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Mou R, Ma J, Ju X, Wu Y, Chen Q, Li J, Shang T, Chen S, Yang Y, Li Y, Lv K, Chen X, Zhang Q, Liang T, Feng Y, Lu X. Vasopressin drives aberrant myeloid differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, contributing to depression in mice. Cell Stem Cell 2024:S1934-5909(24)00358-8. [PMID: 39442524 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Psychological stress is often linked to depression and can also impact the immune system, illustrating the interconnectedness of mental health and immune function. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can directly sense neuroendocrine signals in bone marrow and play a fundamental role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. However, it is unclear how psychological stress impacts HSCs in depression. Here, we report that neuroendocrine factor arginine vasopressin (AVP) promotes myeloid-biased HSC differentiation by activating neutrophils. AVP administration increases neutrophil and Ly6Chi monocyte production by triggering HSCs that rely on intrinsic S100A9 in mice. When stimulated with AVP, neutrophils return to the bone marrow and release interleukin 36G (IL-36G), which interacts with interleukin 1 receptor-like 2 (IL-1RL2) on HSCs to produce neutrophils with high Elane expression that infiltrate the brain and induce neuroinflammation. Together, these findings define HSCs as a relay between psychological stress and myelopoiesis and identify the IL-36G-IL-1RL2 axis as a potential target for depression therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Mou
- Department of Physiology and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junkai Ma
- Department of Physiology and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuan Ju
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixin Wu
- Department of Physiology and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuli Chen
- Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinglin Li
- Department of Physiology and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tongyao Shang
- Department of Physiology and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siying Chen
- Department of Physiology and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Physiology and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaosheng Lv
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of BioMedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410028, Hunan, China
| | - Xuequn Chen
- Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinjiang Lu
- Department of Physiology and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Signal B, Phipps AJ, Giles KA, Huskins SN, Mercer TR, Robinson MD, Woodhouse A, Taberlay PC. Ageing-Related Changes to H3K4me3, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3 in Purified Mouse Neurons. Cells 2024; 13:1393. [PMID: 39195281 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons are central to lifelong learning and memory, but ageing disrupts their morphology and function, leading to cognitive decline. Although epigenetic mechanisms are known to play crucial roles in learning and memory, neuron-specific genome-wide epigenetic maps into old age remain scarce, often being limited to whole-brain homogenates and confounded by glial cells. Here, we mapped H3K4me3, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3 in mouse neurons across their lifespan. This revealed stable H3K4me3 and global losses of H3K27ac and H3K27me3 into old age. We observed patterns of synaptic function gene deactivation, regulated through the loss of the active mark H3K27ac, but not H3K4me3. Alongside this, embryonic development loci lost repressive H3K27me3 in old age. This suggests a loss of a highly refined neuronal cellular identity linked to global chromatin reconfiguration. Collectively, these findings indicate a key role for epigenetic regulation in neurons that is inextricably linked with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Signal
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Andrew J Phipps
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Katherine A Giles
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Shannon N Huskins
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Timothy R Mercer
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Corner College and Cooper Roads, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mark D Robinson
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adele Woodhouse
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Phillippa C Taberlay
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
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Pradeepkiran JA, Baig J, Seman A, Reddy PH. Mitochondria in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Mitophagy. Neuroscientist 2024; 30:440-457. [PMID: 36597577 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221139761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β and phosphorylated τ protein aggregates in the brain, which leads to the loss of neurons. Under the microscope, the function of mitochondria is uniquely primed to play a pivotal role in neuronal cell survival, energy metabolism, and cell death. Research studies indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive oxidative damage, and defective mitophagy in neurons are early indicators of AD. This review article summarizes the latest development of mitochondria in AD: 1) disease mechanism pathways, 2) the importance of mitochondria in neuronal functions, 3) metabolic pathways and functions, 4) the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy mechanisms in AD, and 5) the development of potential mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics and interventions to treat patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javaria Baig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ashley Seman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Asghar H, Siddiqui A, Batool L, Batool Z, Ahmed T. Post-exposure self-recovery reverses oxidative stress, ameliorates pathology and neurotransmitters imbalance and rescues spatial memory after time-dependent aluminum exposure in rat brain. Biometals 2024; 37:819-838. [PMID: 38233603 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum is a potent neurotoxin, responsible for memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction. The neurotoxic effect of aluminum on cognitive impairment is well documented, however, exposure to aluminum in a time-dependent manner and post-exposure self-recovery still needs to be elaborated. This research aimed to (1) study the time-dependent effect of aluminum exposure by administering a total dose of 5850 mg/kg of Al over two different time periods: 30 and 45 days (130 and 195 mg/kg of AlCl3 respectively), and (2) study 20 days post-exposure self-recovery effect in both aluminum-exposed groups by giving distilled water. Cognitive abilities were investigated through Morris water maze test and hole board test and compared in both exposure and recovery groups. Oxidative stress markers and neurotransmitter levels were measured for both exposure and recovery groups. To understand the mechanism of aluminum exposure and recovery, immunohistochemical analysis of synaptophysin (Syp) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was performed. Results showed cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress-induced damage, reduced neurotransmitter levels, decreased immunoreactivity of Syp, and increased GFAP. However, these parameters showed a larger improvement in the recovery group where rats were given aluminum for 30 days period in comparison to recovery group followed by 45 days of aluminum exposure. These results suggest that restoration of cognitive ability is affected by the duration of aluminum exposure. The study findings provide us with insight into the adverse effects of aluminum exposure and can be utilized to guide future preventive and therapeutic strategies against aluminum neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Asghar
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Alveena Siddiqui
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Laraib Batool
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Batool
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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5
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Abdel-Halim NHM, Eid EA, Yehya YM, Taha M, Mosa AAH, Ammar O, Nasr ANA, Hussin E, Hussein AM. Effect of New Antidiabetics on Steatosis in Nerve Tissues and Nerve Conduction Velocity: Possible Role of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)/Synaptophysin and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways. Cureus 2024; 16:e65726. [PMID: 39211670 PMCID: PMC11358857 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study aims to investigate the impact of the GLP1 analog (semaglutide) and SGLT2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin) on nerve functions, morphology, and the underlying mechanisms involving nerve growth factor (NGF)/synaptophysin and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways in obese rats. METHODS Forty male Sprague Dawley rats, aged six to eight weeks, were classified into five groups; normal group (high-fat diet {HFD} for 12 weeks, metformin group (HFD for 12 weeks + metformin in last four weeks), dapagliflozin group (HFD for 12 weeks +dapagliflozin in last four weeks, semaglutide group (HFD for 12 weeks + semaglutide in last four weeks). At the end of the experiment, the sciatic nerve was collected for nerve conduction study, oxidative stress marker (malondialdehyde, i.e., MDA), real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) study (for HO-1 and Nrf2), oil red O staining, electron microscopic examination and immunohistochemistry for NGF and synaptophysin. RESULTS The HFD group showed a significant rise in blood glucose, serum lipids, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index, lipid deposition in nerve tissues, and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in nerve tissues with significant attenuation in nerve conduction velocity (NCV), the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 genes and significant attenuation in area stained with NGF and synaptophysin. On the other hand, pretreatment with either dapagliflozin or semaglutide led to considerable enhancement in the deteriorated serum and nerve tissue parameters and reversed the pathological changes. CONCLUSION New antidiabetic drugs like SGLT2 inhibitors (more powerful) and GLP1 analog might have neuroprotective beneficial effects besides controlling the glycemic state in obese rats. This effect may result from reduced oxidative stress and increased Nrf2 levels, HO-1, synaptophysin, and NGF in the nerve tissues of obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal H M Abdel-Halim
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Elsayed A Eid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, EGY
| | - Yomna M Yehya
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Medhat Taha
- Department of Anatomy, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudhah, SAU
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Ahmed A H Mosa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, EGY
| | - Omar Ammar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, EGY
| | - Ahmed N A Nasr
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Emadeldeen Hussin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Abdelaziz M Hussein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
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Lee HHC, Latzer IT, Bertoldi M, Gao G, Pearl PL, Sahin M, Rotenberg A. Gene replacement therapies for inherited disorders of neurotransmission: Current progress in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:476-493. [PMID: 38581234 PMCID: PMC11096052 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Neurodevelopment is a highly organized and complex process involving lasting and often irreversible changes in the central nervous system. Inherited disorders of neurotransmission (IDNT) are a group of genetic disorders where neurotransmission is primarily affected, resulting in abnormal brain development from early life, manifest as neurodevelopmental disorders and other chronic conditions. In principle, IDNT (particularly those of monogenic causes) are amenable to gene replacement therapy via precise genetic correction. However, practical challenges for gene replacement therapy remain major hurdles for its translation from bench to bedside. We discuss key considerations for the development of gene replacement therapies for IDNT. As an example, we describe our ongoing work on gene replacement therapy for succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, a GABA catabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry HC Lee
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Itay Tokatly Latzer
- Division of Epilepsy & Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Tel-Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Mariarita Bertoldi
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Guangping Gao
- The Horae Gene Therapy Center, UMass Medical School, MA 01605, USA
| | - Phillip L Pearl
- Division of Epilepsy & Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Epilepsy & Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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7
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Amini A, Esmaeili F, Golpich M. Possible role of lncRNAs in amelioration of Parkinson's disease symptoms by transplantation of dopaminergic cells. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:56. [PMID: 38472261 PMCID: PMC10933336 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Since dopaminergic cell transplantation is a clinical method to treat PD, this study investigated the effects of dopaminergic cell therapy on the expression of some lncRNAs and genes related to PD. In this study, Twenty-eight rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups. The control group (Sal group) received saline injections. The Par group was a PD rat model with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection in right striatum (ST). PD animals were transplanted by undifferentiated P19 stem cells (Par-E group), and P19-derived dopaminergic cells (Par-N group). Cell transplant effects were evaluated using behavioral tests (cylinder, open field, and rotarod tests), and histological methods (H&E and Nissl staining, and immunohistochemistry). Moreover, the expression of lncRNAs MALAT1, MEG3, and SNHG1, alongside specific neuronal (synaptophysin) and dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase) markers was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Behavioral and histopathological examinations revealed that cell transplantation partially compensated dopaminergic cell degeneration in ST and substantia nigra (SN) of PD rats. The expression of MALAT1, SNHG1, and MEG3 was decreased in the ST of the Par group, while MEG3 and SNHG1 gene expression was increased in PBMC relative to the Sal group. In PBMC of the Par-N group, all three lncRNAs showed a reduction in their expression. Conversely, MALAT1 and SNHG1 expression was increased in ST tissue, while MEG3 gene expression was decreased compared to the Sal group. In conclusion, dopaminergic cell transplantation could change the lncRNAs expression. Furthermore, it partially improves symptoms in PD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amini
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - F Esmaeili
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - M Golpich
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Bera M, Radhakrishnan A, Coleman J, K. Sundaram RV, Ramakrishnan S, Pincet F, Rothman JE. Synaptophysin chaperones the assembly of 12 SNAREpins under each ready-release vesicle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311484120. [PMID: 37903271 PMCID: PMC10636311 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311484120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The synaptic vesicle protein Synaptophysin (Syp) has long been known to form a complex with the Vesicle associated soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein attachment receptor (v-SNARE) Vesicle associated membrane protein (VAMP), but a more specific molecular function or mechanism of action in exocytosis has been lacking because gene knockouts have minimal effects. Utilizing fully defined reconstitution and single-molecule measurements, we now report that Syp functions as a chaperone that determines the number of SNAREpins assembling between a ready-release vesicle and its target membrane bilayer. Specifically, Syp directs the assembly of 12 ± 1 SNAREpins under each docked vesicle, even in the face of an excess of SNARE proteins. The SNAREpins assemble in successive waves of 6 ± 1 and 5 ± 2 SNAREpins, respectively, tightly linked to oligomerization of and binding to the vesicle Ca++ sensor Synaptotagmin. Templating of 12 SNAREpins by Syp is likely the direct result of its hexamer structure and its binding of VAMP2 dimers, both of which we demonstrate in detergent extracts and lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manindra Bera
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Abhijith Radhakrishnan
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Jeff Coleman
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - R. Venkat K. Sundaram
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Sathish Ramakrishnan
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Frederic Pincet
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris Cité, 75005Paris, France
| | - James E. Rothman
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
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Valenza M, Birolini G, Cattaneo E. The translational potential of cholesterol-based therapies for neurological disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:583-598. [PMID: 37644213 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important metabolite and membrane component and is enriched in the brain owing to its role in neuronal maturation and function. In the adult brain, cholesterol is produced locally, predominantly by astrocytes. When cholesterol has been used, recycled and catabolized, the derivatives are excreted across the blood-brain barrier. Abnormalities in any of these steps can lead to neurological dysfunction. Here, we examine how precise interactions between cholesterol production and its use and catabolism in neurons ensures cholesterol homeostasis to support brain function. As an example of a neurological disease associated with cholesterol dyshomeostasis, we summarize evidence from animal models of Huntington disease (HD), which demonstrate a marked reduction in cholesterol biosynthesis with clinically relevant consequences for synaptic activity and cognition. In addition, we examine the relationship between cholesterol loss in the brain and cognitive decline in ageing. We then present emerging therapeutic strategies to restore cholesterol homeostasis, focusing on evidence from HD mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Birolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy.
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10
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Rothman JE, Grushin K, Bera M, Pincet F. Turbocharging synaptic transmission. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2233-2249. [PMID: 37643878 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from biochemistry, genetics, and electron microscopy strongly supports the idea that a ring of Synaptotagmin is central to the clamping and release of synaptic vesicles (SVs) for synchronous neurotransmission. Recent direct measurements in cell-free systems suggest there are 12 SNAREpins in each ready-release vesicle, consisting of six peripheral and six central SNAREpins. The six central SNAREpins are directly bound to the Synaptotagmin ring, are directly released by Ca++ , and they initially open the fusion pore. The six peripheral SNAREpins are indirectly bound to the ring, each linked to a central SNAREpin by a bridging molecule of Complexin. We suggest that the primary role of peripheral SNAREpins is to provide additional force to 'turbocharge' neurotransmitter release, explaining how it can occur much faster than other forms of membrane fusion. The SV protein Synaptophysin forms hexamers that bear two copies of the v-SNARE VAMP at each vertex, one likely assembling into a peripheral SNAREpin and the other into a central SNAREpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Rothman
- Nanobiology Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kirill Grushin
- Nanobiology Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Manindra Bera
- Nanobiology Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Frederic Pincet
- Nanobiology Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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11
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Meneses-San Juan D, Lamas M, Ramírez-Rodríguez GB. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Reduces Depressive-like Behaviors, Modifies Dendritic Plasticity, and Generates Global Epigenetic Changes in the Frontal Cortex and Hippocampus in a Rodent Model of Chronic Stress. Cells 2023; 12:2062. [PMID: 37626872 PMCID: PMC10453847 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is the most common affective disorder worldwide, accounting for 4.4% of the global population, a figure that could increase in the coming decades. In depression, there exists a reduction in the availability of dendritic spines in the frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus (Hp). In addition, histone modification and DNA methylation are also dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms in depression. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a technique that is used to treat depression. However, the epigenetic mechanisms of its therapeutic effect are still not known. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the antidepressant effect of 5 Hz rTMS and examined its effect on dendritic remodeling, immunoreactivity of synapse proteins, histone modification, and DNA methylation in the FC and Hp in a model of chronic mild stress. Our data indicated that stress generated depressive-like behaviors and that rTMS reverses this effect, romotes the formation of dendritic spines, and favors the presynaptic connection in the FC and DG (dentate gyrus), in addition to increasing histone H3 trimethylation and DNA methylation. These results suggest that the antidepressant effect of rTMS is associated with dendritic remodeling, which is probably regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. These data are a first approximation of the impact of rTMS at the epigenetic level in the context of depression. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze in future studies as to which genes are regulated by these mechanisms, and how they are associated with the neuroplastic modifications promoted by rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Meneses-San Juan
- National Institute of Psychiatry “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
- Center of Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Mónica Lamas
- Center of Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
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12
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Bera M, Radhakrishnan A, Coleman J, Sundaram RVK, Ramakrishnan S, Pincet F, Rothman JE. Synaptophysin Chaperones the Assembly of 12 SNAREpins under each Ready-Release Vesicle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.05.547834. [PMID: 37461465 PMCID: PMC10349951 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.05.547834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The synaptic vesicle protein Synaptophysin has long been known to form a complex with the v-SNARE VAMP, but a more specific molecular function or mechanism of action in exocytosis has been lacking because gene knockouts have minimal effects. Utilizing fully-defined reconstitution and single-molecule measurements, we now report that Synaptophysin functions as a chaperone that determines the number of SNAREpins assembling between a ready-release vesicle and its target membrane bilayer. Specifically, Synaptophysin directs the assembly of 12 ± 1 SNAREpins under each docked vesicle, even in the face of an excess of SNARE proteins. The SNAREpins assemble in successive waves of 6 ± 1 and 5 ± 2 SNAREpins, respectively, tightly linked to oligomerization of and binding to the vesicle Ca++ sensor Synaptotagmin. Templating of 12 SNAREpins by Synaptophysin is likely the direct result of its hexamer structure and its binding of VAMP2 dimers, both of which we demonstrate in detergent extracts and lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manindra Bera
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Abhijith Radhakrishnan
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jeff Coleman
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ramalingam Venkat Kalyana Sundaram
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sathish Ramakrishnan
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Frederic Pincet
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - James E. Rothman
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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13
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Shared genetic architecture between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and lifespan. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:981-990. [PMID: 36906694 PMCID: PMC10209393 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence linking ADHD to a reduced life expectancy. The mortality rate in individuals with ADHD is twice that of the general population and it is associated with several factors, such as unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, social adversity, and mental health problems that may in turn increase mortality rates. Since ADHD and lifespan are heritable, we used data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of ADHD and parental lifespan, as proxy of individual lifespan, to estimate their genetic correlation, identify genetic loci jointly associated with both phenotypes and assess causality. We confirmed a negative genetic correlation between ADHD and parental lifespan (rg = -0.36, P = 1.41e-16). Nineteen independent loci were jointly associated with both ADHD and parental lifespan, with most of the alleles that increased the risk for ADHD being associated with shorter lifespan. Fifteen loci were novel for ADHD and two were already present in the original GWAS on parental lifespan. Mendelian randomization analyses pointed towards a negative causal effect of ADHD liability on lifespan (P = 1.54e-06; Beta = -0.07), although these results were not confirmed by all sensitivity analyses performed, and further evidence is required. The present study provides the first evidence of a common genetic background between ADHD and lifespan, which may play a role in the reported effect of ADHD on premature mortality risk. These results are consistent with previous epidemiological data describing reduced lifespan in mental disorders and support that ADHD is an important health condition that could negatively affect future life outcomes.
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14
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Lysenkov SP, Muzhenya DV, Tuguz AR, Urakova TU, Shumilov DS, Thakushinov IA, Thakushinov RA, Tatarkova EA, Urakova DM. Cholinergic deficiency in the cholinergic system as a pathogenetic link in the formation of various syndromes in COVID-19. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:1-13. [PMID: 36814151 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-22-00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
According to recent data, several mechanisms of viral invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) have been proposed, one of which is both direct penetration of the virus through afferent nerve fibers and damage to the endothelium of cerebral vessels. It has been proven that the SARS-CoV-2 virus affects pathologically not only the human cardiorespiratory system but is also associated with a wide range of neurological diseases, cerebrovascular accidents, and neuromuscular pathologies. However, the observed post-COVID symptom complex in patients, manifested in the form of headache, "fog in the head," high temperature, muscle weakness, lowering blood pressure, does it make us think about the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the development of this clinical picture? One possible explanation is a disruption in the signaling of the acetylcholine system (AChS) in the body. Viral invasions, and in particular COVID-19, can negatively affect the work of the AChS, disrupting its coordination activities. Therefore, the main goal of this literature review is to analyze the information and substantiate the possible mechanisms for the occurrence of post-COVID syndrome in people who have had COVID-19 from the standpoint of AChS dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Petrovich Lysenkov
- FSBEI HE "Maikop State Technological University", Medical Institute, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
| | | | - Aminat Ramazanovna Tuguz
- FSBEI HE "Adyghe State University", Immunogenetic Laboratory of the Research Institute of Complex Problems, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
| | - Tamara Ur'evna Urakova
- FSBEI HE "Maikop State Technological University", Medical Institute, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Sergeevich Shumilov
- FSBEI HE "Adyghe State University", Immunogenetic Laboratory of the Research Institute of Complex Problems, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
| | | | | | - Elena Anatolevna Tatarkova
- FSBEI HE "Adyghe State University", Immunogenetic Laboratory of the Research Institute of Complex Problems, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
| | - Diana Muratovna Urakova
- FSBEI HE "Maikop State Technological University", Medical Institute, Maikop, Republic of Adygeya, Russia
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15
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Squizani S, Jantsch J, Rodrigues FDS, Braga MF, Eller S, de Oliveira TF, Silveira AK, Moreira JCF, Giovenardi M, Porawski M, Guedes RP. Zinc Supplementation Partially Decreases the Harmful Effects of a Cafeteria Diet in Rats but Does Not Prevent Intestinal Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:3921. [PMID: 36235574 PMCID: PMC9571896 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis and may modulate neurological impairment related to obesity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Zn supplementation on the intestinal microbiota, fatty acid profile, and neurofunctional parameters in obese male Wistar rats. Rats were fed a cafeteria diet (CAF), composed of ultra-processed and highly caloric and palatable foods, for 20 weeks to induce obesity. From week 16, Zn supplementation was started (10 mg/kg/day). At the end of the experiment, we evaluated the colon morphology, composition of gut microbiota, intestinal fatty acids, integrity of the intestinal barrier and blood-brain barrier (BBB), and neuroplasticity markers in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Obese rats showed dysbiosis, morphological changes, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) reduction, and increased saturated fatty acids in the colon. BBB may also be compromised in CAF-fed animals, as claudin-5 expression is reduced in the cerebral cortex. In addition, synaptophysin was decreased in the hippocampus, which may affect synaptic function. Our findings showed that Zn could not protect obese animals from intestinal dysbiosis. However, an increase in acetate levels was observed, which suggests a partial beneficial effect of Zn. Thus, Zn supplementation may not be sufficient to protect from obesity-related dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Squizani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Matheus Filipe Braga
- Acadêmico do Curso de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Tiago Franco de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kleber Silveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marcia Giovenardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
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16
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Rehman MU, Ghazanfar S, Ul Haq R, Ullah S, Khan S, Wu J, Ahmad W, Tipu MK. Probiotics (Bacillus clausii and Lactobacillus fermentum NMCC-14) Ameliorate Stress Behavior in Mice by Increasing Monoamine Levels and mRNA Expression of Dopamine Receptors (D1 and D2) and Synaptophysin. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:915595. [PMID: 35928261 PMCID: PMC9343877 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.915595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a physiological consequence of the body to adversity. The gut–brain axis and probiotics are gaining interest to provide better treatment for stress and other neurological disorders. Probiotic (Lactobacillus fermentum NMCC-14 and Bacillus clausii, 1010 colony-forming unit/day/animal, per oral) effects were investigated in acute (up to day 7) and subacute (days 8–14) restraint-stressed and normal mice through behavioral paradigms (elevated plus maze: EPM, light dark box/dark light box: LDB, and open field test: OFT). Time spent in the open arms of the EPM, time spent in the light compartment of the LDB, and movable time and time spent in the center of the OFT were significantly (p ≤ 0.05, n = 5) increased in probiotic-treated restraint-stressed mice. Enzyme-linked immunoassay determined blood cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, which were reduced significantly (p < 0.05, n = 5) in probiotic-treated restraint-stressed mice. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained hippocampal slides also showed less or no neurodegeneration in the probiotic-treated animals. High-performance liquid chromatography and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to determine the monoamine levels and mRNA expression of dopamine receptor subtypes (D1 and D2) and synaptophysin in the mice hippocampus (HC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine levels were also significantly (p < 0.05, n = 5) increased in the HC and PFC of probiotic-treated animal brains. Fold expression of mRNA of D1 and D2 (except HC, LF-S, day 14) receptors and synaptophysin was also significantly (p < 0.05, n = 5) increased in the same brain parts of probiotic-treated restraint-stressed mice. Comparing mice in the Lactobacillus fermentum NMCC-14 and Bacillus clausii groups to mice in the normal group, only a significant (p < 0.05, n = 5) decrease was observed in the serum ACTH and cortisol levels on day 14 in Bacillus clausii-treated mice, where all other parameters also showed improvement. In comparison, Bacillus clausii showed greater stress suppressant activity than Lactobacillus fermentum NMCC-14. However, both probiotic bacteria can be a better and safer therapeutic alternative for ailments than currently available drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Abbottabad KPK, Pakistan
| | - Shakir Ullah
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar KPK, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery and Functional Food Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery and Functional Food Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Khalid Tipu, ; Waqar Ahmad,
| | - Muhammad Khalid Tipu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Khalid Tipu, ; Waqar Ahmad,
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17
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Mion D, Bunel L, Heo P, Pincet F. The beginning and the end of SNARE-induced membrane fusion. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1958-1979. [PMID: 35622519 PMCID: PMC9623537 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion is not a spontaneous process. Physiologically, the formation of coiled-coil protein complexes, the SNAREpins, bridges the membrane of a vesicle and a target membrane, brings them in close contact, and provides the energy necessary for their fusion. In this review, we utilize results from in vitro experiments and simple physics and chemistry models to dissect the kinetics and energetics of the fusion process from the encounter of the two membranes to the full expansion of a fusion pore. We find three main energy barriers that oppose the fusion process: SNAREpin initiation, fusion pore opening, and expansion. SNAREpin initiation is inherent to the proteins and makes in vitro fusion kinetic experiments rather slow. The kinetics are physiologically accelerated by effectors. The energy barriers that precede pore opening and pore expansion can be overcome by several SNAREpins acting in concert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Mion
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSLCNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris CitéFrance
| | - Louis Bunel
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSLCNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris CitéFrance
| | - Paul Heo
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP)INSERM U1266ParisFrance
| | - Frédéric Pincet
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSLCNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris CitéFrance
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