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Bilgic B, Costagli M, Chan KS, Duyn J, Langkammer C, Lee J, Li X, Liu C, Marques JP, Milovic C, Robinson SD, Schweser F, Shmueli K, Spincemaille P, Straub S, van Zijl P, Wang Y. Recommended implementation of quantitative susceptibility mapping for clinical research in the brain: A consensus of the ISMRM electro-magnetic tissue properties study group. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1834-1862. [PMID: 38247051 PMCID: PMC10950544 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This article provides recommendations for implementing QSM for clinical brain research. It is a consensus of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Electro-Magnetic Tissue Properties Study Group. While QSM technical development continues to advance rapidly, the current QSM methods have been demonstrated to be repeatable and reproducible for generating quantitative tissue magnetic susceptibility maps in the brain. However, the many QSM approaches available have generated a need in the neuroimaging community for guidelines on implementation. This article outlines considerations and implementation recommendations for QSM data acquisition, processing, analysis, and publication. We recommend that data be acquired using a monopolar 3D multi-echo gradient echo (GRE) sequence and that phase images be saved and exported in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format and unwrapped using an exact unwrapping approach. Multi-echo images should be combined before background field removal, and a brain mask created using a brain extraction tool with the incorporation of phase-quality-based masking. Background fields within the brain mask should be removed using a technique based on SHARP or PDF, and the optimization approach to dipole inversion should be employed with a sparsity-based regularization. Susceptibility values should be measured relative to a specified reference, including the common reference region of the whole brain as a region of interest in the analysis. The minimum acquisition and processing details required when reporting QSM results are also provided. These recommendations should facilitate clinical QSM research and promote harmonized data acquisition, analysis, and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkin Bilgic
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mauro Costagli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Magnetic Resonance, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kwok-Shing Chan
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeff Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jongho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xu Li
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - José P Marques
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Milovic
- School of Electrical Engineering (EIE), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Simon Daniel Robinson
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre of Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ferdinand Schweser
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical and Translational Science Institute at the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Karin Shmueli
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- MRI Research Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sina Straub
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- MRI Research Institute, Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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Haacke EM, Xu Q, Kokeny P, Gharabaghi S, Chen Y, Wu B, Liu Y, He N, Yan F. Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo (STAGE) Imaging, part IV: Constrained Reconstruction of White Noise (CROWN) Processing as a Means to Improve Signal-to-Noise in STAGE Imaging at 3 Tesla. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 107:55-68. [PMID: 38181834 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has always been of critical importance for magnetic resonance imaging. Although increasing field strength provides a linear increase in SNR, it is more and more costly as field strength increases. Therefore, there is a major effort today to use signal processing methods to improve SNR since it is more efficient and economical. There are a variety of methods to improve SNR such as averaging the data at the expense of imaging time, or collecting the data with a lower resolution, all of these methods, including imaging processing methods, usually come at the expense of loss of image detail or image blurring. Therefore, we developed a new mathematical approach called CROWN (Constrained Reconstruction of White Noise) to enhance SNR without loss of structural detail and without affecting scanning time. In this study, we introduced and tested the concept behind CROWN specifically for STAGE (strategically acquired gradient echo) imaging. The concept itself is presented first, followed by simulations to demonstrate its theoretical effectiveness. Then the SNR improvement on proton spin density (PSD) and R2⁎ maps was investigated using brain STAGE data acquired from 10 healthy controls (HCs) and 10 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). For the PSD and R2* maps, the SNR and CNR between white matter and gray matter were improved by a factor of 1.87 ± 0.50 and 1.72 ± 0.88, respectively. The white matter hyperintensity lesions in PD patients were more clearly defined after CROWN processing. Using these improved maps, simulated images for any repeat time, echo time or flip angle can be created with improved SNR. The potential applications of this technology are to trade off the increased SNR for higher resolution images and/or faster imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mark Haacke
- SpinTech MRI, Bingham Farms, MI 48025, United States of America; Wayne State University, Department of Neurology, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America; Wayne State University, Department of Radiology, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America; Zhuyan Limited, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- SpinTech MRI, Bingham Farms, MI 48025, United States of America
| | - Paul Kokeny
- SpinTech MRI, Bingham Farms, MI 48025, United States of America
| | - Sara Gharabaghi
- SpinTech MRI, Bingham Farms, MI 48025, United States of America
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Wayne State University, Department of Neurology, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Bo Wu
- Zhuyan Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Radiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Naying He
- Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Radiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Radiology, Shanghai, China
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Hsu CCT, Sethi SK, Haacke EM. The Current State of Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in Head Trauma. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2023; 33:343-356. [PMID: 36965951 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a MR imaging technique suited to detect structural and microstructural abnormalities in traumatic brain injury (TBI). This review article provide an insight in to the physics principles of SWI and its clinical application in unraveling the complex interaction of the biophysical mechanisms of head injury. Literature evidences support SWI as the most ideal sequence in detection of microbleeds, which is the "tip of the iceberg" biomarker of microvascular injuries. The review also detailed the emerging advance techniques of Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and artificial intelligence offer the ability to detect and follow the evolution of microbleeds in patient with chronic TBI. These new techniques offers a unique insight into the acute and chronic state of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Chia-Tsong Hsu
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Gold Coast University Hospital, Australia; Division of Neuroradiology, Lumus Imaging, Varsity Lakes Day Hospital, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | - Sean K Sethi
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
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Hu R, Gao B, Tian S, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Li W, Li Y, Song Q, Wang W, Miao Y. Regional high iron deposition on quantitative susceptibility mapping correlates with cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1061156. [PMID: 36793541 PMCID: PMC9922715 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1061156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To quantitatively evaluate the iron deposition and volume changes in deep gray nuclei according to threshold-method of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) acquired by strategically acquired gradient echo (STAGE) sequence, and to analyze the correlation between the magnetic susceptibility values (MSV) and cognitive scores in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods Twenty-nine patients with T2DM and 24 healthy controls (HC) matched by age and gender were recruited in this prospective study. QSM images were used to evaluate whole-structural volumes (Vwh), regional magnetic susceptibility values (MSVRII), and volumes (VRII) in high-iron regions in nine gray nuclei. All QSM data were compared between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the discriminating ability between groups. The predictive model from single and combined QSM parameters was also established using logistic regression analysis. The correlation between MSVRII and cognitive scores was further analyzed. Multiple comparisons of all statistical values were corrected by false discovery rate (FDR). A statistically significant P-value was set at 0.05. Results Compared with HC group, the MSVRII of all gray matter nuclei in T2DM were increased by 5.1-14.8%, with significant differences found in bilateral head of caudate nucleus (HCN), right putamen (PUT), right globus pallidus (GP), and left dentate nucleus (DN) (P < 0.05). The Vwh of most gray nucleus in T2DM group were decreased by 1.5-16.9% except bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN). Significant differences were found in bilateral HCN, bilateral red nucleus (RN), and bilateral substantia nigra (SN) (P < 0.05). VRII was increased in bilateral GP, bilateral PUT (P < 0.05). VRII/Vwh was also increased in bilateral GP, bilateral PUT, bilateral SN, left HCN and right STN (P < 0.05). Compared with the single QSM parameter, the combined parameter showed the largest area under curve (AUC) of 0.86, with a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 75.9%. The MSVRII in the right GP was strongly associated with List A Long-delay free recall (List A LDFR) scores (r = -0.590, P = 0.009). Conclusion In T2DM patients, excessive and heterogeneous iron deposition as well as volume loss occurs in deep gray nuclei. The MSV in high iron regions can better evaluate the distribution of iron, which is related to the decline of cognitive function.
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Sun C, Ghassaban K, Song J, Chen Y, Zhang C, Qu F, Zhu J, Wang G, Haacke EM. Quantifying calcium changes in the fetal spine using quantitative susceptibility mapping as extracted from STAGE imaging. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:606-614. [PMID: 36044065 PMCID: PMC10662431 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate calcium deposition in the fetal spine in vivo during the second and third trimesters using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). METHODS Fifty-four pregnant women in their second and third trimesters underwent a 2D multi-echo STrategically Acquired Gradient Echo (STAGE) MR imaging protocol at 3T covering the fetal spine. The first echo data was used for QSM processing. A linear regression model was used to assess the correlation between magnetic susceptibility and gestational age (GA). A paired sample t-test was used to compare the consistency of QSM measurements from each sequence. RESULTS The magnetic susceptibility of the fetal spine decreased linearly with advancing GA, with a slope of -52.3 parts per billion (ppb)/week and a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of 0.83 (p < 0.001). In 37 subjects for whom the STAGE local QSM data were available from both flip angles, the average magnetic susceptibility values were -1111 ± 278 ppb and -1081 ± 262 ppb for FA = 8° and FA = 40°, respectively. These means were not statistically different according to a paired sample t-test (p = 0.156). CONCLUSIONS QSM is a reliable technique for evaluating calcium deposition and bone mineral density of fetal vertebrae. Our results demonstrate an increase in fetal calcium levels as a function of GA. These measures might be able to provide reference values for calcium content in the fetal spine during the second and third trimesters. KEY POINTS • Calcium deposition and mineralization in the fetal spine, evaluated by vertebral magnetic susceptibility, increased with advancing gestational age. • Our results provide reference values for calcium content in the fetal spine during the second and third trimesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kiarash Ghassaban
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- SpinTech MRI Inc., Bingham Farms, MI, USA
| | - Jiaguang Song
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yufan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feifei Qu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxia Zhu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Guangbin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- SpinTech MRI Inc., Bingham Farms, MI, USA.
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Ni MH, Li ZY, Sun Q, Yu Y, Yang Y, Hu B, Ma T, Xie H, Li SN, Tao LQ, Yuan DX, Zhu JL, Yan LF, Cui GB. Neurovascular decoupling measured with quantitative susceptibility mapping is associated with cognitive decline in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5336-5346. [PMID: 36310091 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Disturbance of neurovascular coupling (NVC) is suggested to be one potential mechanism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, NVC evidence derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging ignores the relationship of neuronal activity with vascular injury. Twenty-seven T2DM patients without MCI and thirty healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. Brain regions with changed susceptibility detected by quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) were used as seeds for functional connectivity (FC) analysis. NVC coefficients were estimated using combined degree centrality (DC) with susceptibility or cerebral blood flow (CBF). Partial correlations between neuroimaging indicators and cognitive decline were investigated. In T2DM group, higher susceptibility values in right hippocampal gyrus (R.PHG) were found and were negatively correlated with Naming Ability of Montreal Cognitive Assessment. FC increased remarkably between R.PHG and right middle temporal gyrus (R.MTG), right calcarine gyrus (R.CAL). Both NVC coefficients (DC-QSM and DC-CBF) reduced in R.PHG and increased in R.MTG and R.CAL. Both NVC coefficients in R.PHG and R.MTG increased with the improvement of cognitive ability, especially for executive function. These demonstrated that QSM and DC-QSM coefficients can be promising biomarkers for early evaluation of cognitive decline in T2DM patients and help to better understand the mechanism of NVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hua Ni
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , 1 Middle Section of Shiji Road, Xian yang, Shaanxi 712046 , China
| | - Ze-Yang Li
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Si-Ning Li
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Xi’an Medical University , 1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710016 , China
| | - Lan-Qiu Tao
- Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University , 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032 , China
| | - Ding-Xin Yuan
- Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University , 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032 , China
| | - Jun-Ling Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Lin-Feng Yan
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
| | - Guang-Bin Cui
- Department of Radiology and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi , China
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Sethi SK, Sharma S, Gharabaghi S, Reese D, Chen Y, Adams P, Jog MS, Haacke EM. Quantifying Brain Iron in Hereditary Hemochromatosis Using R2* and Susceptibility Mapping. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:991-997. [PMID: 35798390 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Brain iron dyshomeostasis is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to neurodegeneration. Hereditary hemochromatosis is the most commonly inherited disorder of systemic iron overload. Although there is an increasing interest in excessive brain iron deposition, there is a paucity of evidence showing changes in brain iron exceeding that in healthy controls. Quantitative susceptibility mapping and R2* mapping are established MR imaging techniques that we used to noninvasively quantify brain iron in subjects with hereditary hemochromatosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-two patients with hereditary hemochromatosis and 47 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were imaged using a multiecho gradient-echo sequence at 3T. Quantitative susceptibility mapping and R2* data were generated, and regions within the deep gray matter were manually segmented. Mean susceptibility and R2* relaxation rates were calculated for each region, and iron content was compared between the groups. RESULTS We noted elevated iron levels in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis compared with healthy controls using both R2* and QSM methods in the caudate nucleus, putamen, pulvinar thalamus, red nucleus, and dentate nucleus. Additionally, the substantia nigra showed increased susceptibility while the thalamus showed an increased R2* relaxation rate compared with healthy controls, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both quantitative susceptibility mapping and R2* showed abnormal levels of brain iron in subjects with hereditary hemochromatosis compared with controls. Quantitative susceptibility mapping and R2* can be acquired in a single MR imaging sequence and are complementary in quantifying deep gray matter iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sethi
- From the Department of Radiology (S.K.S., E.M.H.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan .,SpinTech MRI Inc (S.K.S., S.G., E.M.H.), Bingham Farms, Michigan
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.S., M.S.J.), London Health Sciences Centre
| | - S Gharabaghi
- SpinTech MRI Inc (S.K.S., S.G., E.M.H.), Bingham Farms, Michigan
| | - D Reese
- Imaging Research Laboratories (D.R.), Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Neurology (Y.C.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - P Adams
- Division of Gastroenterology (P.A.), Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M S Jog
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.S., M.S.J.), London Health Sciences Centre
| | - E M Haacke
- From the Department of Radiology (S.K.S., E.M.H.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,SpinTech MRI Inc (S.K.S., S.G., E.M.H.), Bingham Farms, Michigan
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Cao T, Ma S, Wang N, Gharabaghi S, Xie Y, Fan Z, Hogg E, Wu C, Han F, Tagliati M, Haacke EM, Christodoulou AG, Li D. Three-dimensional simultaneous brain mapping of T1, T2, T2∗ and magnetic susceptibility with MR Multitasking. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:1375-1389. [PMID: 34708438 PMCID: PMC8776611 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a new technique that enables simultaneous quantification of whole-brain T1 , T2 , T 2 ∗ , as well as susceptibility and synthesis of six contrast-weighted images in a single 9.1-minute scan. METHODS The technique uses hybrid T2 -prepared inversion-recovery pulse modules and multi-echo gradient-echo readouts to collect k-space data with various T1, T2, and T 2 ∗ weightings. The underlying image is represented as a six-dimensional low-rank tensor consisting of three spatial dimensions and three temporal dimensions corresponding to T1 recovery, T2 decay, and multi-echo behaviors, respectively. Multiparametric maps were fitted from reconstructed image series. The proposed method was validated on phantoms and healthy volunteers, by comparing quantitative measurements against corresponding reference methods. The feasibility of generating six contrast-weighted images was also examined. RESULTS High quality, co-registered T1 , T2 , and T 2 ∗ susceptibility maps were generated that closely resembled the reference maps. Phantom measurements showed substantial consistency (R2 > 0.98) with the reference measurements. Despite the significant differences of T1 (p < .001), T2 (p = .002), and T 2 ∗ (p = 0.008) between our method and the references for in vivo studies, excellent agreement was achieved with all intraclass correlation coefficients greater than 0.75. No significant difference was found for susceptibility (p = .900). The framework is also capable of synthesizing six contrast-weighted images. CONCLUSION The MR Multitasking-based 3D brain mapping of T1 , T2 , T 2 ∗ , and susceptibility agrees well with the reference and is a promising technique for multicontrast and quantitative imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Cao
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sen Ma
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sara Gharabaghi
- Magnetic Resonance Innovations, Inc., Bingham Farms, MI, USA
| | - Yibin Xie
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elliot Hogg
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chaowei Wu
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fei Han
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michele Tagliati
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - E. Mark Haacke
- Magnetic Resonance Innovations, Inc., Bingham Farms, MI, USA
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Bingham Farms, MI, USA
| | - Anthony G. Christodoulou
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Debiao Li
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Vascular Mapping of the Human Hippocampus Using Ferumoxytol-Enhanced MRI. Neuroimage 2022; 250:118957. [PMID: 35122968 PMCID: PMC9484293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a small but complex grey matter structure that plays an important role in spatial and episodic memory and can be affected by a wide range of pathologies including vascular abnormalities. In this work, we introduce the use of Ferumoxytol, an ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) agent, to induce susceptibility in the arteries (as well as increase the susceptibility in the veins) to map the hippocampal micro-vasculature and to evaluate the quantitative change in tissue fractional vascular density (FVD), in each of its subfields. A total of 39 healthy subjects (aged 35.4 ± 14.2 years, from 18 to 81 years old) were scanned with a high-resolution (0.22×0.44×1 mm3) dual-echo SWI sequence acquired at four time points during a gradual increase in Ferumoxytol dose (final dose = 4 mg/kg). The volumes of each subfield were obtained automatically from the pre-contrast T1 -weighted data. The dynamically acquired SWI data were co-registered and adaptively combined to reduce the blooming artifacts from large vessels, preserving the contrast from smaller vessels. The resultant SWI data were used to segment the hippocampal vasculature and to measure the FVD ((volume occupied by vessels)/(total volume)) for each subfield. The hippocampal fissure, along with the fimbria, granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus and cornu ammonis layers (except for CA1), showed higher micro-vascular FVD than the other parts of hippocampus. The CA1 region exhibited a significant correlation with age (R = −0.37, p < 0.05). demonstrating an overall loss of hippocampal vascularity in the normal aging process. Moreover, the vascular density reduction was more prominent than the age correlation with the volume reduction (R = −0.1, p > 0.05) of the CA1 subfield, which would suggest that vascular degeneration may precede tissue atrophy.
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Haacke EM, Bernitsas E, Subramanian K, Utriainen D, Palutla VK, Yerramsetty K, Kumar P, Sethi SK, Chen Y, Latif Z, Jella P, Gharabaghi S, Wang Y, Zhang X, Comley RA, Beaver J, Luo Y. A Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods to Assess Multiple Sclerosis Lesions: Implications for Patient Characterization and Clinical Trial Design. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 12:diagnostics12010077. [PMID: 35054244 PMCID: PMC8775217 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive imaging modality for identifying inflammatory and/or demyelinating lesions, which is critical for a clinical diagnosis of MS and evaluating drug responses. There are many unique means of probing brain tissue status, including conventional T1 and T2 weighted imaging (T1WI, T2WI), T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), magnetization transfer, myelin water fraction, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), phase-sensitive inversion recovery and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), but no study has combined all of these modalities into a single well-controlled investigation. The goals of this study were to: compare different MRI measures for lesion visualization and quantification; evaluate the repeatability of various imaging methods in healthy controls; compare quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) with myelin water fraction; measure short-term longitudinal changes in the white matter of MS patients and map out the tissue properties of the white matter hyperintensities using STAGE (strategically acquired gradient echo imaging). Additionally, the outcomes of this study were anticipated to aid in the choice of an efficient imaging protocol reducing redundancy of information and alleviating patient burden. Of all the sequences used, T2 FLAIR and T2WI showed the most lesions. To differentiate the putative demyelinating lesions from inflammatory lesions, the fusion of SWI and T2 FLAIR was used. Our study suggests that a practical and efficient imaging protocol combining T2 FLAIR, T1WI and STAGE (with SWI and QSM) can be used to rapidly image MS patients to both find lesions and study the demyelinating and inflammatory characteristics of the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewart Mark Haacke
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Bingham Farms, MI 48025, USA; (D.U.); (S.K.S.)
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.S.); (Z.L.); (P.J.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (E.B.); (Y.C.)
- SpinTech Inc., Bingham Farms, MI 48025, USA
- MR Innovations Inc., Bingham Farms, MI 48025, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Evanthia Bernitsas
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (E.B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Karthik Subramanian
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.S.); (Z.L.); (P.J.); (Y.W.)
| | - David Utriainen
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Bingham Farms, MI 48025, USA; (D.U.); (S.K.S.)
- SpinTech Inc., Bingham Farms, MI 48025, USA
| | - Vinay Kumar Palutla
- MR Medical Imaging Innovations India Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad 500081, India; (V.K.P.); (K.Y.); (P.K.)
| | - Kiran Yerramsetty
- MR Medical Imaging Innovations India Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad 500081, India; (V.K.P.); (K.Y.); (P.K.)
| | - Prashanth Kumar
- MR Medical Imaging Innovations India Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad 500081, India; (V.K.P.); (K.Y.); (P.K.)
| | - Sean K. Sethi
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Bingham Farms, MI 48025, USA; (D.U.); (S.K.S.)
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.S.); (Z.L.); (P.J.); (Y.W.)
- SpinTech Inc., Bingham Farms, MI 48025, USA
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (E.B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zahid Latif
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.S.); (Z.L.); (P.J.); (Y.W.)
| | - Pavan Jella
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.S.); (Z.L.); (P.J.); (Y.W.)
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.S.); (Z.L.); (P.J.); (Y.W.)
- MR Innovations Inc., Bingham Farms, MI 48025, USA;
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (X.Z.); (R.A.C.); (J.B.); (Y.L.)
| | - Robert A. Comley
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (X.Z.); (R.A.C.); (J.B.); (Y.L.)
| | - John Beaver
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (X.Z.); (R.A.C.); (J.B.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanping Luo
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (X.Z.); (R.A.C.); (J.B.); (Y.L.)
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