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Gheitasi I, Akbari G, Savari F. Physiological and cellular mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning microRNAs-mediated in underlying of ischemia/reperfusion injury in different organs. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05052-7. [PMID: 39001984 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, as a pathological phenomenon, takes place when blood supply to an organ is disrupted and then aggravated during restoration of blood flow. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a potent method for attenuating subsequent events of IR damage in numerous organs. IPC protocol is determined by a brief and sequential time periods of I/R before the main ischemia. MicroRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptionally target mRNA translation via degrading it and/or suppressing protein synthesis. This review introduces the physiological and cellular mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning microRNAs-mediated after I/R insult in different organs such as the liver, kidney, heart, brain, and intestine. Data of this review have been collected from the scientific articles published in databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scientific Information Database from 2000 to 2023. Based on these literature studies, IPC/IR intervention can affect cellular mechanisms including oxidative stress, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation through up-regulation or down-regulation of multiple microRNAs and their target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izadpanah Gheitasi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ghaidafeh Akbari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Feryal Savari
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran.
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2
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Rastogi S, Ansari MN, Saeedan AS, Singh SK, Mukerjee A, Kaithwas G. Novel furan chalcone modulates PHD-2 induction to impart antineoplastic effect in mammary gland carcinoma. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23679. [PMID: 38486411 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Normoxic inactivation of prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD-2) in tumour microenvironment paves the way for cancer cells to thrive under the influence of HIF-1α and NF-κB. Henceforth, the present study is aimed to identify small molecule activators of PHD-2. A virtual screening was conducted on a library consisting of 265,242 chemical compounds, with the objective of identifying molecules that exhibit structural similarities to the furan chalcone scaffold. Further, PHD-2 activation potential of screened compound was determined using in vitro 2-oxoglutarate assay. The cytotoxic activity and apoptotic potential of screened compound was determined using various staining techniques, including 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), 1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimi-dazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1), and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB), against MCF-7 cells. 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) model of mammary gland cancer was used to study the in vivo antineoplastic efficacy of screened compound. [(E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(furan-2-yl) prop-2-en-1-one] (BBAP-7) was screened and validated as a PHD-2 activator by an in vitro 2-oxo-glutarate assay. The IC50 of BBAP-7 on MCF-7 cells is 18.84 µM. AO/EB and DAPI staining showed nuclear fragmentation, blebbing and condensation in MCF-7 cells following BBAP-7 treatment. The red-to-green intensity ratio of JC-1 stained MCF-7 cells decreased after BBAP-7 treatment, indicating mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. DMBA caused mammary gland dysplasia, duct hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ. Carmine staining, histopathology, and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that BBAP-7, alone or with tirapazamine, restored mammary gland surface morphology and structural integrity. Additionally, BBAP-7 therapy significantly reduced oxidative stress and glycolysis. The findings reveal that BBAP-7 activates PHD-2, making it a promising anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Rastogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharaj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharaj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, United Institute of Pharmacy, United Group of Institutions, Prayagraj, India
| | - Alok Mukerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, United Institute of Pharmacy, United Group of Institutions, Prayagraj, India
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wei Z, Fang Y, Shi W, Chu Z, Zhao B. Transcriptional Modulation Reveals Physiological Responses to Temperature Adaptation in Acrossocheilus fasciatus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11622. [PMID: 37511383 PMCID: PMC10380296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the molecular regulatory mechanism of temperature acclimation under long-term temperature stress in Acrossocheilus fasciatus, this study used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze 60 days of breeding under five temperature conditions (12 °C, 16 °C, 20 °C, 24 °C, 28 °C). Compared with 20 °C, 9202, 4959 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered in low-temperature groups (12 °C, 16 °C), whereas 133 and 878 DEGs were discovered in high-temperature groups (24 °C, 28 °C), respectively. The KEGG functional enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were primarily enriched in tight junction, PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway and protein digestion and absorption in low-temperature groups, and mainly enriched in proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation, protein digestion and absorption, and HIF-1 signaling pathway in high-temperature groups. The viability of transcriptome sequencing-based screening of DEGs for temperature adaptation in A. fasciatus was shown by the selection of eight DEGs for further validation by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), the findings of which were consistent with the RNA-seq data. According to the findings, protein digestion and absorption were primarily regulated by temperature variations, physiological stress was a significant regulator in regulation under high-temperature stress, and the immune system was a significant regulator in regulation under low-temperature stress. The transcriptional patterns of A. fasciatus under temperature stress are revealed in this study. This knowledge is crucial for understanding how A. fasciatus adapts to temperature and can help us better comprehend the environmental difficulties that A. fasciatus adaptation faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Wei
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zhangjie Chu
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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Man K, Brunet MY, Lees R, Peacock B, Cox SC. Epigenetic Reprogramming via Synergistic Hypomethylation and Hypoxia Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles for Bone Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087564. [PMID: 37108726 PMCID: PMC10142722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell population for regenerative medicine applications, where paracrine signalling through the extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulates bone tissue homeostasis and development. MSCs are known to reside in low oxygen tension, which promotes osteogenic differentiation via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation. Epigenetic reprogramming has emerged as a promising bioengineering strategy to enhance MSC differentiation. Particularly, the process of hypomethylation may enhance osteogenesis through gene activation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of inducing hypomethylation and hypoxia on improving the therapeutic efficacy of EVs derived from human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs). The effects of the hypoxia mimetic agent deferoxamine (DFO) and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine (AZT) on hBMSC viability was assessed by quantifying the DNA content. The epigenetic functionality was evaluated by assessing histone acetylation and histone methylation. hBMSC mineralisation was determined by quantifying alkaline phosphate activity, collagen production and calcium deposition. EVs were procured from AZT, DFO or AZT/DFO-treated hBMSCs over a two-week period, with EV size and concentration defined using transmission electron microscopy, nanoflow cytometry and dynamic light scattering. The effects of AZT-EVs, DFO-EVs or AZT/DFO-EVs on the epigenetic functionality and mineralisation of hBMSCs were evaluated. Moreover, the effects of hBMSC-EVs on human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) angiogenesis was assessed by quantifying pro-angiogenic cytokine release. DFO and AZT caused a time-dose dependent reduction in hBMSC viability. Pre-treatment with AZT, DFO or AZT/DFO augmented the epigenetic functionality of the MSCs through increases in histone acetylation and hypomethylation. AZT, DFO and AZT/DFO pre-treatment significantly enhanced extracellular matrix collagen production and mineralisation in hBMSCs. EVs derived from AZT/DFO-preconditioned hBMSCs (AZT/DFO-EVs) enhanced the hBMSC proliferation, histone acetylation and hypomethylation when compared to EVs derived from AZT-treated, DFO-treated and untreated hBMSCs. Importantly, AZT/DFO-EVs significantly increased osteogenic differentiation and mineralisation of a secondary hBMSC population. Furthermore, AZT/DFO-EVs enhanced the pro-angiogenic cytokine release of HUVECs. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the considerable utility of synergistically inducing hypomethylation and hypoxia to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the MSC-EVs as a cell-free approach for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Man
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mathieu Y Brunet
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | | | - Sophie C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Ramakrishna K, Krishnamurthy S. Indole-3-carbinol ameliorated the neurodevelopmental deficits in neonatal anoxic injury in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:31-43. [PMID: 36259087 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal anoxia is linked to long-lasting neurodevelopmental deficits. Due to the lack of pharmacological intervention to treat neonatal anoxia, there is interest in finding new molecules for its treatment. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) has shown neuroprotective effects in some disease conditions. However, the neuroprotective role of I3C in neonatal anoxia has not been explored. Consequently, we have investigated the effect of I3C on neonatal anoxia-induced brain injury and neurodevelopmental deficits. Rat pups after 30 h of birth were subjected to two episodes of anoxia (10 min in each) at a time interval of 24 h by flowing 100% nitrogen. I3C was administered within 30 min of the second episode of anoxia on a postnatal day (PND) 3 and continued for PND 9. Neurodevelopmental deficits, cortical mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme activities, oxidative stress, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) levels, histopathological changes, and apoptosis were measured. I3C treatment dose-dependently ameliorated the neurodevelopmental deficits and somatic growth in anoxic pups. I3C improved mitochondrial function by enhancing the MMP, mitochondrial ETC enzymes, and antioxidants. It blocked the MPTP opening and release of cytochrome C in anoxic pups. Further, I3C reduced the elevated cortical HIF-1α in neonatal anoxic pups. Furthermore, I3C ameliorated histopathological abnormalities and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic indicators Cyt C, caspase-9, and caspase-3. Our study concludes that I3C improved neuronal development in anoxic pups by enhancing mitochondrial function, reducing HIF-1α, and mitigating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakarla Ramakrishna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (IIT BHU), Varanasi, India.,Department of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (IIT BHU), Varanasi, India
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Li YC, Wang Y, Zou W. Exploration on the Mechanism of Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Cerebral Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:814463. [PMID: 35462700 PMCID: PMC9022456 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.814463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke’s secondary damage, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, are thought to be crucial factors in the disease’s progression. Despite the fact that there are numerous treatments for secondary damage following stroke, such as antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy, surgery, and so on, the results are disappointing and the side effects are numerous. It is critical to develop novel and effective strategies for improving patient prognosis. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the hub for the processing and metabolism of a wide range of functional regulatory proteins in cells. It is critical for the maintenance of cell homeostasis. With the advancement of UPS research in recent years, it has been discovered that UPS is engaged in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in the human body. UPS is expected to play a role in the onset and progression of stroke via multiple targets and pathways. This paper explores the method by which UPS participates in the linked pathogenic process following stroke, in order to give a theoretical foundation for further research into UPS and stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zou,
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Pan Z, Ma G, Kong L, Du G. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1: Regulatory mechanisms and drug development in stroke. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105742. [PMID: 34182129 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by sudden rupture of blood vessels in the brain or blockage of blood vessels, which has now become one of the main causes of adult death. During stroke, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), as an important regulator under hypoxia conditions, is involved in the pathological process of stroke by regulating multi-pathways, such as glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, cell survival. However, the roles of HIF-1 in stroke are still controversial, which are related with ischemic time and degree of ischemia. The regulatory mechanisms of HIF-1 in stroke include inflammation, autophagy, oxidative stress, apoptosis and energy metabolism. The potential drugs targeting HIF-1 have attracted more attention, such as HIF-1 inhibitors, HIF-1 stabilizers and natural products. Based on the role of HIF-1 in stroke, HIF-1 is expected to be a potential target for stroke treatment. Resolving when and what interventions for HIF-1 to take during stroke will provide novel strategies for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Guodong Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Linglei Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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Sorensen DW, Carreon D, Williams JM, Pearce WJ. Hypoxic modulation of fetal vascular MLCK abundance, localization, and function. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R1-R18. [PMID: 33112654 PMCID: PMC7847055 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00212.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in vascular contractility are among the most important physiological effects of acute and chronic fetal hypoxia. Given the essential role of myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) in smooth muscle contractility and its heterogeneous distribution, this study explores the hypothesis that subcellular changes in MLCK distribution contribute to hypoxic modulation of fetal carotid artery contractility. Relative to common carotid arteries from normoxic term fetal lambs (FN), carotids from fetal lambs gestated at high altitude (3,802 m) (FH) exhibited depressed contractility without changes in MLCK mRNA or protein abundance. Patterns of confocal colocalization of MLCK with α-actin and 20-kDa regulatory myosin light chain (MLC20) enabled calculation of subcellular MLCK fractions: 1) colocalized with the contractile apparatus, 2) colocalized with α-actin distant from the contractile apparatus, and 3) not colocalized with α-actin. Chronic hypoxia did not affect MLCK abundance in the contractile fraction, despite a concurrent decrease in contractility. Organ culture for 72 h under 1% O2 decreased total MLCK abundance in FN and FH carotid arteries, but decreased the contractile MLCK abundance only in FH carotid arteries. Correspondingly, culture under 1% O2 depressed contractility more in FH than FN carotid arteries. In addition, hypoxia appeared to attenuate ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of MLCK, as reported for other proteins. In aggregate, these results demonstrate that the combination of chronic hypoxia followed by hypoxic culture can induce MLCK translocation among at least three subcellular fractions with possible influences on contractility, indicating that changes in MLCK distribution are a significant component of fetal vascular responses to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane W Sorensen
- Divisions of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Desirelys Carreon
- Divisions of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - James M Williams
- Divisions of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - William J Pearce
- Divisions of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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Gabryelska A, Karuga FF, Szmyd B, Białasiewicz P. HIF-1α as a Mediator of Insulin Resistance, T2DM, and Its Complications: Potential Links With Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1035. [PMID: 33013447 PMCID: PMC7509176 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is described as an independent risk factor for the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), as well as for insulin resistance (IR). The mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear. One of the proposed molecular mechanism is based on the oxygen-sensitive α-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α)-a key regulator of oxygen metabolism. The concept that stabilization of HIF-1α may influence T2DM and IR is supported by cell and animal models. Cell culture studies revealed that both glucose uptake and glycolysis are regulated by HIF-1α. Furthermore, animal models indicated that increased fasting glucose may be caused by a single night with intermittent hypoxia. Moreover, in these models, hypoxia time was correlated with IR. Mice models revealed that inhibition of HIF-1α protein may downregulate fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin level. Administration of superoxide dismutase mimetic resulted in inhibition of HIF-1α protein, catecholamines, and chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced hypertension in a mice model. The hypothesis that hypoxia is an independent risk factor for IR is strengthened by experimentally confirmed improvement of insulin sensitivity among OSA patients treated with the continuous positive airway pressure. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that HIF-1α protein concentration is increased in individuals with OSA. In this literature review, we summarize the current knowledge about HIF-1α in OSA in relation to the possible pathways in which they contribute to metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Filip Franciszek Karuga
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szmyd
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Białasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors induce autophagy and have a protective effect in an in-vitro ischaemia model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1597. [PMID: 32005890 PMCID: PMC6994562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared effects of five hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases (PHD) inhibitors on PC12 cells and primary rat neurons following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). At 100 µM, the PHD inhibitors did not cause cytotoxicity and apoptosis. MTT activity was only significantly reduced by FG4592 or Bayer 85-3934 in PC12 cells. The PHD inhibitors at 100 µM significantly increased the LC3-II/LC3-I expression ratio and downregulated p62 in PC12 cells, so did FG4592 (30 µM) and DMOG (100 µM) in neurons. HIF-1α was stabilised in PC12 cells by all the PHD inhibitors at 100 µM except for DMOG, which stabilised HIF-1α at 1 and 2 mM. In primary neurons, HIF-1α was stabilised by FG4592 (30 µM) and DMOG (100 µM). Pretreatment with the PHD inhibitors 24 hours followed by 24 hour reoxygenation prior to 6 hours OGD (0.3% O2) significantly reduced LDH release and increased MTT activity compared to vehicle (1% DMSO) pretreatment. In conclusion, the PHD inhibitors stabilise HIF-1α in normoxia, induce autophagy, and protect cells from a subsequent OGD insult. The new class of PHD inhibitors (FG4592, FG2216, GSK1278863, Bay85-3934) have the higher potency than DMOG. The interplay between autophagy, HIF stabilisation and neuroprotection in ischaemic stroke merits further investigation.
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The Role of Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway and Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway in Cerebral Ischemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5457049. [PMID: 32089771 PMCID: PMC7016479 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5457049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and autophagy-lysosome pathway are two major routes for clearance of aberrant cellular components to maintain protein homeostasis and normal cellular functions. Accumulating evidence shows that these two pathways are impaired during cerebral ischemia, which contributes to ischemic-induced neuronal necrosis and apoptosis. This review aims to critically discuss current knowledge and controversies on these two pathways in response to cerebral ischemic stress. We also discuss molecular mechanisms underlying the impairments of these protein degradation pathways and how such impairments lead to neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia. Further, we review the recent advance on the understanding of the involvement of these two pathways in the pathological process during many therapeutic approaches against cerebral ischemia. Despite recent advances, the exact role and molecular mechanisms of these two pathways following cerebral ischemia are complex and not completely understood, of which better understanding will provide avenues to develop novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
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Li A, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Dong H, Fu N, Han X. The roles and signaling pathways of prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 in the tumor microenvironment. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 303:40-49. [PMID: 30817904 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is a well-known microenvironmental factor that causes cancer progression and resistance to cancer treatment. Proline hydroxylases (PHDs), a small protein family, belong to an evolutionarily conserved superfamily of dioxygenases, considered the central regulator of the molecular hypoxia response. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), one member of PHDs family, regulates the stability of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in response to oxygen availability. During hypoxia, the inhibition of PHD2 permits the accumulation of HIF-1α, allowing the cellular adaptation to oxygen limitation, causing activation of numerous genes, which enhances the angiogenesis, metastasis and invasiveness. Accurate regulation of oxygen homeostasis is essential, and which implies PHD2 may have a regulatory role in the pathogenesis of cancer. Although ample evidence exists for a positive correlation between HIFs and tumor formation, metastasis and poor prognosis, the function of the PHD2 in carcinogenesis is less well understood. Despite their original role as the oxygen sensors of the cell and many of the its functions are clearly conveyed through the HIF system, PHD2 is currently known to display HIF-independent and hydroxylase-independent functions in cancer cells and stroma in the control of different cellular pathways. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the structure, regulation and functions of PHD2 in cancer microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zuojun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Linqu Country People's Hospital, 438 Shanwang Road, Linqu, 262600, China
| | - Hailing Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Nange Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiuzhen Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Davis CK, Jain SA, Bae ON, Majid A, Rajanikant GK. Hypoxia Mimetic Agents for Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 6:175. [PMID: 30671433 PMCID: PMC6331394 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year stroke claims more than 6 million lives worldwide. The majority of them are ischemic stroke. Small molecule-based therapeutics for ischemic stroke has attracted a lot of attention, but none has been shown to be clinically useful so far. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays a crucial role in the transcriptional adaptation of cells to hypoxia. Small molecule-based hypoxia-mimetic agents either stabilize HIF-1α via HIF-prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) inhibition or through other mechanisms. In both the cases, these agents have been shown to confer ischemic neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. The agents which act via PHD inhibition are mainly classified into iron chelators, iron competitors, and 2 oxoglutarate (2OG) analogs. This review discusses HIF structure and key players in the HIF-1 degradation pathway as well as the genes, proteins and chemical molecules that are connected to HIF-1 and how they affect cell survival following ischemic injury. Furthermore, this review gives a summary of studies that used PHD inhibitors and other HIF-1α stabilizers as hypoxia-mimetic agents for the treatment of ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K Davis
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, India
| | - Saurabh A Jain
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - G K Rajanikant
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, India
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14
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Ostrowski RP, Zhang JH. The insights into molecular pathways of hypoxia-inducible factor in the brain. J Neurosci Res 2018; 98:57-76. [PMID: 30548473 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this present work were to review recent developments on the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in the survival of cells under normoxic versus hypoxic and inflammatory brain conditions. The dual nature of HIF effects appears well established, based on the accumulated evidence of HIF playing both the role of adaptive factor and mediator of cell demise. Cellular HIF responses depend on pathophysiological conditions, developmental phase, comorbidities, and administered medications. In addition, HIF-1α and HIF-2α actions may vary in the same tissues. The multiple roles of HIF in stem cells are emerging. HIF not only regulates expression of target genes and thereby influences resultant protein levels but also contributes to epigenetic changes that may reciprocally provide feedback regulations loops. These HIF-dependent alterations in neurological diseases and its responses to treatments in vivo need to be examined alongside with a functional status of subjects involved in such studies. The knowledge of HIF pathways might be helpful in devising HIF-mimetics and modulating drugs, acting on the molecular level to improve clinical outcomes, as exemplified here by clinical and experimental data of selected brain diseases, occasionally corroborated by the data from disorders of other organs. Because of complex role of HIF in brain injuries, prospective therapeutic interventions need to differentially target HIF responses depending on their roles in the molecular mechanisms of neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Ostrowski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - John H Zhang
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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15
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Singh L, Aldosary S, Saeedan AS, Ansari MN, Kaithwas G. Prolyl hydroxylase 2: a promising target to inhibit hypoxia-induced cellular metabolism in cancer cells. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1873-1882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Chen R, Lai UH, Zhu L, Singh A, Ahmed M, Forsyth NR. Reactive Oxygen Species Formation in the Brain at Different Oxygen Levels: The Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:132. [PMID: 30364203 PMCID: PMC6192379 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is the master oxygen sensor within cells and is central to the regulation of cell responses to varying oxygen levels. HIF activation during hypoxia ensures optimum ATP production and cell integrity, and is associated both directly and indirectly with reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. HIF activation can either reduce ROS formation by suppressing the function of mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), or increase ROS formation via NADPH oxidase (NOX), a target gene of HIF pathway. ROS is an unavoidable consequence of aerobic metabolism. In normal conditions (i.e., physioxia), ROS is produced at minimal levels and acts as a signaling molecule subject to the dedicated balance between ROS production and scavenging. Changes in oxygen concentrations affect ROS formation. When ROS levels exceed defense mechanisms, ROS causes oxidative stress. Increased ROS levels can also be a contributing factor to HIF stabilization during hypoxia and reoxygenation. In this review, we systemically review HIF activation and ROS formation in the brain during hypoxia and hypoxia/reoxygenation. We will then explore the literature describing how changes in HIF levels might provide pharmacological targets for effective ischaemic stroke treatment. HIF accumulation in the brain via HIF prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibition is proposed as an effective therapy for ischaemia stroke due to its antioxidation and anti-inflammatory properties in addition to HIF pro-survival signaling. PHD is a key regulator of HIF levels in cells. Pharmacological inhibition of PHD increases HIF levels in normoxia (i.e., at 20.9% O2 level). Preconditioning with HIF PHD inhibitors show a neuroprotective effect in both in vitro and in vivo ischaemia stroke models, but post-stroke treatment with PHD inhibitors remains debatable. HIF PHD inhibition during reperfusion can reduce ROS formation and activate a number of cellular survival pathways. Given agents targeting individual molecules in the ischaemic cascade (e.g., antioxidants) fail to be translated in the clinic setting, thus far, HIF pathway targeting and thereby impacting entire physiological networks is a promising drug target for reducing the adverse effects of ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoli Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - U Hin Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ayesha Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Ahmed
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.,College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Nicholas R Forsyth
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
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Zhang Y, Yang K, Wang T, Li W, Jin X, Liu W. Nrdp1 Increases Ischemia Induced Primary Rat Cerebral Cortical Neurons and Pheochromocytoma Cells Apoptosis Via Downregulation of HIF-1α Protein. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:293. [PMID: 28979191 PMCID: PMC5611384 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin receptor degradation protein-1 (Nrdp1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for degradation and regulates cell growth, apoptosis and oxidative stress in various cell types. We have previously shown that Nrdp1 is implicated in ischemic cardiomyocyte death. In this study, we investigated the change of Nrdp1 expression in ischemic neurons and its role in ischemic neuronal injury. Primary rat cerebral cortical neurons and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were infected with adenoviral constructs expressing Nrdp1 gene or its siRNA before exposing to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treatment. Our data showed that Nrdp1 was upregulated in ischemic brain tissue 3 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and in OGD-treated neurons. Of note, Nrdp1 overexpression by Ad-Nrdp1 enhanced OGD-induced neuron apoptosis, while knockdown of Nrdp1 with siRNA attenuated this effect, implicating a role of Nrdp1 in ischemic neuron injury. Moreover, Nrdp1 upregulation is accompanied by increased protein ubiquitylation and decreased protein levels of ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) in OGD-treated neurons, which led to a suppressed interaction between USP8 and HIF-1α and subsequently a reduction in HIF-1α protein accumulation in neurons under OGD conditions. In conclusion, our data support an important role of Nrdp1 upregulation in ischemic neuronal death, and suppressing the interaction between USP8 and HIF-1α and consequently the hypoxic adaptive response of neurons may account for this detrimental effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Baotou Medical CollegeBaotou, China
| | - Ke Yang
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhen, China
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai UniversityYantai, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhen, China
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