm birth on sleep development. J Physiol 2018; 596:5687-5708. [PMID: 29691876 DOI: 10.1113/jp274950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Good quality sleep of sufficient duration is vital for optimal physiological function and our health. Sleep deprivation is associated with impaired neurocognitive function and emotional control, and increases the risk for cardiometabolic diseases, obesity and cancer. Sleep develops during fetal life with the emergence of a recognisable pattern of sleep states in the preterm fetus associated with the development, maturation and connectivity within neural networks in the brain. Despite the physiological importance of sleep, surprisingly little is known about how sleep develops in individuals born preterm. Globally, an estimated 15 million babies are born preterm (<37 weeks gestation) each year, and these babies are at significant risk of neural injury and impaired brain development. This review discusses how sleep develops during fetal and neonatal life, how preterm birth impacts on sleep development to adulthood, and the factors which may contribute to impaired brain and sleep development, leading to altered neurocognitive, behavioural and motor capabilities in the infant and child. Going forward, the challenge is to identify specific risk factors for impaired sleep development in preterm babies to allow for the design of interventions that will improve the quality and quantity of sleep throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bennet
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David W Walker
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosemary S C Horne
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Paediatrics, Monash University and Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Batalle D, Edwards AD, O'Muircheartaigh J. Annual Research Review: Not just a small adult brain: understanding later neurodevelopment through imaging the neonatal brain. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:350-371. [PMID: 29105061 PMCID: PMC5900873 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a recent proliferation in neuroimaging research focusing on brain development in the prenatal, neonatal and very early childhood brain. Early brain injury and preterm birth are associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, indicating the importance of this early period for later outcome. SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY Although using a wide range of different methodologies and investigating diverse samples, the common aim of many of these studies has been to both track normative development and investigate deviations in this development to predict behavioural, cognitive and neurological function in childhood. Here we review structural and functional neuroimaging studies investigating the developing brain. We focus on practical and technical complexities of studying this early age range and discuss how neuroimaging techniques have been successfully applied to investigate later neurodevelopmental outcome. CONCLUSIONS Neuroimaging markers of later outcome still have surprisingly low predictive power and their specificity to individual neurodevelopmental disorders is still under question. However, the field is still young, and substantial challenges to both acquiring and modeling neonatal data are being met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafnis Batalle
- Centre for the Developing BrainSchool of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical EngineeringKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing BrainSchool of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical EngineeringKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh
- Centre for the Developing BrainSchool of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical EngineeringKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
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