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Bauer AJ, Auble B, Clark AL, Hu TY, Isaza A, McNerney KP, Metzger DL, Nicol L, Pierce SR, Sidlow R. Unmet patient needs in monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) deficiency: a review. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1444919. [PMID: 39132310 PMCID: PMC11310894 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1444919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) deficiency is a rare, X-linked disorder arising from mutations in the SLC16A2 gene and resulting from dysfunctional thyroid hormone transport. This disorder is characterized by profound neurodevelopmental delay and motor disability due to a lack of thyroid hormone in the brain, and coexisting endocrinological symptoms, due to chronic thyrotoxicosis, resulting from elevated thyroid hormone outside the central nervous system (CNS). In February 2024, we reviewed the published literature to identify relevant articles reporting on the current unmet needs of patients with MCT8 deficiency. There are several main challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of MCT8 deficiency, with decreased awareness and recognition of MCT8 deficiency among healthcare professionals (HCPs) associated with misdiagnosis and delays in diagnosis. Diagnostic delay may also be attributed to other factors, including the complex symptomology of MCT8 deficiency only becoming apparent several months after birth and pathognomonic serum triiodothyronine (T3) testing not being routinely performed. For patients with MCT8 deficiency, multidisciplinary team care is vital to optimize the support provided to patients and their caregivers. Although there are currently no approved treatments specifically for MCT8 deficiency, earlier identification and diagnosis of this disorder enables earlier access to supportive care and developing treatments focused on improving outcomes and quality of life for both patients and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Bauer
- The Thyroid Center, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bethany Auble
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Amy L. Clark
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tina Y. Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Amber Isaza
- The Thyroid Center, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kyle P. McNerney
- Diabetes Education Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daniel L. Metzger
- The Endocrinology & Diabetes Unit, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lindsey Nicol
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Oregon Health & Science University Doernbecher Children’s Hospital, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Samuel R. Pierce
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Richard Sidlow
- Department of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Valley Children’s Hospital, Madera, CA, United States
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Peng W, Shi S, Yang L, Liu D. Identification of a novel nonsense SLC16A2 gene mutation in an infant with severe neurologic phenotype: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39047. [PMID: 39029020 PMCID: PMC11398793 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) results from a pathogenic variant in the hemizygous subunit of the SLC16A2 gene, which encodes monocarboxylate transporter 8 and follows an X-linked recessive pattern. AHDS manifests as neuropsychomotor developmental delay, intellectual disability, movement disorders, and thyroid hormone abnormalities. It is frequently misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy or hypothyroidism. PATIENT CONCERNS A 9-month-old male infant exhibited poor head control, hypodynamia, motor retardation, hypertonic limbs, and thyroid abnormalities. Despite levothyroxine supplementation and rehabilitation therapy, no improvements were observed. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel nonsense mutation in SLC16A2 (c.124G > T, p.E42X), which unequivocally established the diagnosis. DIAGNOSES AHDS was confirmed. INTERVENTIONS Levothyroxine treatment commenced early in infancy, followed by 3 months of rehabilitation therapy, starting at 5 months of age. The combined administration of levothyroxine and methimazole was initiated at 1 year and 10 months of age, respectively. OUTCOMES While improvements were noted in thyroid hormone levels, neurological developmental delays persisted. LESSONS AHDS should be considered in patients presenting with atypical neurological features and thyroid hormone abnormalities such as elevated triiodothyronine and decreased thyroxine levels. The early utilization of exome sequencing aids in prompt diagnosis. The identified SLC16A2 nonsense mutation correlates with severe neurological phenotypes and adds to the spectrum of genetic variations associated with AHDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuxia Shi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China
| | - Liqi Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Deyun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Mohr SM, Dai Pra R, Platt MP, Feketa VV, Shanabrough M, Varela L, Kristant A, Cao H, Merriman DK, Horvath TL, Bagriantsev SN, Gracheva EO. Hypothalamic hormone deficiency enables physiological anorexia in ground squirrels during hibernation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5803. [PMID: 38987241 PMCID: PMC11236985 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian hibernators survive prolonged periods of cold and resource scarcity by temporarily modulating normal physiological functions, but the mechanisms underlying these adaptations are poorly understood. The hibernation cycle of thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) lasts for 5-7 months and comprises weeks of hypometabolic, hypothermic torpor interspersed with 24-48-h periods of an active-like interbout arousal (IBA) state. We show that ground squirrels, who endure the entire hibernation season without food, have negligible hunger during IBAs. These squirrels exhibit reversible inhibition of the hypothalamic feeding center, such that hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons exhibit reduced sensitivity to the orexigenic and anorexigenic effects of ghrelin and leptin, respectively. However, hypothalamic infusion of thyroid hormone during an IBA is sufficient to rescue hibernation anorexia. Our results reveal that thyroid hormone deficiency underlies hibernation anorexia and demonstrate the functional flexibility of the hypothalamic feeding center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Mohr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Rafael Dai Pra
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Maryann P Platt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Viktor V Feketa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Luis Varela
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Laboratory of Glia-Neuron Interactions in the Control of Hunger. Achucarro_Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Ashley Kristant
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Haoran Cao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Dana K Merriman
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Boulevard, Oshkosh, WI, 54901, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Laboratory of Glia-Neuron Interactions in the Control of Hunger. Achucarro_Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Sviatoslav N Bagriantsev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Elena O Gracheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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Ramon‐Gomez JL, Cortés‐Rojas MC, Polania‐Puentes MJ, Guerrero‐Ruiz GDP. Movement Disorder Perspectives on Monocarboxylate 8 Deficiency: A Case Series of 3 Colombian Patients with Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11:567-570. [PMID: 38454300 PMCID: PMC11078483 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiencies in the thyroid hormone transporter monocarboxylate 8 (MCT8) due to pathogenic variants in the SLC16A2 gene (OMIM 300095) result in a complex phenotype with main endocrine and neurologic symptoms. This rare disorder, named Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) (OMIM 300523), is inherited in an X-linked trait. One of the prominent features of AHDS is the presence of movement disorders (MD), which are complex and carry a significant burden of the disease. CASES Patient 1: male with hypotonia since birth, developmental delay, dystonic posturing at 4 months and at 15 months, and startle reaction developed with sensory stimuli. Patient 2: male, at 2 months, shows hypotonia and developmental delay, paroxysmal episodes triggered by a stimulus with sudden blush, tonic asymmetric posture, and no epileptiform activity. At 10 months, generalized dystonic posturing. Patient 3: typical neurodevelopmental milestones until 6 months; at 24 months, dystonia, startle reaction, and upper motoneuron signs. CONCLUSIONS We aim to describe our patients diagnosed with AHDS, focusing on MD phenomenology and strengthening the phenotype-genotype correlations for this rare condition.
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Mohr SM, Pra RD, Platt MP, Feketa VV, Shanabrough M, Varela L, Kristant A, Cao H, Merriman DK, Horvath TL, Bagriantsev SN, Gracheva EO. Hypothalamic hormone deficiency enables physiological anorexia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.03.15.532843. [PMID: 38559054 PMCID: PMC10979886 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian hibernators survive prolonged periods of cold and resource scarcity by temporarily modulating normal physiological functions, but the mechanisms underlying these adaptations are poorly understood. The hibernation cycle of thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) lasts for 5-7 months and comprises weeks of hypometabolic, hypothermic torpor interspersed with 24-48-hour periods of an active-like interbout arousal (IBA) state. We show that ground squirrels, who endure the entire hibernation season without food, have negligible hunger during IBAs. These squirrels exhibit reversible inhibition of the hypothalamic feeding center, such that hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons exhibit reduced sensitivity to the orexigenic and anorexigenic effects of ghrelin and leptin, respectively. However, hypothalamic infusion of thyroid hormone during an IBA is sufficient to rescue hibernation anorexia. Our results reveal that thyroid hormone deficiency underlies hibernation anorexia and demonstrate the functional flexibility of the hypothalamic feeding center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Mohr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Rafael Dai Pra
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Maryann P. Platt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Viktor V. Feketa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Luis Varela
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain 48940
| | - Ashley Kristant
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Haoran Cao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Dana K. Merriman
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Boulevard, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain 48940
| | - Sviatoslav N. Bagriantsev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Elena O. Gracheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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6
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Salas-Lucia F, Escamilla S, Bianco AC, Dumitrescu A, Refetoff S. Impaired T3 uptake and action in MCT8-deficient cerebral organoids underlie Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e174645. [PMID: 38376950 PMCID: PMC11128209 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with mutations in the thyroid hormone (TH) cell transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) gene develop severe neuropsychomotor retardation known as Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS). It is assumed that this is caused by a reduction in TH signaling in the developing brain during both intrauterine and postnatal developmental stages, and treatment remains understandably challenging. Given species differences in brain TH transporters and the limitations of studies in mice, we generated cerebral organoids (COs) using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from MCT8-deficient patients. MCT8-deficient COs exhibited (i) altered early neurodevelopment, resulting in smaller neural rosettes with thinner cortical units, (ii) impaired triiodothyronine (T3) transport in developing neural cells, as assessed through deiodinase-3-mediated T3 catabolism, (iii) reduced expression of genes involved in cerebral cortex development, and (iv) reduced T3 inducibility of TH-regulated genes. In contrast, the TH analogs 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid and 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid triggered normal responses (induction/repression of T3-responsive genes) in MCT8-deficient COs, constituting proof of concept that lack of T3 transport underlies the pathophysiology of AHDS and demonstrating the clinical potential for TH analogs to be used in treating patients with AHDS. MCT8-deficient COs represent a species-specific relevant preclinical model that can be utilized to screen drugs with potential benefits as personalized therapeutics for patients with AHDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Salas-Lucia
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sergio Escamilla
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Miguel Hernández-CSIC University, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio C. Bianco
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexandra Dumitrescu
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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7
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Mura E, Parazzini C, Tonduti D. Rare forms of hypomyelination and delayed myelination. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2024; 204:225-252. [PMID: 39322381 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99209-1.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Hypomyelination is defined by the evidence of an unchanged pattern of deficient myelination on two MRIs performed at least 6 months apart in a child older than 1 year. When the temporal criteria are not fulfilled, and the follow-up MRI shows a progression of the myelination even if still not adequate for age, hypomyelination is excluded and the pattern is instead consistent with delayed myelination. This can be mild and nonspecific in some cases, while in other cases there is a severe delay that in the first disease stages could be difficult to differentiate from hypomyelination. In hypomyelinating leukodystrophies, hypomyelination is due to a primary impairment of myelin deposition, such as in Pelizaeus Merzabcher disease. Conversely, myelin lack is secondary, often to primary neuronal disorders, in delayed myelination and some condition with hypomyelination. Overall, the group of inherited white matter disorders with abnormal myelination has expanded significantly during the past 20 years. Many of these disorders have only recently been described, for many of them only a few patients have been reported and this contributes to make challenging the diagnostic process and the interpretation of Next Generation Sequencing results. In this chapter, we review the clinical and radiologic features of rare and lesser known forms of hypomyelination and delayed myelination not mentioned in other chapters of this handbook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Mura
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; C.O.A.L.A (Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies), V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Parazzini
- C.O.A.L.A (Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies), V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology Department, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; C.O.A.L.A (Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies), V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Mahesan A, Kamila G, Choudhary P, Jauhari P, Chakrabarty B, Kumar A, Gulati S. Novel SLC16A2 Gene Mutation: A Rare Case of Delayed Myelination with Dysthyroidism,v Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome. Neurol India 2023; 71:1282-1283. [PMID: 38174482 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.391343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Mahesan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Kamila
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Choudhary
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Jauhari
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Atin Kumar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheffali Gulati
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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9
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Richard S, Ren J, Flamant F. Thyroid hormone action during GABAergic neuron maturation: The quest for mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1256877. [PMID: 37854197 PMCID: PMC10579935 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling plays a major role in mammalian brain development. Data obtained in the past years in animal models have pinpointed GABAergic neurons as a major target of TH signaling during development, which opens up new perspectives to further investigate the mechanisms by which TH affects brain development. The aim of the present review is to gather the available information about the involvement of TH in the maturation of GABAergic neurons. After giving an overview of the kinds of neurological disorders that may arise from disruption of TH signaling during brain development in humans, we will take a historical perspective to show how rodent models of hypothyroidism have gradually pointed to GABAergic neurons as a main target of TH signaling during brain development. The third part of this review underscores the challenges that are encountered when conducting gene expression studies to investigate the molecular mechanisms that are at play downstream of TH receptors during brain development. Unravelling the mechanisms of action of TH in the developing brain should help make progress in the prevention and treatment of several neurological disorders, including autism and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frédéric Flamant
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, USC1370 Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Lyon, France
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10
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Jiao F, Zhao Y, Limbu SM, Kong L, Zhang D, Liu X, Yang S, Gui W, Rong H. Cyhexatin causes developmental toxic effects by disrupting endocrine system and inducing behavioral inhibition, apoptosis and DNA hypomethylation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139769. [PMID: 37562506 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyhexatin (CYT), an organotin acaricide, is extensively utilized in developing countries to mitigate plant diseases caused by mites and minimize agricultural crop losses. However, the comprehensive mechanisms underlying the developmental stage of non-target organisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, zebrafish embryos were firstly exposed to CYT (0.06, 0.12, and 0.20 ng/mL, referred to as CYTL, CYTM, and CYTH, respectively) from 2 hpf (hours post fertilization) to 30 dpf (days post fertilization). No developmental toxicity was observed in the CYTL and CYTM groups, except for induced deformed phenotypes in the CYTM group at 120 hpf. However, exposure to CYTH resulted in significant reductions in spontaneous movement (24 hpf), heart rate (48 hpf), hatching rate (48 and 72 hpf), body weight (30 dpf), whole body length (30 dpf), and locomotion (30 dpf). Additionally, CYTH exposure induced morphological malformations, including spinal curvature, pericardial edema, and tail curvature in zebrafish larvae. Moreover, CYTH treatment induced apoptosis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and resulted in significant reductions in free T3, cholesterol, estradiol, and testosterone levels in zebrafish larvae, while free T4 levels were increased. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that CYTH exposure led to significant alterations in the genome-wide gene expression profiles of zebrafish, particularly in the thyroid hormone and steroid biosynthesis signaling pathways, indicating endocrine disruption. Furthermore, CYTH exposure induced global DNA hypomethylation, reduced S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) levels and the SAM/S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) ratio, elevated SAH levels, and suppressed the mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) while also downregulating DNMT1 at both the gene and protein levels in zebrafish larvae. Overall, this study partially elucidated the developmental toxicity and endocrine disruption caused by CYT in zebrafish, providing evidence of the environmental hazards associated with this acaricide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jiao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Samwel Mchele Limbu
- Department of Aquaculture Technology, School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 60091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Lingfu Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Daitao Zhang
- Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441050, PR China
| | - Xianghe Liu
- Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441050, PR China
| | - Sha Yang
- Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441050, PR China
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Hua Rong
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441050, PR China.
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Lv Z, Cheng C, Lv H. Automatic identification of pavement cracks in public roads using an optimized deep convolutional neural network model. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220169. [PMID: 37454685 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to improve the efficiency of automatic identification of pavement distress and improve the status quo of difficult identification and detection of pavement distress. First, the identification method of pavement distress and the types of pavement distress are analysed. Then, the design concept of deep learning in pavement distress recognition is described. Finally, the mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) model is designed and applied in the recognition of road crack distress. The results show that in the evaluation of the model's comprehensive recognition performance, the highest accuracy is 99%, and the lowest accuracy is 95% after the test and evaluation of the designed model in different datasets. In the evaluation of different crack identification and detection methods, the highest accuracy of transverse crack detection is 98% and the lowest accuracy is 95%. In longitudinal crack detection, the highest accuracy is 98% and the lowest accuracy is 92%. In mesh crack detection, the highest accuracy is 98% and the lowest accuracy is 92%. This work not only provides an in-depth reference for the application of deep CNNs in pavement distress recognition but also promotes the improvement of road traffic conditions, thus contributing to the progression of smart cities in the future. This article is part of the theme issue 'Artificial intelligence in failure analysis of transportation infrastructure and materials'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Lv
- Department of Game design, Faculty of Arts, 752 36 Uppsala, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Chen Cheng
- The Second Monitoring and Application Center, CEA, Xìan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Lv
- North China Sea Offshore Engineering Survey Institute, Ministry Of Natural Resources North Sea Bureau, People's Republic of China
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Wang T, Wang Y, Montero-Pedrazuela A, Prensa L, Guadaño-Ferraz A, Rausell E. Thyroid Hormone Transporters MCT8 and OATP1C1 Are Expressed in Projection Neurons and Interneurons of Basal Ganglia and Motor Thalamus in the Adult Human and Macaque Brains. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9643. [PMID: 37298594 PMCID: PMC10254002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) and organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1C1 (OATP1C1) are thyroid hormone (TH) transmembrane transporters relevant for the availability of TH in neural cells, crucial for their proper development and function. Mutations in MCT8 or OATP1C1 result in severe disorders with dramatic movement disability related to alterations in basal ganglia motor circuits. Mapping the expression of MCT8/OATP1C1 in those circuits is necessary to explain their involvement in motor control. We studied the distribution of both transporters in the neuronal subpopulations that configure the direct and indirect basal ganglia motor circuits using immunohistochemistry and double/multiple labeling immunofluorescence for TH transporters and neuronal biomarkers. We found their expression in the medium-sized spiny neurons of the striatum (the receptor neurons of the corticostriatal pathway) and in various types of its local microcircuitry interneurons, including the cholinergic. We also demonstrate the presence of both transporters in projection neurons of intrinsic and output nuclei of the basal ganglia, motor thalamus and nucleus basalis of Meynert, suggesting an important role of MCT8/OATP1C1 for modulating the motor system. Our findings suggest that a lack of function of these transporters in the basal ganglia circuits would significantly impact motor system modulation, leading to clinically severe movement impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- School of Medicine, Department Anatomy Histology & Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.W.); (Y.W.); (L.P.)
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM)-Cajal Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Medicine, Department Anatomy Histology & Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.W.); (Y.W.); (L.P.)
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM)-Cajal Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Pedrazuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lucía Prensa
- School of Medicine, Department Anatomy Histology & Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.W.); (Y.W.); (L.P.)
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Estrella Rausell
- School of Medicine, Department Anatomy Histology & Neuroscience, Autónoma de Madrid University (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.W.); (Y.W.); (L.P.)
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Lazcano I, Pech-Pool SM, Olvera A, García-Martínez I, Palacios-Pérez S, Orozco A. The importance of thyroid hormone signaling during early development: Lessons from the zebrafish model. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 334:114225. [PMID: 36709002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish is an optimal experimental model to study thyroid hormone (TH) involvement in vertebrate development. The use of state-of-the-art zebrafish genetic tools available for the study of the effect of gene silencing, cell fate decisions and cell lineage differentiation have contributed to a more insightful comprehension of molecular, cellular, and tissue-specific TH actions. In contrast to intrauterine development, extrauterine embryogenesis observed in zebrafish has facilitated a more detailed study of the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. This model has also enabled a more insightful analysis of TH molecular actions upon the organization and function of the brain, the retina, the heart, and the immune system. Consequently, zebrafish has become a trendy model to address paradigms of TH-related functional and biomedical importance. We here compilate the available knowledge regarding zebrafish developmental events for which specific components of TH signaling are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lazcano
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - S M Pech-Pool
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - A Olvera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - I García-Martínez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - S Palacios-Pérez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - A Orozco
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
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Valcárcel-Hernández V, Guillén-Yunta M, Scanlan TS, Bárez-López S, Guadaño-Ferraz A. Maternal Administration of the CNS-Selective Sobetirome Prodrug Sob-AM2 Exerts Thyromimetic Effects in Murine MCT8-Deficient Fetuses. Thyroid 2023; 33:632-640. [PMID: 36792926 PMCID: PMC10171952 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) deficiency is a rare X-linked disease where patients exhibit peripheral hyperthyroidism and cerebral hypothyroidism, which results in severe neurological impairments. These brain defects arise from a lack of thyroid hormones (TH) during critical stages of human brain development. Treatment options for MCT8-deficient patients are limited and none have been able to prevent or ameliorate effectively the neurological impairments. This study explored the effects of the TH agonist sobetirome and its CNS-selective amide prodrug, Sob-AM2, in the treatment of pregnant dams carrying fetuses lacking Mct8 and deiodinase type 2 (Mct8/Dio2 KO), as a murine model for MCT8 deficiency. Methods: Pregnant dams carrying Mct8/Dio2 KO fetuses were treated with 1 mg of sobetirome/kg body weight/day, or 0.3 mg of Sob-AM2/kg body weight/day for 7 days, starting at embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5). As controls, pregnant dams carrying wild-type and pregnant dams carrying Mct8/Dio2 KO fetuses were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of vehicle. Dams TH levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples were extracted at E18.5 and the effect of treatments on the expression of triiodothyronine (T3)-dependent genes was measured in the placenta, fetal liver, and fetal cerebral cortex by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Maternal sobetirome treatment led to spontaneous abortions. Sob-AM2 treatment, however, was able to cross the placental as well as the brain barriers and exert thyromimetic effects in Mct8/Dio2 KO fetal tissues. Sob-AM2 treatment did not affect the expression of the T3-target genes analyzed in the placenta, but it mediated thyromimetic effects in the fetal liver by increasing the expression of Dio1 and Dio3 genes. Interestingly, Sob-AM2 treatment increased the expression of several T3-dependent genes in the brain such as Hr, Shh, Dio3, Kcnj10, Klf9, and Faah in Mct8/Dio2 KO fetuses. Conclusions: Maternal administration of Sob-AM2 can cross the placental barrier and access the fetal tissues, including the brain, in the absence of MCT8, to exert thyromimetic actions by modulating the expression of T3-dependent genes. Therefore, Sob-AM2 has the potential to address the cerebral hypothyroidism characteristic of MCT8 deficiency from fetal stages and to prevent neurodevelopmental alterations in the MCT8-deficient fetal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Valcárcel-Hernández
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Guillén-Yunta
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas S Scanlan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Soledad Bárez-López
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Valcárcel-Hernández V, Guillén-Yunta M, Bueno-Arribas M, Montero-Pedrazuela A, Grijota-Martínez C, Markossian S, García-Aldea Á, Flamant F, Bárez-López S, Guadaño-Ferraz A. A CRISPR/Cas9-engineered avatar mouse model of monocarboxylate transporter 8 deficiency displays distinct neurological alterations. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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De Angelis M, Maity-Kumar G, Schriever SC, Kozlova EV, Müller TD, Pfluger PT, Curras-Collazo MC, Schramm KW. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS methodology for the quantification of thyroid hormones in dko MCT8/OATP1C1 mouse brain. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115038. [PMID: 36152487 PMCID: PMC7613747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Allan-Herndon Dudley Syndrome (AHDS) is a rare disease caused by the progressive loss of monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). In patients with AHDS, the absence of MCT8 impairs transport of thyroid hormones (TH) through the blood brain barrier, leading to a central state of TH deficiency. In mice, the AHDS is mimicked by simultaneous deletion of the TH transporters MCT8 and the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1c1 (OATP1C1). To support preclinical mouse studies, an analytical methodology was developed and successfully applied for quantifying selected thyroid hormones in mouse whole brain and in specific regions using liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). An important requirement for the methodology was its high sensitivity since a very low concentration of THs was expected in MCT8/OATP1C1 double-knockout (dko) mouse brain. Seven THs were targeted: L-thyroxine (T4), 3,3,5-triiodo-L-thyronine-thy-ronine (T3), 3,3’,5’-triiodo-L-thyronine-thyronine (rT3), 3,3-diiodo-L-thyronine (3,3’-T2, T2), 3,5-diiodo-L-thyro-nine (rT2, 3,5-T2), 3-iodo-L-thyronine (T1), 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM). Isotope dilution liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry methodology was applied for detection and quantification. The method was validated in wild-type animals for mouse whole brain and for five different brain regions (hypothalamus, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, brainstem and cortex). Instrumental calibration curves ranged from 0.35 to 150 pg/μL with good linearity (r2 >0.996). The limit of quantification was from 0.08 to 0.6 pg/mg, with an intra- and inter-day precision of 4.2−14.02% and 0.4−17.9% respectively, and accuracies between 84.9% and 114.8% when the methodology was validated for the whole brain. In smaller, distinct brain regions, intra- and inter-day precision were 0.6−20.7% and 2.5−15.6% respectively, and accuracies were 80.2−128.6%. The new methodology was highly sensitive and allowed for the following quantification in wild-type mice: (i) for the first time, four distinct thyroid hormones (T4, T3, rT3 and 3,3’-T2) in only approximately 100 mg of mouse brain were detected; (ii) the quantification of T4 and T3 for the first time in distinct mouse brain regions were reported. Further, application of our method to MCT8/OATP1C1 dko mice revealed the expected, relative lack of T3 and T4 uptake into the brain, and confirmed the utility of our analytical method to study TH transport across the blood brain barrier in a preclinical model of central TH deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri De Angelis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Gandhari Maity-Kumar
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sonja C Schriever
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit Neurobiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elena V Kozlova
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit Neurobiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; TUM School of Medicine, Neurobiology of Diabetes, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | | | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Department für Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, Freising, Germany
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Abstract
Thyroid diseases in children and adolescents include acquired or congenital conditions, including genetic disorders either isolated or part of a syndrome. Briefly, we will review the physiology and pathophysiology of the thyroid gland and its disorders. The aim of this chapter is to describe genetic abnormalities of the thyroid gland.
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Chen X, Liu L, Zeng C. A novel variant in SLC16A2 associated with typical Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:180. [PMID: 35382784 PMCID: PMC8981932 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) is an X-linked recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the SLC16A2 gene that encodes thyroid hormone transporter. AHDS has been rarely reported in China. Case presentation This study reported a novel splicing mutation in the SLC16A2 gene in an 18-month-old male patient with AHDS. The patient was born to non-consanguineous, healthy parents of Chinese origin. He passed new-born screening for hypothyroidism, but failed to reach developmental milestones. He presented with hypotonia, severe mental retardation, dysarthria and ataxia. Genetic analysis identified a novel splicing mutation, NM_006517.4: c.431-2 A > G, in the SLC16A2 gene inherited from his mother. The patient received Triac treatment, (triiodothyroacetic acid), a thyroid hormone analogue for 3 months. Triac treatment effectively reduced serum TSH concentrations and normalized serum T3 concentrations in the patient. Conclusions This study reported the first case of AHDS treated by Triac in China. And the study expanded the mutational spectrum of the SLC16A2 gene in AHDS patients. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03259-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Rd, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Rd, 510623, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chunhua Zeng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Rd, 510623, Guangzhou, China.
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Genetic and Neurological Deficiencies in the Visual System of mct8 Mutant Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052464. [PMID: 35269606 PMCID: PMC8910067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs; T3 and T4) enter cells using specific transporters and regulate development and metabolism. Mutation in the TH transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8, SLC16A2) is associated with brain hypothyroidism and neurological impairment. We established mct8 mutant (mct8-/-) zebrafish as a model for MCT8 deficiency, which causes endocrinological, neurological, and behavioral alterations. Here, we profiled the transcriptome of mct8-/- larvae. Among hundreds of differentially expressed genes, the expression of a cluster of vision-related genes was distinct. Specifically, the expression of the opsin 1 medium wave sensitive 2 (opn1mw2) decreased in two mct8 mutants: mct8-/- and mct8-25bp-/- larvae, and under pharmacological inhibition of TH production. Optokinetic reflex (OKR) assays showed a reduction in the number of conjugated eye movements, and live imaging of genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator revealed altered neuronal activity in the pretectum area of mct8-25bp-/- larvae. These results imply that MCT8 and THs regulate the development of the visual system and suggest a mechanism to the deficiencies observed in the visual system of MCT8-deficiency patients.
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Beheshti R, Aprile J, Lee C. Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome: A Novel Pathogenic Variant of the SLC16A2 gene. Cureus 2022; 14:e21771. [PMID: 35251841 PMCID: PMC8890594 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) is a rare disorder characterized by thyroid irregularities, neurological issues, and developmental delay. In this article, we reported a patient with AHDS who presented with severe developmental delay and failure to thrive in the setting of thyroid irregularities. The patient had missense mutations in the SLC16A2 gene, which codes for monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). We identified two single-nucleotide variants, including guanine to alanine substitution at position +1 of intron 5 (IVS5+1 G>A) and guanine to alanine substitution at position 1400 of intron 1 (c.1400G>A). This variant has not been previously reported as pathogenic in a patient diagnosed with AHDS, as missense and in-frame single amino-acid deletions have not generally been associated with severe neurodevelopment sequela. We review the clinical and laboratory findings of this rare condition. We will discuss the value of early recognition and diagnosis based on promising clinical trials to treat the neurological and developmental sequela associated with AHDS.
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Zhang Q, Yang Q, Zhou X, Qin Z, Yi S, Luo J. Characteristics of Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome in Chinese children: Identification of two novel pathogenic variants of the SLC16A2 gene. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1050023. [PMID: 36458135 PMCID: PMC9705582 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1050023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify causative variants associated with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) in two unrelated Chinese families, and to determine their potential pathogenicity. We also summarized the core clinical symptoms of AHDS by reviewing the related literature. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of AHDS patients and their family members. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the proband from each family to identify the candidate variants. Subsequently, Sanger sequencing was used to verify the identified candidate variants and to assess co-segregation among the available family members. In silico prediction combined with 3D protein modeling was conducted to predict the functional effects of the variants on the encoded protein. RESULTS Two novel hemizygous variants of SLC16A2, c.1111_1112insGTCTTGT (Gly375fs*6) and c.942delA (Val315fs*28), were detected in two patients. We compared the clinical symptoms of the patients with all patients with AHDS reported in China and those reported in the literature. While both our patients presented symptoms mostly consistent with AHDS, Patient 1 had no abnormal brain structure and thyroid function, and yet showed other symptoms including lactic aciduria, conjunctival hyperemia, vomiting, laryngeal stridor, low immunoglobulin and iron levels. CONCLUSIONS This study expands the mutation spectrum of AHDS and has clinical value for variant-based prenatal and postnatal screening for this condition. Doctors often have difficulty identifying AHDS by using clinical symptoms. WES can help to identify specific disorder when diagnosis cannot be made based on symptoms alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- The Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Qi Yang
- The Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Xunzhao Zhou
- The Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Zailong Qin
- The Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Shang Yi
- The Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- The Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute, Nanning, China
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Masnada S, Sarret C, Antonello CE, Fadilah A, Krude H, Mura E, Mordekar S, Nicita F, Olivotto S, Orcesi S, Porta F, Remerand G, Siri B, Wilpert NM, Amir-Yazdani P, Bertini E, Schuelke M, Bernard G, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Tonduti D. Movement disorders in MCT8 deficiency/Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 135:109-113. [PMID: 34969638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES MCT8 deficiency is a rare genetic leukoencephalopathy caused by a defect of thyroid hormone transport across cell membranes, particularly through blood brain barrier and into neural cells. It is characterized by a complex neurological presentation, signs of peripheral thyrotoxicosis and cerebral hypothyroidism. Movement disorders (MDs) have been frequently mentioned in this condition, but not systematically studied. METHODS Each patient recruited was video-recorded during a routine outpatient visit according to a predefined protocol. The presence and the type of MDs were evaluated. The type of MD was blindly scored by two child neurologists experts in inherited white matter diseases and in MD. Dystonia was scored according to Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS). When more than one MD was present, the predominant one was scored. RESULTS 27 patients were included through a multicenter collaboration. In many cases we saw a combination of different MDs. Hypokinesia was present in 25/27 patients and was the predominant MD in 19. It was often associated with hypomimia and global hypotonia. Dystonia was observed in 25/27 patients, however, in a minority of cases (5) it was deemed the predominant MD. In eleven patients, exaggerated startle reactions and/or other paroxysmal non-epileptic events were observed. CONCLUSION MDs are frequent clinical features of MCT8 deficiency, possibly related to the important role of thyroid hormones in brain development and functioning of normal dopaminergic circuits of the basal ganglia. Dystonia is common, but usually mild to moderate in severity, while hypokinesia was the predominant MD in the majority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Masnada
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy; C.O.A.L.A (Center for diagnosis and treatment of leukodystrophies), V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Catherine Sarret
- Centre de Compétence des Leucodystrophies et Leucoencéphalopathies de Cause Rare, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Clara Eleonora Antonello
- C.O.A.L.A (Center for diagnosis and treatment of leukodystrophies), V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ala Fadilah
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Heiko Krude
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Eleonora Mura
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy; C.O.A.L.A (Center for diagnosis and treatment of leukodystrophies), V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Santosh Mordekar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Francesco Nicita
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Olivotto
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy; C.O.A.L.A (Center for diagnosis and treatment of leukodystrophies), V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Porta
- Pediatric Department, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Ganaelle Remerand
- Service de Néonatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Barbara Siri
- Pediatric Department, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Metabolic Unit, Department Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Italy.
| | - Nina-Maria Wilpert
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Pouneh Amir-Yazdani
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Disorders, French Reference Center for Leukodystrophies, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France; Inserm UMR1141 Neuroprotect, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Cite, Paris, France
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy; C.O.A.L.A (Center for diagnosis and treatment of leukodystrophies), V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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Audouze K, Zgheib E, Abass K, Baig AH, Forner-Piquer I, Holbech H, Knapen D, Leonards PEG, Lupu DI, Palaniswamy S, Rautio A, Sapounidou M, Martin OV. Evidenced-Based Approaches to Support the Development of Endocrine-Mediated Adverse Outcome Pathways: Challenges and Opportunities. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2021; 3:787017. [PMID: 35295112 PMCID: PMC8915810 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.787017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias Zgheib
- Université de Paris, T3S, Inserm U1124, Paris, France
| | - Khaled Abass
- Thule Institute, University of Arctic, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pesticides, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Asma H. Baig
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Forner-Piquer
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pim E. G. Leonards
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diana I. Lupu
- Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Saranya Palaniswamy
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arja Rautio
- Thule Institute, University of Arctic, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Sapounidou
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olwenn V. Martin
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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Valcárcel-Hernández V, López-Espíndola D, Guillén-Yunta M, García-Aldea Á, López de Toledo Soler I, Bárez-López S, Guadaño-Ferraz A. Deficient thyroid hormone transport to the brain leads to impairments in axonal caliber and oligodendroglial development. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 162:105567. [PMID: 34838669 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the thyroid hormone transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) lead to profound brain alterations, including myelination impairments, in humans. We aimed to further explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the MCT8 deficiency-associated myelination impairments to unravel new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We have performed brain histological analysis on an MCT8-deficient subject and histological, ultrastructural, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis in the brain of a mouse model of the syndrome, lacking MCT8 and enzyme deiodinase type 2 (DIO2, Mct8/Dio2 KO). We have found that the MCT8-deficient subject presents severely reduced myelin lipid and protein staining and increased proportion of small-caliber myelinated axons in detriment of large-caliber ones. Mct8/Dio2 KO mice present myelination impairments and abnormal oligodendroglial development. We conclude that the greater proportion of small-caliber axons and impairments in the oligodendroglia lineage progression arise as potential mechanisms underlying the permanent myelination defects in MCT8-deficiency. Moreover, we present the Mct8/Dio2 KO mouse model, and MRI as a non-invasive biomarker, as highly valuable tools for preclinical studies involving MCT8 deficiency. These findings contribute to the understanding of the pathological mechanisms in MCT8 deficiency and suggest new biomarkers and therapeutic targets to consider therapeutic options for the neurological defects in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Valcárcel-Hernández
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela López-Espíndola
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Escuela de Tecnología Médica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Universidad de Valparaíso, Angamos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Marina Guillén-Yunta
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel García-Aldea
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés López de Toledo Soler
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Bárez-López
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, BS1 3NY Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Han JY, Lee S, Woo H, Kim SY, Kim H, Lim BC, Hwang H, Choi J, Kim KJ, Chae JH. Heterogeneous Clinical Characteristics of Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome with SLC16A2 Mutations. ANNALS OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.26815/acn.2021.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to expand our understanding of phenotypic and genetic variation in Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS), which is a rare X-linked mental retardation syndrome characterized by hypotonia, generalized spasticity, and moderate-to-severe psychomotor retardation. AHDS is caused by a mutation of solute carrier family 16 member 2 (SLC16A2), which encodes monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), the transporter of triiodothyronine (T3) into neurons. Methods: We enrolled nine patients with AHDS from unrelated families, except for two patients who were cousins, through a retrospective chart review. Clinical features, brain imaging, electroencephalograms, thyroid hormone profiles, and genetic data were reviewed retrospectively and compared with previously reported cases. Results: We found three novel and five previously reported pathogenic variants in nine patients from eight families. All patients presented with hypotonia, spasticity, severe developmental delay, and elevated serum T3 levels. Cataplexy, which is a previously unreported phenotype, was found in two patients with the same mutation. In our cohort, seizures were uncommon (n=1) but intractable. Conclusion: This study broadens the known phenotypic variations of AHDS, ranging from relatively mild global developmental delay to a severe form of encephalopathy with hypotonia, spasticity, and no acquisition of independent sitting. The syndromic classification or genetic etiology of global developmental delay is extremely heterogeneous; therefore, early clinical suspicion is challenging for clinicians. However, severe mental retardation with hypotonia, spasticity, and elevated serum T3 levels in male patients is a highly suspicious clinical clue for the early diagnosis of AHDS.
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Li R, Yang L, Han J, Zou Y, Wang Y, Feng C, Zhou B. Early-life exposure to tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate caused multigenerational neurodevelopmental toxicity in zebrafish via altering maternal thyroid hormones transfer and epigenetic modifications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117471. [PMID: 34082372 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), an alternative to brominated flame retardants, might pose an exposure risk to humans and wild animals during fetal development. Our recent study suggested that short-term TDCIPP exposure during early development caused sex-dependent behavioral alteration in adults. In the present study, multigenerational neurodevelopmental toxicity upon early-life exposure of parental zebrafish was evaluated, and the possible underlying mechanisms were further explored. Specifically, after embryonic exposure (0-10 days post-fertilization, dpf) to TDCIPP (0, 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 μM), zebrafish larvae were cultured in clean water until the sexually matured to produce progeny (F1). The results confirmed neurodevelopmental toxicity in F1 larvae characterized by changes of developmental endpoints, reduced thigmotaxis, as well as altered transcription of genes including myelin basic protein a (mbpa), growth associated protein (gap43) and synapsin IIa (syn2a). Sex-specific changes in thyroid hormones (THs) indicated the relationship of abnormal THs levels with previously reported neurotoxicity in adult females after early-life exposure to TDCIPP. Similar changing profiles of TH levels (increased T3 and decreased T4) in adult females and F1 eggs, but not in F1 larvae, suggested that the TH disruptions were primarily inherited from the maternal fish. Further results demonstrated hypermethylation of global DNA and key genes related to TH transport including transthyretin (ttr) and solute carrier family 16 member 2 (slc16a2), which might affect the transport of THs to target tissues, thus at least partially contributing to the neurodevelopmental toxicity in F1 larvae. Overall, our results confirmed that early-life TDCIPP exposure of parental fish could affect the early neurodevelopment of F1 offspring. The underlying mechanism could involve altered TH levels inherited from maternal zebrafish and epigenetic modifications in F1 larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Li
- Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Changjiang River Basin Ecological Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430014, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Yingcai Wang
- Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Changjiang River Basin Ecological Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Li J, Xie J, Wu D, Chen L, Gong Z, Wu R, Hu Y, Zhao J, Xu Y. A pan-cancer analysis revealed the role of the SLC16 family in cancer. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:528-540. [PMID: 34424811 PMCID: PMC8386723 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1965422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the serious diseases that endanger human health and bring a heavy burden to world economic development. Although the current targeted therapy and immunotherapy have achieved initial results, the emergence of drug resistance shows that the existing research is far from enough. In recent years, the tumor microenvironment has been found to be an important condition for tumor development and has profound research value. The SLC16 family is a group of monocarboxylic acid transporters involved in cancer metabolism and the formation of the tumor microenvironment. However, there have been no generalized cancer studies in the SLC16 family. In this study, we conducted a pan-cancer analysis of the SLC16 family. The results showed that multiple members of the SLC16 family could be used as prognostic indicators for many tumors, and were associated with immune invasion and tumor stem cells. Therefore, the SLC16 family has extensive exploration value in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaheng Xie
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Fuyang Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Zetian Gong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangning Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yetao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Chandel V, Maru S, Kumar A, Kumar A, Sharma A, Rathi B, Kumar D. Role of monocarboxylate transporters in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Life Sci 2021; 279:119709. [PMID: 34102188 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and Neck tumors are metabolically highly altered solid tumors. Head and Neck cancer cells may utilise different metabolic pathways for energy production. Whereas, glycolysis is the major source coupled with oxidative phosphorylation in a metabolic symbiosis manner that results in the proliferation and metastasis in Head and Neck Cancer. The monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) constitute a family of 14 members among which MCT1-4 are responsible for transporting monocarboxylates such as l-lactate and pyruvate, and ketone bodies across the plasma membrane. Additionally, MCTs mediate absorption and distribution of monocarboxylates across the cell membrane. Head and Neck cancer cells are highly glycolytic in nature and generate significant amount of lactic acid in the extracellular environment. In such condition, MCTs play a critical role in the regulation of pH, and lactate shuttle maintenance. The intracellular lactate accumulation is harmful for the cells since it drastically lowers the intracellular pH. MCTs facilitate the export of lactate out of the cell. The lactate export mediated by MCTs is crucial for the cancer cells survival. Therefore, targeting MCTs is important and could be a potential therapeutic approach to control growth of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Chandel
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sec-125, Noida 201313, UP, India
| | - Saurabh Maru
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed to be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, Saket Nagar, Bhopal 462 020, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, Bharat, India
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Laboratory of Computational Modelling of Drugs, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sec-125, Noida 201313, UP, India.
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Schiera G, Di Liegro CM, Di Liegro I. Involvement of Thyroid Hormones in Brain Development and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2693. [PMID: 34070729 PMCID: PMC8197921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and maturation of the mammalian brain are regulated by thyroid hormones (THs). Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism cause serious anomalies in the organization and function of the nervous system. Most importantly, brain development is sensitive to TH supply well before the onset of the fetal thyroid function, and thus depends on the trans-placental transfer of maternal THs during pregnancy. Although the mechanism of action of THs mainly involves direct regulation of gene expression (genomic effects), mediated by nuclear receptors (THRs), it is now clear that THs can elicit cell responses also by binding to plasma membrane sites (non-genomic effects). Genomic and non-genomic effects of THs cooperate in modeling chromatin organization and function, thus controlling proliferation, maturation, and metabolism of the nervous system. However, the complex interplay of THs with their targets has also been suggested to impact cancer proliferation as well as metastatic processes. Herein, after discussing the general mechanisms of action of THs and their physiological effects on the nervous system, we will summarize a collection of data showing that thyroid hormone levels might influence cancer proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (C.M.D.L.)
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (C.M.D.L.)
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata) (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Natural Autoimmunity to the Thyroid Hormone Monocarboxylate Transporters MCT8 and MCT10. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050496. [PMID: 33946552 PMCID: PMC8147215 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The monocarboxylate transporters 8 (MCT8) and 10 (MCT10) are important for thyroid hormone (TH) uptake and signaling. Reduced TH activity is associated with impaired development, weight gain and discomfort. We hypothesized that autoantibodies (aAb) to MCT8 or MCT10 are prevalent in thyroid disease and obesity. Analytical tests for MCT8-aAb and MCT10-aAb were developed and characterized with commercial antiserum. Serum samples from healthy controls, thyroid patients and young overweight subjects were analyzed, and prevalence of the aAb was compared. MCT8-aAb were additionally tested for biological effects on thyroid hormone uptake in cell culture. Positive MCT8-aAb and MCT10-aAb were detected in all three clinical cohorts analyzed. MCT8-aAb were most prevalent in thyroid patients (11.9%) as compared to healthy controls (3.8%) and overweight adolescents (4.2%). MCT8-aAb positive serum reduced T4 uptake in cell culture in comparison to MCT8-aAb negative control serum. Prevalence of MCT10-aAb was highest in the group of thyroid patients as compared to healthy subjects or overweight adolescents (9.0% versus 4.5% and 6.3%, respectively). We conclude that MCT8 and MCT10 represent autoantigens in humans, and that MCT8-aAb may interfere with regular TH uptake and signaling. The increased prevalence of MCT8-aAb and MCT10-aAb in thyroid disease suggests that their presence may be of pathophysiological relevance. This hypothesis deserves an analysis in large prospective studies.
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Romano RM, de Oliveira JM, de Oliveira VM, de Oliveira IM, Torres YR, Bargi-Souza P, Martino Andrade AJ, Romano MA. Could Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Be Associated With Increased Thyroid Diseases Worldwide? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:627167. [PMID: 33815286 PMCID: PMC8018287 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.627167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of thyroid diseases raises a series of questions about what the main predisposing factors are nowadays. If dietary restriction of iodine was once a major global health concern, today, the processes of industrialization of food and high exposure to a wide variety of environmental chemicals may be affecting, directly or indirectly, thyroid function. The homeostasis of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis is finely regulated through the negative feedback mechanism exerted by thyroid hormones. Allostatic mechanisms are triggered to adjust the physiology of HPT axis in chronic conditions. Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides are pesticides with controversial endocrine disrupting activities and only few studies have approached their effects on HPT axis and thyroid function. However, glyphosate has an electrophilic and nucleophilic zwitterion chemical structure that may affect the mechanisms involved in iodide oxidation and organification, as well as the oxidative phosphorylation in the ATP synthesis. Thus, in this review, we aimed to: (1) discuss the critical points in the regulation of HPT axis and thyroid hormones levels balance, which may be susceptible to the toxic action of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides, correlating the molecular mechanisms involved in glyphosate toxicity described in the literature that may, directly or indirectly, be associated to the higher incidence of thyroid diseases; and (2) present the literature regarding glyphosate toxicity in HPT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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van Geest FS, Groeneweg S, Visser WE. Monocarboxylate transporter 8 deficiency: update on clinical characteristics and treatment. Endocrine 2021; 71:689-695. [PMID: 33650046 PMCID: PMC8016746 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Defective thyroid hormone transport due to deficiency in thyroid hormone transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) results in severe neurodevelopmental delay due to cerebral hypothyroidism and in clinical negative sequelae following a chronic thyrotoxic state in peripheral tissues. The life expectancy of patients with MCT8 deficiency is severely impaired. Increased mortality is associated with lack of head control and being underweight at young age. Treatment options are available to alleviate the thyrotoxic state; particularly, treatment with the thyroid hormone analogue triiodothyroacetic acid seems a promising therapy. This review provides an overview of key clinical features and treatment options available and under development for this rare disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdy S van Geest
- Academic Center For Thyroid Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Groeneweg
- Academic Center For Thyroid Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Edward Visser
- Academic Center For Thyroid Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Grijota-Martínez C, Bárez-López S, Ausó E, Refetoff S, Frey WH, Guadaño-Ferraz A. Intranasal delivery of Thyroid hormones in MCT8 deficiency. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236113. [PMID: 32687511 PMCID: PMC7371167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of function mutations in the gene encoding the thyroid hormone transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) lead to severe neurodevelopmental defects in humans associated with a specific thyroid hormone phenotype manifesting high serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and low thyroxine (T4) levels. Patients present a paradoxical state of peripheral hyperthyroidism and brain hypothyroidism, this last one most likely arising from impaired thyroid hormone transport across the brain barriers. The administration of thyroid hormones by delivery pathways that bypass the brain barriers, such as the intranasal delivery route, offers the possibility to improve the neurological defects of MCT8-deficient patients. In this study, the thyroid hormones T4 and T3 were administrated intranasally in different mouse models of MCT8 deficiency. We have found that, under the present formulation, intranasal administration of thyroid hormones does not increase the content of thyroid hormones in the brain and further raises the peripheral thyroid hormone levels. Our data suggests intranasal delivery of thyroid hormones is not a suitable therapeutic strategy for MCT8 deficiency, although alternative formulations could be considered in the future to improve the nose-to-brain transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Grijota-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (Ciberer), Unit 708, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Bárez-López
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (Ciberer), Unit 708, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Ausó
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, Alicante, Spain
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Departments of Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - William H. Frey
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- HealthPartners Institute, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (Ciberer), Unit 708, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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